155 lines
18 KiB
XML
155 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="0A16A210B603CFF0B5074F634E850A3C" ID-CLB-Dataset="29479" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4471.2.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="694f85ad-7913-43ea-89b9-8eb4e20f0821" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1439674" ID-ZooBank="CE4C6E73-09CB-4E74-91C5-771B3696DC52" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1538364447371" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Smith, Andrew B. T. & Evans, Arthur V." docDate="2018" docId="03AF87E48E4EFFDAFF49F95BFF3E81F6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4471.2.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4471 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Athliini Smith & Evans 2018" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="281" masterDocId="FF96FF9C8E4FFFD8FFDEFFC7FFE38255" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic review of Athliini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae), a new tribe of scarab beetles endemic to South America" masterLastPageNumber="308" masterPageNumber="279" pageNumber="280" updateTime="1698558211898" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="C2D6654587FEA044D93FB89E86D587A9">Taxonomic review of Athliini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae), a new tribe of scarab beetles endemic to South America</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F20DB80A0AD48B86164EA14A778F721E">Smith, Andrew B. T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DD81B9A346CB13BE05659C912E88F68F">Evans, Arthur V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="46C12F488C27F6659A64FFF9AA0C33BE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="48048631A1A6F24A256C322D1A2C0372">
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<mods:date id="419F2399C09272BD81D864A2B1026E2B">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C5E25E6CD6A13E9A36C5D9A774E7B67E">2018-09-05</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="DF6B8D603A2542451F87E4F3C7364650">4471</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03AF87E48E4EFFDAFF49F95BFF3E81F6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6490207" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148415674" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6490207" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AF87E48E4EFFDAFF49F95BFF3E81F6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AF87E48E4EFFDAFF49F95BFF3E81F6" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="281" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">
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<subSubSection id="C31C65798E4EFFD9FF49F95BFB64848D" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB936F28E4EFFD9FF49F95BFDA284E3" blockId="1.[151,1159,1692,1752]" box="[151,577,1692,1718]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">
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<heading id="D0F1819E8E4EFFD9FF49F95BFDA284E3" bold="true" box="[151,577,1692,1718]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B972EAE08E4EFFD9FF49F95BFDA284E3" bold="true" box="[151,577,1692,1718]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">
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<taxonomicName id="4C064D718E4EFFD9FF49F95BFF1484E3" ID-CoL="KM4" authorityName="Smith & Evans" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,247,1692,1718]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Athliini">Athliini</taxonomicName>
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Smith & Evans, new tribe
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB936F28E4EFFD9FF49F978FB64848D" blockId="1.[151,1159,1692,1752]" box="[151,1159,1727,1752]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">
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http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1EF3248F-813E-4307-AD07-43E4F3
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<accessionNumber id="9455AB118E4EFFD9FBF3F978FB64848D" box="[1069,1159,1727,1752]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/F75677" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" type="EnaNcbi">F75677</accessionNumber>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31C65798E4EFFD9FF49F8C5FE21854D" box="[151,450,1794,1816]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB936F28E4EFFD9FF49F8C5FE21854D" blockId="1.[151,450,1794,1816]" box="[151,450,1794,1816]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">
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<emphasis id="B972EAE08E4EFFD9FF49F8C5FEF5854D" bold="true" box="[151,278,1794,1816]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Type genus.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C064D718E4EFFD9FEC2F8C5FE21854D" authority="Erichson." authorityName="Erichson." box="[284,450,1794,1816]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Athlia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B972EAE08E4EFFD9FEC2F8C5FEB9854D" box="[284,346,1794,1816]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Athlia</emphasis>
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Erichson.
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31C65798E4EFFDAFF49F8F8FB57839A" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="281" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BB936F28E4EFFDAFF49F8F8FF3183F8" blockId="1.[151,1437,1855,2025]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,931]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="281" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">
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<emphasis id="B972EAE08E4EFFD9FF49F8F8FEE9850D" bold="true" box="[151,266,1855,1880]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. Labrum transverse, originating below and fused to anterior clypeal margin so that they are coplanar; labroclypeal suture evident. Clypeus and frons are coplanar. Ocular canthus present, margin continuous with lateral clypeal margin. Antennae with 8 or 9 antennomeres, club with three short, thick, subequal lamellae. Mentum with insertions of labial palpi not exposed. Pronotum with anterior margin membranous. Abdomen with 6 ventrites, 2–5 equal in length and not strongly narrowed medially, 5 and 6 not separated by a membrane, with (
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<taxonomicName id="4C064D718E4EFFD9FAD6F817FA7785BD" authority="Smith & Evans, 2018" authorityName="Smith & Evans" authorityYear="2018" box="[1288,1428,2000,2024]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Apteroathlia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B972EAE08E4EFFD9FAD6F817FA7785BD" box="[1288,1428,2000,2024]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Apteroathlia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C064D718E4DFFDAFF49FF5FFF3882E5" box="[151,219,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Athlia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B972EAE08E4DFFDAFF49FF5FFF3882E5" box="[151,219,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Athlia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) or without carinae on sides, and a distinct propygidial-sternal suture. Propygidium plain, fused to tergite with suture more-or-less evident, spiracle not within or immediately adjacent to suture. Procoxae conical and protuberant, anterior height greater than basal width. Protibial spur present. Metepimeron triangular with a distinct ridge. Outer surfaces of mesotibiae and metibiae with indication of partial or complete (
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<taxonomicName id="4C064D718E4DFFDAFBA8FEC3FB598349" box="[1142,1210,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Athlia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B972EAE08E4DFFDAFBA8FEC3FB598349" box="[1142,1210,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Athlia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) transverse carinae. Metatibial apex transverse, inner margin distinctly notched with two spurs, each set above and below tarsal articulation so that the first tarsomere passes between them. Opposing claws symmetrical, incised, toothed, or simple, with a short and bisetose onychium; claws of
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<taxonomicName id="4C064D718E4DFFDAFCD5FEB7FC4683DD" authorityName="Gutierrez" authorityYear="1949" box="[779,933,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dihymenonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B972EAE08E4DFFDAFCD5FEB7FC4683DD" box="[779,933,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Dihymenonyx</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with a fleshy lobe underneath each side of claw.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB936F28E4DFFDAFF19FE70FB57839A" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,931]" box="[199,1204,439,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
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<emphasis id="B972EAE08E4DFFDAFF19FE70FE848385" bold="true" box="[199,359,439,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Composition.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C064D718E4DFFDAFEB3FE7FFD4D839A" authority="Smith & Evans" authorityName="Smith & Evans" authorityYear="2018" box="[365,686,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Apteroathlia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B972EAE08E4DFFDAFEB3FE7FFE198385" box="[365,506,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Apteroathlia</emphasis>
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Smith & Evans
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A241579B8E4DFFDAFD64FE70FCD68385" box="[698,821,439,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B972EAE08E4DFFDAFD64FE70FCD68385" bold="true" box="[698,821,439,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">new genus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C064D718E4DFFDAFC9AFE7FFC6B8385" box="[836,904,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Athlia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B972EAE08E4DFFDAFC9AFE7FFC6B8385" box="[836,904,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Athlia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C064D718E4DFFDAFC48FE7FFBD38385" authorityName="Gutierrez" authorityYear="1949" box="[918,1072,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dihymenonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B972EAE08E4DFFDAFC48FE7FFBD38385" box="[918,1072,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Dihymenonyx</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C064D718E4DFFDAFBB3FE7FFB4E8385" box="[1133,1197,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ulata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B972EAE08E4DFFDAFBB3FE7FFB4E8385" box="[1133,1197,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Ulata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31C65798E4DFFDAFF19FE1EFF3E81F6" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BB936F28E4DFFDAFF19FE1EFD3783A7" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,931]" box="[199,724,473,498]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
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<emphasis id="B972EAE08E4DFFDAFF19FE1EFE8383A7" bold="true" box="[199,352,473,498]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Southern half of South America.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB936F28E4DFFDAFF19FE3DFAA180EF" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,931]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
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<emphasis id="B972EAE08E4DFFDAFF19FE3DFEF38046" bold="true" box="[199,272,506,531]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Notes.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C064D718E4DFFDAFECBFE3DFE898046" authorityName="Smith & Evans" authorityYear="2018" box="[277,362,506,531]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Athliini">Athliini</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B972EAE08E4DFFDAFEAFFE3DFE3D8046" bold="true" box="[369,478,506,531]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">new tribe</emphasis>
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is distinguished from all Neotropical Sericoidini and Australian Liparetrini (and similar Australian tribes) by the distinct labrum that is fused to and coplanar with the anterior clypeal margin, a morphological feature that superficially resembles that found in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C064D718E4DFFDAFC56FDFAFC028003" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1837" box="[904,993,573,598]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Sericini">Sericini</taxonomicName>
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. Sexual dimorphism in this tribe is very subtle and difficult to detect. The antennal club is reduced in both sexes (generally less than half the length of the funicle) and there are no sexually dimorphic characters in the head or legs. The convexity of the abdomen is generally sexually dimorphic but the differences are subtle since the abdomen in both sexes appears convex or inflated.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB936F28E4DFFDAFF19FD05FB2E816A" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,931]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
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Three of the genera in this tribe (
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<taxonomicName id="4C064D718E4DFFDAFD98FD04FD31808E" authority="Smith & Evans, 2018" authorityName="Smith & Evans" authorityYear="2018" box="[582,722,707,731]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Apteroathlia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B972EAE08E4DFFDAFD98FD04FD31808E" box="[582,722,707,731]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Apteroathlia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C064D718E4DFFDAFD3CFD04FCC5808E" box="[738,806,707,731]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Athlia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B972EAE08E4DFFDAFD3CFD04FCC5808E" box="[738,806,707,731]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Athlia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C064D718E4DFFDAFCE8FD04FC33808E" authorityName="Gutierrez" authorityYear="1949" box="[822,976,707,731]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dihymenonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B972EAE08E4DFFDAFCE8FD04FC33808E" box="[822,976,707,731]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Dihymenonyx</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) include species with reduced or absent metathoracic wings, thus indicating a general evolutionary trend of flightlessness in this group for species living in arid habitats.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF974B038E4DFFDAFEF3FCC2FE31814B" box="[301,466,773,798]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" refId="ref11340" refString="Scholtz, C. H. (2000) Evolution of flightlessness in Scarabaeoidea (Insecta, Coleoptera). Mitteilungen aus dem Museum fur Naturkunde in Berlin. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 47, 5 - 28." type="journal article">Scholtz (2000)</bibRefCitation>
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hypothesized that some scarab taxa have an increased evolutionary propensity towards flightlessness when they evolve in certain environments such as deserts, mountains, and islands.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB936F28E4DFFDAFF19FC80FF3E81F6" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,931]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
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The immature stages have not been described for any species in this tribe. Studying the larval natural history and morphology of this group may provide insights into the placement of this taxon among other
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<taxonomicName id="4C064D718E4DFFDAFB27FCAEFA7F81D7" box="[1273,1436,873,898]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Melolonthinae">Melolonthinae</taxonomicName>
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tribes.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |