416 lines
48 KiB
XML
416 lines
48 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="82BEA793326E548D789887C68453D710">Description of the tadpoles of two endemic frogs: the Phu Luang cascade frog Odorrana aureola (Anura: Ranidae) and the Isan big-headed frog Limnonectes isanensis (Anura: Dicroglossidae) from northeastern Thailand</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="C9A13D46CE66FB333558E58B5EC7D3CD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="CCB5D2EF578693BB605C5D2376F6F054">Ampai, Natee</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="FF46D7C24C8AB61922B1F6F600E2F0E2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4BCD040E762E8215E4736E8B3275B3F3">Rujirawan, Attapol</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="1A900A7257EDB875D11F6DE5D84208B7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="CF75B501279BF8A038322276390A0319">Arkajag, Jirachai</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="18DC64F48387EC53CDDFA71468204773" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="D702EE07B2E03AA6F995C472CBBC1F73">Mcleod, David S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="D8D7547CBF0B6BC4D1D61A284EE2AFBF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B95DE4E6F5A428EDE98978A764B99F7D">Aowphol, Anchalee</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E9A8F55431DFF5E89134185966B2F3DB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A5FB856C06EFD783E27E9ACFA9241F57">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D8EA72554095DAE5544177688133FDA5">3981</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03F297458639BF7AFF7235ACFECBFDB5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5628503" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119635671" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5628503" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F297458639BF7AFF7235ACFECBFDB5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F297458639BF7AFF7235ACFECBFDB5" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="513" pageId="2" pageNumber="510">
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<subSubSection id="C34175D88639BF7AFF7235ACFECBFDB5" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="514" pageId="2" pageNumber="510" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE426538639BF7EFF7235ACFC20F964" blockId="2.[151,973,1746,1772]" box="[151,973,1746,1772]" pageId="2" pageNumber="510">
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<heading id="D0AC913F8639BF7EFF7235ACFC20F964" bold="true" box="[151,973,1746,1772]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="510" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD08639BF7EFF7235ACFC20F964" ID-CoL="48SF6" authority="Stuart, Chuaynkern" authorityName="Stuart, Chuaynkern" authorityYear="2006" box="[151,973,1746,1772]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Odorrana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="510" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureola">
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<emphasis id="B92FFA418639BF7EFF7235ACFC20F964" bold="true" box="[151,973,1746,1772]" pageId="2" pageNumber="510">
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<emphasis id="B92FFA418639BF7EFF7235ACFE9FF964" bold="true" box="[151,370,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="510">Odorrana aureola</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5BA28639BF7EFE9C35ACFC20F964" author="Stuart" box="[377,973,1746,1772]" pageId="2" pageNumber="510" refString="Stuart, B. L., Chuaynkern Y., Chan-ard T. & Inger R. F. (2006 a) Three new species of frogs and a new tadpole from eastern Thailand. Fieldiana Zoology, 111, 1 - 19. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3158 / 0015 - 0754 (2006) 187 [1: tnsofa] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2006">Stuart, Chuaynkern, Chan-ard, and Inger, 2006</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE426538639BF7EFF723469FCE1F848" blockId="2.[151,1437,1815,2020]" pageId="2" pageNumber="510">
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<emphasis id="B92FFA418639BF7EFF723469FE74F8B8" bold="true" box="[151,409,1815,1840]" pageId="2" pageNumber="510">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
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A single tadpole of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD08639BF7EFD6E3466FCEBF8B8" box="[651,774,1815,1840]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Odorrana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="510" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureola">
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<emphasis id="B92FFA418639BF7EFD6E3466FCEBF8B8" box="[651,774,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="510">
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<collectingCountry id="F34C66C38639BF7EFD6E3466FD4FF8A7" box="[651,674,1816,1839]" name="Iceland" pageId="2" pageNumber="510">O</collectingCountry>
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. aureola
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(ZMKU AM 01138) was collected from Kok Huai Toey Stream, Phu Luang Wildlife Sanctuary, Loei Province (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE6F40948639BF7EFCFE3442FC58F8DC" box="[795,949,1852,1876]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="510" precision="1" value="17.322474">17°19'20.9"N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE6F40948639BF7EFC253445FB8BF8DC" box="[960,1126,1851,1876]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="510" precision="1" value="101.52267">101°31'21.6"E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="4CA38BB68639BF7EFB903445FB23F8DB" box="[1141,1230,1851,1876]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.246" pageId="2" pageNumber="510" unit="m" value="1246.0">1246 m</quantity>
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ASL) by Attapol Rujirawan and Natee Ampai on
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<date id="FFE500938639BF7EFDED341EFD09F8F0" box="[520,740,1887,1912]" pageId="2" pageNumber="510" value="2013-09-19">19 September 2013</date>
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(2052 hr). A single adult specimen (ZMKU AM 01137;
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<figureCitation id="13603AD68639BF7EFA953421FF48F814" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[174,1412,198,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[168,1418,193,1910]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. (A) Adult male of the Phu Luang cascade frog, Odorrana aureola and (B) The habitat of O. aureola at Phu Luang Wildlife Sanctuary, Loei Province." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243351/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="510">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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A) was collected at the same location (
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<figureCitation id="13603AD68639BF7EFD8B34FDFD59F814" box="[622,692,1923,1948]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[174,1412,198,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[168,1418,193,1910]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. (A) Adult male of the Phu Luang cascade frog, Odorrana aureola and (B) The habitat of O. aureola at Phu Luang Wildlife Sanctuary, Loei Province." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243351/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="510">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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B) by Anchalee Aowphol, Attapol Rujirawan, Natee Ampai and Somphouthone Phimmachak on
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<date id="FFE500938639BF7EFDE134D6FD79F848" box="[516,660,1959,1984]" pageId="2" pageNumber="510" value="2013-07-28">28 July 2013</date>
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(2100 hr).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE426538639BF7FFF2234B5FDECFF5D" blockId="2.[151,1437,1815,2020]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="511" pageId="2" pageNumber="510">
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<emphasis id="B92FFA418639BF7EFF2234B5FE9DF86C" bold="true" box="[199,368,1995,2020]" pageId="2" pageNumber="510">Identification.</emphasis>
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Sequence data from the tadpole (ZMKU AM 01138) and adult (ZMKU AM 01137) were 100% identical over a fragment of 553 bp. Morphology of the adult specimen of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD08638BF7FFBD733E6FB46FF38" box="[1074,1195,151,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Odorrana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="511" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureola">
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<emphasis id="B92FFA418638BF7FFBD733E6FB46FF38" box="[1074,1195,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">
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<collectingCountry id="F34C66C38638BF7FFBD733E6FBA4FF27" box="[1074,1097,152,175]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">O</collectingCountry>
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. aureola
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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matched the original description (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5BA28638BF7FFEC733C2FE1BFF5D" author="Stuart" box="[290,502,188,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="511" refString="Stuart, B. L., Chuaynkern Y., Chan-ard T. & Inger R. F. (2006 a) Three new species of frogs and a new tadpole from eastern Thailand. Fieldiana Zoology, 111, 1 - 19. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3158 / 0015 - 0754 (2006) 187 [1: tnsofa] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2006" yearSuffix="a">
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Stuart
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<emphasis id="B92FFA418638BF7FFE8833C3FE48FF5D" box="[365,421,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">et al.</emphasis>
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2006a
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE426538638BF7FFF2233A1FC22FEC8" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">
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<emphasis id="B92FFA418638BF7FFF2233A1FE1BFF70" bold="true" box="[199,502,223,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">Measurement of tadpole.</emphasis>
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Morphometric measurements (in mm) at
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5BA28638BF7FFC3B339EFB6EFF70" author="Gosner" box="[990,1155,223,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="511" refString="Gosner, K. L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anuran embryos and larvae, with notes on identification. Herpetologica, 16, 183 - 190." type="journal article" year="1960">Gosner (1960)</bibRefCitation>
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developmental stage 30 (
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<tableCitation id="C6D913E88638BF7FFF7B327AFF19FE94" box="[158,244,260,285]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,368,391]" captionTargetBox="[159,1385,524,1280]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric measurements (mm) of Odorrana aureola tadpole (ZMKU AM 01138; n = 1) and morphometric variations of Limnonectes isanensis tadpole series (ZMKU AM 01140; n = 3, ZMKU AM 01141; n = 1, and ZMKU AM 01142; n = 1) from Phu Luang Wildlife Sanctuary, Loei Province, northeastern Thailand." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2476DB8638BF7FFF72320EFB15FE4F" pageId="3" pageNumber="511" tableUuid="DF2476DB8638BF7FFF72320EFB15FE4F">Table 1</tableCitation>
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): BH = 3.5; BL = 8.8; BW = 4.7;
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<collectingCountry id="F34C66C38638BF7FFD9A327BFD5CFE94" box="[639,689,261,284]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">IND</collectingCountry>
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= 1.8; IOD = 2.8; IOS = 1.5; MTH = 4.3; ODW = 2.5; SS = 6.6; TAL = 20.9; TL = 29.7; TMH = 2.7; TMW = 2.4; HUF = 1.5; HLF = 1.2.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF2476DB8638BF7FFF72320EFB15FE4F" ID-Table-UUID="DF2476DB8638BF7FFF72320EFB15FE4F" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2476DB8638BF7FFF72320EFB15FE4F" pageId="3" pageNumber="511" targetBox="[159,1385,524,1280]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph id="8BE426538638BF7FFF72320EFB15FE4F" blockId="3.[151,1436,367,455]" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">
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<emphasis id="B92FFA418638BF7FFF72320EFEE6FE0F" bold="true" box="[151,267,368,391]" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">TABLE 1</emphasis>
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. Morphometric measurements (mm) of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD08638BF7FFD063211FC42FE0F" box="[739,943,367,391]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Odorrana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="511" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureola">
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<emphasis id="B92FFA418638BF7FFD063211FC42FE0F" box="[739,943,367,391]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">Odorrana aureola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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tadpole (ZMKU AM 01138; n = 1) and morphometric variations of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD08638BF7FFE2132EEFD58FE2F" box="[452,693,400,423]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="511" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isanensis">
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<emphasis id="B92FFA418638BF7FFE2132EEFD58FE2F" box="[452,693,400,423]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">Limnonectes isanensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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tadpole series (ZMKU AM 01140; n = 3, ZMKU AM 01141; n = 1, and ZMKU AM 01142; n =1) from Phu Luang Wildlife Sanctuary, Loei Province, northeastern Thailand.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BE426538638BF7FFF7A329CFE3BF9F4" blockId="3.[159,1228,482,504]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,1348,2022]" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">
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Species
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<emphasis id="B92FFA418638BF7FFDA7329CFB21FE70" box="[578,1228,482,504]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD08638BF7FFDA7329CFD16FE70" box="[578,763,482,504]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Odorrana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="511" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureola">Odorrana aureola</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD08638BF7FFC0C329DFB21FE70" box="[1001,1228,483,504]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="511" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isanensis">Limnonectes isanensis</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B92FFA418638BF7FFF22363AFE3BFAD5" bold="true" box="[199,470,1348,1373]" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">Description of tadpole.</emphasis>
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Body small and streamlined (
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<figureCitation id="13603AD68638BF7FFCC6363AFC9FFAD5" box="[803,882,1348,1373]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,858,880]" captionTargetBox="[183,1405,201,829]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[175,1412,193,837]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Odorrana aureola tadpole (ZMKU AM 01138; Gosner stage 30); (A) lateral view, (B) oral disc. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243352/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13603AD68638BF7FFC98363BFC63FAD5" box="[893,910,1349,1373]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1450,1472]" captionTargetBox="[193,1393,940,1421]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[184,1403,930,1429]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Odorrana aureola tadpole (ZMKU AM 01138; Gosner stage 30) in life; (A) Dorsal view, (B) ventral view, and (C) lateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243353/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">4</figureCitation>
|
||
). From above, body oval, wider anteriorly than posteriorly, snout acutely rounded; in profile body dorsoventrally depressed, snout rounded, sloping gently from the plane of the eyes, oral disc anteroventral. Nares small with elevated rim, anterodorsally positioned, closer to snout than eye. Eyes positioned at the anterior one-third of the body, dorsolateral, not visible from ventral view. Interorbital distance almost twice internarial distance. Single, sinistral, tubular spiracle opening just below body axis posterior to midpoint of body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13603AD68638BF7FFDCC3686FD83F999" box="[553,622,1528,1553]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1450,1472]" captionTargetBox="[193,1393,940,1421]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[184,1403,930,1429]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Odorrana aureola tadpole (ZMKU AM 01138; Gosner stage 30) in life; (A) Dorsal view, (B) ventral view, and (C) lateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243353/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
C); SS =
|
||
<quantity id="4CA38BB68638BF7FFD323686FCDCF998" box="[727,817,1528,1553]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="511" unit="mm" value="6.6">6.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Vent tube dextral, opens midway between muscle and edge of ventral fin. Tail musculature well developed, round shaped, end rounded. Fin beginning at root of tail, margin of dorsal fin higher than ventral fin and slightly convex, ventral fin parallel to caudal fin, fin tapering to pointed tip, TMH =
|
||
<quantity id="4CA38BB68638BF7FFE9C351BFE3FF9F4" box="[377,466,1637,1661]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="511" unit="mm" value="2.7">2.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE426538638BF7FFF7A3173FAF1FA88" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">
|
||
<table id="F95BD4F386384083FF7A3172FA84FA88" box="[159,1385,524,1280]" gridcols="6" gridrows="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">
|
||
<tr id="356B241186384083FF7A3172FA84FDC8" box="[159,1385,524,576]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">
|
||
<th id="76BA4D6D86384083FF7A3172FE1EFDC8" box="[159,499,524,576]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">ZMKU number</th>
|
||
<th id="76BA4D6D86384083FDA43172FD42FDC8" box="[577,687,524,576]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">ZMKU AM 0 1138</th>
|
||
<th id="76BA4D6D86384083FCFA3172FC61FDC8" box="[799,908,524,576]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">ZMKU AM 0 1140</th>
|
||
<th id="76BA4D6D86384083FC2C3172FBDBFDC8" box="[969,1078,524,576]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">ZMKU AM 0 1141</th>
|
||
<th id="76BA4D6D86384083FB843172FB22FDC8" box="[1121,1231,524,576]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">ZMKU AM 0 1140</th>
|
||
<th id="76BA4D6D86384083FB193172FA84FDC8" box="[1276,1385,524,576]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">ZMKU AM 0 1142</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356B241186384083FF7A312AFA84FD34" box="[159,1385,596,700]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">
|
||
<th id="76BA4D6D86384083FF7A312AFE1EFD34" box="[159,499,596,700]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">Gosner stage Number of tadpole (n) Body height (BH)</th>
|
||
<td id="76BA4D6D86384083FDA4312AFD42FD34" box="[577,687,596,700]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">30 n=1 3.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA4D6D86384083FCFA312AFC61FD34" box="[799,908,596,700]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">30 n=1 3.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA4D6D86384083FC2C312AFBDBFD34" box="[969,1078,596,700]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">32 n=1 5.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA4D6D86384083FB84312AFB22FD34" box="[1121,1231,596,700]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">35 n=2 5.9±0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA4D6D86384083FB19312AFA84FD34" box="[1276,1385,596,700]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">38 n=1 5.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356B241186384083FF7A31AEFA84FCB0" box="[159,1385,720,824]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">
|
||
<th id="76BA4D6D86384083FF7A31AEFE1EFCB0" box="[159,499,720,824]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">Body length (BL) Body width (BW) Internarial distance (IND)</th>
|
||
<td id="76BA4D6D86384083FDA431AEFD42FCB0" box="[577,687,720,824]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">8.8 4.7 1.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA4D6D86384083FCFA31AEFC61FCB0" box="[799,908,720,824]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">9.6 6.0 1.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA4D6D86384083FC2C31AEFBDBFCB0" box="[969,1078,720,824]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">12.5 7.4 2.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA4D6D86384083FB8431AEFB22FCB0" box="[1121,1231,720,824]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">12.8±0.8 7.8±0.1 2.5±0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA4D6D86384083FB1931AEFA84FCB0" box="[1276,1385,720,824]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">13.4 7.9 2.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356B241186384083FF7A3032FA84FC03" box="[159,1385,844,907]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">
|
||
<th id="76BA4D6D86384083FF7A3032FE1EFC03" box="[159,499,844,907]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">Interorbital distance (IOD) Distance from IOD to IND (IOS)</th>
|
||
<td id="76BA4D6D86384083FDA43032FD42FC03" box="[577,687,844,907]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">2.8 1.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA4D6D86384083FCFA3032FC61FC03" box="[799,908,844,907]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">3.0 1.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA4D6D86384083FC2C3032FBDBFC03" box="[969,1078,844,907]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">3.8 2.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA4D6D86384083FB843032FB22FC03" box="[1121,1231,844,907]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">3.4±0.7 2.5±0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA4D6D86384083FB193032FA84FC03" box="[1276,1385,844,907]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">4.0 2.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356B241186384083FF7A30E1FA84FC56" box="[159,1385,927,990]" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">
|
||
<th id="76BA4D6D86384083FF7A30E1FE1EFC56" box="[159,499,927,990]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">Maximum tail height (MTH) Width of oral disc (ODW)</th>
|
||
<td id="76BA4D6D86384083FDA430E1FD42FC56" box="[577,687,927,990]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">4.3 2.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA4D6D86384083FCFA30E1FC61FC56" box="[799,908,927,990]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">5.2 2.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA4D6D86384083FC2C30E1FBDBFC56" box="[969,1078,927,990]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">6.2 2.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA4D6D86384083FB8430E1FB22FC56" box="[1121,1231,927,990]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">6.3±0.1 2.5±0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA4D6D86384083FB1930E1FA84FC56" box="[1276,1385,927,990]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">6.8 2.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356B241186384083FF7A308CFA84FBD2" box="[159,1385,1010,1114]" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">
|
||
<th id="76BA4D6D86384083FF7A308CFE1EFBD2" box="[159,499,1010,1114]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">Distance of snout to spiracle (SS) Tail length (TAL) Total length (TL)</th>
|
||
<td id="76BA4D6D86384083FDA4308CFD42FBD2" box="[577,687,1010,1114]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">6.6 20.9 29.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA4D6D86384083FCFA308CFC61FBD2" box="[799,908,1010,1114]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">6.2 17.6 27.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA4D6D86384083FC2C308CFBDBFBD2" box="[969,1078,1010,1114]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">7.2 19.2 31.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA4D6D86384083FB84308CFB22FBD2" box="[1121,1231,1010,1114]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">7.6±0.1 19.5±0.1 32.3±0.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA4D6D86384083FB19308CFA84FBD2" box="[1276,1385,1010,1114]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">7.7 26.9 40.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356B241186384083FF7A3710FA84FB5E" box="[159,1385,1134,1238]" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">
|
||
<th id="76BA4D6D86384083FF7A3710FE1EFB5E" box="[159,499,1134,1238]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">Tail muscle height (TMH) Tail muscle width (TMW) Height of upper tail fin (HUF)</th>
|
||
<td id="76BA4D6D86384083FDA43710FD42FB5E" box="[577,687,1134,1238]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">2.7 2.4 1.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA4D6D86384083FCFA3710FC61FB5E" box="[799,908,1134,1238]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">2.2 1.9 1.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA4D6D86384083FC2C3710FBDBFB5E" box="[969,1078,1134,1238]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">2.9 2.3 1.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA4D6D86384083FB843710FB22FB5E" box="[1121,1231,1134,1238]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">3.0±0.1 2.8±0.1 2.1±0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA4D6D86384083FB193710FA84FB5E" box="[1276,1385,1134,1238]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">3.1 3.2 2.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356B241186384083FF7A3794FA84FA88" box="[159,1385,1258,1280]" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">
|
||
<th id="76BA4D6D86384083FF7A3794FE1EFA88" box="[159,499,1258,1280]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">Height of lower tail fin (HLF)</th>
|
||
<td id="76BA4D6D86384083FDA43794FD42FA88" box="[577,687,1258,1280]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">1.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA4D6D86384083FCFA3794FC61FA88" box="[799,908,1258,1280]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">1.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA4D6D86384083FC2C3794FBDBFA88" box="[969,1078,1258,1280]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">1.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA4D6D86384083FB843794FB22FA88" box="[1121,1231,1258,1280]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">1.4±0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76BA4D6D86384083FB193794FA84FA88" box="[1276,1385,1258,1280]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">1.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE426538638BF7FFF2235F6FB39F8F1" blockId="3.[151,1437,1348,2022]" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA418638BF7FFF2235F6FE9EF929" bold="true" box="[199,371,1672,1697]" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">Color pattern.</emphasis>
|
||
Color in life (Stage 30,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13603AD68638BF7FFD6D35F6FD20F929" box="[648,717,1672,1697]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1450,1472]" captionTargetBox="[193,1393,940,1421]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[184,1403,930,1429]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Odorrana aureola tadpole (ZMKU AM 01138; Gosner stage 30) in life; (A) Dorsal view, (B) ventral view, and (C) lateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243353/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
): body brown to russet with dense dark brown pigmentation on the dorsum from snout to distal third of tail, clusters of melanophores become less dense towards the venter giving the sides of body and tail a spotted appearance. Dorsum, sides of body and tail flecked with small golden spots arranged almost linearly. Distal third of tail musculature dark brown, tip transparent. Fins flecked with dark brown pigment near musculature, fading to transparent at margins and distal tip of tail. Oral disc pale white. Venter translucent revealing internal organs and centro-sinistral intestines. Coloration in preservative similar to that in life with dark brown pigmentation remaining the same, but body pale grayish, and spots pale golden.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE426538638BF7FFF2234FAFD5EF86E" blockId="3.[151,1437,1348,2022]" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA418638BF7FFF2234FAFED6F815" bold="true" box="[199,315,1924,1949]" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">Oral disc.</emphasis>
|
||
Oral disc (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13603AD68638BF7FFE5034FAFE1BF815" box="[437,502,1924,1949]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,858,880]" captionTargetBox="[183,1405,201,829]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[175,1412,193,837]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Odorrana aureola tadpole (ZMKU AM 01138; Gosner stage 30); (A) lateral view, (B) oral disc. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243352/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="511">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B) anteroventral, emarginated with uniserial array of blunt marginal papillae and 5– 6 submarginal papillae at intersection of anterior and posterior labia. Upper and lower jaw sheathes medium and serrated with black margins, LTRF: 5(2–5)/4(1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2476DB863FBF78FF7234F2FE1AF848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243351/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="512" targetBox="[174,1412,198,1902]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE42653863FBF78FF7234F2FE1AF848" blockId="4.[151,1436,1932,1984]" pageId="4" pageNumber="512">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA41863FBF78FF7234F2FEFFF829" bold="true" box="[151,274,1932,1954]" pageId="4" pageNumber="512">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
(A) Adult male of the Phu Luang cascade frog,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD0863FBF78FD1E34F2FC59F82A" box="[763,948,1932,1954]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Odorrana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA41863FBF78FD1E34F2FC59F82A" box="[763,948,1932,1954]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="512">Odorrana aureola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and (B) The habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD0863FBF78FB4734F2FAE2F82A" box="[1186,1295,1932,1954]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Odorrana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA41863FBF78FB4734F2FAE2F82A" box="[1186,1295,1932,1954]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="512">O. aureola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at Phu Luang Wildlife Sanctuary, Loei Province.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF2476DB863EBF79FF723024FA71FCF8" box="[151,1436,858,880]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243352/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="513" targetBox="[183,1405,201,829]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE42653863EBF79FF723024FA71FCF8" blockId="5.[151,1436,858,880]" box="[151,1436,858,880]" pageId="5" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA41863EBF79FF723024FEFFFCE7" bold="true" box="[151,274,858,880]" pageId="5" pageNumber="513">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD0863EBF79FEFD3024FE3CFCF8" box="[280,465,858,880]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Odorrana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA41863EBF79FEFD3024FE3CFCF8" box="[280,465,858,880]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="513">Odorrana aureola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tadpole (ZMKU AM 01138; Gosner stage 30); (A) lateral view, (B) oral disc. Scale bar = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF2476DB863EBF79FF7236D4FE3FFA57" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243353/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="513" targetBox="[193,1393,940,1421]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE42653863EBF79FF7236D4FE3FFA57" blockId="5.[151,1436,1450,1503]" pageId="5" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA41863EBF79FF7236D4FEFFFA37" bold="true" box="[151,274,1450,1472]" pageId="5" pageNumber="513">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD0863EBF79FEFD36D4FE3CFA48" box="[280,465,1450,1472]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Odorrana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA41863EBF79FEFD36D4FE3CFA48" box="[280,465,1450,1472]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="513">Odorrana aureola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tadpole (ZMKU AM 01138; Gosner stage 30) in life; (A) Dorsal view, (B) ventral view, and (C) lateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE42653863EBF79FF223575FD29F8E2" blockId="5.[151,1437,1547,2007]" pageId="5" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA41863EBF79FF223575FEC6F9AC" bold="true" box="[199,299,1547,1572]" pageId="5" pageNumber="513">Ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
The tadpole was discovered at the bottom of a small, shallow pool in a permanent stream with an accumulation of dead leaves and rocks <
|
||
<quantity id="4CA38BB6863EBF79FD88354EFD58F9CF" box="[621,693,1584,1608]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="513" unit="cm" value="40.0">40 cm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13603AD6863EBF79FCB73551FC75F9C0" box="[850,920,1583,1608]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[174,1412,198,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[168,1418,193,1910]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. (A) Adult male of the Phu Luang cascade frog, Odorrana aureola and (B) The habitat of O. aureola at Phu Luang Wildlife Sanctuary, Loei Province." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243351/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="513">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B). The tadpole was buried within the gravel substrate on the bottom of the pool. Sampling area in the stream was
|
||
<quantity id="4CA38BB6863EBF79FC7C3529FC3AF9E6" box="[921,983,1623,1647]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="513" unit="m" value="2.4">2.4 m</quantity>
|
||
2 with a maximum depth of
|
||
<quantity id="4CA38BB6863EBF79FAE83528FABCF9E6" box="[1293,1361,1622,1647]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="513" unit="cm" value="16.0">16 cm</quantity>
|
||
water. Tadpole was collected at 2052 hr on
|
||
<date id="FFE50093863EBF79FDDB3505FCF2F91B" box="[574,799,1658,1683]" pageId="5" pageNumber="513" value="2013-09-19">19 September 2013</date>
|
||
. Ambient air temperature = 21.4°C, relative humidity = 85.9%, surface water temperature = 19.8°C, water temperature at
|
||
<quantity id="4CA38BB6863EBF79FC6935E0FC3EF93E" box="[908,979,1694,1719]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="513" unit="cm" value="16.0">16 cm</quantity>
|
||
= 18.9°C, and stream current was slow (
|
||
<quantity id="4CA38BB6863EBF79FF7A35BDFF0BF953" box="[159,230,1731,1755]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="513" unit="m" value="0.2">0.2 m</quantity>
|
||
/s). Stream
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C66C3863EBF79FE8F35BDFE61F952" box="[362,396,1731,1754]" name="Philippines" pageId="5" pageNumber="513">pH</collectingCountry>
|
||
taken at 1036 hr on
|
||
<date id="FFE50093863EBF79FD6335BDFC8AF953" box="[646,871,1730,1755]" pageId="5" pageNumber="513" value="2013-09-20">20 September 2013</date>
|
||
was 8.6 (weak base), ambient air temperature = 22.8°C, water temperature was not collected. No egg masses were found during the surveys. When disturbed, the tadpole moved quickly and hid within gravel, rock crevices, and dead leaves. Adult males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD0863EBF79FB433475FAF3F8AB" box="[1190,1310,1802,1827]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Odorrana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA41863EBF79FB433475FAF3F8AB" box="[1190,1310,1802,1827]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C66C3863EBF79FB433475FB50F8AA" box="[1190,1213,1803,1826]" name="Iceland" pageId="5" pageNumber="513">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. aureola
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were often found
|
||
<quantity id="4CA38BB6863EBF79FF063451FEBBF8CE" box="[227,342,1839,1863]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="513" unit="cm" value="25.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="20.0">20–30 cm</quantity>
|
||
above the water perched on large rocks. When disturbed, adult frogs escaped to other rocky perches or took cover at the bottom of the stream.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE42653863EBF7AFF223408FECBFDB5" blockId="5.[151,1437,1547,2007]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,573]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="514" pageId="5" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA41863EBF79FF223408FE81F807" bold="true" box="[199,364,1910,1935]" pageId="5" pageNumber="513">Comparisons.</emphasis>
|
||
The external morphology of some tadpoles in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD0863EBF79FBDF3408FB47F807" box="[1082,1194,1910,1935]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Odorrana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA41863EBF79FBDF3408FB47F807" box="[1082,1194,1910,1935]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="513">Odorrana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been described previously.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5BA2863EBF79FEF934E4FDEEF83B" box="[284,515,1946,1971]" pageId="5" pageNumber="513" refString="Inthara, C., Lauhachinda, V., Nabhaitabhat, J., Chuaynkern, Y. & Kumtong, P. (2005) Mouth part structures and distribution of some tadpole from Thailand. The Thailand National History Museum Journal, 1 (1), 55 - 78." type="journal article">
|
||
Inthara
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA41863EBF79FE9134E5FE42F83B" box="[372,431,1946,1971]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="513">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported LTRF 5(2–5)/4(1) for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD0863EBF79FC9734E4FBC1F83B" box="[882,1068,1946,1971]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Odorrana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="livida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA41863EBF79FC9734E4FBC1F83B" box="[882,1068,1946,1971]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="513">Odorrana livida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Loei Province but did not address other oral features.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5BA2863EBF79FE3E34C0FD72F85F" author="Songchan" box="[475,671,1982,2007]" pageId="5" pageNumber="513" refString="Songchan, R. (2007) External morphological characters of some tadpoles as related to different habitat types in Chiang Dao, Chiang Mai Province. M. S. Thesis, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand, 103 pp." type="book" year="2007">Songchan (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described coloration and body morphology of a Gosner stage 35 tadpole of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD0863DBF7AFEF633E6FE95FF38" box="[275,376,151,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Odorrana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="livida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA41863DBF7AFEF633E6FE95FF38" box="[275,376,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C66C3863DBF7AFEF633E6FEC7FF27" box="[275,298,152,175]" name="Iceland" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. livida
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Chiang
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C66C3863DBF7AFDFE33E6FDA0FF27" box="[539,589,152,175]" name="Iceland" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">Dao</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Chiang Mai Province, northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C66C3863DBF7AFC2333E9FBC7FF38" box="[966,1066,151,176]" name="Thailand" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
and reported a LTRF consistent with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5BA2863DBF7AFF2A33C2FE5DFF5D" box="[207,432,188,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="514" refString="Inthara, C., Lauhachinda, V., Nabhaitabhat, J., Chuaynkern, Y. & Kumtong, P. (2005) Mouth part structures and distribution of some tadpole from Thailand. The Thailand National History Museum Journal, 1 (1), 55 - 78." type="journal article">
|
||
Inthara
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA41863DBF7AFEC133C3FEB8FF5D" box="[292,341,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Unfortunately, these studies are confounded by the taxonomic confusion over the identity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD0863DBF7AFF52339EFEF6FF70" box="[183,283,223,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Odorrana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="livida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA41863DBF7AFF52339EFEF6FF70" box="[183,283,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C66C3863DBF7AFF52339EFF23FF7F" box="[183,206,224,247]" name="Iceland" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. livida
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex members and the fact that some species occur in sympatry in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C66C3863DBF7AFBA833A1FB59FF70" box="[1101,1204,223,248]" name="Thailand" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The lack of genetic data in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5BA2863DBF7AFF0D327AFE28FE95" box="[232,453,260,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="514" refString="Inthara, C., Lauhachinda, V., Nabhaitabhat, J., Chuaynkern, Y. & Kumtong, P. (2005) Mouth part structures and distribution of some tadpole from Thailand. The Thailand National History Museum Journal, 1 (1), 55 - 78." type="journal article">
|
||
Inthara
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA41863DBF7AFED8327BFE98FE95" box="[317,373,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5BA2863DBF7AFE1F327AFD57FE94" author="Songchan" box="[506,698,260,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="514" refString="Songchan, R. (2007) External morphological characters of some tadpoles as related to different habitat types in Chiang Dao, Chiang Mai Province. M. S. Thesis, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand, 103 pp." type="book" year="2007">Songchan (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
precludes the use of molecular sequence homology to validate the identification. We found the labial tooth row formula of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD0863DBF7AFCF53256FC65FEC8" box="[784,904,295,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Odorrana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA41863DBF7AFCF53256FC65FEC8" box="[784,904,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C66C3863DBF7AFCF53256FCCAFEB7" box="[784,807,296,319]" name="Iceland" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. aureola
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be the same as that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD0863DBF7AFB423256FAE4FEC8" box="[1191,1289,295,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Odorrana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="livida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA41863DBF7AFB423256FAE4FEC8" box="[1191,1289,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C66C3863DBF7AFB423256FB53FEB7" box="[1191,1214,296,319]" name="Iceland" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. livida
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5BA2863DBF7AFAC83259FF0CFEEC" author="Songchan" pageId="6" pageNumber="514" refString="Songchan, R. (2007) External morphological characters of some tadpoles as related to different habitat types in Chiang Dao, Chiang Mai Province. M. S. Thesis, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand, 103 pp." type="book" year="2007">Songchan (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5BA2863DBF7AFEF23232FE15FEED" box="[279,504,332,357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="514" refString="Inthara, C., Lauhachinda, V., Nabhaitabhat, J., Chuaynkern, Y. & Kumtong, P. (2005) Mouth part structures and distribution of some tadpole from Thailand. The Thailand National History Museum Journal, 1 (1), 55 - 78." type="journal article">
|
||
Inthara
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA41863DBF7AFE883233FE48FEED" box="[365,421,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but we found marginal papillae arranged in a single row not two rows as described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5BA2863DBF7AFF5F3211FE71FE00" box="[186,412,367,392]" pageId="6" pageNumber="514" refString="Inthara, C., Lauhachinda, V., Nabhaitabhat, J., Chuaynkern, Y. & Kumtong, P. (2005) Mouth part structures and distribution of some tadpole from Thailand. The Thailand National History Museum Journal, 1 (1), 55 - 78." type="journal article">
|
||
Inthara
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA41863DBF7AFEF4320FFEAFFE00" box="[273,322,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5BA2863DBF7AFE313211FD7AFE00" author="Songchan" box="[468,663,367,392]" pageId="6" pageNumber="514" refString="Songchan, R. (2007) External morphological characters of some tadpoles as related to different habitat types in Chiang Dao, Chiang Mai Province. M. S. Thesis, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand, 103 pp." type="book" year="2007">Songchan (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. A distinctive larval feature of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD0863DBF7AFC13320EFB82FE00" box="[1014,1135,367,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Odorrana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA41863DBF7AFC13320EFB82FE00" box="[1014,1135,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C66C3863DBF7AFC13320EFBE0FE0F" box="[1014,1037,368,391]" name="Iceland" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. aureola
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to the presence of small golden spots arranged almost linearly along the entire brown to russet colored body. This is differs from previous descriptions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD0863DBF7AFE4832C6FDFCFE58" box="[429,529,439,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Odorrana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="livida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA41863DBF7AFE4832C6FDFCFE58" box="[429,529,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C66C3863DBF7AFE4832C6FE29FE47" box="[429,452,440,463]" name="Iceland" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. livida
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tadpoles, which are described as having scattered small golden or yellow flecks on a gray or dark colored body with some dark spots on the tail muscle. We suggest that the tadpoles described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5BA2863DBF7AFF723281FE93FD90" box="[151,382,511,536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="514" refString="Inthara, C., Lauhachinda, V., Nabhaitabhat, J., Chuaynkern, Y. & Kumtong, P. (2005) Mouth part structures and distribution of some tadpole from Thailand. The Thailand National History Museum Journal, 1 (1), 55 - 78." type="journal article">
|
||
Inthara
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA41863DBF7AFF0A317FFEC7FD90" box="[239,298,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5BA2863DBF7AFE5C3281FD91FD90" author="Songchan" box="[441,636,511,536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="514" refString="Songchan, R. (2007) External morphological characters of some tadpoles as related to different habitat types in Chiang Dao, Chiang Mai Province. M. S. Thesis, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand, 103 pp." type="book" year="2007">Songchan (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
may be those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD0863DBF7AFCA2317EFC0BFD90" box="[839,998,511,536]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Odorrana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chloronota">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA41863DBF7AFCA2317EFC0BFD90" box="[839,998,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C66C3863DBF7AFCA2317EFCB3FD9F" box="[839,862,512,535]" name="Iceland" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. chloronota
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but additional studies are required to confirm this.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |