443 lines
54 KiB
XML
443 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document id="C5AAD75ADD2BFD58C79B3C6DB23F646F" ID-CLB-Dataset="26506" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4615.2.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f2ea6903-8250-4cef-b245-7d0358639a32" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3244718" ID-ZooBank="41436B41-169B-4228-AAEC-29C26BCFD77A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1560402730588" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Larrazábal-Filho, Alexandre L., Neres, Patrícia F., Silva, Maria Cristina Da & Esteves, André M." docDate="2019" docId="03AFF861FFEAFF88329CAE98FED05198" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4615.2.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4615 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Spinonema spirale Larrazábal-Filho & Neres & Silva & Esteves 2019, gen. et sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="334" masterDocId="FF968019FFE3FF85320BAE01FFF25074" masterDocTitle="A new genus with three new species of free-living marine nematodes of the subfamily Desmodorinae (Nematoda: Desmodoridae), from the continental shelf off northeastern Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="342" masterPageNumber="321" pageNumber="330" updateTime="1698734701748" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="CB1CD04607A3E5FDE3FB2AC12694CC69" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="05642CF5E789359FD7CC0946C129132A">
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<mods:title id="57CB993E0510208A983CC755EF9406C6">A new genus with three new species of free-living marine nematodes of the subfamily Desmodorinae (Nematoda: Desmodoridae), from the continental shelf off northeastern Brazil</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="12F2FC714A68E889494A3EFF4D0926D8" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="EC1EDD158E0F5818A81053B93F4231AA">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0BBA8C056912D436BF4F42F651B15434">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9CEF6B92EE2C0F52C4BDE36AF980FC84">Larrazábal-Filho, Alexandre L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="0FC4FD5A44B14780462B59F320F425E4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="FB2469808AAC8A0798973D314961B361">Neres, Patrícia F.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="F2A9FABAA33524080C08CF92A973E73F" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="91103F977B5769AE6EC14D50F88B9032">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="C0FED472C6D356039CCC5A56EEC19638">Silva, Maria Cristina Da</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="923453D61569D4D334FC106F806EF693" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="04FE79AA685D6531D3E809293B927898">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="B3604CB2B7CF4F29E8FBAC9F3319836D">Esteves, André M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="88623FC4F9DD536D859143075EE30FEE">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="9DA9EF4860F97D8F4C2C6BF038AA4BC6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="E38DB8877C0967AD6B401FD5A23FFCAB">
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<mods:date id="0A7CDD72BE1BA4A92C2005B54C8F44AE">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3EDB0CE19E09EC36A29D994E0E570237">2019-06-13</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="9A844865431E1F28C030DE9D86CC13F4" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="4603397896A9FA8D01CF1821496C2E1A">4615</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="97735C08F5BAC93F255079B16F6D5089" type="issue">
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<mods:classification id="7E31763EFD0213FF19E960F8AEDF661D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B15026283A5A6D693BD3240C7D41896C" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4615.2.5</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03AFF861FFEAFF88329CAE98FED05198" ID-GBIF-Taxon="157533060" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AFF861FFEAFF88329CAE98FED05198" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AFF861FFEAFF88329CAE98FED05198" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="334" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">
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<subSubSection id="C31C1AFCFFEAFF8C329CAE98FE6550AC" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB94977FFEAFF8C329CAE98FDE950C0" blockId="9.[151,539,153,216]" box="[151,539,153,180]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">
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<heading id="D0F1FE1BFFEAFF8C329CAE98FDE950C0" bold="true" box="[151,539,153,180]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9729565FFEAFF8C329CAE98FDE950C0" bold="true" box="[151,539,153,180]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0632F4FFEAFF8C329CAE98FE8A50C0" authority="Larrazábal-Filho & Neres & Silva & Esteves, 2019" authorityName="Larrazábal-Filho & Neres & Silva & Esteves" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,376,153,180]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spinonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="spirale" status="gen. et sp. n.">
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<emphasis id="B9729565FFEAFF8C329CAE98FE8A50C0" bold="true" box="[151,376,153,180]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Spinonema spirale</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A241281EFFEAFF8C338BAE9BFDE950C0" box="[384,539,154,180]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" rank="species">gen. et sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BB94977FFEAFF8C329CAEBCFE6550AC" blockId="9.[151,539,153,216]" box="[151,407,189,216]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">
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(
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||
<tableCitation id="C6847CCCFFEAFF8C3294AEBCFF0750A3" box="[159,245,189,215]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="13.[151,239,540,564]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="TABLE 2. Measurements (µm) of Spinonema spirale gen. et sp. n. in the Potiguar Basin, Brazil. “-“ = not applicable. The mean are followed by the range for paratype measurements." pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Table 2</tableCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="133D55F2FFEAFF8C330AAEBCFE7850AC" box="[257,394,189,216]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 6" captionStart-1="FIGURE 7" captionStart-2="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="10.[151,250,1929,1954]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,250,1933,1958]" captionStartId-2="12.[151,250,1972,1997]" captionTargetBox-0="[162,1371,180,1869]" captionTargetBox-1="[283,1300,180,1903]" captionTargetBox-2="[222,1379,212,1949]" captionTargetId-0="figure@10.[151,1436,166,1909]" captionTargetId-1="figure@11.[269,1317,166,1913]" captionTargetId-2="figure@12.[205,1381,166,1953]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionTargetPageId-2="12" captionText-0="FIGURE 6. Spinonema spirale gen. et sp. n. Holotype MNRJ 398. A: overview; B: tail region; C: anterior region; D: lateral alae (ANT anterior part and POS posterior part); E: spicules; F: anterior region; G: Inversion of direction of annuli." captionText-1="FIGURE 7. Spinonema spirale gen. et sp. n. A and D, Holotype MNRJ 398; A: Cephalic region; D: Spicules. C and E, Paratype female MNRJ 399; C: Cephalic region; E: Tail region. B and F, Paratype juvenile in stage 1; B: Cephalic region; F: Spines on cuticle." captionText-2="FIGURE 8. Spinonema spirale gen. et sp. n. Paratype female MNRJ 399. A and B: anterior region; C: overview; D: tail region; E: ovary and vulva opening. Paratype juvenile in stage 1. F: spines on cuticle; G: tail region; H: anterior region." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3244728/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3244730/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3244732/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Figures 6–8</figureCitation>
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).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31C1AFCFFEAFF8C329CAF07FB7451FF" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB94977FFEAFF8C329CAF07FB1F5137" blockId="9.[151,1437,261,2016]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">
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<emphasis id="B9729565FFEAFF8C329CAF07FEBA5154" bold="true" box="[151,328,261,288]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Type material:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B6E432AFFEAFF8C335BAF07FB1F5137" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2252532239" collectingDate="2009-06" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="Basin & Faciology & Gear & Van Veen" elevation="45" latitude="-4.75" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-36.75" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" specimenCode="MNRJ 398" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B9729565FFEAFF8C335BAF07FE365154" bold="true" box="[336,452,262,288]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">
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<typeStatus id="54BDF7D5FFEAFF8C335BAF07FE4D5154" box="[336,447,262,288]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
,
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||
</emphasis>
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||
Male adult,
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||
<specimenCode id="DBA0E10CFFEAFF8C305EAF07FD20516B" box="[597,722,261,288]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">MNRJ 398</specimenCode>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE322FB0FFEAFF8C30E8AF04FC985154" box="[739,874,261,288]" degrees="04" direction="south" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-4.75">04°45’00”S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE322FB0FFEAFF8C317CAF04FBE75154" box="[887,1045,261,288]" degrees="036" direction="west" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-36.75">036°45’00”W</geoCoordinate>
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) collected in
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||
<collectingDate id="EFFC965FFFEAFF8C36BAAF07FAD7516B" box="[1201,1317,261,288]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" value="2009-06">
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<date id="FFB86FB7FFEAFF8C36BAAF07FAD7516B" box="[1201,1317,261,288]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" value="2009-06">
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||
June
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||
<quantity id="4CFEE492FFEAFF8C36E6AF04FAD7516B" box="[1261,1317,261,287]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.10286" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" unit="in" value="2009.0">2009</quantity>
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||
</date>
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||
</collectingDate>
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||
in the Po- tiguar
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||
<collectorName id="26F32CA1FFEAFF8C32EBAF28FED15137" box="[224,291,297,323]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Basin</collectorName>
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||
, between 30 and
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||
<elevation id="002BAE44FFEAFF8C33EFAF28FDEF5130" box="[484,541,297,324]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" unit="m" value="45.0">
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||
<quantity id="4CFEE492FFEAFF8C33EFAF28FDEF5130" box="[484,541,297,324]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" unit="m" value="45.0">45 m</quantity>
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||
</elevation>
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||
deep.
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||
<collectorName id="26F32CA1FFEAFF8C306CAF28FD295137" box="[615,731,297,323]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Faciology</collectorName>
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||
: coarse lithoclastic sand.
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||
<collectorName id="26F32CA1FFEAFF8C31FCAF28FBC05137" box="[1015,1074,297,323]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Gear</collectorName>
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||
:
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||
<collectorName id="26F32CA1FFEAFF8C3637AF2BFB5A5137" box="[1084,1192,297,324]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Van Veen</collectorName>
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/corer.
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BB94977FFEAFF8C32CCAF4FFB7451FF" blockId="9.[151,1437,261,2016]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">
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<materialsCitation id="3B6E432AFFEAFF8C32CCAF4FFB7051FF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2252532244" collectingDate="2009-06" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="Potiguar & Faciology & Gear & Van Veen" elevation="45" latitude="-4.75" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-36.75" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" specimenCode="MNRJ 399" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<emphasis id="B9729565FFEAFF8C32CCAF4FFE6E511C" bold="true" box="[199,412,334,360]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">
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<typeStatus id="54BDF7D5FFEAFF8C32CCAF4FFEC6511C" box="[199,308,334,360]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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||
Female:
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||
</emphasis>
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||
Adult,
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||
<specimenCode id="DBA0E10CFFEAFF8C33FAAF4FFD9F5113" box="[497,621,333,360]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">MNRJ 399</specimenCode>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE322FB0FFEAFF8C3075AF4CFCF7511C" box="[638,773,333,360]" degrees="04" direction="south" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-4.75">04°45’00”S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE322FB0FFEAFF8C3119AF4CFC42511C" box="[786,944,333,360]" degrees="036" direction="west" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-36.75">036°45’00”W</geoCoordinate>
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) collected in
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFFC965FFFEAFF8C3640AF4FFB4C5113" box="[1099,1214,333,360]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" value="2009-06">
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<date id="FFB86FB7FFEAFF8C3640AF4FFB4C5113" box="[1099,1214,333,360]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" value="2009-06">
|
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June
|
||
<quantity id="4CFEE492FFEAFF8C368DAF4CFB4C5113" box="[1158,1214,333,359]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.10286" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" unit="in" value="2009.0">2009</quantity>
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||
</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
in the
|
||
<collectorName id="26F32CA1FFEAFF8C3706AF4CFA9E5113" box="[1293,1388,333,359]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Potiguar</collectorName>
|
||
Ba- sin, between 30 and
|
||
<elevation id="002BAE44FFEAFF8C3376AF70FE4451F8" box="[381,438,369,396]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" unit="m" value="45.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4CFEE492FFEAFF8C3376AF70FE4451F8" box="[381,438,369,396]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" unit="m" value="45.0">45 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
deep.
|
||
<collectorName id="26F32CA1FFEAFF8C33F4AF70FD8151FF" box="[511,627,369,395]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Faciology</collectorName>
|
||
: coarse lithoclastic sand.
|
||
<collectorName id="26F32CA1FFEAFF8C319BAF70FC3951FF" box="[912,971,369,395]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Gear</collectorName>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectorName id="26F32CA1FFEAFF8C31DFAF73FBB251FF" box="[980,1088,369,396]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Van Veen</collectorName>
|
||
/corer
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31C1AFCFFEAFF8C32CCAF94FA8B5183" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" type="description">
|
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<paragraph id="8BB94977FFEAFF8C32CCAF94FA8B5183" blockId="9.[151,1437,261,2016]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">
|
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<emphasis id="B9729565FFEAFF8C32CCAF94FEFC51C4" bold="true" box="[199,270,405,432]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Other</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B6E432AFFEAFF8C3312AF97FB7D51A0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2252532238" collectionCode="LMZOO-UFPE" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-juvenile="4" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFEAFF8C3312AF97FE6A51C4" bold="true" box="[281,408,406,432]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BDF7D5FFEAFF8C3312AF97FE6651C4" box="[281,404,406,432]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0082FEFFEAFF8C33A8AF94FDF551DB" box="[419,519,405,431]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(206
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED17D1B2FFEAFF8C305BAF94FCF451DB" box="[592,774,405,431]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">LMZOO-UFPE</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0082FEFFEAFF8C3117AF94FC8751DB" box="[796,885,405,431]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
(207-208
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED17D1B2FFEAFF8C31FAAF94FB5651DB" box="[1009,1188,405,431]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">LMZOO-UFPE</collectionCode>
|
||
) and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0082FEFFEAFF8C36E2AF94FA9951DB" box="[1257,1387,405,431]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" type="juvenile">4 juveniles</specimenCount>
|
||
. All juveniles in first stage of development (J1) (209
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED17D1B2FFEAFF8C30A0AFB8FC9051A7" box="[683,866,441,467]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">LMZOO-UFPE</collectionCode>
|
||
). Collected on same date as
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BDF7D5FFEAFF8C369EAFB8FB0951A7" box="[1173,1275,441,467]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Juvenile stag- es were identified based on the developmental stage of the reproductive system, based on
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF973486FFEAFF8C368DAFDCFA875183" author="Bird, A. & Bird J." box="[1158,1397,477,503]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" refId="ref8230" refString="Bird, A. & Bird J. (1991) The Structure of Nematodes. 2 nd Edition. Academic Press, San Diego, California, 317 pp." type="book" year="1991">Bird and Bird (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31C1AFCFFEAFF8C32CCAC03FBBF5268" box="[199,1101,513,540]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB94977FFEAFF8C32CCAC03FBBF5268" blockId="9.[151,1437,261,2016]" box="[199,1101,513,540]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFEAFF8C32CCAC03FEBC5268" bold="true" box="[199,334,514,540]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Species name refers to the shape and turns of the
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFEAFF8C3175AC03FBB4526F" box="[894,1094,513,540]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">fovea amphidialis</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31C1AFCFFEAFF8C32CCAC24FBD55603" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB94977FFEAFF8C32CCAC24FF025498" blockId="9.[151,1437,261,2016]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFEAFF8C32CCAC24FD5F5234" bold="true" box="[199,685,549,576]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">
|
||
Description.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BDF7D5FFEAFF8C336AAC27FE3C5234" box="[353,462,550,576]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="133D55F2FFEAFF8C33D5AC24FDA2524B" box="[478,592,549,576]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1929,1954]" captionTargetBox="[162,1371,180,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,166,1909]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Spinonema spirale gen. et sp. n. Holotype MNRJ 398. A: overview; B: tail region; C: anterior region; D: lateral alae (ANT anterior part and POS posterior part); E: spicules; F: anterior region; G: Inversion of direction of annuli." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3244728/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Figures 6</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="133D55F2FFEAFF8C3085AC24FD6C5234" box="[654,670,549,576]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1933,1958]" captionTargetBox="[283,1300,180,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[269,1317,166,1913]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Spinonema spirale gen. et sp. n. A and D, Holotype MNRJ 398; A: Cephalic region; D: Spicules. C and E, Paratype female MNRJ 399; C: Cephalic region; E: Tail region. B and F, Paratype juvenile in stage 1; B: Cephalic region; F: Spines on cuticle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3244730/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Body cylindrical, yellowish brown. Cuticle annulated, with vacuoles distributed irregularly, including base of cephalic capsule. The vacuoles are in the inner layer of the cuticle and not in its exterior Annulations absent on tail end with vacuoles. Cuticle with C-shaped lateral alae, thicker than rest of body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133D55F2FFEAFF8C3327AC90FE5152D8" box="[300,419,657,684]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1929,1954]" captionTargetBox="[162,1371,180,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,166,1909]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Spinonema spirale gen. et sp. n. Holotype MNRJ 398. A: overview; B: tail region; C: anterior region; D: lateral alae (ANT anterior part and POS posterior part); E: spicules; F: anterior region; G: Inversion of direction of annuli." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3244728/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Figure 6D</figureCitation>
|
||
); alae begin
|
||
<quantity id="4CFEE492FFEAFF8C303AAC90FD7A52D8" box="[561,648,657,684]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.74" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" unit="mm" value="474.0">474 µm</quantity>
|
||
(445 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CFEE492FFEAFF8C30F2AC90FCA252D8" box="[761,848,657,684]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.82" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" unit="mm" value="482.0">482 µm</quantity>
|
||
for
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BDF7D5FFEAFF8C3174AC93FC1E52D8" box="[895,1004,658,684]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
) from head. Annules are
|
||
<quantity id="4CFEE492FFEAFF8C370CAC90FAB052D8" box="[1287,1346,657,684]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 µm</quantity>
|
||
wide in anterior region,
|
||
<quantity id="4CFEE492FFEAFF8C3347ACB4FE7552A4" box="[332,391,693,720]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 µm</quantity>
|
||
at midbody and
|
||
<quantity id="4CFEE492FFEAFF8C304DACB4FD6452A4" box="[582,662,693,720]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 µm</quantity>
|
||
in posterior region. Somatic setae irregularly arranged or barely visible in pharyngeal region. Other somatic setae present along body, sparse and irregularly distributed. Dorsal spine strongly cuticularized, located on 9
|
||
<superScript id="7C73E43FFFEAFF8C302FACFDFDC3537E" attach="left" box="[548,561,764,778]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">th</superScript>
|
||
(8
|
||
<superScript id="7C73E43FFFEAFF8C3044ACFDFDAE537E" attach="left" box="[591,604,764,778]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">th</superScript>
|
||
and 9
|
||
<superScript id="7C73E43FFFEAFF8C30A9ACFDFD5D537E" attach="left" box="[674,687,764,778]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">th</superScript>
|
||
for
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BDF7D5FFEAFF8C30D5ACFFFCB9536C" box="[734,843,766,792]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
) cuticular ring, along the anterior half of pharyngeal region, and appearing as a projection of the cuticle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133D55F2FFEAFF8C30E9AD20FC92534F" box="[738,864,801,827]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1929,1954]" captionTargetBox="[162,1371,180,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,166,1909]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Spinonema spirale gen. et sp. n. Holotype MNRJ 398. A: overview; B: tail region; C: anterior region; D: lateral alae (ANT anterior part and POS posterior part); E: spicules; F: anterior region; G: Inversion of direction of annuli." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3244728/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Figures 6C</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="133D55F2FFEAFF8C3193AD23FC4C5348" box="[920,958,802,828]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1933,1958]" captionTargetBox="[283,1300,180,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[269,1317,166,1913]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Spinonema spirale gen. et sp. n. A and D, Holotype MNRJ 398; A: Cephalic region; D: Spicules. C and E, Paratype female MNRJ 399; C: Cephalic region; E: Tail region. B and F, Paratype juvenile in stage 1; B: Cephalic region; F: Spines on cuticle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3244730/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">7A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Inversion of direction of cuticular annuli occurring after 63
|
||
<superScript id="7C73E43FFFEAFF8C336BAD45FE9C5326" attach="left" box="[352,366,836,850]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">rd</superScript>
|
||
(63
|
||
<superScript id="7C73E43FFFEAFF8C3391AD45FE5A5326" attach="left" box="[410,424,836,850]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">rd</superScript>
|
||
for all specimens) cuticular ring. Head square. Cephalic capsule
|
||
<quantity id="4CFEE492FFEAFF8C368BAD44FB3B5314" box="[1152,1225,837,864]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 µm</quantity>
|
||
(27 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CFEE492FFEAFF8C3727AD44FA875314" box="[1324,1397,837,864]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" unit="mm" value="28.0">28 µm</quantity>
|
||
for
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BDF7D5FFEAFF8C329CAD6BFEF653F0" box="[151,260,874,900]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
) long and well-developed, with thick cuticle without annulations. Anterior sensilla arrangement: six inner labial papilliform sensilla, six outer labial setiform sensilla. Four cephalic setiform sensilla positioned at anterior edge of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFEAFF8C32F8ADB3FE4953BF" box="[243,443,945,972]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">fovea amphidialis</emphasis>
|
||
. Subcephalic setae absent.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFEAFF8C30FBADB3FC3353BF" box="[752,961,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Fovea amphidialis</emphasis>
|
||
multispiral (3.15 turns for all specimens), occupying 72% (53% and 66% for
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BDF7D5FFEAFF8C3015ADD7FD795384" box="[542,651,982,1008]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
) of diameter of head (smaller in female, i.e., sexual dimorphism). Oral cavity with one dorsal and one small ventral tooth. Pharynx cylindrical, with muscular pyriform endbulb. Nerve ring located posterior to middle of pharynx (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133D55F2FFEAFF8C309BAA1CFCF6544C" box="[656,772,1053,1080]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1929,1954]" captionTargetBox="[162,1371,180,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,166,1909]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Spinonema spirale gen. et sp. n. Holotype MNRJ 398. A: overview; B: tail region; C: anterior region; D: lateral alae (ANT anterior part and POS posterior part); E: spicules; F: anterior region; G: Inversion of direction of annuli." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3244728/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Figure 6F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventral gland and secretory-excretory pore not observed. Cardia inserted in intestine. Reproductive system monorchic, with single anterior testis situated to left of intestine, outstretched. Sperm cells large, globular. Spicules short and arched, with proximal end rounded, and broad
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFEAFF8C3752AA64FA6E540B" box="[1369,1436,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">velum</emphasis>
|
||
present. Gubernaculum intricate, with lateral
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFEAFF8C3098AA8BFD2C54D7" box="[659,734,1162,1187]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">crurae</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsal apophysis of gubernaculum wing-shaped. Cuneus surrounding distal portion of spicules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133D55F2FFEAFF8C302BAAACFD6054BC" box="[544,658,1197,1224]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1957,1982]" captionTargetBox="[221,1343,181,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[208,1380,166,1938]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Spinonema cuticulatum gen. et sp. n. Paratype female MNRJ 397. A: overview; B and C: anterior region; D: ovary and vulva opening; G: tail region. E and F: juvenile in stage 1, anterior region." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3244726/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Figure 5E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Three caudal glands. Tail short, conical and with vacuoles. Spinneret present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB94977FFEAFF8C32CCAAF7FC88567F" blockId="9.[151,1437,261,2016]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFEAFF8C32CCAAF7FDB75564" bold="true" box="[199,581,1269,1296]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BDF7D5FFEAFF8C32CCAAF7FEC65564" box="[199,308,1270,1296]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
females (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133D55F2FFEAFF8C33ACAAF4FDCA5564" box="[423,568,1269,1296]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 7" captionStart-1="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="11.[151,250,1933,1958]" captionStartId-1="12.[151,250,1972,1997]" captionTargetBox-0="[283,1300,180,1903]" captionTargetBox-1="[222,1379,212,1949]" captionTargetId-0="figure@11.[269,1317,166,1913]" captionTargetId-1="figure@12.[205,1381,166,1953]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionText-0="FIGURE 7. Spinonema spirale gen. et sp. n. A and D, Holotype MNRJ 398; A: Cephalic region; D: Spicules. C and E, Paratype female MNRJ 399; C: Cephalic region; E: Tail region. B and F, Paratype juvenile in stage 1; B: Cephalic region; F: Spines on cuticle." captionText-1="FIGURE 8. Spinonema spirale gen. et sp. n. Paratype female MNRJ 399. A and B: anterior region; C: overview; D: tail region; E: ovary and vulva opening. Paratype juvenile in stage 1. F: spines on cuticle; G: tail region; H: anterior region." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3244730/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3244732/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Figures 7–8</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Similar to male, with minor differences.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFEAFF8C362BAAF7FB01557B" box="[1056,1267,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Fovea amphidialis</emphasis>
|
||
proportionally smaller, occupying 53% and 50% of cephalic capsule, and differing in number of turns (2.5 turns for all specimens;
|
||
<figureCitation id="133D55F2FFEAFF8C329CAB3CFEE15523" box="[151,275,1341,1367]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1933,1958]" captionTargetBox="[283,1300,180,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[269,1317,166,1913]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Spinonema spirale gen. et sp. n. A and D, Holotype MNRJ 398; A: Cephalic region; D: Spicules. C and E, Paratype female MNRJ 399; C: Cephalic region; E: Tail region. B and F, Paratype juvenile in stage 1; B: Cephalic region; F: Spines on cuticle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3244730/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Figures 7C</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="133D55F2FFEAFF8C3341AB3CFE9D5523" box="[330,367,1341,1367]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1972,1997]" captionTargetBox="[222,1379,212,1949]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[205,1381,166,1953]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Spinonema spirale gen. et sp. n. Paratype female MNRJ 399. A and B: anterior region; C: overview; D: tail region; E: ovary and vulva opening. Paratype juvenile in stage 1. F: spines on cuticle; G: tail region; H: anterior region." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3244732/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">8A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Another difference is in the position of the cephalic setae, which are located at the base of the cephalic capsule. Inversion of direction of annuli occurring after 58
|
||
<superScript id="7C73E43FFFEAFF8C3180AB61FC6A551A" attach="left" box="[907,920,1376,1390]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">th</superScript>
|
||
and 67
|
||
<superScript id="7C73E43FFFEAFF8C31E0AB61FC0A551A" attach="left" box="[1003,1016,1376,1390]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">th</superScript>
|
||
cuticular ring. Lateral alae begin 292 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CFEE492FFEAFF8C32CCAB84FEED55D4" box="[199,287,1413,1440]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.79" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" unit="mm" value="279.0">279 µm</quantity>
|
||
from head. Nerve ring difficult to observe. Reproductive system with paired ovaries, opposite and reflexed. Both genital branches located to right of intestine. Vulva as simple transverse slit-like aperture. Vagina vera slightly cuticularized. Vagina uterina surrounded by constrictor muscle. No egg found in uterus. Vulva located at 39% and 38% of total body length from anterior end. Tail conical.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB94977FFEAFF8C32CCA814FBD55603" blockId="9.[151,1437,261,2016]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFEAFF8C32CCA814FDFA5644" bold="true" box="[199,520,1557,1584]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">
|
||
Juvenile (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133D55F2FFEAFF8C3331A814FE5E5644" box="[314,428,1557,1584]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1933,1958]" captionTargetBox="[283,1300,180,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[269,1317,166,1913]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Spinonema spirale gen. et sp. n. A and D, Holotype MNRJ 398; A: Cephalic region; D: Spicules. C and E, Paratype female MNRJ 399; C: Cephalic region; E: Tail region. B and F, Paratype juvenile in stage 1; B: Cephalic region; F: Spines on cuticle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3244730/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Figures 7</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="133D55F2FFEAFF8C33E1A814FE0B5644" box="[490,505,1557,1584]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1972,1997]" captionTargetBox="[222,1379,212,1949]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[205,1381,166,1953]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Spinonema spirale gen. et sp. n. Paratype female MNRJ 399. A and B: anterior region; C: overview; D: tail region; E: ovary and vulva opening. Paratype juvenile in stage 1. F: spines on cuticle; G: tail region; H: anterior region." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3244732/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">8</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Very similar to adults, except lacking lateral alae. However, the stage
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0082FEFFEAFF8C3727A814FA6E565B" box="[1324,1436,1557,1583]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" type="juvenile">1 juvenile</specimenCount>
|
||
has a distinctive characteristic, the presence of setae or spines on the cuticle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133D55F2FFEAFF8C360AA838FB8E5620" box="[1025,1148,1593,1620]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1933,1958]" captionTargetBox="[283,1300,180,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[269,1317,166,1913]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Spinonema spirale gen. et sp. n. A and D, Holotype MNRJ 398; A: Cephalic region; D: Spicules. C and E, Paratype female MNRJ 399; C: Cephalic region; E: Tail region. B and F, Paratype juvenile in stage 1; B: Cephalic region; F: Spines on cuticle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3244730/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Figures 7F</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="133D55F2FFEAFF8C36BEA838FB245627" box="[1205,1238,1593,1619]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1972,1997]" captionTargetBox="[222,1379,212,1949]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[205,1381,166,1953]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Spinonema spirale gen. et sp. n. Paratype female MNRJ 399. A and B: anterior region; C: overview; D: tail region; E: ovary and vulva opening. Paratype juvenile in stage 1. F: spines on cuticle; G: tail region; H: anterior region." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3244732/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">8F</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the course of further development, this feature is lost. Four juveniles were found, all in stage 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31C1AFCFFEAFF8832CCA880FED05198" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="334" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB94977FFEAFF8C32CCA880FD835773" blockId="9.[151,1437,261,2016]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFEAFF8C32CCA880FEB056E8" bold="true" box="[199,322,1665,1692]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0632F4FFEAFF8C3341A883FDEF56EF" authority="Larrazábal-Filho & Neres & Silva & Esteves, 2019" authorityName="Larrazábal-Filho & Neres & Silva & Esteves" authorityYear="2019" box="[330,541,1665,1692]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spinonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="spirale" status="gen. et sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFEAFF8C3341A883FDEF56EF" box="[330,541,1665,1692]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Spinonema spirale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A241281EFFEAFF8C302EA883FD4F56E8" box="[549,701,1666,1692]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFEAFF8C302EA883FD4F56E8" bold="true" box="[549,701,1666,1692]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">gen. et sp. n.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is characterized by having a cuticle with vacuoles in all parts of the body, a multispiral
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFEAFF8C3397A8A7FD9756CB" box="[412,613,1701,1728]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">fovea amphidialis</emphasis>
|
||
(3.15 turns), sexual dimorphism in the size of the fovea amphidialis and position of cephalic setae, one dorsal spine, lateral alae, gubernaculum intricate with a wing-shaped apophysis, surrounding the distal portion of the spicules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB94977FFEAFF8832CCA910FB75514A" blockId="9.[151,1437,261,2016]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,152,492]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="334" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFEAFF8C32CCA910FE9B5758" bold="true" box="[199,361,1809,1836]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Relationships</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0632F4FFEAFF8C337AA913FDB6575F" authority="Larrazábal-Filho & Neres & Silva & Esteves, 2019" authorityName="Larrazábal-Filho & Neres & Silva & Esteves" authorityYear="2019" box="[369,580,1809,1836]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spinonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="spirale" status="gen. et sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFEAFF8C337AA913FDB6575F" box="[369,580,1809,1836]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Spinonema spirale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A241281EFFEAFF8C3047A913FD115758" box="[588,739,1810,1836]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFEAFF8C3047A913FD115758" bold="true" box="[588,739,1810,1836]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">gen. et sp. n.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0632F4FFEAFF8C3171A913FBE9575F" authority="Larrazábal-Filho & Neres & Silva & Esteves, 2019" authorityName="Larrazábal-Filho & Neres & Silva & Esteves" authorityYear="2019" box="[890,1051,1809,1836]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spinonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cuticulatum" status="gen. et sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFEAFF8C3171A913FBE9575F" box="[890,1051,1809,1836]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">S. cuticulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A241281EFFEAFF8C3628A913FB495758" box="[1059,1211,1810,1836]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFEAFF8C3628A913FB495758" bold="true" box="[1059,1211,1810,1836]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">gen. et sp. n.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
The similarities are mainly in the cuticle, which shows strong annulations and vacuoles, a cuticularized dorsal spine and an inversion ring (structure that defines the inversion of the direction of the cuticular annuli). Differences also occur in the cuticle, i.e., in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0632F4FFEAFF8C332EA97FFE3457E3" authority="Larrazábal-Filho & Neres & Silva & Esteves, 2019" authorityName="Larrazábal-Filho & Neres & Silva & Esteves" authorityYear="2019" box="[293,454,1917,1944]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spinonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cuticulatum" status="gen. et sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFEAFF8C332EA97FFE3457E3" box="[293,454,1917,1944]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">S. cuticulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A241281EFFEAFF8C33C5A97FFD9757EC" box="[462,613,1918,1944]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFEAFF8C33C5A97FFD9757EC" bold="true" box="[462,613,1918,1944]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">gen. et sp. n.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
the vacuoles start to appear from 9
|
||
<superScript id="7C73E43FFFEAFF8C31FDA97DFBF157FE" attach="left" box="[1014,1027,1916,1930]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">th</superScript>
|
||
cuticular annule, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0632F4FFEAFF8C373AA97FFA6E57E3" authority="Larrazábal-Filho & Neres & Silva & Esteves, 2019" authorityName="Larrazábal-Filho & Neres & Silva & Esteves" authorityYear="2019" box="[1329,1436,1917,1944]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spinonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="spirale" status="gen. et sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFEAFF8C373AA97FFA6E57E3" box="[1329,1436,1917,1944]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">S. spirale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A241281EFFEAFF8C329CA9A3FEC257C8" box="[151,304,1954,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFEAFF8C329CA9A3FEC257C8" bold="true" box="[151,304,1954,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">gen. et sp. n.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
has vacuoles in all annules, including the cephalic capsule. The size, shape and number of turns of the
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFEAFF8C32CBA9C7FE7557AB" box="[192,391,1989,2016]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">fovea amphidialis</emphasis>
|
||
differ between the two species: in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0632F4FFEAFF8C3101A9C7FC5857AB" authority="Larrazábal-Filho & Neres & Silva & Esteves, 2019" authorityName="Larrazábal-Filho & Neres & Silva & Esteves" authorityYear="2019" box="[778,938,1989,2016]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spinonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cuticulatum" status="gen. et sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFEAFF8C3101A9C7FC5857AB" box="[778,938,1989,2016]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">S. cuticulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A241281EFFEAFF8C31BBA9C7FBB15794" box="[944,1091,1990,2016]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFEAFF8C31BBA9C7FBB15794" bold="true" box="[944,1091,1990,2016]" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">gen. et sp. n.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
the
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFEAFF8C3679A9C7FACB57AB" box="[1138,1337,1989,2016]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">fovea amphidialis</emphasis>
|
||
has 1.25 turns, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0632F4FFEEFF883354AE98FE3850C7" authority="Larrazábal-Filho & Neres & Silva & Esteves, 2019" authorityName="Larrazábal-Filho & Neres & Silva & Esteves" authorityYear="2019" box="[351,458,153,179]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spinonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="334" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="spirale" status="gen. et sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFEEFF883354AE98FE3850C7" box="[351,458,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="334">S. spirale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A241281EFFEEFF8833DAAE98FD9A50C7" box="[465,616,153,179]" pageId="13" pageNumber="334" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFEEFF8833DAAE98FD9A50C7" bold="true" box="[465,616,153,179]" pageId="13" pageNumber="334">gen. et sp. n.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
it has 3.15 turns (male) and 2.5 turns (female), with sexual dimorphism. However, the major differences are in the male reproductive system: in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0632F4FFEEFF8831C0AEBDFB9F50A2" authority="Larrazábal-Filho & Neres & Silva & Esteves, 2019" authorityName="Larrazábal-Filho & Neres & Silva & Esteves" authorityYear="2019" box="[971,1133,188,214]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spinonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="334" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cuticulatum" status="gen. et sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFEEFF8831C0AEBDFB9F50A2" box="[971,1133,188,214]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="334">S. cuticulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A241281EFFEEFF88367DAEBDFAFD50A2" box="[1142,1295,188,214]" pageId="13" pageNumber="334" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFEEFF88367DAEBDFAFD50A2" bold="true" box="[1142,1295,188,214]" pageId="13" pageNumber="334">gen. et sp. n.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
the spicules have hook-shaped capitulum and the gubernaculum lacks an apophysis, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0632F4FFEEFF883655AEDEFB39508C" authority="Larrazábal-Filho & Neres & Silva & Esteves, 2019" authorityName="Larrazábal-Filho & Neres & Silva & Esteves" authorityYear="2019" box="[1118,1227,222,249]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spinonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="334" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="spirale" status="gen. et sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFEEFF883655AEDEFB39508C" box="[1118,1227,222,249]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="334">S. spirale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A241281EFFEEFF8836DFAEDFFA83508C" box="[1236,1393,222,248]" pageId="13" pageNumber="334" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFEEFF8836DFAEDFFA83508C" bold="true" box="[1236,1393,222,248]" pageId="13" pageNumber="334">gen. et sp. n.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
the spicules have a rounded capitulum; the gubernaculum is intricate, with lateral
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFEEFF88361BAF03FBA9516F" box="[1040,1115,258,283]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="334">crurae</emphasis>
|
||
; the dorsal apophysis of the gubernaculum is wing-shaped; and the cuneus surrounds the distal portion of the spicules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7919FFFFE9FF8F329CA988FAD957B2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3244728/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="331" startId="10.[151,250,1929,1954]" targetBox="[162,1371,180,1869]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB94977FFE9FF8F329CA988FAD957B2" blockId="10.[151,1436,1929,1990]" pageId="10" pageNumber="331">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFE9FF8F329CA988FEE657D6" bold="true" box="[151,276,1929,1954]" pageId="10" pageNumber="331">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0632F4FFE9FF8F3310A98BFE2B57D6" authority="Larrazábal-Filho & Neres & Silva & Esteves, 2019" authorityName="Larrazábal-Filho & Neres & Silva & Esteves" authorityYear="2019" box="[283,473,1930,1954]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spinonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="331" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="spirale" status="gen. et sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFE9FF8F3310A98BFE2B57D6" box="[283,473,1930,1954]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="331">Spinonema spirale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A241281EFFE9FF8F33EAA98BFD9B57D6" box="[481,617,1930,1954]" pageId="10" pageNumber="331" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFE9FF8F33EAA98BFD9B57D6" bold="true" box="[481,617,1930,1954]" pageId="10" pageNumber="331">gen. et sp. n.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Holotype MNRJ 398.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFE9FF8F315FA988FC9457D6" bold="true" box="[852,870,1929,1954]" pageId="10" pageNumber="331">A</emphasis>
|
||
: overview;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFE9FF8F31EAA98BFC0057D6" bold="true" box="[993,1010,1930,1954]" pageId="10" pageNumber="331">B</emphasis>
|
||
: tail region;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFE9FF8F367CA988FB7B57D6" bold="true" box="[1143,1161,1929,1954]" pageId="10" pageNumber="331">C</emphasis>
|
||
: anterior region;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFE9FF8F3737A98BFABC57D6" bold="true" box="[1340,1358,1930,1954]" pageId="10" pageNumber="331">D</emphasis>
|
||
: lateral alae (ANT anterior part and POS posterior part);
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFE9FF8F3082A9AFFD6857B2" bold="true" box="[649,666,1966,1990]" pageId="10" pageNumber="331">E</emphasis>
|
||
: spicules;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFE9FF8F310DA9AFFCE757B2" bold="true" box="[774,789,1966,1990]" pageId="10" pageNumber="331">F</emphasis>
|
||
: anterior region;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFE9FF8F31CDA9ACFC2857B2" bold="true" box="[966,986,1965,1990]" pageId="10" pageNumber="331">G</emphasis>
|
||
: Inversion of direction of annuli.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF7919FFFFE8FF8E329CA98CFF10579A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3244730/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" startId="11.[151,250,1933,1958]" targetBox="[283,1300,180,1903]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB94977FFE8FF8E329CA98CFF10579A" blockId="11.[151,1437,1933,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFE8FF8E329CA98CFEE057D2" bold="true" box="[151,274,1933,1958]" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0632F4FFE8FF8E331CA98FFE2157D2" authority="Larrazábal-Filho & Neres & Silva & Esteves, 2019" authorityName="Larrazábal-Filho & Neres & Silva & Esteves" authorityYear="2019" box="[279,467,1934,1958]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spinonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="spirale" status="gen. et sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFE8FF8E331CA98FFE2157D2" box="[279,467,1934,1958]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">Spinonema spirale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A241281EFFE8FF8E33D2A98FFDAE57D2" box="[473,604,1934,1958]" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFE8FF8E33D2A98FFDAE57D2" bold="true" box="[473,604,1934,1958]" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">gen. et sp. n.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A and D, Holotype MNRJ 398; A: Cephalic region; D: Spicules. C and E, Paratype female MNRJ 399; C: Cephalic region; E: Tail region. B and F, Paratype juvenile in stage 1; B: Cephalic region; F: Spines on cuticle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF7919FFFFEFFF89329CA9B5FAFB5785" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3244732/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="333" startId="12.[151,250,1972,1997]" targetBox="[222,1379,212,1949]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB94977FFEFFF89329CA9B5FAFB5785" blockId="12.[151,1436,1972,2033]" pageId="12" pageNumber="333">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFEFFF89329CA9B5FEE057B9" bold="true" box="[151,274,1972,1997]" pageId="12" pageNumber="333">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0632F4FFEFFF893313A9B4FE2657B9" authority="Larrazábal-Filho & Neres & Silva & Esteves, 2019" authorityName="Larrazábal-Filho & Neres & Silva & Esteves" authorityYear="2019" box="[280,468,1973,1997]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spinonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="12" pageNumber="333" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="spirale" status="gen. et sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFEFFF893313A9B4FE2657B9" box="[280,468,1973,1997]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="333">Spinonema spirale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A241281EFFEFFF8933D1A9B4FDAF57B9" box="[474,605,1973,1997]" pageId="12" pageNumber="333" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFEFFF8933D1A9B4FDAF57B9" bold="true" box="[474,605,1973,1997]" pageId="12" pageNumber="333">gen. et sp. n.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Paratype female MNRJ 399.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFEFFF89318DA9B5FC6557B9" bold="true" box="[902,919,1972,1997]" pageId="12" pageNumber="333">A</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFEFFF8931CCA9B4FC2A57B9" bold="true" box="[967,984,1973,1997]" pageId="12" pageNumber="333">B</emphasis>
|
||
: anterior region;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFEFFF89368DA9B5FB6A57B9" bold="true" box="[1158,1176,1972,1997]" pageId="12" pageNumber="333">C</emphasis>
|
||
: overview;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFEFFF89371BA9B4FAD057B9" bold="true" box="[1296,1314,1973,1997]" pageId="12" pageNumber="333">D</emphasis>
|
||
: tail region;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFEFFF89329CA9D8FF5A5785" bold="true" box="[151,168,2009,2033]" pageId="12" pageNumber="333">E</emphasis>
|
||
: ovary and vulva opening. Paratype juvenile in stage 1.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFEFFF8930E9A9D8FD035785" bold="true" box="[738,753,2009,2033]" pageId="12" pageNumber="333">F</emphasis>
|
||
: spines on cuticle;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFEFFF8931BEA9D9FC3B5785" bold="true" box="[949,969,2008,2033]" pageId="12" pageNumber="333">G</emphasis>
|
||
: tail region;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9729565FFEFFF893640A9D8FBAD5785" bold="true" box="[1099,1119,2009,2033]" pageId="12" pageNumber="333">H</emphasis>
|
||
: anterior region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB94977FFEEFF8832CCAF47FED05198" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,492]" pageId="13" pageNumber="334">
|
||
All juveniles found have similar characteristics to the adults. In this species, stage
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0082FEFFEEFF88365DAF47FB3D5114" box="[1110,1231,326,352]" pageId="13" pageNumber="334" type="juvenile">1 juveniles</specimenCount>
|
||
have setae associated with cuticular annulations, which are lost during development. The presence of characters in juveniles that are later lost by adults has not been reported for any other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0632F4FFEEFF883161AF8DFBE351D2" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1922" box="[874,1041,396,422]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="334" phylum="Nematoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Desmodorinae">Desmodorinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, this difference may only be apparent, because the descriptions of the majority of the species are inadequate and do not include descriptions of juveniles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |