305 lines
47 KiB
XML
305 lines
47 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="662454D138EB513FF2AF3E0B032B1732">Fossil wood from the lower Miocene of Myanmar (Natma Formation): palaeoenvironmental and biogeographic implications</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F27911EF6532C79CCC7E343730DFD92B">Gentis, Nicolas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3D54D923CBC6C90D178308FE0A4EA566">Licht, Alexis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0EF9C72C3AA60673F998CADCD32D1C6E">Boura, Anaïs</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0455FE50CCCB604A64E6C36B0434DD26">Aung, Dario De Franceschi Zaw Win Day Wa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9F0243408EF9C019E5FFC7DE2B134ACF">Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7E440EE5F58FEED92B064E7EAB612014">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="878BAFB49E0B411481FD0701A9F65AF9">
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<mods:date id="0196E7E9A52AFFA18C2713AA1CBE818B">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="410D9546A35FE85FC3CDC921E0954F14">2022-09-29</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B1E9362C01549BD230B576B3FA2B241F">44</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03B787F6A221FF93897DF9AEE44CECEE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7157569" ID-GBIF-Taxon="202152112" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7157569" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6A221FF93897DF9AEE44CECEE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6A221FF93897DF9AEE44CECEE" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="886" pageId="33" pageNumber="884">
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<subSubSection id="C304656BA221FF91897DF9AEE538ECCD" box="[281,627,1651,1678]" pageId="33" pageNumber="884" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0A221FF91897DF9AEE538ECCD" blockId="33.[281,627,1651,1678]" box="[281,627,1651,1678]" pageId="33" pageNumber="884">
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<heading id="D0E9818CA221FF91897DF9AEE538ECCD" box="[281,627,1651,1678]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="33" pageNumber="884" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A221FF91897DF9AEE538ECCD" authority="Du" authorityName="Du" box="[281,627,1651,1678]" class="Magnoliopsida" genus="Shoreoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="33" pageNumber="884" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sumatraense">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A221FF91897DF9AEE6D0ECCD" bold="true" box="[281,411,1651,1678]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="884">Shoreoxylon</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A221FF9189A7F9A9E503ECCD" bold="true" box="[451,584,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="884">sumatraense</emphasis>
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Du
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C304656BA221FF9189F3F949E6BFECED" box="[407,500,1684,1710]" pageId="33" pageNumber="884" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0A221FF9189F3F949E6BFECED" blockId="33.[407,500,1684,1710]" box="[407,500,1684,1710]" pageId="33" pageNumber="884">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13252A65A221FF9189C4F949E6A0ECED" box="[416,491,1684,1710]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="34.[132,157,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-27@34.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIG. 16. — Shoreoxylon cf. sumatraense Du, MNHN.F.50193: A, Ts, vessel often in groups, sometimes in clusters (arrows); B, Ts, long tangential lines of secretory canals (arrows) close to each other; C, D, Tls, 1-4-seriate rays; E, Tls, 3-seriate rays with a uniseriate row of six marginal cells (white arrow), abundant parenchyma (black arrow), 4-8 cells per strand; F, Rls, vessel-ray pits irregular in shape, simple with reduced borders (arrows); G, Ts, synthetic drawing of the transversal section (with only some vessels and rays displayed), visible bands of parenchyma as grey lines and recognized secretory canals as red dots,arranged mostly in long and closely spaced tangential lines; H, Rls, vasicentric tracheids (arrows); I, Rls, heterocellular ray with square or upright marginal cells (arrows). Scale bars: G, 1 cm; A, 1 mm; C, 500 µm; B, 330 µm; D, I, 200 µm; E, H, 100 µm; F, 50 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145333/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="884">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C304656BA221FF9188E0F916E606ECBD" pageId="33" pageNumber="884" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0A221FF9188E0F916E606ECBD" blockId="33.[132,777,1739,1790]" pageId="33" pageNumber="884">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0E11CEA221FF9188E0F916E606ECBD" pageId="33" pageNumber="884">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1A221FF9188E0F916E561ECA0" author="DU N." box="[132,554,1739,1763]" page="342" pageId="33" pageNumber="884" year="1988">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A221FF9188E0F916E561ECA0" authority="Du, 1988 b: 342" authorityName="Du" authorityPageNumber="342" authorityYear="1988" box="[132,554,1739,1763]" class="Magnoliopsida" genus="Shoreoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="33" pageNumber="884" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sumatraense">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A221FF9188E0F916E63EECA0" box="[132,373,1739,1763]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="884">Shoreoxylon sumatraense</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A221FF91891BF911E561ECA0" author="DU N." box="[383,554,1739,1763]" pageId="33" pageNumber="884" pagination="339 - 361" refId="ref40493" refString="DU N. 1988 b. - On some silicified woods from the Quaternary of Indonesia. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, B 91 (4): 339 - 361." type="journal article" year="1988">Du, 1988b: 342</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 1, figs 1-4, pl. 2, figs 1-4, pl. 5, fig. 4.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C304656BA221FF9188E0F8C9E59AEDFD" pageId="33" pageNumber="884" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A221FF9188E0F8C9E51EED05" blockId="33.[132,777,1812,1862]" pageId="33" pageNumber="884">
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B763CBDA221FF9188E0F8C9E51EED05" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3921372324" collectionCode="RGM, B" county="Leiden" location="National Museum of Geology" municipality="Mineralogy" pageId="33" pageNumber="884" specimenCode="RGM 383446" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<typeStatus id="54A58842A221FF9188E0F8C9E7BAED68" box="[132,241,1812,1835]" pageId="33" pageNumber="884" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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. —
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<location id="8EC1603BA221FF918941F8C9E511ED6F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6A221FF93897DF9AEE44CECEE:8EC1603BA221FF918941F8C9E511ED6F" box="[293,602,1812,1836]" county="Leiden" municipality="Mineralogy" name="National Museum of Geology" pageId="33" pageNumber="884">National Museum of Geology</location>
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and
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BC5AC9AA221FF918AF4F8C9E44EED6F" box="[656,773,1812,1836]" pageId="33" pageNumber="884">Mineralogy</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCounty id="62C04E6CA221FF9188E2F8F3E787ED05" box="[134,204,1838,1862]" pageId="33" pageNumber="884">Leiden</collectingCounty>
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, specimen no.
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||
<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25A221FF918939F8F3E6E7ED05" box="[349,428,1838,1862]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/47nz-wbm0" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="33" pageNumber="884" type="Museum">RGM B</collectionCode>
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||
(
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<specimenCode id="DBB89E9BA221FF9189DDF8F3E501ED05" box="[441,586,1838,1862]" collectionCode="RGM" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/47nz-wbm0" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="33" pageNumber="884" type="Museum">RGM 383446</specimenCode>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0A221FF9188E0F880E6EFEDCD" blockId="33.[130,776,1884,1935]" pageId="33" pageNumber="884">
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MATERIAL. —
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<materialsCitation id="3B763CBDA221FF918969F881E6EFEDCD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3921372327" collectionCode="MNHN" pageId="33" pageNumber="884" specimenCode="MNHN.F.50193" specimenCount="1">
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<specimenCode id="DBB89E9BA221FF918969F881E6F8ED37" box="[269,435,1884,1908]" pageId="33" pageNumber="884">MNHN.F.50193</specimenCode>
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(field number: 17FN12). Estimated minimal diameter:
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<quantity id="4CE69B05A221FF91895AF8AAE6EBEDCD" box="[318,416,1911,1935]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="884" unit="cm" value="12.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="10.0">10-14 cm</quantity>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A221FF9188E0F87BE59AEDFD" blockId="33.[132,721,1957,1982]" box="[132,721,1957,1982]" pageId="33" pageNumber="884">
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LOCALITY. — Kalewa Township,
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<collectingRegion id="49DAF802A221FF9189ACF878E52AEDFE" box="[456,609,1957,1981]" country="Myanmar" name="Sagaing" pageId="33" pageNumber="884">Sagaing Region</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3097670A221FF918A0FF87BE586EDFD" box="[619,717,1958,1982]" name="Myanmar" pageId="33" pageNumber="884">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C304656BA221FF9188E0F809E377EFCE" pageId="33" pageNumber="884" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A221FF9188E0F809E4F6EAB1" blockId="33.[132,648,2003,2028]" box="[132,957,216,2028]" lastBlockId="33.[810,1458,216,1421]" pageId="33" pageNumber="884">AGE. — Upper lower to lowermost middle Miocene. DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0A221FF918B49FF2AE377EFCE" blockId="33.[810,1458,216,1421]" pageId="33" pageNumber="884">
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Wood diffuse-porous. Growth rings marked by tangential canal lines. Vessels 45-70% solitary, otherwise in radial multiple of 2-4 and clusters of different size with sometimes many small vessels surrounding bigger ones (
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<figureCitation id="13252A65A221FF918CFDFE8AE3B7EB32" box="[1177,1276,343,369]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="34.[132,157,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-27@34.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIG. 16. — Shoreoxylon cf. sumatraense Du, MNHN.F.50193: A, Ts, vessel often in groups, sometimes in clusters (arrows); B, Ts, long tangential lines of secretory canals (arrows) close to each other; C, D, Tls, 1-4-seriate rays; E, Tls, 3-seriate rays with a uniseriate row of six marginal cells (white arrow), abundant parenchyma (black arrow), 4-8 cells per strand; F, Rls, vessel-ray pits irregular in shape, simple with reduced borders (arrows); G, Ts, synthetic drawing of the transversal section (with only some vessels and rays displayed), visible bands of parenchyma as grey lines and recognized secretory canals as red dots,arranged mostly in long and closely spaced tangential lines; H, Rls, vasicentric tracheids (arrows); I, Rls, heterocellular ray with square or upright marginal cells (arrows). Scale bars: G, 1 cm; A, 1 mm; C, 500 µm; B, 330 µm; D, I, 200 µm; E, H, 100 µm; F, 50 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145333/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="884">Fig. 16A</figureCitation>
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), round to oval, 8-20 per mm² (average: 15); tangential diameter 80-240 µm (average: 160 µm); walls of the vessel cells are thick compared to other cells (about 6-11 µm).Tyloses present, common and visible (
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<figureCitation id="13252A65A221FF918BE5FE0BE486EBB3" box="[897,973,470,496]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="34.[132,157,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-27@34.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIG. 16. — Shoreoxylon cf. sumatraense Du, MNHN.F.50193: A, Ts, vessel often in groups, sometimes in clusters (arrows); B, Ts, long tangential lines of secretory canals (arrows) close to each other; C, D, Tls, 1-4-seriate rays; E, Tls, 3-seriate rays with a uniseriate row of six marginal cells (white arrow), abundant parenchyma (black arrow), 4-8 cells per strand; F, Rls, vessel-ray pits irregular in shape, simple with reduced borders (arrows); G, Ts, synthetic drawing of the transversal section (with only some vessels and rays displayed), visible bands of parenchyma as grey lines and recognized secretory canals as red dots,arranged mostly in long and closely spaced tangential lines; H, Rls, vasicentric tracheids (arrows); I, Rls, heterocellular ray with square or upright marginal cells (arrows). Scale bars: G, 1 cm; A, 1 mm; C, 500 µm; B, 330 µm; D, I, 200 µm; E, H, 100 µm; F, 50 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145333/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="884">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
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A-C). Vessel elements 150-570 µm (average: 350 µm) long. Perforation plates simple. Intervessel pits alternate, 3-6 µm of diameter (average: 4 µm). Vessel-ray pits apparently irregular in size and shape, simple, 4-10 µm (
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<figureCitation id="13252A65A221FF918B52FD8BE4D8E833" box="[822,915,598,624]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="34.[132,157,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-27@34.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIG. 16. — Shoreoxylon cf. sumatraense Du, MNHN.F.50193: A, Ts, vessel often in groups, sometimes in clusters (arrows); B, Ts, long tangential lines of secretory canals (arrows) close to each other; C, D, Tls, 1-4-seriate rays; E, Tls, 3-seriate rays with a uniseriate row of six marginal cells (white arrow), abundant parenchyma (black arrow), 4-8 cells per strand; F, Rls, vessel-ray pits irregular in shape, simple with reduced borders (arrows); G, Ts, synthetic drawing of the transversal section (with only some vessels and rays displayed), visible bands of parenchyma as grey lines and recognized secretory canals as red dots,arranged mostly in long and closely spaced tangential lines; H, Rls, vasicentric tracheids (arrows); I, Rls, heterocellular ray with square or upright marginal cells (arrows). Scale bars: G, 1 cm; A, 1 mm; C, 500 µm; B, 330 µm; D, I, 200 µm; E, H, 100 µm; F, 50 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145333/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="884">Fig. 16F</figureCitation>
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). Vasicentric tracheids present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13252A65A221FF918C81FD8BE202E833" box="[1253,1353,598,624]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="34.[132,157,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-27@34.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIG. 16. — Shoreoxylon cf. sumatraense Du, MNHN.F.50193: A, Ts, vessel often in groups, sometimes in clusters (arrows); B, Ts, long tangential lines of secretory canals (arrows) close to each other; C, D, Tls, 1-4-seriate rays; E, Tls, 3-seriate rays with a uniseriate row of six marginal cells (white arrow), abundant parenchyma (black arrow), 4-8 cells per strand; F, Rls, vessel-ray pits irregular in shape, simple with reduced borders (arrows); G, Ts, synthetic drawing of the transversal section (with only some vessels and rays displayed), visible bands of parenchyma as grey lines and recognized secretory canals as red dots,arranged mostly in long and closely spaced tangential lines; H, Rls, vasicentric tracheids (arrows); I, Rls, heterocellular ray with square or upright marginal cells (arrows). Scale bars: G, 1 cm; A, 1 mm; C, 500 µm; B, 330 µm; D, I, 200 µm; E, H, 100 µm; F, 50 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145333/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="884">Fig. 16H</figureCitation>
|
||
). In cross section, parenchyma indistinguishable from fibres due to poorly preserved cell walls and no obvious difference of size. At least vasicentric and around canals appearing as little flattened cells; parenchyma easily recognizable in tangential section and abundant in places, 4-8 cells per strand (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13252A65A221FF918CB0FD28E27BE953" box="[1236,1328,757,784]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="34.[132,157,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-27@34.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIG. 16. — Shoreoxylon cf. sumatraense Du, MNHN.F.50193: A, Ts, vessel often in groups, sometimes in clusters (arrows); B, Ts, long tangential lines of secretory canals (arrows) close to each other; C, D, Tls, 1-4-seriate rays; E, Tls, 3-seriate rays with a uniseriate row of six marginal cells (white arrow), abundant parenchyma (black arrow), 4-8 cells per strand; F, Rls, vessel-ray pits irregular in shape, simple with reduced borders (arrows); G, Ts, synthetic drawing of the transversal section (with only some vessels and rays displayed), visible bands of parenchyma as grey lines and recognized secretory canals as red dots,arranged mostly in long and closely spaced tangential lines; H, Rls, vasicentric tracheids (arrows); I, Rls, heterocellular ray with square or upright marginal cells (arrows). Scale bars: G, 1 cm; A, 1 mm; C, 500 µm; B, 330 µm; D, I, 200 µm; E, H, 100 µm; F, 50 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145333/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="884">Fig. 16E</figureCitation>
|
||
), it seems as abundant as fibres; parenchyma cells 40-120 µm long (average: 90 µm) 10-30 µm wide (average: 20 µm) in tangential section; no crystal. Rays usually 1- to 4-seriate (mainly 3-, very rarely 5-seriate) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13252A65A221FF918C76FCA8E3DFE9CC" box="[1042,1172,885,911]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="34.[132,157,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-27@34.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIG. 16. — Shoreoxylon cf. sumatraense Du, MNHN.F.50193: A, Ts, vessel often in groups, sometimes in clusters (arrows); B, Ts, long tangential lines of secretory canals (arrows) close to each other; C, D, Tls, 1-4-seriate rays; E, Tls, 3-seriate rays with a uniseriate row of six marginal cells (white arrow), abundant parenchyma (black arrow), 4-8 cells per strand; F, Rls, vessel-ray pits irregular in shape, simple with reduced borders (arrows); G, Ts, synthetic drawing of the transversal section (with only some vessels and rays displayed), visible bands of parenchyma as grey lines and recognized secretory canals as red dots,arranged mostly in long and closely spaced tangential lines; H, Rls, vasicentric tracheids (arrows); I, Rls, heterocellular ray with square or upright marginal cells (arrows). Scale bars: G, 1 cm; A, 1 mm; C, 500 µm; B, 330 µm; D, I, 200 µm; E, H, 100 µm; F, 50 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145333/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="884">Fig. 16C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
), uniseriate for about 20% of the rays, non-storied, 4-8 rays per mm (average: 6), 340- 1040 µm (average 620 µm) or 10-45 cells high; multiseriate rays are heterocellular, made of procumbent cells mostly with 1-4 but sometimes more (9) square or upright cells at the ends (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13252A65A221FF918B52FBC9E4E0EE6C" box="[822,939,1044,1071]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="34.[132,157,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-27@34.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIG. 16. — Shoreoxylon cf. sumatraense Du, MNHN.F.50193: A, Ts, vessel often in groups, sometimes in clusters (arrows); B, Ts, long tangential lines of secretory canals (arrows) close to each other; C, D, Tls, 1-4-seriate rays; E, Tls, 3-seriate rays with a uniseriate row of six marginal cells (white arrow), abundant parenchyma (black arrow), 4-8 cells per strand; F, Rls, vessel-ray pits irregular in shape, simple with reduced borders (arrows); G, Ts, synthetic drawing of the transversal section (with only some vessels and rays displayed), visible bands of parenchyma as grey lines and recognized secretory canals as red dots,arranged mostly in long and closely spaced tangential lines; H, Rls, vasicentric tracheids (arrows); I, Rls, heterocellular ray with square or upright marginal cells (arrows). Scale bars: G, 1 cm; A, 1 mm; C, 500 µm; B, 330 µm; D, I, 200 µm; E, H, 100 µm; F, 50 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145333/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="884">Fig. 16E, I</figureCitation>
|
||
); no mineral inclusion seen. Fibres non-septate, 8-20 µm (average: 13 µm) wide, apparently thin-walled (lumina 1.9 times the double wall thickness in average where the walls are best preserved; or individual cell wall 3-4.4 µm thick), fibres cell walls are poorly preserved; clearly aligned in radial rows. Secretory canals in long tangential bands surrounded by parenchyma, frequent and closely spaced (every
|
||
<quantity id="4CE69B05A221FF918B48FB29E4D6EF4D" box="[812,925,1268,1294]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="33" pageNumber="884" unit="mm" value="1.7" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="0.4">0.4-3 mm</quantity>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13252A65A221FF918BD2FB2EE377EF4D" box="[950,1084,1267,1294]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="34.[132,157,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-27@34.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIG. 16. — Shoreoxylon cf. sumatraense Du, MNHN.F.50193: A, Ts, vessel often in groups, sometimes in clusters (arrows); B, Ts, long tangential lines of secretory canals (arrows) close to each other; C, D, Tls, 1-4-seriate rays; E, Tls, 3-seriate rays with a uniseriate row of six marginal cells (white arrow), abundant parenchyma (black arrow), 4-8 cells per strand; F, Rls, vessel-ray pits irregular in shape, simple with reduced borders (arrows); G, Ts, synthetic drawing of the transversal section (with only some vessels and rays displayed), visible bands of parenchyma as grey lines and recognized secretory canals as red dots,arranged mostly in long and closely spaced tangential lines; H, Rls, vasicentric tracheids (arrows); I, Rls, heterocellular ray with square or upright marginal cells (arrows). Scale bars: G, 1 cm; A, 1 mm; C, 500 µm; B, 330 µm; D, I, 200 µm; E, H, 100 µm; F, 50 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145333/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="884">Fig. 16B, G</figureCitation>
|
||
), 40-75 µm of diameter (average: 60 µm). Black spots and long lines crossing tangentially the section (well visible in low magnification) are interpreted as potential lines of canals, even though their origin remains to be confirmed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13252A65A221FF918BAFFAAEE364EFCE" box="[971,1071,1395,1421]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="34.[132,157,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-27@34.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIG. 16. — Shoreoxylon cf. sumatraense Du, MNHN.F.50193: A, Ts, vessel often in groups, sometimes in clusters (arrows); B, Ts, long tangential lines of secretory canals (arrows) close to each other; C, D, Tls, 1-4-seriate rays; E, Tls, 3-seriate rays with a uniseriate row of six marginal cells (white arrow), abundant parenchyma (black arrow), 4-8 cells per strand; F, Rls, vessel-ray pits irregular in shape, simple with reduced borders (arrows); G, Ts, synthetic drawing of the transversal section (with only some vessels and rays displayed), visible bands of parenchyma as grey lines and recognized secretory canals as red dots,arranged mostly in long and closely spaced tangential lines; H, Rls, vasicentric tracheids (arrows); I, Rls, heterocellular ray with square or upright marginal cells (arrows). Scale bars: G, 1 cm; A, 1 mm; C, 500 µm; B, 330 µm; D, I, 200 µm; E, H, 100 µm; F, 50 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145333/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="884">Fig. 16G</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C304656BA221FF938B49FA6EE44CECEE" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="886" pageId="33" pageNumber="884" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A221FF918B49FA6EE4E5EF8E" blockId="33.[810,1458,1459,2028]" box="[813,942,1459,1485]" pageId="33" pageNumber="884">DISCUSSION</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A221FF938B49FA0EE44DE812" blockId="33.[810,1458,1459,2028]" lastBlockId="35.[130,777,215,1709]" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="886" pageId="33" pageNumber="884">
|
||
This specimen is characterized by: 1) diffuse-porous wood; 2) exclusively simple perforation plates; 3) closely and frequently spaced long tangential lines of secretory canals; 4) vasicentric tracheids; 5) presence of sheath cells; 6) vessels mostly in groups and sometime forming clusters; and 7) 1-4-seriate rays, mostly less than
|
||
<quantity id="4CE69B05A221FF918C79F9AFE31CECCF" box="[1053,1111,1650,1676]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="884" unit="mm" value="1.0">1mm</quantity>
|
||
high. The poor preservation of the specimen makes our observations on ray and parenchyma arrangement uncertain. Nonetheless, its features indicate an affinity with modern and fossil
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A221FF918C09F90FE26CECAF" baseAuthorityName="Metcalfe & Chalk" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[1133,1319,1746,1772]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="33" pageNumber="884" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Dipterocarpaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As discussed p. 882, long tangential bands of canals, grouped vessels and no fibre-tracheids are features compatible with extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A221FF918D06F8CFE2EDED6F" box="[1378,1446,1810,1836]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Shorea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="33" pageNumber="884" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A221FF918D06F8CFE2EDED6F" box="[1378,1446,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="884">Shorea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Among this genus, the sections ‘Shorea’ and ‘Rubroshorea’ are the more compatible with our fossil: ‘Shorea’ for the frequency of vessels (4-10[16] per mm²), the frequency of solitary vessels (55-85%), common tylose, mostly 3-4-seriate rays; ‘Rubroshorea’ for the thickness of fibres, the composition of the rays (with 1-4 row of marginal cells and sometimes more), the propencity to have lines of canals spaced by less than
|
||
<quantity id="4CE69B05A223FF9388A4FF2AE649EB51" box="[192,258,247,274]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="886" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
and small canals (40-80 µm). An examination of different species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A223FF938917FECAE6F3EB72" box="[371,440,279,305]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Shorea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="35" pageNumber="886" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A223FF938917FECAE6F3EB72" box="[371,440,279,305]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="886">Shorea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows that this fossil is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A223FF9388C1FEEAE6FEEB12" authority="Foxw." authorityName="Foxw." box="[165,437,311,337]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Shorea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="35" pageNumber="886" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="negrosensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A223FF9388C1FEEAE622EB12" box="[165,361,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="886">Shorea negrosensis</emphasis>
|
||
Foxw.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(‘Rubroshorea’ section). This species has closely spaced canals that are sometimes small (surrounded by only four parenchyma cells), thin-to-thick fibres walls, parenchyma cells mostly of the same diameter as fibres and flattened around canals, frequent groups of vessels, as well as similar vessel groups and clusters, and aliform to aliform-confluent parenchyma. The modern specimen in our possession (no. CTFT25647) has mostly 3-4-seriate rays with 1-4 marginal rows of cells, sometimes more for thinner rays.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF616668A222FF9288E0F8BAE31AEDAA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145333" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7145333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145333/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="885" startId="34.[132,157,1895,1912]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" targetPageId="34">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A222FF9288E0F8BAE31AEDAA" blockId="34.[132,1456,1895,2025]" pageId="34" pageNumber="885">
|
||
FIG. 16. —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A222FF9288BAF8BAE508ED3B" authority="Du, MNHN. F." authorityName="Du, MNHN. F." box="[222,579,1895,1912]" class="Magnoliopsida" genus="Shoreoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="34" pageNumber="885" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sumatraense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A222FF9288BAF8BAE60EED3B" box="[222,325,1895,1912]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="885">Shoreoxylon</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A222FF928901F8BAE684ED3B" box="[357,463,1895,1912]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="885">sumatraense</emphasis>
|
||
Du, MNHN.F.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
50193:
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A222FF928AE6F8BAE5C4ED3B" bold="true" box="[642,655,1895,1912]" pageId="34" pageNumber="885">A</emphasis>
|
||
, Ts, vessel often in groups, sometimes in clusters (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A222FF928C53F8BAE33EED3B" bold="true" box="[1079,1141,1895,1912]" pageId="34" pageNumber="885">arrows</emphasis>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A222FF928CE0F8BAE3DAED3B" bold="true" box="[1156,1169,1895,1912]" pageId="34" pageNumber="885">B</emphasis>
|
||
, Ts, long tangential lines of secretory canals (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A222FF928888F8A0E661EDCD" bold="true" box="[236,298,1917,1934]" pageId="34" pageNumber="885">arrows</emphasis>
|
||
) close to each other;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A222FF928987F8A0E6BAEDCD" bold="true" box="[483,497,1917,1934]" pageId="34" pageNumber="885">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A222FF928999F8A0E540EDCD" bold="true" box="[509,523,1917,1934]" pageId="34" pageNumber="885">D</emphasis>
|
||
, Tls, 1-4-seriate rays;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A222FF928AADF8A0E59EEDCD" bold="true" box="[713,725,1917,1934]" pageId="34" pageNumber="885">E</emphasis>
|
||
, Tls, 3-seriate rays with a uniseriate row of six marginal cells (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A222FF928C81F8A0E21BEDCD" bold="true" box="[1253,1360,1917,1934]" pageId="34" pageNumber="885">white arrow</emphasis>
|
||
), abundant parenchyma (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A222FF928892F849E614EDE6" bold="true" box="[246,351,1940,1957]" pageId="34" pageNumber="885">black arrow</emphasis>
|
||
), 4-8 cells per strand;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A222FF928A7EF849E56EEDE6" bold="true" box="[538,549,1940,1957]" pageId="34" pageNumber="885">F</emphasis>
|
||
, Rls, vessel-ray pits irregular in shape, simple with reduced borders (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A222FF928C07F849E3EAEDE6" bold="true" box="[1123,1185,1940,1957]" pageId="34" pageNumber="885">arrows</emphasis>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A222FF928CD4F849E3F5EDE6" bold="true" box="[1200,1214,1940,1957]" pageId="34" pageNumber="885">G</emphasis>
|
||
, Ts, synthetic drawing of the transversal section (with only some vessels and rays displayed), visible bands of parenchyma as grey lines and recognized secretory canals as red dots,arranged mostly in long and closely spaced tangential lines;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A222FF928A4DF81FE57CED90" bold="true" box="[553,567,1986,2003]" pageId="34" pageNumber="885">H</emphasis>
|
||
, Rls, vasicentric tracheids (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A222FF928B7FF81FE412ED90" bold="true" box="[795,857,1986,2003]" pageId="34" pageNumber="885">arrows</emphasis>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A222FF928B0CF81FE425ED90" bold="true" box="[872,878,1986,2003]" pageId="34" pageNumber="885">I</emphasis>
|
||
, Rls, heterocellular ray with square or upright marginal cells (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A222FF928D03F81FE2EEED90" bold="true" box="[1383,1445,1986,2003]" pageId="34" pageNumber="885">arrows</emphasis>
|
||
). Scale bars: G, 1 cm; A, 1 mm; C, 500 µm; B, 330 µm; D, I, 200 µm; E, H, 100 µm; F, 50 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A223FF9388FEFD8BE564EC0E" blockId="35.[130,777,215,1709]" pageId="35" pageNumber="886">
|
||
As for the previous
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A223FF938901FD8BE6E2E833" box="[357,425,598,624]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Shorea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="35" pageNumber="886" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A223FF938901FD8BE6E2E833" box="[357,425,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="886">Shorea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like fossil, we compared this one with the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A223FF93894EFDABE6E9E8D3" box="[298,418,630,656]" class="Magnoliopsida" genus="Shoreoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="35" pageNumber="886" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A223FF93894EFDABE6E9E8D3" box="[298,418,630,656]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="886">Shoreoxylon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Our specimen is among the few to have a high frequency of vessels, closely spaced canal lines and thin rays with not so rare uniseriate ones. Four species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A223FF9388E0FD0BE7B1E8B3" box="[132,250,726,752]" class="Magnoliopsida" genus="Shoreoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="35" pageNumber="886" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A223FF9388E0FD0BE7B1E8B3" box="[132,250,726,752]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="886">Shoreoxylon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
share many similarities with our fossil (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13252A65A223FF938AECFD0BE44BE8B3" box="[648,768,726,752]" captionStart="APPENDIX" captionStartId="55.[61,73,447,464]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="APPENDIX 1. — Synthetic summary of main characters of the Dipterocarp fossil woods mentioned in the article, as described by the original authors (first name), the authors who redescribed a specimen of the same species or emmended the original diagnosis (second name), or as extracted from another publication (in parenthesis). Features in parenthesis are less commun." pageId="35" pageNumber="886">Appendix 1</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A223FF9388E0FD28E65AE953" author="AWASTHI N." box="[132,273,757,784]" pageId="35" pageNumber="886" pagination="339 - 351" refId="ref38244" refString="AWASTHI N. 1974. - Occurance of some dipterocarpaceous woods in the Cuddalore series of South India. The Palaeobotanist 21 (3): 339 - 351 (1972). https: // doi. org / 10.54991 / jop. 1972.1496" type="journal article" year="1974">Awasthi 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A223FF938978FD28E6F8E953" author="SUKIMAN S." box="[284,435,757,784]" pageId="35" pageNumber="886" pagination="197 - 209" refId="ref48206" refString="SUKIMAN S. 1977. - Sur deux bois fossiles du gisement de la region Pachitan a Java, in 102 eme Congres national des societes savantes, Limoges (Section des Sciences). Bibliotheque nationale: 197 - 209." type="book chapter" year="1977">Sukiman 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A223FF9389D9FD28E5D4E953" author="TRIVEDI B. S. & AHUJA M." box="[445,671,757,784]" pageId="35" pageNumber="886" pagination="646 - 647" refId="ref48501" refString="TRIVEDI B. S. & AHUJA M. 1979. - Pentacmeoxylon ornatum gen. et sp. nov. from the Siwaliks of Kalagarh. Current Science 48 (14): 646 - 647. https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 24082731" type="journal article" year="1979">Trivedi & Ahuja 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A223FF938ACEFD28E652E973" author="PRAKASH U. & BANDE M. B." pageId="35" pageNumber="886" pagination="261 - 278" refId="ref46302" refString="PRAKASH U. & BANDE M. B. 1980. - Some more fossil woods from the Tertiary of Burma. The Palaeobotanist 26 (3): 261 - 278 (1977). https: // doi. org / 10.54991 / jop. 1977.1071" type="journal article" year="1980">Bande & Prakash 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A223FF93894DFCCBE6D7E96C" author="DU N." box="[297,412,789,816]" pageId="35" pageNumber="886" pagination="339 - 361" refId="ref40493" refString="DU N. 1988 b. - On some silicified woods from the Quaternary of Indonesia. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, B 91 (4): 339 - 361." type="journal article" year="1988">Du 1988b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A223FF9389D2FCCBE5C6E96C" authority="Awasthi" authorityName="Awasthi" box="[438,653,789,816]" class="Magnoliopsida" genus="Shoreoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="35" pageNumber="886" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arcotense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A223FF9389D2FCCBE564E96C" box="[438,559,790,816]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="886">S. arcotense</emphasis>
|
||
Awasthi
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a high density of vessels and small canals, but exclusively solitary and smaller vessels;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A223FF938943FC8BE565E92C" authority="Sukiman" authorityName="Sukiman" box="[295,558,853,880]" class="Magnoliopsida" genus="Shoreoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="35" pageNumber="886" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pachitanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A223FF938943FC8BE68CE92C" box="[295,455,853,880]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="886">S. pachitanensis</emphasis>
|
||
Sukiman
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has similar bands of canals, but higher rays and wider canals;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A223FF938A45FCA8E6C1E9EC" authority="(Trivedi & Ahuja) Bande & Prakash" authorityName="Bande & Prakash" baseAuthorityName="Trivedi & Ahuja" class="Magnoliopsida" genus="Shoreoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="35" pageNumber="886" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ornatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A223FF938A45FCA8E5D9E9CC" box="[545,658,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="886">S. ornatum</emphasis>
|
||
(Trivedi & Ahuja) Bande & Prakash
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also has similar bands of canals, but less frequent and more solitary vessels, rays up to 5-seriate and higher (up to 1870 µm) and sheath cells are present;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A223FF938AC9FC08E781EE4D" class="Magnoliopsida" genus="Shoreoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="35" pageNumber="886" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sumatraense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A223FF938AC9FC08E781EE4D" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="886">S. sumatraense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Quaternary of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DAF802A223FF9389BAFC28E573EE4C" box="[478,568,1013,1039]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara" pageId="35" pageNumber="886">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
|
||
shares most of the main features of our specimen. It has frequent vessels (9-14 per mm²), multiples up to 5 vessels, sometimes clusters, thick walls (15 µm, 6-11 µm in our fossil), parenchyma abundant, rays 1-4-seriate with similar composition and height, radially aligned and thin-walled fibres (3 µm, compared to 3-4.4 µm in our fossil), small canals (40-90 µm compared to 40-75 µm in our fossil).However, it displays wider vessels (200-360 µm), a storied tendency in the parenchyma that cannot be observed in our specimen, and no visible vasicentric tracheids (but they seem present in the figures provided) and sometimes crystals in ray cells. The higher density and smaller vessels in our specimen could be explained by compression or environmental constraints. These differences are minor and can be related to intraspecific variations and the poor preservation of our specimen; we thus attribute our specimen to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A223FF938AC0FA0EE60EEC4E" class="Magnoliopsida" genus="Shoreoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="35" pageNumber="886" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sumatraense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A223FF938AC0FA0EE7EFEC4E" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="886">Shoreoxylon</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A223FF9388AFFA29E60EEC4E" box="[203,325,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="886">sumatraense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A223FF938930FA2EE69EEC4E" author="DU N." box="[340,469,1523,1549]" pageId="35" pageNumber="886" pagination="339 - 361" refId="ref40493" refString="DU N. 1988 b. - On some silicified woods from the Quaternary of Indonesia. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, B 91 (4): 339 - 361." type="journal article" year="1988">Du (1988b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicates that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A223FF938A15FA2EE44CEC4E" box="[625,775,1523,1549]" class="Magnoliopsida" genus="Shoreoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="35" pageNumber="886" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sumatraense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A223FF938A15FA2EE44CEC4E" box="[625,775,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="886">S. sumatraense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shares most features with extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A223FF93898CF9CEE5D5EC6E" box="[488,670,1555,1581]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Shorea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="35" pageNumber="886" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="negrosensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A223FF93898CF9CEE5D5EC6E" box="[488,670,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="886">Shorea negrosensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is in adequacy with our own observations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A223FF9388FFF98EE44CECEE" blockId="35.[130,777,215,1709]" pageId="35" pageNumber="886">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A223FF9388FFF98EE602EC2E" box="[155,329,1619,1645]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Shorea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="35" pageNumber="886" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="negrosensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A223FF9388FFF98EE602EC2E" box="[155,329,1619,1645]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="886">Shorea negrosensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
grows today in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670A223FF938A68F98EE5CBEC2E" box="[524,640,1619,1645]" name="Philippines" pageId="35" pageNumber="886">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
in evergreen, semi-evergreen and seasonal dipterocarp forests at low elevation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A223FF9388E9F94FE653ECEE" author="ASHTON P. S." box="[141,280,1682,1709]" pageId="35" pageNumber="886" pagination="237 - 552" refId="ref37953" refString="ASHTON P. S. 1982. - Dipterocarpaceae, in VAN STEENIS C. G. G. J. (ed.), Flora Malesiana, Series 1, Spermatophyta 9 (2): 237 - 552. https: // repository. naturalis. nl / pub / 532631" type="journal article" year="1982">Ashton 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A223FF938940F94FE53FECEE" author="SOERIANEGARA I. & LEMMENS R. H. M. J." box="[292,628,1682,1709]" pageId="35" pageNumber="886" refId="ref47964" refString="SOERIANEGARA I. & LEMMENS R. H. M. J. (eds) 1993. - Timber trees: Major commercial timbers. Pudoc Scientific Publishers, Wageningen, 610 p. (Plant resources of South-East Asia [PRO- SEA], 5 [1]). https: // www. sudoc. fr / 013093835" type="book" year="1993">Soerianegara & Lemmens 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; EDC 2020).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |