706 lines
62 KiB
XML
706 lines
62 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1129.90986" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e4ab335b-ea7b-47c3-8232-35980385e6de" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1129-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="9D6AA42AA3315DC7AED9C352FCE1479E" ID-ZooBank="3A329C3F78A34DE18B5E96F576D74CBD" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1129-1" checkinTime="1668159818282" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Smit, Nico J. & Hadfield, Kerry A." docDate="2022" docId="7817FDC50FCA56A9942324A4BEE4C6DE" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1129: 1-19" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1129" docPubDate="2022-11-10" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1129.90986" docTitle="Gnathia pipinde Smit & Hadfield 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="1D3309F5-2048-4E33-A8A4-308C7B523852" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="2" id="9D6AA42AA3315DC7AED9C352FCE1479E" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="9D6AA42AA3315DC7AED9C352FCE1479E" masterDocTitle="Gnathia pipinde sp. nov. (Crustacea, Isopoda, Gnathiidae), a temporary parasite of the pufferfish, Amblyrhynchotes honckenii, from temperate southern Africa" masterLastPageNumber="19" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668247219241" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Gnathia pipinde sp. nov. (Crustacea, Isopoda, Gnathiidae), a temporary parasite of the pufferfish, Amblyrhynchotes honckenii, from temperate southern Africa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Smit, Nico J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7950-193X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X 6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hadfield, Kerry A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1308-6360</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X 6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">kerryh26@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-11-10</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1129</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>19</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1129.90986</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1129.90986</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1129-1</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">3A329C3F78A34DE18B5E96F576D74CBD</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">9D6AA42AA3315DC7AED9C352FCE1479E</mods:identifier>
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||
</mods:mods>
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||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="204928575" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1D3309F5-2048-4E33-A8A4-308C7B523852" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7817FDC50FCA56A9942324A4BEE4C6DE" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="https://zoobank.org/1D3309F5-2048-4E33-A8A4-308C7B523852" authority="Smit & Hadfield, 2022" authorityName="Smit & Hadfield" authorityYear="2022" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gnathia pipinde" order="Isopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pipinde" status="sp. nov.">Gnathia pipinde</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Gnathia pipinde sp. nov. (NMB P 899), male holotype (4.6 mm TL) A habitus dorsal view B dorsal view of frontal border and mandibles C lateral view of cephalosome D antenna and antennula E pleotelson and uropod F pylopod G pleopod 2 H maxilliped. Scale bars: 200 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1129.90986.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768262" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Gnathia pipinde sp. nov. (NMB P 899), male holotype (4.6 mm TL) A-E pereopods 2 - 6, respectively. Scale bar: 200 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1129.90986.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768263" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Gnathia pipinde sp. nov. (NMB P 900), male scanning electron microscope images. A Dorsal view of cephalosome and pereon B ventral view of cephalosome and pereon C dorsal view of mandible D anterodorsal view of cephalosome E ventral view of penes F ventral view of anterior end of penes. Scale bars: 250 μm (A, B); 100 μm (C - E); 10 μm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1129.90986.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768264" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 3</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Gnathia pipinde sp. nov. (NMB P 901), praniza larva (4.1 mm TL) A habitus dorsal view B dorsal cephalosome C pleopod 1 D antenna and antennula E pleotelson and uropod F mandible G paragnath H maxillula I maxilliped J gnathopod. Scale bars: 200 μm (A-E); 50 μm (F-J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1129.90986.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768265" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 4</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Gnathia pipinde sp. nov. (NMB P 901), praniza larva (4.1 mm TL) A-E pereopods 2 - 6, respectively. Scale bar: 200 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1129.90986.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768266" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 5</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Gnathia pipinde sp. nov. (NMB P 901), praniza larva scanning electron microscope images A anterolateral view of labrum, cephalosome, and antennae B dorsal view of cephalosome C ventral view of cephalosome D ventral view of antenna and antennula E dorsal view of the pleotelson and uropods F lateral view of mandible (m), paragnath (p), and maxillula (ml). Scale bars: 100 μm (A-E); 10 μm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1129.90986.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768267" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 6</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1999-10" collectorName="N. J. Smit" country="South Africa" latitude="-34.47889" location="De Hoop Nature Reserve" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="20.510555" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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.
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<collectingCountry name="South Africa">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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•
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<specimenCount type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
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(
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" unit="mm" value="4.6">4.6 mm</quantity>
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TL, dissected);
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7817FDC50FCA56A9942324A4BEE4C6DE:6BA695D3CA37FD4578FD52420ED74176" country="South Africa" latitude="-34.47889" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="20.510555" name="De Hoop Nature Reserve">De Hoop Nature Reserve</location>
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(
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<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="44" value="-34.47889">34°28'44"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="20" direction="east" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="38" value="20.510555">20°30'38"E</geoCoordinate>
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);
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<collectingDate value="1999-10">October 1999</collectingDate>
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; leg.
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<collectorName>N.J. Smit</collectorName>
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; from
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1785" class="Actinopterygii" family="Tetraodontidae" genus="Amblyrhynchotes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyrhynchotes honckenii" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="honckenii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Amblyrhynchotes honckenii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(NMB P 899)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" country="South Africa" location="South Africa" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="Paratypes">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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.
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<collectingCountry name="South Africa">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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•
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<specimenCount type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
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used for SEM (
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" unit="mm" value="5.1">5.1 mm</quantity>
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TL), 11 praniza larvae (P3) (
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.199999999999999" metricValueMax="4.6" metricValueMin="3.8" unit="mm" value="4.199999999999999" valueMax="4.6" valueMin="3.8">3.8-4.6 mm</quantity>
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TL), 1 P
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</materialsCitation>
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<specimenCount type="larva">3 larva</specimenCount>
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for SEM (
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" unit="mm" value="4.2">4.2 mm</quantity>
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TL); same info as
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<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
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(NMB P 900) • 2 praniza larvae (P3) (3.8,
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" unit="mm" value="4.3">4.3 mm</quantity>
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TL); Chintsa (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="01" value="-32.83361">32°50'01"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="28" direction="east" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="58" value="28.116112">28°06'58"E</geoCoordinate>
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);
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<date value="2020-10">October 2020</date>
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; leg. K.A. Hadfield; from
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1785" class="Actinopterygii" family="Tetraodontidae" genus="Amblyrhynchotes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyrhynchotes honckenii" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="honckenii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Amblyrhynchotes honckenii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(NMB P 901).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description of male adult.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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(Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Gnathia pipinde sp. nov. (NMB P 899), male holotype (4.6 mm TL) A habitus dorsal view B dorsal view of frontal border and mandibles C lateral view of cephalosome D antenna and antennula E pleotelson and uropod F pylopod G pleopod 2 H maxilliped. Scale bars: 200 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1129.90986.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768262" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</figureCitation>
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-
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Gnathia pipinde sp. nov. (NMB P 901), praniza larva (4.1 mm TL) A habitus dorsal view B dorsal cephalosome C pleopod 1 D antenna and antennula E pleotelson and uropod F mandible G paragnath H maxillula I maxilliped J gnathopod. Scale bars: 200 μm (A-E); 50 μm (F-J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1129.90986.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768265" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Body</emphasis>
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2.8 times as long as greatest width, widest at pereonite 5; dorsal surfaces punctate, sparsely setose.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cephalosome</emphasis>
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quadrate, 0.8 as long as wide, lateral margins subparallel, posterior margin concave; dorsal surface with sensory pits and sparse granules; dorsal sulcus narrow, deep, short; paraocular ornamentation weakly developed, posteromedian tubercle present.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">processes</emphasis>
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present.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Frontal margin</emphasis>
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straight, median point with processes.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">External scissura</emphasis>
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present, narrow, shallow.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mediofrontal process</emphasis>
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present, strong, bifid, without fine setae.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Superior frontolateral process</emphasis>
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present, single, strong, conical, with 6 pairs of long simple setae.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Inferior frontolateral process</emphasis>
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absent.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Supraocular lobe</emphasis>
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pronounced, pointed; accessory supraocular lobe not pronounced.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Eyes</emphasis>
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present, elongate, 0.4 as long as cephalosome length, contiguous with head surface, ommatidia arranged in rows.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1129.90986.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768262" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Smit & Hadfield" authorityYear="2022" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gnathia pipinde" order="Isopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pipinde">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gnathia pipinde</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. (NMB P 899), male holotype (4.6 mm TL)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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habitus dorsal view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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dorsal view of frontal border and mandibles
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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lateral view of cephalosome
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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antenna and antennula
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
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pleotelson and uropod
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
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pylopod
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
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pleopod 2
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
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maxilliped. Scale bars: 200
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pereon</emphasis>
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lateral margins subparallel, with few setose setae; anteriorly smooth.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pereonite 1</emphasis>
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partially fused dorsally with cephalosome; dorsolateral margins partly obscured by cephalosome.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pereonite 2</emphasis>
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wider than pereonite 1.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pereonite 4</emphasis>
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with prominent anterior constriction separating it from pereonite 3, median groove present.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Areae laterales</emphasis>
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present on pereonite 5.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pereonite 6</emphasis>
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with weak lobi laterales; lobuii absent or weak, conical.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pleon</emphasis>
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epimera dorsally visible on all pleonites.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pleonite</emphasis>
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lateral margins with 2 pairs of simple setae, long setose setae randomly distributed on posterior margins.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pleotelson</emphasis>
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as long as anterior width, covered in pectinate scales; lateral margins finely serrate, anterolateral margins concave, with 3 submarginal setae; posterolateral margin weakly convex, with 2 submarginal setae; mid-dorsal surface with 2 submedian setae, apex with 2 setae.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1129.90986.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768263" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Smit & Hadfield" authorityYear="2022" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gnathia pipinde" order="Isopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pipinde">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gnathia pipinde</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. (NMB P 899), male holotype (4.6 mm TL)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-E</emphasis>
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pereopods 2-6, respectively. Scale bar: 200
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Antennula</emphasis>
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shorter than antenna; peduncle article 1 with 2 penicillate setae; article 2 0.8 times as long as article 1, with 2 penicillate setae; article 3 2.1 times as long as article 2, 3.8 times as long as wide. Antennula flagellum 0.8 times as long as article 3, with 5 articles; article 1 with 2 plumose setae; article 3 with 1 aesthetasc seta; article 4 with 1 aesthetasc seta, and 2 simple setae; article 5 terminating with 1 aesthetasc seta, and 3 simple setae.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Antenna</emphasis>
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peduncle article 1 covered in pectinate scales and marginal setae; article 3 2.9 times as long as wide, twice as long as article 2, with 1 penicillate seta, and 12-14 simple setae and 1 penicillate seta; article 4 1.3 times as long as article 3, 3.7 times as long as wide, with 2 penicillate setae, and with 40-50 simple setae; flagellum as long as article 4, with 7 articles, terminating with 4 simple setae.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1129.90986.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768264" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smit & Hadfield" authorityYear="2022" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gnathia pipinde" order="Isopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pipinde">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gnathia pipinde</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (NMB P 900), male scanning electron microscope images.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view of cephalosome and pereon
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view of cephalosome and pereon
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view of mandible
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
anterodorsal view of cephalosome
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view of penes
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view of anterior end of penes. Scale bars: 250
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
); 100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
-
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
); 10
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mandible</emphasis>
|
||
0.6 as long as width of cephalosome, rectangular, strongly curved, distally; apex cylindrical, 22% total length, distally raised in lateral view; mandibular seta present.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Carina</emphasis>
|
||
present, smooth.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Incisor</emphasis>
|
||
knob-like.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Blade</emphasis>
|
||
present, dentate, straight, dentate along 100% of margin, with tufts of setae along distal margin. Basal neck short; sensory pits with short simple hair-like setae distributed randomly on dorsal surface of blade. Pseudoblade, internal lobe and dorsal lobe absent; erisma present; lamina dentata absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1129.90986.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768265" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smit & Hadfield" authorityYear="2022" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gnathia pipinde" order="Isopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pipinde">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gnathia pipinde</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (NMB P 901), praniza larva (4.1 mm TL)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
habitus dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal cephalosome
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
pleopod 1
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
antenna and antennula
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
pleotelson and uropod
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||
mandible
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
||
paragnath
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
||
maxillula
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
|
||
maxilliped
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
|
||
gnathopod. Scale bars: 200
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-E</emphasis>
|
||
); 50
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F-J</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Maxilliped</emphasis>
|
||
5-articled, mesial border with short simple hair-like setae; article 1 lateral margin with continuous marginal short setae, endite extending to distal margin of article 2, without coupling setae; article 2 lateral margin with 5 plumose setae; article 3 lateral margin with 7 plumose setae; article 4 lateral margin with 6 plumose setae; article 5 with 7 plumose setae and 5 simple setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pylopod</emphasis>
|
||
article 1 with three distinct areolae, 1.6 as long as wide, without distolateral lobe; posterior and lateral margins forming rounded curve; lateral margin with 38 large plumose setae; mesial margin with scale-setae on distal part only, 2 simple setae and 1 penicillate seta; distal margin with 6 simple setae; article 2 1.3 as long as wide; with 8 simple setae; article 3 minute, with 4 simple setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pereopods 2-6</emphasis>
|
||
with long simple setae and randomly covered in pectinate scales (only illustrated on pereopod 2); inferior margins with weak tubercles.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pereopod 2</emphasis>
|
||
with tubercles on merus and carpus; basis 2.9 times as long as greatest width, superior margin with 19 setae, inferior margin with 12 setae; ischium 0.7 times as long as basis, 2.5 as long as wide, superior margin with 6 simple setae and 1 long setose seta, inferior margin with 17 setae; merus 0.5 as long as ischium, 1.5 as long as wide, superior margin with bulbous protrusion and 4 setae, inferior margin with tubercles and 7 setae; carpus 0.5 as long as ischium, 1.8 as long as wide, superior margin with 2 setae (1 setose), inferior margin with tubercles and 5 setae (1 serrate seta); propodus 0.7 times as long as ischium, 2.5 times as long as wide, superior margin with 3 simple setae and 1 penicillate seta, inferior margin with 2 simple setae and 2 robust setae; dactylus 0.7 as long as propodus, terminates in sharp posterior pointing unguis.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pereopods 3 and 4</emphasis>
|
||
similar to pereopod 2.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pereopod 5</emphasis>
|
||
similar to pereopod 6.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pereopod 6</emphasis>
|
||
with tubercles on merus and carpus; basis 3 times as long as greatest width, superior margin with 14 setae, and 1 penicillate seta, inferior margin with 11 setae; ischium 0.9 as long as basis, 3.2 as long as greatest width, superior margin with 12 setae, inferior margin with 8 setae; merus 0.5 as long as ischium, 1.8 times as long as wide, superior margin with 6 setae, inferior margin with 4 setae, without dense patch of scale-setae; carpus 0.5 as long as ischium, 2.2 times as long as wide, superior margin with 3 setae, inferior margin with 4 setae; propodus 0.6 as long as ischium, 3.8 times as long as wide, superior margin with 5 setae, inferior margin with 5 setae, and 2 robust setae; dactylus 0.6 as long as propodus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Penes</emphasis>
|
||
produced, more than a third length of pereon; penial processes 6.5 times as long as basal width, anterior end ending in sac-like extension dorsal to opening.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pleopod 2 exopod</emphasis>
|
||
1.7 as long as wide, distally broadly rounded, with 9 plumose setae; endopod 1.8 as long as wide, distally broadly rounded, with 8 plumose setae; appendix masculina absent; peduncle 0.8 times as wide as long, mesial margin with 2 coupling setae, lateral margin with 1 simple seta.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Uropod</emphasis>
|
||
rami extending beyond pleotelson, apices narrowly rounded.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peduncle</emphasis>
|
||
with 1 dorsal seta.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Uropod endopod</emphasis>
|
||
2.4 as long as greatest width, dorsally with 4 setae; lateral margin straight, lateral margin with 6 simple setae; proximomesial margin weakly convex, with 6 long plumose setae.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Uropod exopod</emphasis>
|
||
not extending to end of endopod, 3.3 times as long as greatest width; lateral margin weakly sinuate, with 17 simple setae; proximomesial margin straight, distally convex, with 3 long plumose setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description of praniza 3 larva.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Gnathia pipinde sp. nov. (NMB P 901), praniza larva (4.1 mm TL) A habitus dorsal view B dorsal cephalosome C pleopod 1 D antenna and antennula E pleotelson and uropod F mandible G paragnath H maxillula I maxilliped J gnathopod. Scale bars: 200 μm (A-E); 50 μm (F-J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1129.90986.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768265" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4</figureCitation>
|
||
-
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Gnathia pipinde sp. nov. (NMB P 901), praniza larva scanning electron microscope images A anterolateral view of labrum, cephalosome, and antennae B dorsal view of cephalosome C ventral view of cephalosome D ventral view of antenna and antennula E dorsal view of the pleotelson and uropods F lateral view of mandible (m), paragnath (p), and maxillula (ml). Scale bars: 100 μm (A-E); 10 μm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1129.90986.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768267" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Body</emphasis>
|
||
3.5 times as long as greatest width; dorsal surfaces sparsely punctate, sparsely setose.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cephalosome</emphasis>
|
||
0.7 times as long as wide; posterior margin slightly concave; lateral margins convex; dorsal surface with few sensory pits and no setae; anterior margin straight with lateral concave excavations to accommodate first articles of antennae.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Labrum</emphasis>
|
||
prominent, 0.4 times as long as cephalosome, semicircular with apical processes, anterior margin concave.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Eyes</emphasis>
|
||
well developed, oval-shaped; almost as long as cephalosome; one eye 0.3 as wide as cephalosome, bulbous, standing out from head surface; ommatidia arranged in rows; eye colour black.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1129.90986.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768266" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smit & Hadfield" authorityYear="2022" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gnathia pipinde" order="Isopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pipinde">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gnathia pipinde</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (NMB P 901), praniza larva (4.1 mm TL)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-E</emphasis>
|
||
pereopods 2-6, respectively. Scale bar: 200
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pereon</emphasis>
|
||
elongate, 2.3 times as long as wide, smooth, with no setae or sensory pits.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pereonite 1</emphasis>
|
||
partially fused dorsally with cephalosome; dorsally visible; dorsolateral margins partly obscured by cephalosome.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pereonite 2 and 3</emphasis>
|
||
similar in size and shape.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pereonite 4</emphasis>
|
||
triangular, 2.1 times as wide as long, posterior margin stretching over pereonite 5, lateral shields at leg attachment.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pereonite 5</emphasis>
|
||
consists of elastic membrane fully expanded in praniza stage with blood meal, lateral shields at leg attachment.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pereonite 6</emphasis>
|
||
rectangular, posterior margin slightly concave, lateral shields at leg attachment.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pereonite 7</emphasis>
|
||
dorsally visible; posterior margin rounded, overlapping pleonite 1.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pleon</emphasis>
|
||
with all 5 pleonites dorsally visible; pleon and pleotelson 0.4 times as long as pereon.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pleonite 5</emphasis>
|
||
almost twice the length of the other articles.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pleotelson</emphasis>
|
||
1.3 times as long as anterior width, covered in pectinate scales; lateral margins finely serrate; anterolateral margins concave, without submarginal setae; posterolateral margin weakly convex, with 2 submarginal setae; mid-dorsal surface with 2 submedian setae, apex with 2 setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1129.90986.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768267" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smit & Hadfield" authorityYear="2022" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gnathia pipinde" order="Isopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pipinde">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gnathia pipinde</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (NMB P 901), praniza larva scanning electron microscope images
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
anterolateral view of labrum, cephalosome, and antennae
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view of cephalosome
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view of cephalosome
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view of antenna and antennula
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view of the pleotelson and uropods
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view of mandible (m), paragnath (p), and maxillula (ml). Scale bars: 100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-E</emphasis>
|
||
); 10
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Antennula</emphasis>
|
||
shorter than antenna; peduncle with short hair-like setae on anterior borders of all three articles; article 2 with 3 setae, as long as article 1; article 3 with 2 setae (1 penicillate), 2.3 times as long as article 2, 2.9 times as long as wide. Antennula flagellum 1.1 times as long as article 3, with 4 articles; article 1 with 2-3 setae; article 2 with 1 aesthetasc seta and 1 simple seta, 0.6 times as long as flagellum; article 3 with 1 aesthetasc seta; article 4 terminating with 1 aesthetasc seta and 3 simple setae.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Antenna</emphasis>
|
||
with rows of long simple setae on anterior margins of all 4 peduncle articles; peduncle article 3 2.3 times as long as wide, 2 times as long as article 2, with 4 simple setae; article 4 twice as long as article 3, 4.2 times as long as wide, with 6 simple setae; flagellum 1.1 times as long as article 4, with 7 articles, terminating with 3 or 4 simple setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mandible</emphasis>
|
||
stout, distal margin styliform with 16 teeth on mesial margin (3 smaller at tip of mandible), conical and posteriorly directed, increasing in size from anterior to posterior.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paragnaths</emphasis>
|
||
elongate, gutter-like, terminates in sharp point, no teeth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Maxillula</emphasis>
|
||
long, slender, 6-8 small teeth on distal inner margin, lateral border with marginal setae proximally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Maxilliped</emphasis>
|
||
cylindrical with elongated base, endite extending to distal margin of palp article 2, with 1 long simple seta and coupling seta.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Maxilliped palp</emphasis>
|
||
3-articled; article 1 with 6 teeth mesially, lateral margin with setae; article 3 with 5-7 simple setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gnathopod</emphasis>
|
||
smaller than pereopods, with 7 articles, carpus reduced, few simple setae on articles 1-5, 1 robust seta on article 2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pereopods 2-6</emphasis>
|
||
with long simple setae, pectinate scales covering inner margins of propodus and carpus, and outer margins of merus.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pereopod 2</emphasis>
|
||
with tubercles on carpus; basis 2.6 times as long as greatest width, superior margin with 5 setae, inferior margin with 2 setae; ischium 0.7 times as long as basis, twice as long as wide, superior margin with 2 setae, inferior margin with 1 seta; merus 0.5 as long as ischium, 1.3 as long as wide, superior margin with bulbous protrusion, with 3 setae (2 serrate) and pectinate scales, inferior margin with 2 setae; carpus 0.5 as long as ischium, 1.6 as long as wide, superior margin with no setae, inferior margin with 4 setae (1 serrate) and pectinate scales; propodus 0.7 times as long as ischium, 2.3 times as long as wide, superior margin with 2 setae (1 penicillate), inferior margin with 1 simple seta, 2 robust setae and pectinate scales; dactylus 0.9 as long as propodus, with 5 setae, terminates in sharp posterior pointing unguis.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pereopods 3 and 4</emphasis>
|
||
similar to pereopod 2 (differ in setation).
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pereopod 5</emphasis>
|
||
similar to pereopod 6.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pereopod 6</emphasis>
|
||
with tubercles on carpus; basis 3.3 times as long as greatest width, superior margin with 12 setae, inferior margin with 3 setae; ischium 0.7 as long as basis, 2.5 as long as greatest width, superior margin with 4 setae (1 penicillate, 2 setose), inferior margin with 2 setae; merus 0.6 as long as ischium, 1.4 times as long as wide, superior margin with bulbous protrusion and 3 setae (2 serrate), inferior margin with 2 setae, with dense patches of pectinate scales; carpus 0.6 as long as ischium, 2.2 times as long as wide, superior margin with 2 setae, inferior margin with 3 setae (1 serrate) and pectinate scales; propodus 0.8 as long as ischium, 3.6 times as long as wide, superior margin with 9 setae, inferior margin with 1 seta, 2 robust setae, and pectinate scales; dactylus 0.6 as long as propodus, with 4 setae, terminates in sharp posterior pointing unguis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pleopod 1 exopod</emphasis>
|
||
1.9 as long as wide, distally broadly rounded, with 8 plumose setae; endopod 1.8 as long as wide, distally narrowly rounded, with 7 plumose setae; peduncle 0.8 times as wide as long, mesial margin with 2 coupling setae, lateral margin with 1 simple seta.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Uropod</emphasis>
|
||
rami extending to pleotelson apex, apices narrowly rounded, fringes with short simple setae.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peduncle</emphasis>
|
||
with 2 dorsal setae.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Uropod endopod</emphasis>
|
||
1.9 as long as greatest width, dorsally with 3 setae; lateral margin straight, lateral margin with 3 simple setae; proximomesial margin weakly convex, with 6 long plumose setae.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Uropod exopod</emphasis>
|
||
not extending to end of endopod, 3 times as long as greatest width; lateral margin weakly convex, with 5 simple setae; proximomesial margin straight, distally concave, with 4 long plumose setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The Xhosa word "
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smit & Hadfield" authorityYear="2022" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gnathia pipinde" order="Isopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pipinde">Gnathia pipinde</taxonomicName>
|
||
" was chosen, because
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“pipi”">"pipi"</normalizedToken>
|
||
means penis and the post
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“nde”">"nde"</normalizedToken>
|
||
means long in the language of this southern African tribe and thus referring to the most distinct characteristic of this species. Pronounced as
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="pie-pie-n-dê">pie-pie-n-de</normalizedToken>
|
||
. The species epithet is a noun in apposition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">South coast of South Africa (Western and Eastern Cape Provinces).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="host">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hosts.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1785" class="Actinopterygii" family="Tetraodontidae" genus="Amblyrhynchotes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyrhynchotes honckenii" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="honckenii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Amblyrhynchotes honckenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Bloch, 1785).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smit & Hadfield" authorityYear="2022" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gnathia pipinde" order="Isopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pipinde">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gnathia pipinde</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. can be identified by the straight frontal margin; presence of conical superior frontolateral process; a strong and bifid mediofrontal processes; pronounced and pointed supraocular lobes; mandible strongly curved with a dentate blade; and the claviform penes produced more than a third the length of the pereon.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
When compared to the other known South African gnathiid species, the shape and size of the frontal process of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. pipinde" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pipinde">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. pipinde</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are very similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. africana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.9314" author="Barnard, KH" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="197 - 230" refId="B1" refString="Barnard, KH, 1914. Contributions to the crustacean fauna of South Africa. 1. Additions to the marine Isopoda. Annals of the South African Museum 10: 197 - 230, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.9314" title="Contributions to the crustacean fauna of South Africa. 1. Additions to the marine Isopoda." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.9314" volume="10" year="1914">Barnard 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smit, NJ" journalOrPublisher="Folia Parasitologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="229 - 240" refId="B28" refString="Smit, NJ, Van As, JG, Basson, L, 1999. A redescription of the adult male and praniza of Gnathia africana Barnard, 1914 (Crustacea, Isopoda, Gnathiidae) from southern Africa. Folia Parasitologica 46: 229 - 240" title="A redescription of the adult male and praniza of Gnathia africana Barnard, 1914 (Crustacea, Isopoda, Gnathiidae) from southern Africa." volume="46" year="1999">Smit et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. nkulu" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nkulu">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. nkulu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Smit & Van As, 2002 (see Smit and Van As 2002). This species can, however, easily be distinguished from the other South African congeners by the shape and size of its elongated penes, narrowing at the distal end with a sac-like extension.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
There are currently 134 species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1814" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gnathia" order="Isopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gnathia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
known to science (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Boyko, CB" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=118437" refId="B4" refString="Boyko, CB, Bruce, NL, Hadfield, KA, Merrin, KL, Ota, Y, Poore, GCB, Taiti, S, 2008. (2008 onwards) World Marine, Freshwater and Terrestrial Isopod Crustaceans database. Gnathia Leach, 1814. World Register of Marine Species. https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=118437" title="(2008 onwards) World Marine, Freshwater and Terrestrial Isopod Crustaceans database. Gnathia Leach, 1814. World Register of Marine Species." url="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=118437" year="2008">Boyko et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
onwards). To the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="authors’">authors'</normalizedToken>
|
||
knowledge there are nine other
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1814" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gnathia" order="Isopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gnathia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species with elongate penes that differ from each other in shape in size, namely:
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tanaka" authorityYear="2004" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gnathia camuripenis" order="Isopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="camuripenis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gnathia camuripenis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Tanaka, 2004;
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1989" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gnathia cooki" order="Isopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cooki">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gnathia cooki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1989;
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="G. O. Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1872" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gnathia dentata" order="Isopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gnathia dentata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(G.O. Sars, 1872);
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Holdich & Harrison" authorityYear="1980" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gnathia falcipenis" order="Isopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falcipenis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gnathia falcipenis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Holdich & Harrison, 1980;
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Monod" authorityYear="1926" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gnathia fallax" order="Isopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fallax">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gnathia fallax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Monod, 1926;
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Monod" authorityYear="1925" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gnathia inopinata" order="Isopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inopinata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gnathia inopinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Monod, 1926;
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ota & Tanaka" authorityYear="2007" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gnathia limicola" order="Isopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gnathia limicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ota & Tanaka; 2007;
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Monod" authorityYear="1925" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gnathia phallonajopsis" order="Isopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phallonajopsis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gnathia phallonajopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Monod, 1925; and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kensley, Schotte & Poore" authorityYear="2009" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gnathia somalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="somalia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gnathia somalia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kensley, Schotte & Poore, 2009. Of these, only three resemble that of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. pipinde" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pipinde">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. pipinde</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. These are
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. falcipenis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="falcipenis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. falcipenis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia;
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. cooki" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cooki">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. cooki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Morea, Society Islands in the tropical Pacific; and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. camuripenis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="camuripenis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. camuripenis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from southern Japan and the Philippines (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.03.004" author="Shodipo, MO" journalOrPublisher="Parasites and Wildlife" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="355 - 367" refId="B21" refString="Shodipo, MO, Sikkel, PC, Smit, NJ, Hadfield, KA, 2021. First record and molecular characterisation of two Gnathia species (Crustacea, Isopoda, Gnathiidae) from Philippine coral reefs, including a summary of all Central-Indo Pacific Gnathia species. International Journal for Parasitology. Parasites and Wildlife 14: 355 - 367, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.03.004" title="First record and molecular characterisation of two Gnathia species (Crustacea, Isopoda, Gnathiidae) from Philippine coral reefs, including a summary of all Central-Indo Pacific Gnathia species. International Journal for Parasitology." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.03.004" volume="14" year="2021">Shodipo et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1071/MF9800215" author="Holdich, DM" journalOrPublisher="Marine and Freshwater Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="215 - 240" refId="B17" refString="Holdich, DM, Harrison, K, 1980. The crustacean isopod genus Gnathia Leach from Queensland waters with descriptions of nine new species. Marine and Freshwater Research 31 (2): 215 - 240, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/MF9800215" title="The crustacean isopod genus Gnathia Leach from Queensland waters with descriptions of nine new species." url="https://doi.org/10.1071/MF9800215" volume="31" year="1980">Holdich and Harrison (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the mediofrontal processes of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. falcipenis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="falcipenis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. falcipenis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is conical and, thus, distinctly different from the bifid mediofrontal processes of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. pipinde" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pipinde">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. pipinde</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. The superior frontolateral process and shape of the pleotelson of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. cooki" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cooki">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. cooki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mueller, HG" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin Zooelogisch Museum Universiteit van Amsterdam" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="65 - 80" refId="B20" refString="Mueller, HG, 1989. Two new species of Gnathia each from coral reefs at Moorea, Society Islands, with redescription of Gnathia margaritarum Monod, 1926 from Panama Pacific (Isopoda: Cymothoidea: Gnathiidae). Bulletin Zooelogisch Museum Universiteit van Amsterdam 12: 65 - 80" title="Two new species of Gnathia each from coral reefs at Moorea, Society Islands, with redescription of Gnathia margaritarum Monod, 1926 from Panama Pacific (Isopoda: Cymothoidea: Gnathiidae)." volume="12" year="1989">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1989)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are very similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. pipinde" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pipinde">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. pipinde</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. However, in the South African species there are six long simple setae on each superior frontolateral processes and the inferior frontolateral process are absent, whereas in the species from the Pacific there are only three long simple setae and the inferior frontolateral process are present. In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. pipinde" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pipinde">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. pipinde</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. differs in the number of antenna flagellum articles (seven instead of six), and the number of plumose setae on the distal four articles of the maxillipeds (in the order of 5-7-6-7 instead of 5-6-5-7 as in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. cooki" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cooki">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. cooki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The males of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. camuripenis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="camuripenis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. camuripenis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can easily be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. pipinde" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pipinde">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. pipinde</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. in its rounded mediofrontal processes without a ventral notch and large bifid internal lobe present on the mandibles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.18353/crustacea.33.0_51" author="Tanaka, K" journalOrPublisher="Crustacean Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="51 - 60" refId="B34" refString="Tanaka, K, 2004. A new species of Gnathia (Isopoda: Cymothoida: Gnathiidae) from Ishigaki Island, the Ryukyus, southwestern Japan. Crustacean Research 33 (0): 51 - 60, DOI: https://doi.org/10.18353/crustacea.33.0_51" title="A new species of Gnathia (Isopoda: Cymothoida: Gnathiidae) from Ishigaki Island, the Ryukyus, southwestern Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.18353/crustacea.33.0_51" volume="33" year="2004">Tanaka 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. pipinde" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pipinde">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. pipinde</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. can be distinguished from the described larvae of the South African species,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. africana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. pantherina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pantherina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. pantherina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Smit & Basson, 2002, by the presence of 16 teeth on the mandible (
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. africana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with nine or 10 and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. pantherina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pantherina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. pantherina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with eight). The shape of the pleotelson of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. pipinde" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pipinde">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. pipinde</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(posterior two-thirds convex) also differs from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. africana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(lateral margins straight) and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. pantherina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pantherina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. pantherina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(anterior half of lateral margins slightly concave).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
This species is host-specific to
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1785" class="Actinopterygii" family="Tetraodontidae" genus="Amblyrhynchotes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyrhynchotes honckenii" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="honckenii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Amblyrhynchotes honckenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and only occurs on the temperate south coast of South Africa (with low intensity and rare infections), despite the wide distribution of the host fish (temperate south coast to subtropical east coast of South Africa). The specific locality preference is also observed with another parasitic isopod on this host fish,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schioedte & Meinert" authorityYear="1884" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Cinusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cinusa tetrodontis" order="Isopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tetrodontis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cinusa tetrodontis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Schioedte & Meinert, 1884.
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2437.1.3" author="Hadfield, KA" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="51 - 68" refId="B15" refString="Hadfield, KA, Bruce, NL, Smit, NJ, 2010. Redescription of the monotypic genus Cinusa Schioedte and Meinert, 1884 (Isopoda, Cymothoidae), a buccal-cavity isopod from South Africa. Zootaxa 2437 (1): 51 - 68, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2437.1.3" title="Redescription of the monotypic genus Cinusa Schioedte and Meinert, 1884 (Isopoda, Cymothoidae), a buccal-cavity isopod from South Africa." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2437.1.3" volume="2437" year="2010">Hadfield et al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
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reported this species from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. honckenii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="honckenii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. honckenii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, also only from the temperate south coast of South Africa. This specific area seems to be a parasite diversity hotspot within the TSA realm and could still yield other unknown parasites with further research. Information on the nine known gnathiid species from the TSA is summarised in Table
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<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Summary of the location, depth, size and references of 9 gnathiid species from the Temperate Southern African (TSA) realm, including the 8 previously known species and the new species, Gnathia pipinde sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9DE79B5D23D2CEE6B9654F2886B69DDE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="9DE79B5D23D2CEE6B9654F2886B69DDE">1</tableCitation>
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, along with a key to these species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |