675 lines
55 KiB
XML
675 lines
55 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3854810" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ac2f791f-223e-431e-baa1-9d8ff6cecabd" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163968747" ID-ISSN="1313–2970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3854810" ID-ZooBank="C272C617-2097-49C3-9736-A35DEB21DC6B" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D97F6D3C-55D4-4C19-B5CA-24DFF70646AE" checkinTime="1587982402702" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sullivan, J. Bolling" docDate="2009" docId="03AF87E3FF8CA31BFF6C7AD7FC111EF2" docLanguage="en" docName="ZK_article_1981.pdf" docOrigin="ZooKeys 9 (9)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@52c7884c" docStyleName="zookeys.2008.journal_article" docTitle="Rivula stepheni Sullivan. Croatan 2009, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="D97F6D3C-55D4-4C19-B5CA-24DFF70646AE" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FF96FF9BFF8EA31EFFE07A71FFC91875" masterDocTitle="A New Species of Rivula Guenée (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) from Southeastern United States" masterLastPageNumber="10" masterPageNumber="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1643566235680" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A New Species of Rivula Guenée (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) from Southeastern United States</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sullivan, J. Bolling</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>, Beaufort, United States of America</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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||
<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2009</mods:date>
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||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2009-05-12</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>9</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>9</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>3</mods:start>
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<mods:end>10</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.9.185</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">ac2f791f-223e-431e-baa1-9d8ff6cecabd</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1313–2970</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576447</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C272C617-2097-49C3-9736-A35DEB21DC6B</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3854810" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163968747" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3854810" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D97F6D3C-55D4-4C19-B5CA-24DFF70646AE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AF87E3FF8CA31BFF6C7AD7FC111EF2" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">
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||
<subSubSection box="[140,508,166,193]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph blockId="2.[140,994,166,263]" box="[140,508,166,193]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">
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||
<heading box="[140,508,166,193]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" reason="3">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,508,166,193]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">
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||
<taxonomicName authority="Sullivan" authorityName="Sullivan. Croatan" authorityYear="2009" box="[140,431,166,193]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Rivula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stepheni" status="sp. n.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,324,166,193]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis box="[140,220,166,193]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" reason="1">Rivula</emphasis>
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stepheni
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</emphasis>
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Sullivan
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[443,508,167,193]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="5" type="description">
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||
<paragraph blockId="2.[140,994,166,263]" box="[140,994,202,229]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">
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||
<uri box="[140,994,202,229]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">
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||
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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||
<uuid box="[423,994,202,229]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">D97F6D3C-55D4-4C19-B5CA-24DFF70646AE</uuid>
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||
</uri>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="2.[140,994,166,263]" box="[140,282,237,263]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">
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||
<figureCitation box="[140,241,237,263]" captionStart="Figures 1-4" captionStartId="1.[140,222,802,824]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,169,782]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[140,1108,164,784]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figures 1-4. Adult Rivula. 1. Rivula pusilla Möschler. 1.4 mi WSW Anthony, Marion Co., Florida, 2 Jan. 2006, Terhune Dickel. 2. Rivula propinqualis Guenée. Edmundston, New Brunswick, 8 Sept 1987, Henry Hensel. 3. Rivula stepheni Sullivan. Holotype. Macpherson Creek, Ft. Bragg, Cumberland Co., N.C., 20 June 2001. J. Bolling Sullivan. 4. Rivula stepheni Sullivan. Croatan National Forest Road 3046, Craven Co., N.C., 7 April 1998, J. Bolling Sullivan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810495" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3810495/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">Figs. 3-6</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[253,282,237,263]" captionStart="Figures 11-12" captionStartId="4.[140,222,1622,1644]" captionTargetBox="[356,888,949,1608]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[341,845,948,1611]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figures 11-12. Female genitalia of Rivula. 11. Rivula stepheni Sullivan. Craven Co., N. C. (JBS 2212). 12. Rivula propinqualis Guenée. Alleghany Co., N. C. (JBS 2210)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810501" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3810501/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">11</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[140,1108,307,334]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" type="distribution">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[140,1108,307,1672]" box="[140,1108,307,334]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,291,307,333]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">
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||
<emphasis box="[140,196,307,333]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" reason="1">
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<typeStatus box="[140,196,307,333]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">Type</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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MacPherson Creek, Ft. Bragg, Cumberland County,
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<collectingRegion box="[866,1038,307,333]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1047,1104,308,334]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">USA</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[140,1108,307,1672]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,350,342,369]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis box="[185,241,343,369]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" reason="1">Type</emphasis>
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material.
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</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2610623313" collectingDate="2001-06-20" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Co., Ft. & J. B. Sullivan" country="United States of America" county="Cumberland Co." location="MacPherson Creek" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="North Carolina" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[357,466,343,369]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">
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<typeStatus box="[357,466,343,369]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[480,542,343,369]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">male:</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry box="[549,605,343,369]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">USA</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[617,789,343,369]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
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||
:
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<collectingCounty box="[800,988,343,369]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">
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Cumberland
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<collectorName box="[945,988,343,369]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">Co.</collectorName>
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</collectingCounty>
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, Ft. Bragg,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AF87E3FF8CA31BFF6C7AD7FC111EF2:8ED9602EFF8CA31CFF6C7B0BFEA919E1" box="[140,352,378,404]" country="United States of America" county="Cumberland Co." name="MacPherson Creek" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="North Carolina">MacPherson Creek</location>
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,
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<date box="[364,506,378,404]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="2001-06-20">
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<collectingDate box="[364,506,378,404]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="2001-06-20">20 Jun 2001</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<collectorName box="[519,663,378,404]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">J. B. Sullivan</collectorName>
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(
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<collectionCode box="[679,768,378,404]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2610623301" collectingDate="1995-07-25" collectorName="Camp LeJune & Verona Loop" country="United States of America" county="Onslow Co." location="Onslow Co." pageId="2" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3" stateProvince="North Carolina" typeStatus="paratype">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[788,906,378,404]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">
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<typeStatus box="[788,901,378,404]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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29 ♁,
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<specimenCount box="[988,1032,378,404]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" type="female">3 ♀</specimenCount>
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||
:
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||
<collectingCountry box="[1047,1103,378,404]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">USA</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,324,413,439]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">
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||
<collectingRegion box="[140,320,413,439]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">
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||
<emphasis box="[140,210,413,439]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" reason="1">North</emphasis>
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||
Carolina
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||
</collectingRegion>
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||
:
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||
</emphasis>
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||
<collectingCounty box="[331,465,413,439]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">Onslow Co.</collectingCounty>
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||
,
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||
<collectorName box="[476,630,413,440]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">Camp LeJune</collectorName>
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||
,
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||
<collectorName box="[640,783,414,440]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">Verona Loop</collectorName>
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||
,
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||
<date box="[794,916,413,440]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="1995-07-25">
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||
<collectingDate box="[794,916,413,440]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="1995-07-25">25 Jul1995</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
(♁)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
;
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||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2610623312" collectingDate="1996-04-22" country="United States of America" county="Craven Co." location="Croatan National Forest Rd." pageId="2" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="North Carolina" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<collectingCounty box="[975,1103,413,439]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">Craven Co.</collectingCounty>
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||
,
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||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AF87E3FF8CA31BFF6C7AD7FC111EF2:8ED9602EFF8CA31CFF6C7BB1FE0E19AF" box="[140,455,448,475]" country="United States of America" county="Craven Co." name="Croatan National Forest Rd." pageId="2" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="North Carolina">Croatan National Forest Rd.</location>
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||
147,
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||
<date box="[521,659,448,474]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="1996-04-22">
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<collectingDate box="[521,659,448,474]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="1996-04-22">22.Apr.1996</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
(♁)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
;
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||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2610623309" collectingDate="1998-04-07" country="United States of America" county="Craven Co." location="Croatan National Forest Rd." pageId="2" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="North Carolina" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AF87E3FF8CA31BFF6C7AD7FC111EF2:8ED9602EFF8CA31CFD307BB1FBC219AF" box="[720,1035,448,475]" country="United States of America" county="Craven Co." name="Croatan National Forest Rd." pageId="2" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="North Carolina">Croatan National Forest Rd.</location>
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3046,
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||
<collectingCounty box="[140,266,484,510]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">Craven Co.</collectingCounty>
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||
,
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||
<date box="[277,401,484,510]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="1998-04-07">
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<collectingDate box="[277,401,484,510]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="1998-04-07">7.Apr.1998</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
(♁)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
;
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2610623303" collectingDate="1999-08-16" country="United States of America" county="Craven Co." location="Croatan National Forest Rd." pageId="2" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="North Carolina" typeStatus="paratype">
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<collectingCounty box="[458,585,484,510]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">Craven Co.</collectingCounty>
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||
,
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||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AF87E3FF8CA31BFF6C7AD7FC111EF2:8ED9602EFF8CA31CFDB47B95FC411988" box="[596,904,483,510]" country="United States of America" county="Craven Co." name="Croatan National Forest Rd." pageId="2" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="North Carolina">Croatan National Forest Rd.</location>
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||
169,
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<date box="[965,1107,483,510]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="1999-08-16">
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||
<collectingDate box="[965,1107,483,510]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="1999-08-16">16 Aug 1999</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
(♁)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
;
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2610623306" box="[190,892,519,546]" collectingDate="2001-06-21" collectorName="Ft. Bragg" country="United States of America" county="Cumberland Co." location="MacPherson Creek" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="North Carolina" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<collectingCounty box="[190,376,519,545]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">Cumberland Co.</collectingCounty>
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||
,
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||
<collectorName box="[386,487,519,545]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">Ft. Bragg</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AF87E3FF8CA31BFF6C7AD7FC111EF2:8ED9602EFF8CA31CFE117876FD0B1A54" box="[497,706,519,545]" country="United States of America" county="Cumberland Co." name="MacPherson Creek" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="North Carolina">MacPherson Creek</location>
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||
,
|
||
<date box="[715,850,519,545]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="2001-06-21">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[715,850,519,545]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="2001-06-21">21 Jun 2001</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
|
||
(♁)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2610623308" collectingDate="2005-08-31" collectingDateMax="2005-09-27" collectingDateMin="2005-08-31" country="United States of America" county="Craven Co." location="Sunset Drive" municipality="Havelock" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="North Carolina" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectingCounty box="[905,1030,519,545]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">Craven Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
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||
<collectingMunicipality pageId="2" pageNumber="5">Havelock</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, off
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AF87E3FF8CA31BFF6C7AD7FC111EF2:8ED9602EFF8CA31CFF0F785BFEB71A31" box="[239,382,554,580]" country="United States of America" county="Craven Co." municipality="Havelock" name="Sunset Drive" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="North Carolina">Sunset Drive</location>
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||
,
|
||
<date box="[395,541,554,581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="2005-08-31">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[395,541,554,581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="2005-08-31">31 Aug 2005</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount box="[560,577,554,580]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
) and
|
||
<date box="[645,786,554,581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="2005-09-27">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[645,786,554,581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="2005-09-27">27 Sep 2005</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(♁)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2610623311" collectingDate="2006-06-24" collectorName="Haywood Landing" country="United States of America" county="Jones Co." location="Croatan National Forest" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="North Carolina" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectingCounty box="[847,955,554,580]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">Jones Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AF87E3FF8CA31BFF6C7AD7FC111EF2:8ED9602EFF8CA31CFC28785BFEDC1A1D" country="United States of America" county="Jones Co." name="Croatan National Forest" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="North Carolina">Croatan National Forest</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[289,497,589,615]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">Haywood Landing</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[508,646,589,616]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="2006-06-24">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[508,646,589,616]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="2006-06-24">24 Jun 2006</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(♁)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2610623304" collectingDate="2008-06-20" collectionCode="BMNH, USNM, JBS" collectorName="J. B. Sullivan" country="United States of America" county="Craven Co." elevation="2" location="Croatan National Forest Rd." pageId="2" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="North Carolina" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectingCounty box="[704,832,589,615]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">Craven Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AF87E3FF8CA31BFF6C7AD7FC111EF2:8ED9602EFF8CA31CFCAC783CFF7D1AFF" country="United States of America" county="Craven Co." name="Croatan National Forest Rd." pageId="2" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="North Carolina">Croatan National Forest Rd.</location>
|
||
3046,
|
||
<date box="[254,389,624,651]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="2008-06-20">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[254,389,624,651]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="2008-06-20">20 Jun 2008</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity box="[403,448,624,651]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="2.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[403,448,624,651]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
), all collected by
|
||
<collectorName box="[630,768,624,651]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">J. B. Sullivan</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[782,874,624,650]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[885,971,624,650]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[981,1026,624,650]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">JBS</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2610623307" collectingDate="1975-09-04" collectorName="Baptist Parish & Edgard" country="United States of America" location="St. John" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Louisiana" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="United States of America" name="Louisiana" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">Louisiana</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AF87E3FF8CA31BFF6C7AD7FC111EF2:8ED9602EFF8CA31CFF3578E5FEE71AD8" box="[213,302,659,686]" country="United States of America" name="St. John" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Louisiana">St. John</location>
|
||
the
|
||
<collectorName box="[352,504,659,685]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">Baptist Parish</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[516,597,659,685]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">Edgard</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[609,736,659,686]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="1975-09-04">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[609,736,659,686]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="1975-09-04">4 Sep 1975</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(♁)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2610623305" collectingDate="1984-10-25" collectingDateMax="2005-06-15" collectingDateMin="1984-10-25" country="United States of America" location="Abita" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Louisiana" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<quantity box="[796,870,659,686]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7592448" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" unit="mi" value="4.2">4.2 mi</quantity>
|
||
NE of
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AF87E3FF8CA31BFF6C7AD7FC111EF2:8ED9602EFF8CA31CFC5B78E2FC311AD8" box="[955,1016,659,685]" country="United States of America" name="Abita" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Louisiana">Abita</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="1984-10-25">
|
||
<collectingDate pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="1984-10-25">25 Oct 1984</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(♁),
|
||
<date box="[255,393,695,721]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="1986-09-16">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[255,393,695,721]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="1986-09-16">16 Sep 1986</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(♁),
|
||
<date box="[450,578,695,721]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="1989-10-08">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[450,578,695,721]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="1989-10-08">8 Oct 1989</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(♁),
|
||
<date box="[636,779,695,721]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="1992-08-29">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[636,779,695,721]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="1992-08-29">29 Aug 1992</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(♁),
|
||
<date box="[837,975,695,721]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="1994-09-24">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[837,975,695,721]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="1994-09-24">24 Sep 1994</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(♁),
|
||
<date pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="1994-09-25">
|
||
<collectingDate pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="1994-09-25">25 Sep 1994</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(♁),
|
||
<date box="[254,392,730,756]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="1994-09-30">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[254,392,730,756]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="1994-09-30">30 Sep 1994</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(♁),
|
||
<date box="[450,577,730,756]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="1994-10-03">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[450,577,730,756]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="1994-10-03">3 Oct 1994</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(♁),
|
||
<date box="[635,776,730,756]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="1994-10-16">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[635,776,730,756]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="1994-10-16">16 Oct 1994</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(♁),
|
||
<date box="[834,975,730,756]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="1994-10-29">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[834,975,730,756]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="1994-10-29">29 Oct 1994</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(♁),
|
||
<date pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="1995-09-26">
|
||
<collectingDate pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="1995-09-26">26 Sep 1995</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(♁),
|
||
<date box="[255,383,765,791]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="1996-10-04">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[255,383,765,791]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="1996-10-04">4 Oct 1996</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(♁),
|
||
<date box="[442,584,765,791]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="1996-10-10">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[442,584,765,791]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="1996-10-10">10 Oct 1996</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(♁),
|
||
<date box="[642,784,765,791]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="1996-10-11">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[642,784,765,791]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="1996-10-11">11 Oct 1996</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(♁),
|
||
<date box="[843,985,765,791]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="1997-10-29">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[843,985,765,791]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="1997-10-29">29 Oct 1997</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(♁),
|
||
<date pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="1997-10-06">
|
||
<collectingDate pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="1997-10-06">6 Oct 1997</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(♁),
|
||
<date box="[255,398,800,826]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="1998-10-26">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[255,398,800,826]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="1998-10-26">26 Oct 1998</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(♁),
|
||
<date box="[456,595,800,826]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="2002-09-20">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[456,595,800,826]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="2002-09-20">20 Sep 2002</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(♁),
|
||
<date box="[654,798,800,827]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="2002-12-23">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[654,798,800,827]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="2002-12-23">23 Dec 2002</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount box="[815,832,800,826]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
),
|
||
<date box="[857,995,800,827]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="2005-06-15">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[857,995,800,827]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="2005-06-15">15 Jun 2005</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(♁)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2610623302" collectingDate="1980-09-08" collectionCode="CNC, VAB" collectorName="V. A. Brou & Jr." country="United States of America" location="Weyanoke" municipality="West Feliciana Parish" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Louisiana" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality pageId="2" pageNumber="5">West Feliciana Parish</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AF87E3FF8CA31BFF6C7AD7FC111EF2:8ED9602EFF8CA31CFEA07932FE7D1B28" box="[320,436,835,861]" country="United States of America" municipality="West Feliciana Parish" name="Weyanoke" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Louisiana">Weyanoke</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[447,571,836,862]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="1980-09-08">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[447,571,836,862]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="1980-09-08">8 Sep 1980</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount box="[587,604,836,862]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
), all collected by
|
||
<collectorName box="[794,911,836,862]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">V. A. Brou</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[922,947,836,862]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">Jr.</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[961,1026,836,862]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">CNC</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1037,1094,836,862]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">VAB</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[140,1108,307,1672]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,490,870,896]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,255,870,896]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" reason="1">Other</emphasis>
|
||
material examined.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2610623310" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">
|
||
One additional specimen was examined from pictures supplied by Hugo L. Kons, Jr.:
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[474,555,906,932]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Gadsden Co., south side of Dolan Road,
|
||
<quantity box="[1009,1107,906,932]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.609344" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" unit="mi" value="0.1">0.1 miles</quantity>
|
||
W. of Hwy. 269,
|
||
<date box="[330,482,941,968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="1999-05-23">23 May 1999</date>
|
||
, UV light trap, Hugo L. Kons, Jr. and Robert J. Borth
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="5" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[140,1108,307,1672]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,320,976,1002]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,315,976,1002]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" reason="1">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
This species is named for Stephen A. Hall of the
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[873,1048,976,1002]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
Natural Heritage Program, whose tireless work to preserve natural habitats in
|
||
<collectingRegion country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
and to describe the natural communities in those habitats has greatly enriched the people of
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[252,432,1082,1108]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="5" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[140,1108,307,1672]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,312,1117,1143]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,307,1117,1143]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" reason="1">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sullivan. Croatan" authorityYear="2009" box="[322,491,1117,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Rivula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stepheni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[322,491,1117,1143]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">Rivula stepheni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a plain, ivory-colored species with scattered black markings but easily distinguished from other species with which it might be confused.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee. Edmundston" authorityYear="1854" box="[140,355,1187,1213]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Rivula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="propinqualis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[140,355,1187,1213]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">Rivula propinqualis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a smooth diagonal postmedial line that approximately follows the line of the wing margin. In
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sullivan. Croatan" authorityYear="2009" box="[519,640,1223,1249]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Rivula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stepheni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[519,536,1223,1248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[554,640,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">stepheni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it is less well marked but clearly undulated. Additionally, there is a moderately large black spot (coastal plain specimens) or smudge (mountain specimens) along the forewing costa near the apex of the wing in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee. Edmundston" authorityYear="1854" box="[140,307,1328,1354]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Rivula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="propinqualis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[140,307,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">R. propinqualis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but two very small dots in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sullivan. Croatan" authorityYear="2009" box="[620,738,1328,1354]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Rivula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stepheni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[620,738,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">R. stepheni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Forbes)" baseAuthorityName="Forbes" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[754,1083,1328,1355]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Macrochilo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="louisiana">
|
||
<emphasis box="[754,981,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">Macrochilo louisiana</emphasis>
|
||
(Forbes)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is superficially similar but has prominent labial palps. Wear quickly eliminates some of the scattered black markings in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sullivan. Croatan" authorityYear="2009" box="[498,615,1399,1425]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Rivula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stepheni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[498,615,1399,1425]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">R. stepheni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[140,1108,307,1672]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,403,1433,1460]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,329,1433,1459]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" reason="1">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. Male
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[421,532,1434,1460]" captionStart="Figures 1-4" captionStartId="1.[140,222,802,824]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,169,782]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[140,1108,164,784]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figures 1-4. Adult Rivula. 1. Rivula pusilla Möschler. 1.4 mi WSW Anthony, Marion Co., Florida, 2 Jan. 2006, Terhune Dickel. 2. Rivula propinqualis Guenée. Edmundston, New Brunswick, 8 Sept 1987, Henry Hensel. 3. Rivula stepheni Sullivan. Holotype. Macpherson Creek, Ft. Bragg, Cumberland Co., N.C., 20 June 2001. J. Bolling Sullivan. 4. Rivula stepheni Sullivan. Croatan National Forest Road 3046, Craven Co., N.C., 7 April 1998, J. Bolling Sullivan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810495" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3810495/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">Figs. 3, 4</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[556,646,1434,1460]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Head
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[629,646,1434,1460]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">–</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
antenna fasciculate, setae approximately length of shaft diameter; scape white; antenna scaled dorsally, white basally, becoming tan terminally; length of shaft 60 % of wing length; lower half of frons covered with straw to tan flattened scales; upper half of frons white medially, tan laterally, with narrow scales overlain with broader scales, all of which point anteriorly projecting over lower frons; eye without setae, slightly flattened toward thorax, scaling around eye straw to tan colored.; ocellus present; tongue normal; labial palp slightly porrect anteriorly,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810499" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3810499" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3810499/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="6" startId="3.[140,222,1558,1580]" targetBox="[206,1044,169,1529]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[140,1109,1558,1677]" pageId="3" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,285,1558,1580]" pageId="3" pageNumber="6">Figures 5-1 0.</emphasis>
|
||
Male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1845" box="[464,523,1558,1579]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Rivula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[464,523,1558,1579]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="6">Rivula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[538,558,1558,1580]" pageId="3" pageNumber="6">5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Sullivan." authorityName="Sullivan. Croatan" authorityYear="2009" box="[567,796,1558,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Rivula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stepheni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[567,706,1558,1579]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="6">Rivula stepheni</emphasis>
|
||
Sullivan.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Valves. Craven Co., N. C. (JBS 2290).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[211,231,1590,1612]" pageId="3" pageNumber="6">6.</emphasis>
|
||
Aedeagus. Same data as valves.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[548,569,1590,1612]" pageId="3" pageNumber="6">7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Guenee." authorityName="Guenee. Edmundston" authorityYear="1854" box="[578,845,1590,1612]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Rivula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="propinqualis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[578,758,1590,1611]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="6">Rivula propinqualis</emphasis>
|
||
Guenée.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Valves. Edmundston,
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Canada" name="New Brunswick" pageId="3" pageNumber="6">New Brunswick</collectingRegion>
|
||
(CNC Noc. 14849).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[452,472,1622,1644]" pageId="3" pageNumber="6">8.</emphasis>
|
||
Aedeagus. Same data as valves.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[782,802,1622,1644]" pageId="3" pageNumber="6">9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Moschler." authorityName="Moschler." box="[811,1037,1622,1644]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Rivula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusilla">
|
||
<emphasis box="[811,936,1622,1643]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="6">Rivula pusilla</emphasis>
|
||
Möschler.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Valves. Marion Co.,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[262,328,1654,1676]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="3" pageNumber="6">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
(CNC Noc 14848).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[525,557,1654,1676]" pageId="3" pageNumber="6">1 0.</emphasis>
|
||
Aedeagus. Same data as valves.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[140,1108,167,932]" pageId="4" pageNumber="7">
|
||
flattened dorsally; second segment 3 × longer than other two segments, broadly scaled dorsally and with large flattened scales ventrally, color tan on exterior, straw on interior; neck and collar covered with white scales.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[633,743,237,263]" pageId="4" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Thorax
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[728,743,237,263]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="7">–</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
with flattened scales overlaying pointed scales, with occasional darker scales intermixed; tegulae scales and coloration similar to remainder of thorax; leg scales white and straw with darker scales scattered throughout; prothoracic femur with grey scaling dorsally.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[791,924,342,369]" pageId="4" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Forewing
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[909,924,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="7">–</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
length
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" metricValueMax="10.2" metricValueMin="8.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="9.2" valueMax="10.2" valueMin="8.2">8.2-10.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
; ground color ivory with darker tan scaling along margins; reniform spot visible as two black spots, upper one slightly closer to thorax; basal black spot between vein Sc and R1; wing margins with tan scaling, a spot formed at extremity of each major vein; cross lines visible but often very diffuse.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[598,743,483,510]" pageId="4" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Hindwing
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[727,743,484,510]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="7">–</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
similar to forewing but without black spots. Underside similar to upperside but may be darker and without reniform or basal spots; retinaculum on base of costa, neither bar-like nor well defined.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[971,1107,553,580]" pageId="4" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Abdomen
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1093,1107,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="7">–</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
scales blunt tipped, white with occasional dark scales scattered throughout, particularly posteriorly.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[275,446,624,650]" pageId="4" pageNumber="7">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(Figs. 5, 6)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[594,609,625,651]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="7">–</emphasis>
|
||
valves symmetrical; uncus elongate, widest in middle, knife shaped, setae found over entire surface but longest dorsally; base of uncus forms a window at junction with tegumen; gnathos and socii absent; anal tube strongly sclerotized dorsally; tegumen arms broad, forming inverted “V;” vinculum U-shaped, narrower, articulating directly with base of tegumen without pleural sclerite; valva
|
||
<quantity box="[247,352,800,827]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.62" pageId="4" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="1.62">1.62 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, unsclerotized, membranous, with a subbasal broad, rounded ampulla covered with pimple-like processes bearing setae; costa excavated at base; juxta lightly sclerotized and difficult to see; transitilla membraneous; aedeagus: length
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.41">0.41 mm</quantity>
|
||
, short, stout, with ductus entering at base; vesica with two principal diverticula;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810501" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3810501" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3810501/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="7" startId="4.[140,222,1622,1644]" targetBox="[356,888,949,1608]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[140,1109,1622,1677]" pageId="4" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,294,1622,1644]" pageId="4" pageNumber="7">Figures 11-1 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Female genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1845" box="[480,539,1622,1643]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Rivula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[480,539,1622,1643]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="7">Rivula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[552,584,1622,1644]" pageId="4" pageNumber="7">11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Sullivan. Craven Co., N. C." authorityName="Sullivan. Craven Co., N. C." box="[591,991,1622,1644]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Rivula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stepheni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[591,727,1622,1643]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="7">Rivula stepheni</emphasis>
|
||
Sullivan. Craven Co., N. C.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1003,1040,1623,1644]" pageId="4" pageNumber="7">JBS</collectionCode>
|
||
2212).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,173,1654,1676]" pageId="4" pageNumber="7">1 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Guenee. Alleghany Co., N. C." authorityName="Guenee. Alleghany Co., N. C." box="[179,642,1654,1676]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Rivula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="propinqualis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[179,355,1654,1675]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="7">Rivula propinqualis</emphasis>
|
||
Guenée. Alleghany Co., N. C.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[654,691,1655,1676]" pageId="4" pageNumber="7">JBS</collectionCode>
|
||
2210).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[140,1108,167,1672]" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">
|
||
base with band of short tooth-like projections; two diverticula separated by a broad, sclerotized, thumb-like disc; larger evagination on left covered with sharpened, peg-like cornuti over entire surface but largest on dorsal side; right diverticulum slightly scobinate.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[226,334,272,299]" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Female
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[319,334,273,299]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">–</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
similar to male except antennal setae sparse.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[852,1047,272,298]" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig. 11)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,200,308,334]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">–</emphasis>
|
||
anal papillae with pimples bearing setae on inner surface; outer surface with long sparsely placed setae; each papilla triangular with blunt tip; posterior apophyses slightly longer than anterior ones, slender, with slightly rounded tips; ostium membranous, ductus bursae lightly sclerotized and striated, moderately thickened; corpus bursae with accessory bursa posteriorly on right side; posterior half of corpus bursae cylindrical, 2-3 × as broad as ductus bursae and slightly striated; anterior half of corpus bursae forming heart-shaped chamber containing three embedded plate-like signa; two signa situated posterior to third signum, all well sclerotized; total length of female genitalia
|
||
<quantity box="[996,1104,554,580]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.93" pageId="5" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="3.93">3.93 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="8" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[140,1108,167,1672]" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,493,589,615]" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,336,589,615]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="8" reason="1">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
and biology.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Initially thought to be limited in distribution to eastern
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[187,370,624,650]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, a picture of an unknown moth collected in Gadsden County,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[140,221,659,685]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
by Hugo Kons, Jr. and Robert Borth was provided and is
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[892,1059,659,685]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Rivula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stepheni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[892,1059,659,685]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">Rivula stepheni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. All
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[140,315,695,721]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
specimens were found in mesic mixed pine and hardwood forests near small streams with cane (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="A.Michaux" authorityYear="1803" box="[422,560,730,756]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Arundinaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[422,560,730,756]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">Arundinaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.) growing nearby. The adjacent upland areas contain both hardwoods and loblolly pine (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[638,766,765,791]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taeda">
|
||
<emphasis box="[638,766,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">Pinus taeda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.) with American holly (
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Ait." authorityName="Ait." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aquifoliaceae" genus="Ilex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Aquifoliales" pageId="5" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="opaca">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">Ilex opaca</emphasis>
|
||
Ait.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and witch hazel (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[454,698,800,826]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hamamelidaceae" genus="Hamamelis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="5" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
|
||
<emphasis box="[454,698,800,826]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">Hamamelis virginiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.) in the understory. Typically, cabbage palmettos (
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Walter) Lodd. ex Schult. & Schult." authorityName="Schult. & Schult." baseAuthorityName="Walter" box="[323,892,835,862]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Sabal" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="5" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palmetto">
|
||
<emphasis box="[323,483,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">Sabal palmetto</emphasis>
|
||
(Walter) Lodd. ex Schult. & Schult.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
f.) are in the floodplain of the stream. Grasses and small sedges are common in the floodplain area and both
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[199,413,906,932]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Rivula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="propinqualis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,413,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">Rivula propinqualis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[469,585,906,932]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Rivula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stepheni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[469,486,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[499,585,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">stepheni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been found in the same trap. The
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1027,1108,906,932]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
specimen was collected on
|
||
<date box="[449,613,941,968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="8" value="1999-05-23">May 23, 1999</date>
|
||
in Gadsden County in essentially identical habitat (Hugo Kons, Jr., personal communication).
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[743,921,976,1002]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
specimens have been captured from early April (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[517,586,1011,1038]" captionStart="Figures 1-4" captionStartId="1.[140,222,802,824]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,169,782]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[140,1108,164,784]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figures 1-4. Adult Rivula. 1. Rivula pusilla Möschler. 1.4 mi WSW Anthony, Marion Co., Florida, 2 Jan. 2006, Terhune Dickel. 2. Rivula propinqualis Guenée. Edmundston, New Brunswick, 8 Sept 1987, Henry Hensel. 3. Rivula stepheni Sullivan. Holotype. Macpherson Creek, Ft. Bragg, Cumberland Co., N.C., 20 June 2001. J. Bolling Sullivan. 4. Rivula stepheni Sullivan. Croatan National Forest Road 3046, Craven Co., N.C., 7 April 1998, J. Bolling Sullivan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810495" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3810495/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) through September indicating that the species bred continuously in the area (likely representing three or four broods). Summer captures are most common and spring specimens are approximately 20 % larger than individuals from subsequent broods (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sullivan J & Miller WE" box="[601,889,1117,1143]" pageId="5" pageNumber="8" pagination="72 - 77" refId="ref3809" refString="Sullivan J B and Miller WE (2007) Intraspecific body size variation in macrolepidoptera as related to altitude of capture site and seasonal generation. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 61: 72 - 77." type="journal article" year="2007">Sullivan and Miller 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[140,1108,167,1672]" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Twenty two additional specimens were collected by Vernon A. Brou, Jr. in
|
||
<collectingRegion country="United States of America" name="Louisiana" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">Louisiana</collectingRegion>
|
||
, primarily at his home near Abita Springs. These specimens were collected during an extensive year round trapping program ongoing statewide for 40 years. They were taken in June (1), August (1), September (8), October (10), November (1), December (1) and each was a singleton capture in one of six traps operated each night. This would indicate that the species is not breeding at the trapping site but instead is wandering into the trapping area from some presumed nearby site.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[771,921,1363,1389]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Rivula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusilla">
|
||
<emphasis box="[771,921,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">Rivula pusilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known to migrate late in the year into the Gainesville,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[616,697,1399,1425]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
area in some years (Hugo Kons, Jr., personal communication) and the European
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[657,783,1434,1460]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Rivula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sericealis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[657,783,1434,1460]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">R. sericealis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known to migrate within Europe and to Britain (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sparks JH & Dennis RLH & Croxton PJ & Cade M" box="[409,620,1469,1496]" pageId="5" pageNumber="8" pagination="139 - 143" refId="ref3746" refString="Sparks JH, Dennis RLH, Croxton PJ, Cade M (2007) Increased migration of Lepidoptera linked to climate change. Eur. J. Ent. 104: 139 - 143." type="journal article" year="2007">Sparks et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wood CR & Reynolds DR & Wells PM & Barlow JF & Woiwod IP & Chapman JW" box="[632,838,1469,1496]" pageId="5" pageNumber="8" refId="ref3846" refString="Wood CR, Reynolds DR, Wells PM, Barlow JF, Woiwod IP, Chapman JW (2009) Flight periodicity and the vertical distribution of high-altitude moth migration over southern Britain. Ecography 22: 697 - 207." type="journal volume" year="2009">Wood et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Captures in the Abita Springs area may derive from a similar wandering/migratory behavior in the fall and their infrequent occurrence would indicate that the species is limited in distribution in
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[140,249,1575,1601]" country="United States of America" name="Louisiana" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">Louisiana</collectingRegion>
|
||
as well as in
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[397,478,1575,1601]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[534,714,1575,1601]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="8" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[140,1108,167,1672]" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Reported host plants for species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1845" box="[582,654,1610,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Rivula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[582,654,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">Rivula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are grasses and sedges. Larvae pupate in loose cocoons covered with debris (figured in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kitching IJ & Rawlins JE" box="[655,972,1645,1671]" pageId="5" pageNumber="8" pagination="355 - 401" refId="ref3578" refString="Kitching IJ, Rawlins JE (1999) The Noctuoidea. In: Kristensen NP (Ed). Lepidoptera: Moths and Butterflies. Volume 1: Evolution, systematics and biogeography. Handbook of Zoology. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York, 355 - 401." type="book chapter" year="1999">Kitching and Rawlins 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |