495 lines
74 KiB
XML
495 lines
74 KiB
XML
<document id="66D1CCA81AE98E81E24AD4885C08FE98" ID-CLB-Dataset="160069" ID-DOI="10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a28" ID-GBIF-Dataset="72def8b5-32ce-44ea-9b40-28a3d239c00c" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7145305" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2611B0BC-F569-4135-A09C-6E527C2565A4" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1664918879762" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Gentis, Nicolas, Licht, Alexis, Boura, Anaïs, Aung, Dario De Franceschi Zaw Win Day Wa & Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume" docDate="2022" docId="03B787F6A229FF9B89EDFA0EE48BEFAD" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.44.28.853-909.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 44 (28)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00.4:Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Plantae" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="894" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EA200FFB08864FFDDE74BEA43" masterDocTitle="Fossil wood from the lower Miocene of Myanmar (Natma Formation): palaeoenvironmental and biogeographic implications" masterLastPageNumber="909" masterPageNumber="853" pageNumber="892" updateTime="1699387669439" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="4E009C5A61094ED8B7E53119968C274D">
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<mods:title id="9C5649C3729ED49F5043029A12DE2937">Fossil wood from the lower Miocene of Myanmar (Natma Formation): palaeoenvironmental and biogeographic implications</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FA87F63276FAF935F307942E7C8CB33F">Gentis, Nicolas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5308D2B9797444DC6908FD9FC312FAA0">Licht, Alexis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CEE33DFFEF906E2413097D79BD7BE20D">Boura, Anaïs</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="30D5E532A7BA2F8E793A4CB6ADA2BC5D" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="C98B13E2BE62192C43A5C53A5B7568E4">Aung, Dario De Franceschi Zaw Win Day Wa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9D24F18E95A4CA4A4DB1250C5F8ADE7B">Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B7C28E963BC275B56B9B1C801A4A8267">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="9551B7AF51831F867DCFC3E06C8A5EA7">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="79ADAB144AF32C2FFFCFD047A68411CA">2022-09-29</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03B787F6A229FF9B89EDFA0EE48BEFAD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7157577" ID-GBIF-Taxon="202152078" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7157577" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6A229FF9B89EDFA0EE48BEFAD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6A229FF9B89EDFA0EE48BEFAD" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="894" pageId="41" pageNumber="892">
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<subSubSection id="C304656BA229FF9989EDFA0EE549EFAE" box="[393,514,1491,1517]" pageId="41" pageNumber="892" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0A229FF9989EDFA0EE549EFAE" blockId="41.[386,521,1491,1549]" box="[393,514,1491,1517]" pageId="41" pageNumber="892">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A229FF9989EDFA0EE6A2EFAE" ID-CoL="P" box="[393,489,1491,1517]" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="41" pageNumber="892" rank="kingdom">indet. sp</taxonomicName>
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. 1
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C304656BA229FF9989E6FA2EE542EC4E" box="[386,521,1523,1549]" pageId="41" pageNumber="892" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0A229FF9989E6FA2EE542EC4E" blockId="41.[386,521,1491,1549]" box="[386,521,1523,1549]" pageId="41" pageNumber="892">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13252A65A229FF9989EFFA2EE69CEC4E" box="[395,471,1523,1549]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="42.[132,157,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-27@42.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIG. 20. — Indet. sp. 1, MNHN.F.50199 (A-F): A, Ts, vessels and few vasicentric parenchyma, solitary secretory canals (arrows) or in short tangential lines, surrounded by parenchyma,remarkably bigger than vessels;B, C, Tls,1-4-seriate rays with sometimes long uniseriate row of marginal cells (arrow); D, Tls,parenchyma cells (white arrow) and secretory canal (black arrow); E, Tls, detail of secretory canals in short tangential line; F, Rls, heterocellular rays with procumbent cells (black arrow) and square or upright cells (white arrow). G-J, Indet. sp. 2, MNHN.F.50200: G, Ts, poorly preserved wood, vessel arrangement often in groups; H-I, Tls, 1-5-seriate rays, with maybe sheath cells (arrows); J, Rls, heterocellular rays with procumbent and square or upright cells.Scale bars: A, G, 1 mm; B, H, 500 µm; C-F, I-J, 200 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145341/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="892">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
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A-F)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C304656BA229FF9988E0F9F1E59AECCD" pageId="41" pageNumber="892" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0A229FF9988E0F9F1E6C8EC1D" blockId="41.[130,776,1579,1630]" pageId="41" pageNumber="892">
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MATERIAL. —
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<materialsCitation id="3B763CBDA229FF998969F9F6E6C8EC1D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3921372302" collectionCode="MNHN" pageId="41" pageNumber="892" specimenCode="MNHN.F.50199" specimenCount="1">
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<specimenCode id="DBB89E9BA229FF998969F9F6E6F8EC00" box="[269,435,1579,1603]" pageId="41" pageNumber="892">MNHN.F.50199</specimenCode>
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(field number: 17FN08). Estimated minimal diameter:
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<quantity id="4CE69B05A229FF99895AF99BE634EC1D" box="[318,383,1606,1630]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="41" pageNumber="892" unit="cm" value="33.0">33 cm</quantity>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0A229FF9988E0F9ABE59AECCD" blockId="41.[132,721,1654,1678]" box="[132,721,1654,1678]" pageId="41" pageNumber="892">
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LOCALITY. — Kalewa Township,
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<collectingRegion id="49DAF802A229FF9989ACF9ABE52AECCD" box="[456,609,1654,1678]" country="Myanmar" name="Sagaing" pageId="41" pageNumber="892">Sagaing Region</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3097670A229FF998A0FF9ABE586ECCD" box="[619,717,1654,1678]" name="Myanmar" pageId="41" pageNumber="892">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C304656BA229FF9988E0F97BE36CE973" pageId="41" pageNumber="892" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0A229FF9988E0F97BE5C3ECFE" blockId="41.[132,648,1701,1726]" box="[132,648,1701,1726]" pageId="41" pageNumber="892">AGE. — Upper lower to lowermost middle Miocene.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0A229FF9988E0F92FE65EED4F" blockId="41.[131,775,1778,2028]" box="[132,277,1778,1804]" pageId="41" pageNumber="892">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0A229FF9988E0F8CFE36CE973" blockId="41.[131,775,1778,2028]" lastBlockId="41.[811,1458,215,816]" pageId="41" pageNumber="892">
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Wood diffuse-porous. Growth rings distinct, marked by marginal parenchyma (
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<figureCitation id="13252A65A229FF998931F8ECE6F3ED0F" box="[341,440,1841,1868]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="42.[132,157,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-27@42.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIG. 20. — Indet. sp. 1, MNHN.F.50199 (A-F): A, Ts, vessels and few vasicentric parenchyma, solitary secretory canals (arrows) or in short tangential lines, surrounded by parenchyma,remarkably bigger than vessels;B, C, Tls,1-4-seriate rays with sometimes long uniseriate row of marginal cells (arrow); D, Tls,parenchyma cells (white arrow) and secretory canal (black arrow); E, Tls, detail of secretory canals in short tangential line; F, Rls, heterocellular rays with procumbent cells (black arrow) and square or upright cells (white arrow). G-J, Indet. sp. 2, MNHN.F.50200: G, Ts, poorly preserved wood, vessel arrangement often in groups; H-I, Tls, 1-5-seriate rays, with maybe sheath cells (arrows); J, Rls, heterocellular rays with procumbent and square or upright cells.Scale bars: A, G, 1 mm; B, H, 500 µm; C-F, I-J, 200 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145341/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="892">Fig. 20A</figureCitation>
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). Vessels mostly solitary (80%) or in groups of 2, rarely 3 (
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<figureCitation id="13252A65A229FF9989CEF88CE540ED2F" box="[426,523,1873,1900]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="42.[132,157,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-27@42.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIG. 20. — Indet. sp. 1, MNHN.F.50199 (A-F): A, Ts, vessels and few vasicentric parenchyma, solitary secretory canals (arrows) or in short tangential lines, surrounded by parenchyma,remarkably bigger than vessels;B, C, Tls,1-4-seriate rays with sometimes long uniseriate row of marginal cells (arrow); D, Tls,parenchyma cells (white arrow) and secretory canal (black arrow); E, Tls, detail of secretory canals in short tangential line; F, Rls, heterocellular rays with procumbent cells (black arrow) and square or upright cells (white arrow). G-J, Indet. sp. 2, MNHN.F.50200: G, Ts, poorly preserved wood, vessel arrangement often in groups; H-I, Tls, 1-5-seriate rays, with maybe sheath cells (arrows); J, Rls, heterocellular rays with procumbent and square or upright cells.Scale bars: A, G, 1 mm; B, H, 500 µm; C-F, I-J, 200 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145341/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="892">Fig. 20A</figureCitation>
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), oval in shape, 1-7 per mm² (average: 3); tangential diameter 120-200 µm (average 160 µm). Tyloses absent. Vessel elements 190-430 µm (average: 310 µm) long. Perforation plates simple. Intervessel pits alternate, 3-6 µm in diameter (average: 5 µm). Vessel-ray pits maybe of the same nature as intervessel pits. Parenchyma scanty paratracheal or vasicentric (
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<figureCitation id="13252A65A229FF998CCBFF2AE25FEB52" box="[1199,1300,247,273]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="42.[132,157,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-27@42.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIG. 20. — Indet. sp. 1, MNHN.F.50199 (A-F): A, Ts, vessels and few vasicentric parenchyma, solitary secretory canals (arrows) or in short tangential lines, surrounded by parenchyma,remarkably bigger than vessels;B, C, Tls,1-4-seriate rays with sometimes long uniseriate row of marginal cells (arrow); D, Tls,parenchyma cells (white arrow) and secretory canal (black arrow); E, Tls, detail of secretory canals in short tangential line; F, Rls, heterocellular rays with procumbent cells (black arrow) and square or upright cells (white arrow). G-J, Indet. sp. 2, MNHN.F.50200: G, Ts, poorly preserved wood, vessel arrangement often in groups; H-I, Tls, 1-5-seriate rays, with maybe sheath cells (arrows); J, Rls, heterocellular rays with procumbent and square or upright cells.Scale bars: A, G, 1 mm; B, H, 500 µm; C-F, I-J, 200 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145341/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="892">Fig. 20A</figureCitation>
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), in (2-6 cells wide?) marginal bands, also around canals; parenchyma cells 60-130 µm long (mean 90 µm), 20-50 µm wide (average: 35 µm) in tangential section (
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<figureCitation id="13252A65A229FF998CCFFE8AE25AEB32" box="[1195,1297,343,369]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="42.[132,157,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-27@42.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIG. 20. — Indet. sp. 1, MNHN.F.50199 (A-F): A, Ts, vessels and few vasicentric parenchyma, solitary secretory canals (arrows) or in short tangential lines, surrounded by parenchyma,remarkably bigger than vessels;B, C, Tls,1-4-seriate rays with sometimes long uniseriate row of marginal cells (arrow); D, Tls,parenchyma cells (white arrow) and secretory canal (black arrow); E, Tls, detail of secretory canals in short tangential line; F, Rls, heterocellular rays with procumbent cells (black arrow) and square or upright cells (white arrow). G-J, Indet. sp. 2, MNHN.F.50200: G, Ts, poorly preserved wood, vessel arrangement often in groups; H-I, Tls, 1-5-seriate rays, with maybe sheath cells (arrows); J, Rls, heterocellular rays with procumbent and square or upright cells.Scale bars: A, G, 1 mm; B, H, 500 µm; C-F, I-J, 200 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145341/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="892">Fig. 20D</figureCitation>
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), 2-5 cells per parenchyma strand; the epithelial parenchyma around the canals possibly contains crystals in chambered cells. Rays 1- to 4-seriate (mostly 3-seriate) (
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<figureCitation id="13252A65A229FF998C18FE6BE3B5EB92" box="[1148,1278,438,465]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="42.[132,157,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-27@42.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIG. 20. — Indet. sp. 1, MNHN.F.50199 (A-F): A, Ts, vessels and few vasicentric parenchyma, solitary secretory canals (arrows) or in short tangential lines, surrounded by parenchyma,remarkably bigger than vessels;B, C, Tls,1-4-seriate rays with sometimes long uniseriate row of marginal cells (arrow); D, Tls,parenchyma cells (white arrow) and secretory canal (black arrow); E, Tls, detail of secretory canals in short tangential line; F, Rls, heterocellular rays with procumbent cells (black arrow) and square or upright cells (white arrow). G-J, Indet. sp. 2, MNHN.F.50200: G, Ts, poorly preserved wood, vessel arrangement often in groups; H-I, Tls, 1-5-seriate rays, with maybe sheath cells (arrows); J, Rls, heterocellular rays with procumbent and square or upright cells.Scale bars: A, G, 1 mm; B, H, 500 µm; C-F, I-J, 200 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145341/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="892">Fig. 20B, C</figureCitation>
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), uniseriate rays about 10-20% of the rays, 2-12 cells high, 4-7 rays per mm (average:6), multiseriate rays 310-1260 µm (average: 720 µm) high or 11-44 cells (average: 24 cells), heterocellular made of procumbent cells with 1-8 (or more) upright cells at the ends (
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<figureCitation id="13252A65A229FF998B08FD8BE4A3E833" box="[876,1000,598,624]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="42.[132,157,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-27@42.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIG. 20. — Indet. sp. 1, MNHN.F.50199 (A-F): A, Ts, vessels and few vasicentric parenchyma, solitary secretory canals (arrows) or in short tangential lines, surrounded by parenchyma,remarkably bigger than vessels;B, C, Tls,1-4-seriate rays with sometimes long uniseriate row of marginal cells (arrow); D, Tls,parenchyma cells (white arrow) and secretory canal (black arrow); E, Tls, detail of secretory canals in short tangential line; F, Rls, heterocellular rays with procumbent cells (black arrow) and square or upright cells (white arrow). G-J, Indet. sp. 2, MNHN.F.50200: G, Ts, poorly preserved wood, vessel arrangement often in groups; H-I, Tls, 1-5-seriate rays, with maybe sheath cells (arrows); J, Rls, heterocellular rays with procumbent and square or upright cells.Scale bars: A, G, 1 mm; B, H, 500 µm; C-F, I-J, 200 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145341/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="892">Fig. 20B, C</figureCitation>
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), sheath cells sometimes present, some rays appear with mixed procumbent and upright cells in radial section (
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<figureCitation id="13252A65A229FF998BE8FD4BE4A5E8F3" box="[908,1006,662,688]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="42.[132,157,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-27@42.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIG. 20. — Indet. sp. 1, MNHN.F.50199 (A-F): A, Ts, vessels and few vasicentric parenchyma, solitary secretory canals (arrows) or in short tangential lines, surrounded by parenchyma,remarkably bigger than vessels;B, C, Tls,1-4-seriate rays with sometimes long uniseriate row of marginal cells (arrow); D, Tls,parenchyma cells (white arrow) and secretory canal (black arrow); E, Tls, detail of secretory canals in short tangential line; F, Rls, heterocellular rays with procumbent cells (black arrow) and square or upright cells (white arrow). G-J, Indet. sp. 2, MNHN.F.50200: G, Ts, poorly preserved wood, vessel arrangement often in groups; H-I, Tls, 1-5-seriate rays, with maybe sheath cells (arrows); J, Rls, heterocellular rays with procumbent and square or upright cells.Scale bars: A, G, 1 mm; B, H, 500 µm; C-F, I-J, 200 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145341/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="892">Fig. 20F</figureCitation>
|
|
), ray cells possibly containing prismatic crystals. Fibres non-septate, 11-26 µm in diameter (average: 20 µm). Canals diffuse or in short tangential lines, tangentially as big as vessels, radially longer up to 500 µm (average: 350 µm) (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13252A65A229FF998BFFFCC8E351E973" box="[923,1050,789,816]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="42.[132,157,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-27@42.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIG. 20. — Indet. sp. 1, MNHN.F.50199 (A-F): A, Ts, vessels and few vasicentric parenchyma, solitary secretory canals (arrows) or in short tangential lines, surrounded by parenchyma,remarkably bigger than vessels;B, C, Tls,1-4-seriate rays with sometimes long uniseriate row of marginal cells (arrow); D, Tls,parenchyma cells (white arrow) and secretory canal (black arrow); E, Tls, detail of secretory canals in short tangential line; F, Rls, heterocellular rays with procumbent cells (black arrow) and square or upright cells (white arrow). G-J, Indet. sp. 2, MNHN.F.50200: G, Ts, poorly preserved wood, vessel arrangement often in groups; H-I, Tls, 1-5-seriate rays, with maybe sheath cells (arrows); J, Rls, heterocellular rays with procumbent and square or upright cells.Scale bars: A, G, 1 mm; B, H, 500 µm; C-F, I-J, 200 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145341/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="892">Fig. 20A, E</figureCitation>
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|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C304656BA229FF9B8B49FC8BE617EDAF" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="894" pageId="41" pageNumber="892" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A229FF998B49FC8BE4E5E933" blockId="41.[810,1458,854,2028]" box="[813,942,854,880]" pageId="41" pageNumber="892">DISCUSSION</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A229FF998B49FCA8E3E0EDA8" blockId="41.[810,1458,854,2028]" pageId="41" pageNumber="892">
|
|
The most diagnostic character of the fossil is the presence of wide pores (tangentially the same size as vessels but radially longer) that are often 2-6 tangentially grouped. In tangential section, these pores do not show any perforation plate and are surrounded by parenchyma, as expected for secretory canals. The presence of solitary secretory canals or in short tangential lines in diffuse-porous wood are only found in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A229FF998D54FBE9E43FEE2C" baseAuthorityName="Metcalfe & Chalk" baseAuthorityYear="1950" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="41" pageNumber="892" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Dipterocarpaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A229FF998BCAFB89E345EE2D" box="[942,1038,1108,1134]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="41" pageNumber="892" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
(in the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A229FF998C0FFB89E3BDEE2D" box="[1131,1270,1108,1134]" pageId="41" pageNumber="904" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Detarioideae">Detarioideae</taxonomicName>
|
|
subfamily, more specifically in the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A229FF998B89FBA9E3E3EECD" authority=", Detarieae" authorityName="Detarieae" box="[1005,1192,1140,1166]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Prioria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="41" pageNumber="892" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Prioria, Detarieae</taxonomicName>
|
|
and some of the Daniellia clades) (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A229FF998BCFFB49E33BEEED" author="INSIDEWOOD" box="[939,1136,1172,1198]" pageId="41" pageNumber="892" refId="ref42546" refString="INSIDEWOOD 2004 - onward. - Published on the Internet. Available from http: // insidewood. lib. ncsu. edu / search" type="url" year="2004">InsideWood 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
|
-onward;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A229FF998CB8FB49E42FEE8D" author="DE LA ESTRELLA M. & FOREST F. & KLITGARD B. & LEWIS G. P. & INDER B. A. & DE QUEIROZ L. P. & WIERINGA J. J. & BRUNEAU A." pageId="41" pageNumber="892" pagination="6884" refId="ref40209" refString="DE LA ESTRELLA M., FOREST F., KLITGARD B., LEWIS G. P., MACK- INDER B. A., DE QUEIROZ L. P., WIERINGA J. J. & BRUNEAU A. 2018. - A new phylogeny-based tribal classification of subfamily Detarioideae, an early branching clade of florally diverse tropical arborescent legumes. Scientific Reports 8 (1): 6884. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 018 - 24687 - 3" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
|
De la Estrella
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A229FF998D18FB48E2F9EEED" box="[1404,1458,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="892">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2018
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A229FF998B15FB69E368EE8D" author="CHOO L. M. & FOREST F. & WIERINGA J. J. & BRUNEAU A. & DE LA ESTRELLA M." box="[881,1059,1204,1230]" pageId="41" pageNumber="892" pagination="106752" refId="ref39759" refString="CHOO L. M., FOREST F., WIERINGA J. J., BRUNEAU A. & DE LA ESTRELLA M. 2020. - Phylogeny and biogeography of the Daniellia clade (Leguminosae: Detarioideae), a tropical tree lineage largely threatened in Africa and Madagascar. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 146: 106752. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2020.106752" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
|
Choo
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A229FF998BD0FB68E4ADEE8D" box="[948,998,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="892">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2020
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The specimen displays the same ray arrangement as modern
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A229FF998C43FB09E3AAEEAD" baseAuthorityName="Metcalfe & Chalk" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[1063,1249,1236,1262]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="41" pageNumber="892" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Dipterocarpaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
; it also has marginal or seemingly marginal parenchyma bands without tyloses, as found within the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A229FF998B85FACEE375EF6E" box="[993,1086,1299,1325]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="41" pageNumber="892" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
family.We note a close affinity with extant
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A229FF998B11FAE9E34FEF0E" baseAuthorityName="Schweitzer" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[885,1028,1332,1357]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dipterocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="41" pageNumber="892" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A229FF998B11FAE9E34FEF0E" box="[885,1028,1332,1357]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="892">Dipterocarpus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, as the presence of short tangential lines is very characteristic of this genus (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A229FF998CF9FA8EE207EF2D" author="SCHWEITZER H. - J." box="[1181,1356,1363,1390]" pageId="41" pageNumber="892" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref47790" refString="SCHWEITZER H. - J. 1958. - Die fossilen Dipterocarpaceen-Holzer. Palaeontographica Abteilung B 105 (1 - 4): 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1958">Schweitzer 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), but the attribution to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A229FF998BA2FAAEE334EFCE" baseAuthorityName="Metcalfe & Chalk" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[966,1151,1395,1421]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="41" pageNumber="892" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Dipterocarpaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
is uncertain because we can not observe vasicentric tracheids or simple vessel-ray pits. In addition, vessels are not exclusively solitary as expected for
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A229FF998B4AFA09E4F0EFAE" baseAuthorityName="Schweitzer" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[814,955,1492,1517]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dipterocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="41" pageNumber="892" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A229FF998B4AFA09E4F0EFAE" box="[814,955,1492,1517]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="892">Dipterocarpus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. For the second family, short tangential lines of canals are mostly found in the genera:
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A229FF998CA9FA2EE4E1EC6E" authority="Griseb., Daniellia Benn." authorityName="Griseb., Daniellia Benn." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Prioria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="41" pageNumber="892" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A229FF998CA9FA2EE25EEC4F" box="[1229,1301,1523,1548]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="892">Prioria</emphasis>
|
|
Griseb.,
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A229FF998D1CFA2EE42BEC6F" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="892">Daniellia</emphasis>
|
|
Benn.
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A229FF998BDCF9CEE350EC6E" box="[952,1051,1555,1581]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Copaifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="41" pageNumber="892" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A229FF998BDCF9CEE350EC6E" box="[952,1051,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="892">Copaifera</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
L.,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A229FF998C2CF9CEE3ACEC6E" authority="Juss." authorityName="Juss." box="[1096,1255,1555,1581]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Detarium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="41" pageNumber="892" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A229FF998C2CF9CEE3E6EC6F" box="[1096,1197,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="892">Detarium</emphasis>
|
|
Juss.
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A229FF998C90F9CEE2CBEC6F" authority="Aubl." authorityName="Aubl." box="[1268,1408,1554,1580]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Eperua" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="41" pageNumber="892" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A229FF998C90F9CEE276EC6F" box="[1268,1341,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="892">Eperua</emphasis>
|
|
Aubl.
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A229FF998B4AF9EFE32BEC0E" authority="Miq. (Gasson 1994)" authorityName="Miq. (Gasson" authorityYear="1994" box="[814,1120,1586,1613]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Sindora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="41" pageNumber="892" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A229FF998B4AF9EFE435EC0F" box="[814,894,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="892">Sindora</emphasis>
|
|
Miq. (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A229FF998BACF9EEE31EEC0E" author="GASSON P. E." box="[968,1109,1587,1613]" pageId="41" pageNumber="892" pagination="165 - 203" refId="ref41113" refString="GASSON P. E. 1994. - Wood anatomy of the tribe Sophoreae and related Caesalpinioideae and Papilionoideae, in FERGUSON I. & TUCKER S. (eds), Advances in Legume Systematics. Vol. 6. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: 165 - 203." type="book chapter" year="1994">Gasson 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Canals at least as big as vessels are only reported in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A229FF998B9DF98EE30BEC2F" box="[1017,1088,1619,1644]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Prioria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="41" pageNumber="892" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A229FF998B9DF98EE30BEC2F" box="[1017,1088,1619,1644]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="892">Prioria</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(synonyms:
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A229FF998CA7F98FE2E7EC2E" authority="Harms" authorityName="Harms" box="[1219,1452,1618,1645]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Kingiodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="41" pageNumber="892" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A229FF998CA7F98FE212EC2F" box="[1219,1369,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="892">Kingiodendron</emphasis>
|
|
Harms
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A229FF998B4FF9AFE30DECCE" authority="Harms" authorityName="Harms" box="[811,1094,1650,1677]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Gossweilerodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="41" pageNumber="892" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A229FF998B4FF9AFE4BFECCF" box="[811,1012,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="892">Gossweilerodendron</emphasis>
|
|
Harms
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A229FF998C2AF9AEE43CECEE" authority="Harms, Pterogopodium Harms" authorityName="Harms, Pterogopodium Harms" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Oxystigma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="41" pageNumber="892" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A229FF998C2AF9AEE3F1ECCE" box="[1102,1210,1651,1677]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="892">Oxystigma</emphasis>
|
|
Harms,
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A229FF998D70F9AFE2E6ECCF" box="[1300,1453,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="892">Pterogopodium</emphasis>
|
|
Harms
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A229FF998BD4F94FE3D6ECEE" authority="H. J. P. Winkl." authorityName="H. J. P. Winkl." box="[944,1181,1682,1709]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Eriander" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="41" pageNumber="892" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A229FF998BD4F94FE340ECEF" box="[944,1035,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="892">Eriander</emphasis>
|
|
H.J.P.Winkl.
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) and especially in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A229FF998D0CF94EE496EC8F" authority="Griseb." authorityName="Griseb." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Prioria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="41" pageNumber="892" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="copaifera">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A229FF998D0CF94EE4C3EC8F" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="892">Prioria copaifera</emphasis>
|
|
Griseb.
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, which is described with parenchyma scanty to aliform and in 3-4(6) cells wide bands; 2-4 cells per parenchyma strands, rays mostly 1-3-seriate up to 37 cells high with many uniseriate rays and upright marginal cells. Parenchyma can also contain crystals especially in the epithelial cells of canals (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A229FF998B51F88CE356ED2F" author="BANKS H. & GASSON P." box="[821,1053,1873,1900]" pageId="41" pageNumber="892" pagination="19 - 59" refId="ref38848" refString="BANKS H. & GASSON P. 2000. - Pollen morphology and wood anatomy of the Crudia group (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, Detarieae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1 - 2): 19 - 59. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.2000. tb 02344. x" type="journal article" year="2000">Banks & Gasson 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A229FF998C4DF88FE3AEED2F" author="GASSON P. & TRAFFORD C. & MATTHEWS B." box="[1065,1253,1873,1900]" pageId="41" pageNumber="892" pagination="63 - 93" refId="ref41164" refString="GASSON P., TRAFFORD C. & MATTHEWS B. 2003. - Wood anatomy of Caesalpinioideae, in KLITGAARD B. B. & BRUNEAU A. (eds), Advances in Legume Systematics. Vol. 10. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: 63 - 93." type="book chapter" year="2003">
|
|
Gasson
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A229FF998C1EF88FE3E1ED28" box="[1146,1194,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="892">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2003
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The former genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A229FF998B4FF8ACE488EDC8" box="[811,963,1905,1931]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Kingiodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="41" pageNumber="892" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A229FF998B4FF8ACE488EDC8" box="[811,963,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="892">Kingiodendron</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
share similar characteristics (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A229FF998C98F8ACE42FEDE8" author="BANKS H. & GASSON P." pageId="41" pageNumber="892" pagination="19 - 59" refId="ref38848" refString="BANKS H. & GASSON P. 2000. - Pollen morphology and wood anatomy of the Crudia group (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, Detarieae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1 - 2): 19 - 59. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.2000. tb 02344. x" type="journal article" year="2000">Banks & Gasson 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A229FF998B17F84CE370EDE8" author="GASSON P. & TRAFFORD C. & MATTHEWS B." box="[883,1083,1937,1963]" pageId="41" pageNumber="892" pagination="63 - 93" refId="ref41164" refString="GASSON P., TRAFFORD C. & MATTHEWS B. 2003. - Wood anatomy of Caesalpinioideae, in KLITGAARD B. B. & BRUNEAU A. (eds), Advances in Legume Systematics. Vol. 10. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: 63 - 93." type="book chapter" year="2003">
|
|
Gasson
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A229FF998BACF84FE4B6EDE8" box="[968,1021,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="892">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2003
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). However,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A229FF998CA5F84FE242EDE8" box="[1217,1289,1938,1963]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Prioria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="41" pageNumber="892" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A229FF998CA5F84FE242EDE8" box="[1217,1289,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="892">Prioria</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is not reported with sheath cells and have vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pits, as well as mostly diffuse canals.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="DF616668A22AFF9A88E0F8BAE578EDAA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145341" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7145341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145341/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="893" startId="42.[132,157,1895,1912]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" targetPageId="42">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A22AFF9A88E0F8BAE578EDAA" blockId="42.[132,1457,1895,2025]" pageId="42" pageNumber="893">
|
|
FIG. 20. — Indet. sp. 1, MNHN.F.50199 (
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22AFF9A89B7F8BAE6B9ED3B" bold="true" box="[467,498,1895,1912]" pageId="42" pageNumber="893">A -F</emphasis>
|
|
):
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22AFF9A8A65F8BAE545ED3B" bold="true" box="[513,526,1895,1912]" pageId="42" pageNumber="893">A</emphasis>
|
|
, Ts, vessels and few vasicentric parenchyma, solitary secretory canals (
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22AFF9A8C01F8BAE3E8ED3B" bold="true" box="[1125,1187,1895,1912]" pageId="42" pageNumber="893">arrows</emphasis>
|
|
) or in short tangential lines, surrounded by parenchyma,remarkably bigger than vessels;
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22AFF9A8A33F8A0E52FEDCD" bold="true" box="[599,612,1917,1934]" pageId="42" pageNumber="893">B</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22AFF9A8A09F8A0E530EDCD" bold="true" box="[621,635,1917,1934]" pageId="42" pageNumber="893">C</emphasis>
|
|
, Tls,1-4-seriate rays with sometimes long uniseriate row of marginal cells (
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22AFF9A8CB6F8A0E24EEDCD" bold="true" box="[1234,1285,1917,1934]" pageId="42" pageNumber="893">arrow</emphasis>
|
|
);
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22AFF9A8D76F8A0E26BEDCD" bold="true" box="[1298,1312,1917,1934]" pageId="42" pageNumber="893">D</emphasis>
|
|
, Tls,parenchyma cells (
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22AFF9A88D0F849E655EDE6" bold="true" box="[180,286,1940,1957]" pageId="42" pageNumber="893">white arrow</emphasis>
|
|
) and secretory canal (
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22AFF9A89B2F849E574EDE6" bold="true" box="[470,575,1940,1957]" pageId="42" pageNumber="893">black arrow</emphasis>
|
|
);
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22AFF9A8A2AF849E511EDE6" bold="true" box="[590,602,1940,1957]" pageId="42" pageNumber="893">E</emphasis>
|
|
, Tls, detail of secretory canals in short tangential line;
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22AFF9A8C7BF849E361EDE6" bold="true" box="[1055,1066,1940,1957]" pageId="42" pageNumber="893">F</emphasis>
|
|
, Rls, heterocellular rays with procumbent cells (
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22AFF9A88EDF876E7B8EDFF" bold="true" box="[137,243,1963,1980]" pageId="42" pageNumber="893">black arrow</emphasis>
|
|
) and square or upright cells (
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22AFF9A8983F876E51AEDFF" bold="true" box="[487,593,1963,1980]" pageId="42" pageNumber="893">white arrow</emphasis>
|
|
).
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22AFF9A8A04F876E534EDFF" bold="true" box="[608,639,1963,1980]" pageId="42" pageNumber="893">G -J</emphasis>
|
|
, Indet. sp. 2, MNHN.F.50200:
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22AFF9A8BE4F876E4C5EDFF" bold="true" box="[896,910,1963,1980]" pageId="42" pageNumber="893">G</emphasis>
|
|
, Ts, poorly preserved wood, vessel arrangement often in groups;
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22AFF9A88E0F81FE7D4ED90" bold="true" box="[132,159,1986,2003]" pageId="42" pageNumber="893">H -I</emphasis>
|
|
, Tls, 1-5-seriate rays, with maybe sheath cells (
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22AFF9A8A42F81FE52FED90" bold="true" box="[550,612,1986,2003]" pageId="42" pageNumber="893">arrows</emphasis>
|
|
);
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22AFF9A8A17F81FE536ED90" bold="true" box="[627,637,1986,2003]" pageId="42" pageNumber="893">J</emphasis>
|
|
, Rls, heterocellular rays with procumbent and square or upright cells.Scale bars: A, G, 1 mm; B, H, 500 µm; C-F, I-J, 200 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A22BFF9B88FFFF0AE664EC0F" blockId="43.[131,777,215,2028]" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">
|
|
Fossils described with diffuse and short lines of secretory canals belonging to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A22BFF9B890FFF2AE578EB52" baseAuthorityName="Metcalfe & Chalk" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[363,563,247,273]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="43" pageNumber="894" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Dipterocarpaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
or
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A22BFF9B8A38FF2AE58EEB52" box="[604,709,247,273]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="43" pageNumber="894" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
, with the particularity of bigger canals than vessels are relatively few. They are reported bigger or of the same size as vessels in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A22BFF9B88C6FE8AE5CBEB32" authority="Prakash (1981)" authorityName="Prakash" authorityYear="1981" box="[162,640,343,369]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dipterocarpoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="43" pageNumber="894" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="surangei">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22BFF9B88C6FE8AE680EB32" box="[162,459,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">Dipterocarpoxylon surangei</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A22BFF9B89B6FE8AE5CBEB32" author="PRAKASH U." box="[466,640,343,369]" pageId="43" pageNumber="894" pagination="374 - 388" refId="ref46159" refString="PRAKASH U. 1981. - Further occurrence of fossil woods from the Lower Siwalik beds of Uttar Pradesh, India. The Palaeobotanist 28 - 29: 374 - 388 (1979 - 1980). https: // doi. org / 10.54991 / jop. 1981.1424" type="journal article" year="1981">Prakash (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A22BFF9B8AE8FE85E6D2EBD2" authority="Prakash (1975)" authorityName="Prakash" authorityYear="1975" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dipterocarpoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="43" pageNumber="894" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="premacrocarpum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22BFF9B8AE8FE85E7A1EBD3" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">D. premacrocarpum</emphasis>
|
|
Prakash (1975)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A22BFF9B89A9FEAAE44AEBD2" authority="Awasthi (1980)" authorityName="Awasthi" authorityYear="1980" box="[461,769,375,401]" class="Magnoliopsida" genus="Shoreoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="43" pageNumber="894" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arcotense">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22BFF9B89A9FEAAE505EBD3" box="[461,590,375,400]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">D. arcotense</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A22BFF9B8A31FEAAE44AEBD2" author="AWASTHI N." box="[597,769,375,401]" pageId="43" pageNumber="894" pagination="248 - 258" refId="ref38380" refString="AWASTHI N. 1980. - Two new Dipterocarpaceous woods from the Cuddalore series near Pondicherry. The Palaeobotanist 26 (3): 248 - 258 (1977). https: // doi. org / 10.54991 / jop. 1977.1068" type="journal article" year="1980">Awasthi (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but their vessels are almost exclusively solitary, and their rays are broader (up to 5- or 7-seriate). Bancroft described fossil specimens from Africa twice (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A22BFF9B8A76FE0BE5FFEBB3" author="BANCROFT H." box="[530,692,470,496]" pageId="43" pageNumber="894" pagination="59 - 100" refId="ref38733" refString="BANCROFT H. 1933. - A contribution to the geological history of the Dipterocarpaceae. Geologiska Foreningen i Stockholm Forhandlingar 55 (1): 59 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 11035893309448839" type="journal article" year="1933">Bancroft 1933</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A22BFF9B8AA7FE0BE5B5EBB2" author="BANCROFT H." box="[707,766,470,497]" pageId="43" pageNumber="894" pagination="164 - 183" refId="ref38773" refString="BANCROFT H. 1935. - Some fossil dicotyledonous woods from Mount Elgon, East Africa. I. American Journal of Botany 22 (2): 164 - 183. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2436007" type="journal article" year="1935">1935</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) under the name
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A22BFF9B895FFE2AE5CAE853" authority="Bancroft. They" authorityName="Bancroft. They" box="[315,641,502,528]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dipterocarpoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="43" pageNumber="894" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africanum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22BFF9B895FFE2AE684E853" box="[315,463,502,528]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">D. africanum</emphasis>
|
|
Bancroft. They
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
share many features of our fossil, including 1-4-seriate rays (mostly 3-seriate) with many upright cells in rays with up to 6-cells in marginal rows (mostly for biseriate rays) and up to 30 cells high.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A22BFF9B8912FDABE578E8D3" author="BANCROFT H." box="[374,563,630,657]" pageId="43" pageNumber="894" pagination="164 - 183" refId="ref38773" refString="BANCROFT H. 1935. - Some fossil dicotyledonous woods from Mount Elgon, East Africa. I. American Journal of Botany 22 (2): 164 - 183. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2436007" type="journal article" year="1935">Bancroft (1935)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
mentioned structures that looked like vasicentric tracheids which suggests an affinity to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A22BFF9B8941FD68E6BBE88C" baseAuthorityName="Metcalfe & Chalk" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[293,496,693,719]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="43" pageNumber="894" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Dipterocarpaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
, though the author still mentions a possible affinity with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A22BFF9B8A66FD08E5D3E8AC" box="[514,664,725,751]" pageId="43" pageNumber="904" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Detarioideae">Detarioideae</taxonomicName>
|
|
, as vesselray pits are still not visible. Many fossil species related to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A22BFF9B88E0FCC8E65CE96C" box="[132,279,789,815]" pageId="43" pageNumber="904" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Detarioideae">Detarioideae</taxonomicName>
|
|
have no canals. Among those with canals,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A22BFF9B88E2FCE8E6FFE913" authority="Awasthi (1977)" authorityName="Awasthi" authorityYear="1977" box="[134,436,821,848]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Hopeoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="43" pageNumber="894" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22BFF9B88E2FCE8E64FE90C" box="[134,260,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">Hopeoxylon</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A22BFF9B896CFCE8E6FFE913" author="AWASTHI N." box="[264,436,821,848]" pageId="43" pageNumber="894" pagination="102 - 107" refId="ref38289" refString="AWASTHI N. 1977. - Revision of Hopeoxylon indicum Navale and Shoreoxylon speciosum Navale from the Cuddalore series near Pondicherry. The Palaeobotanist 24 (2): 102 - 107 (1975). https: // doi. org / 10.54991 / jop. 1975.975" type="journal article" year="1977">Awasthi (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has often banded parenchyma and canals in short to often long lines, smaller than vessels. Several specimens of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A22BFF9B8913FCA8E550E9CC" box="[375,539,885,911]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Kingiodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="43" pageNumber="894" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22BFF9B8913FCA8E550E9CC" box="[375,539,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">Kingiodendron</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A22BFF9B8A49FCA8E7F4E9EC" author="AWASTHI N. & PRAKASH U." pageId="43" pageNumber="894" pagination="178 - 183" refId="ref38548" refString="AWASTHI N. & PRAKASH U. 1987. - Fossil woods of Kingiodendron and Bauhinia from the Namsang beds of Deomali, Arunachal Pradesh. The Palaeobotanist 35 (2): 178 - 183 (1986). https: // doi. org / 10.54991 / jop. 1986.1526" type="journal article" year="1987">Awasthi & Prakash 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A22BFF9B88B5FC48E63AE9EC" author="AWASTHI N." box="[209,369,917,943]" pageId="43" pageNumber="894" pagination="225 - 250" refId="ref38423" refString="AWASTHI N. 1992. - Indian fossil legumes, in HERENDEEN P. S. & DILCHER D. L. (eds), Advances in Legume Systematics. Vol. 4. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: 225 - 250." type="book chapter" year="1992">Awasthi 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A22BFF9B89E7FC48E52AE9EC" author="GULERIA J. S. & GUPTA S. S. & SRIVASTAVA R." box="[387,609,917,943]" pageId="43" pageNumber="894" pagination="225 - 246" refId="ref41745" refString="GULERIA J. S., GUPTA S. S. & SRIVASTAVA R. 2002. - Fossil woods from upper Tertiary sediments of Jammu region (Jammu & Kashmir) North-West India and their significance. The Palaeobotanist 50 (2 - 3): 225 - 246 (2001). https: // doi. org / 10.54991 / jop. 2001.1825" type="journal article" year="2002">
|
|
Guleria
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22BFF9B8987FC4BE557E9EC" box="[483,540,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2002
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; Pérez-Lara
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22BFF9B8A90FC4BE7D3E98C" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2021) have the same size and arrangement of canals than the present fossil, but rays are much shorter and less heterocellular or canals are smaller than vessels.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A22BFF9B8ADFFC28E65EEE6C" author="RAMOS R. S. & BREA M. & KROHLING D. M." pageId="43" pageNumber="894" pagination="202 - 214" refId="ref47252" refString="RAMOS R. S., BREA M. & KROHLING D. M. 2017. - Fossil woods of Detarioideae subfamily (Fabaceae) from El Palmar Formation (Late Pleistocene) in South America. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 79: 202 - 214. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jsames. 2017.08.006" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
|
Ramos
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22BFF9B88E0FBC8E7F6EE6D" box="[132,189,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2017)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
described two fossil genera:
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22BFF9B8A08FBC8E442EE6D" box="[620,777,1045,1070]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">Paraoxystigma</emphasis>
|
|
Ramos
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22BFF9B88BEFBE8E659EE0D" box="[218,274,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
which has only diffuse canals and only one row of marginal ray cells; and
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22BFF9B899DFB89E44DEE2D" box="[505,774,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">Gossweilerodendroxylon</emphasis>
|
|
Ramos
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22BFF9B88B8FBA8E65EEECD" box="[220,277,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
which has no uniseriate rays, only weakly heterocellular rays and canals much smaller than vessels. Two fossil wood specimens of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A22BFF9B898BFB68E575EE8D" box="[495,574,1205,1230]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Prioria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="43" pageNumber="894" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22BFF9B898BFB68E575EE8D" box="[495,574,1205,1230]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">Prioria</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are described by Rodríguez-Reyes
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22BFF9B8922FB09E631EEAD" box="[326,378,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2017):
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A22BFF9B89BDFB09E7F2EF4E" authority="Rodriguez-Reyes et al." authorityName="Rodriguez-Reyes" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Prioria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="43" pageNumber="894" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hodgesii">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22BFF9B89BDFB09E50DEEAD" box="[473,582,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">P. hodgesii</emphasis>
|
|
Rodríguez-Reyes
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22BFF9B88E0FB29E7F2EF4E" box="[132,185,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
which has smaller canals than vessels and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A22BFF9B8AF4FB29E449EF6E" authority="Rodriguez-Reyes, Gasson, Falcon-Lang & Collinson" authorityName="Rodriguez-Reyes, Gasson, Falcon-Lang & Collinson" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Prioria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="43" pageNumber="894" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canalensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22BFF9B8AF4FB29E7D7EF6E" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">P. canalensis</emphasis>
|
|
Rodríguez-Reyes, Gasson, Falcon-Lang & Collinson
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, which shares most of the features of our fossil except that it displays long lines of canals, parenchyma is sometimes aliform and strands of parenchyma are composed of 3-8 cells (down to 2 cells for our fossil). As it is not possible to determine precisely the nature of vessel-ray pits nor if there are any vasicentric tracheids or common crystals in our specimen, the attribution to a given family is difficult. As a consequence, we consider this specimen as undetermined.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A22BFF9B88FFF98FE617EDAF" blockId="43.[131,777,215,2028]" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">
|
|
Modern
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A22BFF9B8898F98EE6DFEC2F" baseAuthorityName="Schweitzer" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[252,404,1619,1644]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dipterocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="43" pageNumber="894" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22BFF9B8898F98EE6DFEC2F" box="[252,404,1619,1644]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">Dipterocarpus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are mainly tropical trees growing in evergreen, sometimes present in semi-evergreen forests or dry deciduous dipterocarp forests, mostly in lowlands and occasionally up to
|
|
<quantity id="4CE69B05A22BFF9B89ECF96FE6AFEC8E" box="[392,484,1714,1741]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="43" pageNumber="894" unit="m" value="1400.0">1400 m</quantity>
|
|
. (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A22BFF9B899DF96FE5C6EC8F" author="ASHTON P. S." box="[505,653,1714,1740]" pageId="43" pageNumber="894" pagination="237 - 552" refId="ref37953" refString="ASHTON P. S. 1982. - Dipterocarpaceae, in VAN STEENIS C. G. G. J. (ed.), Flora Malesiana, Series 1, Spermatophyta 9 (2): 237 - 552. https: // repository. naturalis. nl / pub / 532631" type="journal article" year="1982">Ashton 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A22BFF9B8AF8F96FE6DAECAF" author="SOERIANEGARA I. & LEMMENS R. H. M. J." pageId="43" pageNumber="894" refId="ref47964" refString="SOERIANEGARA I. & LEMMENS R. H. M. J. (eds) 1993. - Timber trees: Major commercial timbers. Pudoc Scientific Publishers, Wageningen, 610 p. (Plant resources of South-East Asia [PRO- SEA], 5 [1]). https: // www. sudoc. fr / 013093835" type="book" year="1993">Soerianegara & Lemmens 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A22BFF9B89C6F90FE50CECAF" author="GHAZOUL J." box="[418,583,1746,1772]" pageId="43" pageNumber="894" refId="ref41276" refString="GHAZOUL J. 2016. - Dipterocarp Biology, Ecology, and Conservation. Oxford, Oxford University Press. 307 p. http: // doi. org / 10.1093 / acprof: oso / 9780199639656.001.0001" type="book" year="2016">Ghazoul 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A22BFF9B8A05F90EE5E4ECAF" box="[609,687,1747,1772]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Prioria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="43" pageNumber="894" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22BFF9B8A05F90EE5E4ECAF" box="[609,687,1747,1772]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">Prioria</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789A22BFF9B8ADDF90FE59CECAF" box="[697,727,1746,1772]" pageId="43" pageNumber="894" sensu="lato">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22BFF9B8ADDF90FE59BECAF" box="[697,720,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">s.l</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
is a genus of large trees adapted to seasonally-flooded riparian environments (Rodríguez-Reyes
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22BFF9B8999F8CFE57FED6F" box="[509,564,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2017).
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22BFF9B8AF5F8CFE44CED68" box="[657,775,1810,1835]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A22BFF9B8AF5F8CFE594ED68" box="[657,735,1810,1835]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Prioria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="43" pageNumber="894" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Prioria</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789A22BFF9B8A8CF8CFE44CED68" box="[744,775,1810,1835]" pageId="43" pageNumber="894" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
is an American tropical tree growing in lowlands often in coastal forests, sometimes swamps and along estuaries (Rodríguez-Reyes
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22BFF9B8932F8AFE6C6EDC8" box="[342,397,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2017), whereas
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A22BFF9B8A2EF8ACE5A5EDC8" box="[586,750,1905,1931]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Kingiodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="43" pageNumber="894" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22BFF9B8A2EF8ACE5A5EDC8" box="[586,750,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">Kingiodendron</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is found in Asia in evergreen rainforests at low elevation, and flood-plains up to
|
|
<quantity id="4CE69B05A22BFF9B89F4F86CE691ED8F" box="[400,474,1969,1996]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="43" pageNumber="894" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
|
|
altitude (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A22BFF9B8A2DF86FE5B4ED88" author="HOU D. & LARSEN K. & LARSEN S. S." box="[585,767,1969,1996]" pageId="43" pageNumber="894" pagination="409 - 730" refId="ref42189" refString="HOU D., LARSEN K. & LARSEN S. S. 1996. - Caesalpiniaceae (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae). Flora Malesiana, Series 1, Spermatophyta 12 (2): 409 - 730. https: // repository. naturalis. nl / pub / 532557" type="journal article" year="1996">
|
|
Hou
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22BFF9B8AE2F86FE5F6ED88" box="[646,701,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
1996
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A22BFF9B88E0F80CE600EDA8" author="PASCAL J. P. & RAMESH B. R. & DE FRANCESCHI D." box="[132,331,2001,2027]" pageId="43" pageNumber="894" pagination="281 - 292" refId="ref45219" refString="PASCAL J. P., RAMESH B. R. & DE FRANCESCHI D. 2004. - Wet evergreen forest types of the southern western ghats, India. Tropical Ecology 45 (2): 281 - 292. https: // hal. archives-ouvertes. fr / hal- 00021855" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
|
Pascal
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22BFF9B88B5F80FE643EDA8" box="[209,264,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2004
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C304656BA22BFF9B8C56FF0AE3E1EAB2" box="[1074,1194,215,242]" pageId="43" pageNumber="894" type="multiple">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A22BFF9B8C56FF0AE3E1EAB2" blockId="43.[1067,1201,215,273]" box="[1074,1194,215,242]" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">indet. sp. 2</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C304656BA22BFF9B8C4FFF2AE3FAEB52" box="[1067,1201,247,273]" pageId="43" pageNumber="894" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A22BFF9B8C4FFF2AE3FAEB52" blockId="43.[1067,1201,215,273]" box="[1067,1201,247,273]" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">
|
|
(
|
|
<figureCitation id="13252A65A22BFF9B8C50FF2AE3CBEB52" box="[1076,1152,247,273]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="42.[132,157,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-27@42.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIG. 20. — Indet. sp. 1, MNHN.F.50199 (A-F): A, Ts, vessels and few vasicentric parenchyma, solitary secretory canals (arrows) or in short tangential lines, surrounded by parenchyma,remarkably bigger than vessels;B, C, Tls,1-4-seriate rays with sometimes long uniseriate row of marginal cells (arrow); D, Tls,parenchyma cells (white arrow) and secretory canal (black arrow); E, Tls, detail of secretory canals in short tangential line; F, Rls, heterocellular rays with procumbent cells (black arrow) and square or upright cells (white arrow). G-J, Indet. sp. 2, MNHN.F.50200: G, Ts, poorly preserved wood, vessel arrangement often in groups; H-I, Tls, 1-5-seriate rays, with maybe sheath cells (arrows); J, Rls, heterocellular rays with procumbent and square or upright cells.Scale bars: A, G, 1 mm; B, H, 500 µm; C-F, I-J, 200 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145341/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
|
G-J)
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C304656BA22BFF9B8B49FEECE232EBD0" pageId="43" pageNumber="894" type="materials_examined">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A22BFF9B8B49FEECE33BEB21" blockId="43.[813,1455,304,355]" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">
|
|
MATERIAL. —
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25A22BFF9B8BA5FEEDE35FEB0B" box="[961,1044,304,328]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
|
.
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25A22BFF9B8C72FEEDE36EEB0B" box="[1046,1061,304,328]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15707" name="Field Museum of Natural History, Botany Department" pageId="43" pageNumber="894" type="Herbarium">F</collectionCode>
|
|
.50200 (field number: NAT17-5). Estimated minimal diameter:
|
|
<quantity id="4CE69B05A22BFF9B8C4FFE96E327EB21" box="[1067,1132,331,355]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="43" pageNumber="894" unit="cm" value="11.0">11 cm</quantity>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A22BFF9B8B49FEA6E232EBD0" blockId="43.[813,1401,378,403]" box="[813,1401,378,403]" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">
|
|
LOCALITY. — Kalewa Township,
|
|
<collectingRegion id="49DAF802A22BFF9B8C14FEA7E242EBD1" box="[1136,1289,378,402]" country="Myanmar" name="Sagaing" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">Sagaing Region</collectingRegion>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3097670A22BFF9B8D77FEA6E23EEBD0" box="[1299,1397,379,403]" name="Myanmar" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C304656BA22BFF9B8B49FE77E387EE6D" pageId="43" pageNumber="894" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A22BFF9B8B49FE77E27BEB81" blockId="43.[813,1328,426,450]" box="[813,1328,426,450]" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">AGE. — Upper lower to lowermost middle Miocene.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A22BFF9B8B49FE2AE4F6E852" blockId="43.[811,1458,503,1071]" box="[813,957,503,529]" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A22BFF9B8B49FDCBE387EE6D" blockId="43.[811,1458,503,1071]" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">
|
|
Wood diffuse-porous. Growth rings indistinct. Vessels solitary (55%), often grouped by 2 but also up to 4 (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13252A65A22BFF9B8D5BFDEBE2EAE813" box="[1343,1441,566,592]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="42.[132,157,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-27@42.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIG. 20. — Indet. sp. 1, MNHN.F.50199 (A-F): A, Ts, vessels and few vasicentric parenchyma, solitary secretory canals (arrows) or in short tangential lines, surrounded by parenchyma,remarkably bigger than vessels;B, C, Tls,1-4-seriate rays with sometimes long uniseriate row of marginal cells (arrow); D, Tls,parenchyma cells (white arrow) and secretory canal (black arrow); E, Tls, detail of secretory canals in short tangential line; F, Rls, heterocellular rays with procumbent cells (black arrow) and square or upright cells (white arrow). G-J, Indet. sp. 2, MNHN.F.50200: G, Ts, poorly preserved wood, vessel arrangement often in groups; H-I, Tls, 1-5-seriate rays, with maybe sheath cells (arrows); J, Rls, heterocellular rays with procumbent and square or upright cells.Scale bars: A, G, 1 mm; B, H, 500 µm; C-F, I-J, 200 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145341/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">Fig. 20G</figureCitation>
|
|
), round to oval, 4-12 per mm² (average: 7); tangential diameter 90-200 µm (average: 150 µm).Tyloses absent. Vessel elements 210-420 µm (average:330 µm) long. Perforation plates simple. Intervessel pits alternate, 3-6 µm in diameter (average: 5 µm). Parenchyma vasicentric possibly aliform; parenchyma cells 60-100 µm long (average: 80 µm), 12-30 µm wide (average: 20 µm) in tangential section. Rays 1- to 5-seriate (mostly 3-seriate) (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13252A65A22BFF9B8BC5FCE8E355E913" box="[929,1054,821,848]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="42.[132,157,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-27@42.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIG. 20. — Indet. sp. 1, MNHN.F.50199 (A-F): A, Ts, vessels and few vasicentric parenchyma, solitary secretory canals (arrows) or in short tangential lines, surrounded by parenchyma,remarkably bigger than vessels;B, C, Tls,1-4-seriate rays with sometimes long uniseriate row of marginal cells (arrow); D, Tls,parenchyma cells (white arrow) and secretory canal (black arrow); E, Tls, detail of secretory canals in short tangential line; F, Rls, heterocellular rays with procumbent cells (black arrow) and square or upright cells (white arrow). G-J, Indet. sp. 2, MNHN.F.50200: G, Ts, poorly preserved wood, vessel arrangement often in groups; H-I, Tls, 1-5-seriate rays, with maybe sheath cells (arrows); J, Rls, heterocellular rays with procumbent and square or upright cells.Scale bars: A, G, 1 mm; B, H, 500 µm; C-F, I-J, 200 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145341/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">Fig. 20H, I</figureCitation>
|
|
), 5-8 rays per mm (average: 6), 270- 1130 µm (average: 650 µm) or 6-36 cells high, heterocellular made of procumbent cells with 1-2 upright cells at the ends (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13252A65A22BFF9B8B52FC48E4C5E9EC" box="[822,910,917,943]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="42.[132,157,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-27@42.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIG. 20. — Indet. sp. 1, MNHN.F.50199 (A-F): A, Ts, vessels and few vasicentric parenchyma, solitary secretory canals (arrows) or in short tangential lines, surrounded by parenchyma,remarkably bigger than vessels;B, C, Tls,1-4-seriate rays with sometimes long uniseriate row of marginal cells (arrow); D, Tls,parenchyma cells (white arrow) and secretory canal (black arrow); E, Tls, detail of secretory canals in short tangential line; F, Rls, heterocellular rays with procumbent cells (black arrow) and square or upright cells (white arrow). G-J, Indet. sp. 2, MNHN.F.50200: G, Ts, poorly preserved wood, vessel arrangement often in groups; H-I, Tls, 1-5-seriate rays, with maybe sheath cells (arrows); J, Rls, heterocellular rays with procumbent and square or upright cells.Scale bars: A, G, 1 mm; B, H, 500 µm; C-F, I-J, 200 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145341/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">Fig. 20J</figureCitation>
|
|
); some sheath cells present (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13252A65A22BFF9B8CA0FC48E257E9EC" box="[1220,1308,917,943]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="42.[132,157,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-27@42.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIG. 20. — Indet. sp. 1, MNHN.F.50199 (A-F): A, Ts, vessels and few vasicentric parenchyma, solitary secretory canals (arrows) or in short tangential lines, surrounded by parenchyma,remarkably bigger than vessels;B, C, Tls,1-4-seriate rays with sometimes long uniseriate row of marginal cells (arrow); D, Tls,parenchyma cells (white arrow) and secretory canal (black arrow); E, Tls, detail of secretory canals in short tangential line; F, Rls, heterocellular rays with procumbent cells (black arrow) and square or upright cells (white arrow). G-J, Indet. sp. 2, MNHN.F.50200: G, Ts, poorly preserved wood, vessel arrangement often in groups; H-I, Tls, 1-5-seriate rays, with maybe sheath cells (arrows); J, Rls, heterocellular rays with procumbent and square or upright cells.Scale bars: A, G, 1 mm; B, H, 500 µm; C-F, I-J, 200 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145341/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">Fig. 20I</figureCitation>
|
|
). Fibres nonseptate, 8-20 µm in diameter (mean 15 µm). Secretory canals possibly present as some ducts without perforation plates seem to be filled with an orange content (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13252A65A22BFF9B8CCBFC29E259EE4C" box="[1199,1298,1012,1039]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="42.[132,157,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-27@42.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIG. 20. — Indet. sp. 1, MNHN.F.50199 (A-F): A, Ts, vessels and few vasicentric parenchyma, solitary secretory canals (arrows) or in short tangential lines, surrounded by parenchyma,remarkably bigger than vessels;B, C, Tls,1-4-seriate rays with sometimes long uniseriate row of marginal cells (arrow); D, Tls,parenchyma cells (white arrow) and secretory canal (black arrow); E, Tls, detail of secretory canals in short tangential line; F, Rls, heterocellular rays with procumbent cells (black arrow) and square or upright cells (white arrow). G-J, Indet. sp. 2, MNHN.F.50200: G, Ts, poorly preserved wood, vessel arrangement often in groups; H-I, Tls, 1-5-seriate rays, with maybe sheath cells (arrows); J, Rls, heterocellular rays with procumbent and square or upright cells.Scale bars: A, G, 1 mm; B, H, 500 µm; C-F, I-J, 200 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145341/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">Fig. 20G</figureCitation>
|
|
), also coloring the surrounding cells, recalling a resin.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C304656BA22BFF9B8B49FB88E48BEFAD" pageId="43" pageNumber="894" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A22BFF9B8B49FB88E4E5EE2C" blockId="43.[811,1456,1109,1518]" box="[813,942,1109,1135]" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">DISCUSSION</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A22BFF9B8B49FBA9E48BEFAD" blockId="43.[811,1456,1109,1518]" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">
|
|
This fossil recalls
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A22BFF9B8B80FBA9E3D4EECD" baseAuthorityName="Metcalfe & Chalk" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[996,1183,1140,1166]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="43" pageNumber="894" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Dipterocarpaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
because of: 1) ray heigth, strongly heterocellular; and 2) ducts filled with orange content and without any trace of perforation plates, which could be secretory canals, in tangential sections. Unfortunately, these potential canals are not observable in transverse section, nor any vasicentric tracheids.This specimen resembles
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A22BFF9B8D52FACEE42BEF0E" class="Magnoliopsida" genus="Shoreoxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="43" pageNumber="894" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22BFF9B8D52FACEE2E5EF6E" box="[1334,1454,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">Shoreoxylon</emphasis>
|
|
sp. 1
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
or
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A22BFF9B8BE2FAEEE3EFEF0E" box="[902,1188,1331,1357]" class="Magnoliopsida" genus="Shoreoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="43" pageNumber="894" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="deomaliense">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22BFF9B8BE2FAEEE34BEF0E" box="[902,1024,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">Shoreoxylon</emphasis>
|
|
cf.
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A22BFF9B8C4DFAEEE3EFEF0E" box="[1065,1188,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="894">deomaliense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
for ray size and arrangement, as well as vessel size. The state of preservation of this specimen is not good enough for a conclusive determination; it is impossible to clearly distinguish parenchyma, fibres and pore outlines, suggesting that the specimen has been degraded (see part 5.1).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |