treatments-xml/data/03/B8/9C/03B89C633C24FFB19384FB81B8C0FD4F.xml

<document id="1AFC189A1ABB2FFD79DAE191488F3AD5" ID-CLB-Dataset="281820" ID-DOI="10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2023v44a11" ID-GBIF-Dataset="247111ae-aa1f-4bb3-9ff2-32962a6a114c" ID-ISSN="1776-100X" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10520228" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="jonas" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.metadata_approvedBy="jonas" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="jonas" IM.treatments_approvedBy="jonas" checkinTime="1702117745446" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bera, Ishika &amp; Das, Kanad" docDate="2023" docId="03B89C633C24FFB19384FB81B8C0FD4F" docLanguage="en" docName="mycologie.2023.44.11.pdf" docOrigin="Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (11)" docSource="https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/mycologie2023v44a11.pdf" docStyle="DocumentStyle:81F49AB8619EB7E5D11A6328441E2653.4:CryptogamieMycologie.2019-.journal_article" docStyleId="81F49AB8619EB7E5D11A6328441E2653" docStyleName="CryptogamieMycologie.2019-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Lactarius madhuriensis Bera &amp; Das 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="157" masterDocId="FF81E41B3C2DFFBD9045FF95BB31FFBD" masterDocTitle="Two new species of genus Lactarius Pers. (Russulaceae) from Arunachal Pradesh, India" masterLastPageNumber="158" masterPageNumber="147" pageNumber="154" updateTime="1705437153403" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="17A9B3340B2539B3222177900A9E6776">Two new species of genus Lactarius Pers. (Russulaceae) from Arunachal Pradesh, India</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="56750235F8E37E301BB66548A4045DDF">Bera, Ishika</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E9A7EEED851FA51E063249881148F73D">Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, 333 M. 1, T. Thasud, Muang, Chiang Rai 57100 (Thailand) iamishika 6 @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9DC8278C35675B8093E113A369F7E20A">Das, Kanad</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A0AA557F89CD9BC5BA4A42E109895795">Central National Herbarium, Botanical Survey of India, P. O. Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103 (India) daskanadbsi @ gmail. com (corresponding author)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="0770090B7E718FE533950D109512AF0C">Cryptogamie, Mycologie</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="80184885B97E82C66510348C14520F86">2023</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1156F63C24FFB49384FB81BF8EFB92" authority="Bera &amp; Das, 2023" authorityName="Bera &amp; Das" authorityYear="2023" box="[961,1215,1044,1071]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="9" pageNumber="154" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="madhuriensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B965F1673C24FFB49384FB81BF8EFB92" bold="true" box="[961,1215,1044,1071]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="154">Lactarius madhuriensis</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2564C1C3C24FFB49483FB80BE2AFB92" box="[1222,1307,1045,1071]" pageId="9" pageNumber="154" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="8BAE2D753C24FFB49472FBA1BF94FBF3" blockId="9.[1079,1189,1076,1103]" box="[1079,1189,1076,1103]" pageId="9" pageNumber="154">
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(
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; 
<figureCitation id="132A31F03C24FFB494CBFBA1BFADFBF3" box="[1166,1180,1076,1102]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[132,143,1772,1790]" captionTargetBox="[261,1327,215,1727]" captionTargetId="figure-98@11.[261,1327,215,1727]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 6. — Line drawing of Lactarius madhuriensis sp. nov.(holo-, CAL[CAL 1899]):A, fresh basidiomata in the field and basecamp;B, basidiospore;C, pleuromac- rocystidia; D, cheilomacrocystidia; E, basidia; F, pleuropesudocystidia; G, transverse section through pileipellis. Scale bars: B, 2 μm; C-G, 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10520240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10520240/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="154">6</figureCitation>
)
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A medium-sized 
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<emphasis id="B965F1673C24FFB4939FFBFBBF03FB38" box="[986,1074,1134,1157]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="154">Lactarius</emphasis>
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with the umbonate, brownish orange pileus, light brown stipe, watery white latex turning yellowish and occurring in association with 
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<emphasis id="B965F1673C24FFB49408FB37BF4FFB07" box="[1101,1150,1186,1210]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="154">Abies</emphasis>
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.
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. — 
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<collectingCountry id="F3066DE53C24FFB49387FB46B8C6FB56" box="[962,1015,1235,1259]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="154">India</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
. 
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, 
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(
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), 
<collectingCounty id="62CF55F93C24FFB49334FB78BF3FFAB9" box="[881,1038,1260,1285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="154">Tawang district</collectingCounty>
, 
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, 
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, alt. 
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a.s.l.
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, scattered on moss bed in association with 
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in sub-alpine forest, 
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<collectingDate id="EFEBF25D3C24FFB4932BFAB4B8DDFA84" box="[878,1004,1313,1337]" pageId="9" pageNumber="154" value="2021-07-26">26.VII.2021</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="26E448A33C24FFB493B0FAB7BF08FA84" box="[1013,1081,1314,1337]" pageId="9" pageNumber="154">I. Bera</collectorName>
, 
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<specimenCode id="DBB7850E3C24FFB49404FAB7BF97FA84" box="[1089,1190,1313,1337]" collectionCode="IB" country="Austria" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15055" name="Universität Innsbruck" pageId="9" pageNumber="154" type="Herbarium">IB 21-032</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
(holo-, 
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[
<specimenCode id="DBB7850E3C24FFB4956FFAB4BEA8FA84" box="[1322,1433,1313,1337]" collectionCode="CAL" country="India" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12692" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12692" name="Botanical Survey of India" pageId="9" pageNumber="154" type="Herbarium">CAL 1899</specimenCode>
]!).
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. — 
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<collectingCountry id="F3066DE53C24FFB494F5FAC7BFD5FAD7" box="[1200,1252,1362,1386]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="154">India</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
. 
<collectingRegion id="49D5E3973C24FFB494B4FAC4BE9DFAD4" box="[1265,1452,1361,1385]" country="India" name="Arunachal Pradesh" pageId="9" pageNumber="154">Arunachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCAB70F3C24FFB49368FAFEB888FA3E" box="[813,953,1387,1411]" pageId="9" pageNumber="154">Sangestar Tso</collectingMunicipality>
(
<location id="8ECE7BAE3C24FFB4938DFAFEBF53FA3E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B89C633C24FFB19384FB81B8C0FD4F:8ECE7BAE3C24FFB4938DFAFEBF53FA3E" box="[968,1122,1387,1411]" country="India" latitude="27.721266" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="91.82635" municipality="Sangestar Tso" name="Madhuri Lake" pageId="9" pageNumber="154" stateProvince="Arunachal Pradesh">Madhuri Lake</location>
), 
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district, 
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, 
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, alt. 
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a.s.l., scattered on moss bed in association with 
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in sub-alpine forest, 
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</date>
, 
<collectorName id="26E448A33C24FFB49546FA34BE75FA05" box="[1283,1348,1441,1464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="154">I. Bera</collectorName>
, 
<emphasis id="B965F1673C24FFB4950EFA34BE9FFA05" box="[1355,1454,1440,1464]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="154">IB 21-035</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED00B5B03C24FFB49376FA2EB854FA6E" box="[819,869,1467,1491]" country="India" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12692" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12692" name="Botanical Survey of India" pageId="9" pageNumber="154" type="Herbarium">CAL</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="DBB7850E3C24FFB4932FFA2EB8EBFA6E" box="[874,986,1467,1491]" pageId="9" pageNumber="154">CAL 1900</specimenCode>
])
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B7EFE3C24FFB49368FA7EBF99F9A0" pageId="9" pageNumber="154" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BAE2D753C24FFB49368FA7EBF99F9A0" blockId="9.[811,1454,1514,1565]" pageId="9" pageNumber="154">
<smallCapsWord id="8D48BBA93C24FFB49368FA7EB897F9BC" baselines="1532,1533" box="[813,934,1515,1538]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Etymology" pageId="9" pageNumber="154">ETYMOLOGY</smallCapsWord>
. — Referring to the 
<typeStatus id="54AA93D73C24FFB49435FA7EBFABF9BE" box="[1136,1178,1515,1539]" pageId="9" pageNumber="154">type</typeStatus>
locality Sangestar Tso which is famously known as “Madhuri” Lake.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B7EFE3C24FFB49368F9A1BF7BF90C" pageId="9" pageNumber="154" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAE2D753C24FFB49368F9A1B891F93C" blockId="9.[811,1456,1588,1665]" pageId="9" pageNumber="154">
<smallCapsWord id="8D48BBA93C24FFB49368F9A1B8BCF9F6" baselines="1606,1606" box="[813,909,1588,1612]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Gen" pageId="9" pageNumber="154">GENBANK</smallCapsWord>
. — OP808232 (nrITS, 
<typeStatus id="54AA93D73C24FFB49434F9A1BFF7F9F1" box="[1137,1222,1588,1612]" pageId="9" pageNumber="154" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
) andOP808233 (nrITS, 
<emphasis id="B965F1673C24FFB4936EF9DAB8BCF9DA" box="[811,909,1615,1639]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="154">IB 21-035</emphasis>
), OP811194 (nrLSU, 
<typeStatus id="54AA93D73C24FFB49423F9DABF8DF9DA" box="[1126,1212,1615,1639]" pageId="9" pageNumber="154" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
) and OP811195 (nrLSU, 
<emphasis id="B965F1673C24FFB4936EF9FFB8A1F93C" box="[811,912,1641,1665]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="154">IB 21-035</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE2D753C24FFB49368F90CBF7BF90C" blockId="9.[813,1098,1689,1713]" box="[813,1098,1689,1713]" pageId="9" pageNumber="154">
<smallCapsWord id="8D48BBA93C24FFB49368F90CB8AFF912" baselines="1706,1707" box="[813,926,1689,1712]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Mycobank" pageId="9" pageNumber="154">MYCOBANK</smallCapsWord>
. — MB 848907.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B7EFE3C24FFB49368F95CB8DAF8A8" pageId="9" pageNumber="154" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BAE2D753C24FFB49368F95CB8DAF8A8" blockId="9.[813,1456,1736,1813]" pageId="9" pageNumber="154">
<smallCapsWord id="8D48BBA93C24FFB49368F95CB8B5F962" baselines="1754,1755" box="[813,900,1737,1760]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Habitat" pageId="9" pageNumber="154">HABITAT</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D48BBA93C24FFB493C9F95BB887F962" baselines="1755" box="[908,950,1742,1759]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="and" pageId="9" pageNumber="154">AND</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D48BBA93C24FFB493F8F95BBF77F962" baselines="1755" box="[957,1094,1742,1759]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="distribution" pageId="9" pageNumber="154">DISTRIBUTION</smallCapsWord>
. — Growing scattered on moss bed in association with 
<taxonomicName id="4C1156F63C24FFB493AEF976BF2DF946" box="[1003,1052,1763,1787]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="154" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965F1673C24FFB493AEF976BF2DF946" box="[1003,1052,1763,1787]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="154">Abies</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in sub-alpine forest of Tawang district of 
<collectingRegion id="49D5E3973C24FFB49368F968B8D6F8A8" box="[813,999,1789,1813]" country="India" name="Arunachal Pradesh" pageId="9" pageNumber="154">Arunachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B7EFE3C24FFB19368F8C7B9B1FC72" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="157" pageId="9" pageNumber="154" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAE2D753C24FFB49368F8C7B88CF8D7" blockId="9.[813,957,1874,1900]" box="[813,957,1874,1900]" pageId="9" pageNumber="154">
<heading id="D0E69A193C24FFB49368F8C7B88CF8D7" box="[813,957,1874,1900]" fontSize="9" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="154" reason="5">
<smallCapsWord id="8D48BBA93C24FFB49368F8C7B88CF8D7" baselines="1893,1893" box="[813,957,1874,1900]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Description" pageId="9" pageNumber="154">DESCRIPTION</smallCapsWord>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE2D753C24FFB69368F8E4BF2AF816" blockId="9.[811,1454,1905,2028]" lastBlockId="11.[809,1457,1873,2028]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="156" pageId="9" pageNumber="154">
Pileus 
<quantity id="4CE980903C24FFB49334F8E4B8D2F831" box="[881,995,1905,1932]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="154" unit="mm" value="30.0" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="15.0">15-45 mm</quantity>
in diam., convex with a central umbo when young, gradually becoming planoconvex to infundibuliform, center with a broad shallow depression and an umbo; surface moist, viscid, smooth; brownish orange (7C6) with darker at the central region gradually becoming greyish orange to orange (6B4-6) and paler towards the margin; brittle in consistency; margin incurved, wavy, regular. Lamellae decurrent, rather crowded (17-18 L+l/cm at pilear margin), sometimes forked; lamellulae in five series; orange white to pale orange (5A2-3) turning brownish on maturity; edge entire. Stipe 30-55× 
<quantity id="4CE980903C27FFB793C6F824B8D1F871" box="[899,992,1969,1996]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="155" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2-5 mm</quantity>
, central, cylindrical, longitudinally striate, striation translucent; combination of light brown and brown (6D 
<geoCoordinate id="EE254BB23C26FFB690F6F8C4BBDDF8D1" box="[179,236,1873,1900]" degrees="5, 7" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="156" precision="5555" value="5.7">5, 7E</geoCoordinate>
7). Context thin at pileus, hollow in stipe, concolorous to stipe, turning faint yellow with 3% KOH after one minute, no change with FeSO4 and immediately becoming greyish turquoise (24E5) with guaiac. Latex moderate, watery white changing to yellowish after few minutes, chalky when dry, turning exposed lamellae brownish after few minutes, bitter. Taste astringent. Odor mild pleasant. Spore print chalky white (1A1-2).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6E7DFD3C27FFB790C1F96EB861F886" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10520238" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10520238" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10520238/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="155" startId="10.[132,143,1787,1805]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1742]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BAE2D753C27FFB790C1F96EB861F886" blockId="10.[132,1457,1787,1851]" pageId="10" pageNumber="155">
<smallCapsWord id="8D48BBA93C27FFB790C1F96EBBACF8B1" baselines="1800,1801" box="[132,157,1787,1805]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="10" pageNumber="155">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 5. — Photoplate of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1156F63C27FFB79115F96EB920F8B0" authority="Bera &amp; Das, 2023" authorityName="Bera &amp; Das" authorityYear="2023" box="[336,529,1787,1805]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="10" pageNumber="155" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="madhuriensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B965F1673C27FFB79115F96EB920F8B0" box="[336,529,1787,1805]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="155">Lactarius madhuriensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2564C1C3C27FFB79252F96EB96DF8B0" box="[535,604,1787,1805]" pageId="10" pageNumber="155" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(holo-, CAL[CAL 1899]): 
<emphasis id="B965F1673C27FFB7936AF96EB80DF8B0" bold="true" box="[815,828,1787,1805]" pageId="10" pageNumber="155">A</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B965F1673C27FFB7930DF96EB864F8B0" bold="true" box="[840,853,1787,1805]" pageId="10" pageNumber="155">B</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B965F1673C27FFB79324F96EB85EF8B0" bold="true" box="[865,879,1787,1805]" pageId="10" pageNumber="155">D</emphasis>
, fresh basidiomata in the field and basecamp; 
<emphasis id="B965F1673C27FFB79544F96EBE3EF8B0" bold="true" box="[1281,1295,1787,1805]" pageId="10" pageNumber="155">C</emphasis>
, latex on lamellae; 
<emphasis id="B965F1673C27FFB790C1F887BBA1F899" bold="true" box="[132,144,1810,1828]" pageId="10" pageNumber="155">E</emphasis>
, macrochemical reaction with guaiac; 
<emphasis id="B965F1673C27FFB79194F887BAEDF899" bold="true" box="[465,476,1810,1828]" pageId="10" pageNumber="155">F</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B965F1673C27FFB791A2F887BAC4F899" bold="true" box="[487,501,1810,1828]" pageId="10" pageNumber="155">G</emphasis>
, transverse section through pileipellis; 
<emphasis id="B965F1673C27FFB7937FF887B851F899" bold="true" box="[826,864,1810,1828]" pageId="10" pageNumber="155">H -M</emphasis>
, pleuromacrocystidia; 
<emphasis id="B965F1673C27FFB7945BF887BF1DF899" bold="true" box="[1054,1068,1810,1828]" pageId="10" pageNumber="155">N</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B965F1673C27FFB79473F887BF74F899" bold="true" box="[1078,1093,1810,1828]" pageId="10" pageNumber="155">O</emphasis>
, cheilomacrocystidia; 
<emphasis id="B965F1673C27FFB79545F887BE3DF899" bold="true" box="[1280,1292,1810,1828]" pageId="10" pageNumber="155">P</emphasis>
, transverse section through stipitipellis; 
<emphasis id="B965F1673C27FFB79169F8BCBA0AF886" bold="true" box="[300,315,1833,1851]" pageId="10" pageNumber="155">Q</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B965F1673C27FFB79100F8BCBA63F886" bold="true" box="[325,338,1833,1851]" pageId="10" pageNumber="155">R</emphasis>
, basidiospore. Scale bars: F-O, 10 μm; P, 20 μm; Q, R, 1 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6E7DFD3C26FFB690C1F979BE71F8A9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10520240" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10520240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10520240/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="156" startId="11.[132,143,1772,1790]" targetBox="[261,1327,215,1727]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BAE2D753C26FFB690C1F979BE71F8A9" blockId="11.[132,1455,1771,1812]" pageId="11" pageNumber="156">
<smallCapsWord id="8D48BBA93C26FFB690C1F979BBACF941" baselines="1785,1785" box="[132,157,1772,1790]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="11" pageNumber="156">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 6. — Line drawing of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1156F63C26FFB69110F979B923F943" authority="Bera &amp; Das, 2023" authorityName="Bera &amp; Das" authorityYear="2023" box="[341,530,1772,1790]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="11" pageNumber="156" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="madhuriensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B965F1673C26FFB69110F979B923F943" box="[341,530,1772,1790]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="156">Lactarius madhuriensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2564C1C3C26FFB69252F979B968F943" box="[535,601,1772,1790]" pageId="11" pageNumber="156" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(holo-, CAL[CAL 1899]): 
<emphasis id="B965F1673C26FFB69367F979B81EF943" bold="true" box="[802,815,1772,1790]" pageId="11" pageNumber="156">A</emphasis>
, fresh basidiomata in the field and basecamp; 
<emphasis id="B965F1673C26FFB694E8F979BF8BF943" bold="true" box="[1197,1210,1772,1790]" pageId="11" pageNumber="156">B</emphasis>
, basidiospore; 
<emphasis id="B965F1673C26FFB6957DF97EBE77F940" bold="true" box="[1336,1350,1771,1789]" pageId="11" pageNumber="156">C</emphasis>
, pleuromacrocystidia; 
<emphasis id="B965F1673C26FFB6909AF897BBDCF8A9" bold="true" box="[223,237,1794,1812]" pageId="11" pageNumber="156">D</emphasis>
, cheilomacrocystidia; 
<emphasis id="B965F1673C26FFB691EDF897BA85F8A9" bold="true" box="[424,436,1794,1812]" pageId="11" pageNumber="156">E</emphasis>
, basidia; 
<emphasis id="B965F1673C26FFB69241F897B93EF8A9" bold="true" box="[516,527,1794,1812]" pageId="11" pageNumber="156">F</emphasis>
, pleuropesudocystidia; 
<emphasis id="B965F1673C26FFB69292F897B9D4F8A9" bold="true" box="[727,741,1794,1812]" pageId="11" pageNumber="156">G</emphasis>
, transverse section through pileipellis. Scale bars: B, 2 μm; C-G, 10 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAE2D753C26FFB19306F824B9B1FC72" blockId="11.[809,1457,1873,2028]" lastBlockId="12.[130,777,215,975]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="157" pageId="11" pageNumber="156">Basidiospores 7.2-8.1-8.9(9.6)×5.2-6.3-6.9(7.6) µm, (n=40, Q = 1.11-1.30-1.50[1.54]), usually subglobose to ellipsoid; ornamentation amyloid; up to 0.9 µm high, irregular to linear warts sometimes connected with low ridges but never forming complete reticulum, presence of isolated warts; suprahilar spot inamyloid. Basidia 35-46 × 9-11 µm, subclavate, 4-spored; sterigmata up to 8.7× 1.6 µm. Pleuromacrocystidia abundant, 73.4-112.9 × 6.3-9.7 µm, emergent up to 44.7 µm, cylindric to subcylindric with fusoid, subfusoid, mucronate to appendiculated apices, rarely branched, originating from subhymenium region. Pleuropseudocystidia up to 2.3-2.8 µm wide, mostly non-emergent, cylindrical to sometimes tortuous at apex, rarely branched. Lamellae edge heteromorphous with basidia, basidioles and cystidia. Cheilomacrocystidia 39-51.1× 3.8-6 µm, emergent up to 21.8 µm, cylindric to subcylindric with rounded, fusoid, subfusoid to appendiculate apices. Subhymenium up to 20.13 µm thick, pseudoparenchymatous. Lamellar trama composed of lactifers, sphaerocytes, and connecting hyphae. Pileipellis up to 126 µm thick, hyphoepithelium; suprapellis composed of multiseptated, mostly repent hyphae (12.2-55 ×2-3.1 µm); subpellis pseudoparenchymatous composed of rounded to elongated or somewhat irregularly shaped cells (12.9-31.4× 8-13 µm). Stipitipellis up to 65 µm thick, hyphoepithelium; suprapellis composed of hyphal elements; subpellis is of rounded to elongated to somewhat irregularly shaped cells.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B7EFE3C21FFB190C1FC60B8C0FD4F" pageId="12" pageNumber="157" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BAE2D753C21FFB190C1FC60BBFEFBB0" blockId="12.[132,207,1013,1039]" box="[132,207,1013,1039]" pageId="12" pageNumber="157">
<heading id="D0E69A193C21FFB190C1FC60BBFEFBB0" box="[132,207,1013,1039]" fontSize="9" level="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="157" reason="5">
<smallCapsWord id="8D48BBA93C21FFB190C1FC60BBFEFBB0" baselines="1032,1032" box="[132,207,1013,1039]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Notes" pageId="12" pageNumber="157">NOTES</smallCapsWord>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE2D753C21FFB190C1FB81BAFEFAF0" blockId="12.[130,777,1044,2028]" pageId="12" pageNumber="157">
The somewhat sticky, brownish orange colored pileus with watery white latex turning yellowish on drying and pileipellis of hyphoepithelium nature are typical features of subg. 
<taxonomicName id="4C1156F63C21FFB19081FBE1BA1EFB33" box="[196,303,1140,1166]" pageId="12" pageNumber="158" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Russularia">
<emphasis id="B965F1673C21FFB19081FBE1BA1EFB33" box="[196,303,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="157">Russularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8050843C21FFB1917AFBE1B9B7FB33" author="HEILMANN-CLAUSEN J. &amp; VERBEKEN A. &amp; VESTERHOLT J." box="[319,646,1140,1166]" pageId="12" pageNumber="157" refId="ref6597" refString="HEILMANN-CLAUSEN J., VERBEKEN A. &amp; VESTERHOLT J. 1998. - The genus Lactarius. The Danish Mycological Society, Odense, 287 p." type="book" year="1998">
Heilmann-Clausen 
<emphasis id="B965F1673C21FFB19251FBE0B976FB33" box="[532,583,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="157">et al.</emphasis>
1998
</bibRefCitation>
) which also correspond to the studied species. The unique characters of the novel species are planoconvex to infundibuliform shaped, umbonate, brownish orange, moist pileus with longitudinally striate light brownish stipe; latex changing to yellowish and turning exposed area brownish; positive reaction with guaiac and hyphoepithelial pileipellis.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE2D753C21FFB190DEFAC6B9ADF811" blockId="12.[130,777,1044,2028]" pageId="12" pageNumber="157">
The described species is quite identical to European 
<taxonomicName id="4C1156F63C21FFB190C1FAE1BABFFA30" authority="(Pers.) Gray" authorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityName="Pers." box="[132,398,1395,1421]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="12" pageNumber="157" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="subdulcis">
<emphasis id="B965F1673C21FFB190C1FAE1BA33FA30" box="[132,258,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="157">L. subdulcis</emphasis>
(Pers.) Gray
</taxonomicName>
, due to its small to medium-sized fruitbodies with similar colored convex to funnel shaped pileus, white bitter tasting latex, alike sized and ornamented basidiospores, similar pleuro- and cheilomacrocystidia. However, occassionally forked lamellae, wider stipe (25-65× 
<quantity id="4CE980903C21FFB192D1FA66B9CBF9B0" box="[660,762,1523,1549]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="12" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="4.0">4-18 mm</quantity>
), white unchanging latex, shorter cystidia of both lamellar face (40-90[-105] × 6-12 µm) and edge ([15-]20-35× 4-8 µm), pileipellis oedotrichoderm and occurrence with 
<taxonomicName id="4C1156F63C21FFB192CCF9C6B9F2F9D1" box="[649,707,1619,1644]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="157" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965F1673C21FFB192CCF9C6B9F2F9D1" box="[649,707,1619,1644]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="157">Fagus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. are the striking differences possessed by 
<taxonomicName id="4C1156F63C21FFB19253F9E6B9A0F931" box="[534,657,1650,1676]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="12" pageNumber="157" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="subdulcis">
<emphasis id="B965F1673C21FFB19253F9E6B9A0F931" box="[534,657,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="157">L. subdulcis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that make it distinct from the current species (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8050843C21FFB19244F907BB8FF971" author="HEILMANN-CLAUSEN J. &amp; VERBEKEN A. &amp; VESTERHOLT J." pageId="12" pageNumber="157" refId="ref6597" refString="HEILMANN-CLAUSEN J., VERBEKEN A. &amp; VESTERHOLT J. 1998. - The genus Lactarius. The Danish Mycological Society, Odense, 287 p." type="book" year="1998">
Heilmann-Clausen 
<emphasis id="B965F1673C21FFB19290F906B836F911" box="[725,775,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="157">et al.</emphasis>
1998
</bibRefCitation>
). Another European 
<taxonomicName id="4C1156F63C21FFB191F4F926B923F971" baseAuthorityName="Hesler &amp; Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[433,530,1715,1740]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="12" pageNumber="157" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965F1673C21FFB191F4F926B923F971" box="[433,530,1715,1740]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="157">Lactarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1156F63C21FFB19264F926B987F970" authority="Fr." authorityName="Fr." box="[545,694,1714,1741]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="12" pageNumber="157" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="tabidus">
<emphasis id="B965F1673C21FFB19264F926B9BFF971" box="[545,654,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="157">L. tabidus</emphasis>
Fr.
</taxonomicName>
can be confused with the studied species for similar characters such as orange brownish pileus with persistent umbo, latex turning pale yellow, astringent taste and hyphoepithelial pileipellis. But the radially wrinkled cap in matured basidiomata, basidiospores with mostly isolated acute warty ornamentation, and its association with 
<taxonomicName id="4C1156F63C21FFB19108F8E4BABEF836" box="[333,399,1905,1931]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="157" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965F1673C21FFB19108F8E4BABEF836" box="[333,399,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="157">Betula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, clearly distinguish the former from the latter species (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8050843C21FFB19100F804B9BCF816" author="HEILMANN-CLAUSEN J. &amp; VERBEKEN A. &amp; VESTERHOLT J." box="[325,653,1937,1963]" pageId="12" pageNumber="157" refId="ref6597" refString="HEILMANN-CLAUSEN J., VERBEKEN A. &amp; VESTERHOLT J. 1998. - The genus Lactarius. The Danish Mycological Society, Odense, 287 p." type="book" year="1998">
Heilmann-Clausen 
<emphasis id="B965F1673C21FFB1925FF807B97CF816" box="[538,589,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="157">et al.</emphasis>
1998
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE2D753C21FFB190DEF824BE9EFD8C" blockId="12.[130,777,1044,2028]" lastBlockId="12.[811,1456,215,754]" pageId="12" pageNumber="157">
The Indian species, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1156F63C21FFB19126F827B836F871" authority="Verbeken &amp; Van de Putte" authorityName="Verbeken &amp; Van de Putte" box="[355,775,1969,1996]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="12" pageNumber="157" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="lachungensis">
<emphasis id="B965F1673C21FFB19126F827BACBF876" box="[355,506,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="157">L. lachungensis</emphasis>
Verbeken &amp; Van de Putte
</taxonomicName>
also can be confused with the studied species for its unicolored warm orange-brownish basidiomata and similar habitat. Yet the distant (12 L+l/cm), never forking lamellae, unchanging latex, and the ixohyphoepithelium to ixotrichoepithelium pileipellis clearly separate 
<taxonomicName id="4C1156F63C21FFB19406FEADBFEEFEEC" box="[1091,1247,311,337]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="12" pageNumber="157" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="lachungensis">
<emphasis id="B965F1673C21FFB19406FEADBFEEFEEC" box="[1091,1247,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="157">L. lachungensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the discussed species (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8050843C21FFB193CDFEC2BFEEFECC" author="WISITRASSAMEEWONG K. &amp; LOONEY B. P. &amp; LE H. T. &amp; DE CROP E. &amp; DAS K. &amp; VAN DE PUTTE K. &amp; EBERHARDT U. &amp; JIAYU G. &amp; STUBBE D. &amp; HYDE K. D. &amp; VERBEKEN A. &amp; NUYTINCK J." box="[904,1247,343,369]" pageId="12" pageNumber="157" pagination="1554 - 1581" refId="ref7655" refString="WISITRASSAMEEWONG K., LOONEY B. P., LE H. T., DE CROP E., DAS K., VAN DE PUTTE K., EBERHARDT U., JIAYU G., STUBBE D., HYDE K. D., VERBEKEN A. &amp; NUYTINCK J. 2016. - Lactarius subgenus Russularia (Basidiomycota, Russulales): novel Asian species, worldwide phylogeny and evolutionary relationships. Fungal Biology 120 (12): 1554 - 1581. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. funbio. 2016.08.004" type="journal article" year="2016">
Wisitrassameewong 
<emphasis id="B965F1673C21FFB19422FECDBFACFECC" box="[1127,1181,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="157">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
). The yellowing of the latex is shared by another Indian species, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1156F63C21FFB19556FEE2B8CAFE0C" authority="Verbeken &amp; K. Das" authorityName="Verbeken &amp; K. Das" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="12" pageNumber="157" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="flavigalactus">
<emphasis id="B965F1673C21FFB19556FEE2BE9EFE2C" box="[1299,1455,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="157">L. flavigalactus</emphasis>
Verbeken &amp; K.Das
</taxonomicName>
, but other specific characters like reddish brown basidiomata, ornamentation of the basidiospores with irregular ridges forming incomplete reticulum and the ixocutis nature of pileipellis clearly differentiate 
<taxonomicName id="4C1156F63C21FFB19556FE62BE81FDAD" box="[1299,1456,502,528]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="12" pageNumber="157" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="flavigalactus">
<emphasis id="B965F1673C21FFB19556FE62BE81FDAD" box="[1299,1456,502,528]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="157">L. flavigalactus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the described species (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8050843C21FFB19411FD83BE91FD8D" author="WISITRASSAMEEWONG K. &amp; LOONEY B. P. &amp; LE H. T. &amp; DE CROP E. &amp; DAS K. &amp; VAN DE PUTTE K. &amp; EBERHARDT U. &amp; JIAYU G. &amp; STUBBE D. &amp; HYDE K. D. &amp; VERBEKEN A. &amp; NUYTINCK J." box="[1108,1440,534,560]" pageId="12" pageNumber="157" pagination="1554 - 1581" refId="ref7655" refString="WISITRASSAMEEWONG K., LOONEY B. P., LE H. T., DE CROP E., DAS K., VAN DE PUTTE K., EBERHARDT U., JIAYU G., STUBBE D., HYDE K. D., VERBEKEN A. &amp; NUYTINCK J. 2016. - Lactarius subgenus Russularia (Basidiomycota, Russulales): novel Asian species, worldwide phylogeny and evolutionary relationships. Fungal Biology 120 (12): 1554 - 1581. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. funbio. 2016.08.004" type="journal article" year="2016">
Wisitrassameewong 
<emphasis id="B965F1673C21FFB1956AFD82BE53FD8D" box="[1327,1378,534,560]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="157">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE2D753C21FFB19306FDADB8C0FD4F" blockId="12.[811,1456,215,754]" pageId="12" pageNumber="157">
Although 
<taxonomicName id="4C1156F63C21FFB193F4FDACBFCDFDEF" authority="Van de Putte &amp; K. Das" authorityName="Van de Putte &amp; K. Das" box="[945,1276,568,594]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="12" pageNumber="157" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="atrii">
<emphasis id="B965F1673C21FFB193F4FDACB8CFFDEF" box="[945,1022,569,594]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="157">L. atrii</emphasis>
Van de Putte &amp; K.Das
</taxonomicName>
(described from 
<collectingCountry id="F3066DE53C21FFB1936BFDCDB859FDCF" box="[814,872,600,626]" name="India" pageId="12" pageNumber="157">India</collectingCountry>
) (
<figureCitation id="132A31F03C21FFB19339FDCDB889FDCF" box="[892,952,600,626]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1630,1648]" captionTargetBox="[252,1334,214,1534]" captionTargetId="graphics-244@6.[252,1334,215,1535]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Phylogram inferred from Maximum Likelihood (ML) analysis by raxmlGUI 2.0 and Bayesian Inference by Mr.Bayes v. 3.2.6 based on nrITS and nrLSU sequence data. Sequences derived from the novel Indian species are presented in red and bold and the respective clade is highlighted in yellow. Maximum Likelihood bootstrap support values (MLbs) ≥70% are shown on the left of “/” and Bayesian Posterior Probabilities (BPP) ≥ 0.95 are shown on the right or below of “/” at nodes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10520232" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10520232/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="157">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) is phylogenetically close to the studied species, morphological dissimilarities such as light brown basidiocarps with unchanging mild-tasting latex and ixocutis nature of pileipellis visibly distinguish the two species (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8050843C21FFB19548FD22B8D3FD4C" author="WISITRASSAMEEWONG K. &amp; LOONEY B. P. &amp; LE H. T. &amp; DE CROP E. &amp; DAS K. &amp; VAN DE PUTTE K. &amp; EBERHARDT U. &amp; JIAYU G. &amp; STUBBE D. &amp; HYDE K. D. &amp; VERBEKEN A. &amp; NUYTINCK J." pageId="12" pageNumber="157" pagination="1554 - 1581" refId="ref7655" refString="WISITRASSAMEEWONG K., LOONEY B. P., LE H. T., DE CROP E., DAS K., VAN DE PUTTE K., EBERHARDT U., JIAYU G., STUBBE D., HYDE K. D., VERBEKEN A. &amp; NUYTINCK J. 2016. - Lactarius subgenus Russularia (Basidiomycota, Russulales): novel Asian species, worldwide phylogeny and evolutionary relationships. Fungal Biology 120 (12): 1554 - 1581. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. funbio. 2016.08.004" type="journal article" year="2016">
Wisitrassameewong 
<emphasis id="B965F1673C21FFB1932AFD4DB893FD4C" box="[879,930,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="157">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>