539 lines
69 KiB
XML
539 lines
69 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="AF0E610E2ED42069270F4AF6DC18B896">A taxonomic review of the genus Acanella (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Isididae) in the North Atlantic Ocean, with descriptions of two new species</mods:title>
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<treatment id="039D704E3816C223FF1D609C7C23F9AD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6044377" ID-GBIF-Taxon="134839469" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6044377" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D704E3816C223FF1D609C7C23F9AD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D704E3816C223FF1D609C7C23F9AD" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="372" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">
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<subSubSection id="C32E92D33816C224FF1D609C7E21FB0F" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8BC1583816C224FF1D609C7D08FB2F" blockId="10.[151,590,1196,1255]" box="[151,590,1196,1222]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">
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<heading id="D0C376343816C224FF1D609C7D08FB2F" bold="true" box="[151,590,1196,1222]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3816C224FF1D609C7D08FB2F" authority="(Johnson, 1862)" baseAuthorityName="Johnson" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[151,590,1196,1222]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arbuscula">
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<emphasis id="B9401D4A3816C224FF1D609C7D08FB2F" bold="true" box="[151,590,1196,1222]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">
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<emphasis id="B9401D4A3816C224FF1D609C7EC5FB2F" bold="true" box="[151,387,1196,1222]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">Acanella arbuscula</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93816C224FE1B609C7D00FB2F" author="Johnson" box="[401,582,1196,1222]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" refString="Johnson, J. Y. (1862) Descriptions of two corals from Madeira, Belonging to the genera Primnoa and MoPsea. Proceedings of the Scientific Meeting of the Zoological Society of London, 1862, 245 ‾ 246, pl. XXXI, figs. 1 & 1 a." type="proceedings paper" year="1862">Johnson, 1862</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8BC1583816C224FF1D60FE7E21FB0F" blockId="10.[151,590,1196,1255]" box="[151,359,1230,1255]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">
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<figureCitation id="130FDDDD3816C224FF1D60FE7E44FB0E" box="[151,258,1230,1255]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1235,1257]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1213]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1213]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. SEM images of Acanella arbuscula (Haplotype A, JSLII 36942). A) Tentacle sclerites. B) Coenenchyme sclerites. C) Polyp body sclerites." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/919814/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">Figures 4</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="130FDDDD3816C224FE8460FE7E58FB0E" box="[270,286,1230,1255]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1132,1154]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,339,1111]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,339,1111]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Polyps from three different specimens represented by Haplotype A. i: MAN 8031, identified as Acanella arbuscula when collected from Manning Seamount, New England Seamounts, Atlantic Ocean. ii: MU 5052, identified as Acanella eburnea when collected from Muir Seamount, Bermuda Rise, Atlantic Ocean. iii: MED 3, identified as Isidella elongata when collected from the Eastern Ionian Sea, Mediterranean Sea." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/919820/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">6</figureCitation>
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, and 7
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C32E92D33816C224FF1D61287A3DF9A9" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B8BC1583816C224FF1D61287D98FAC5" blockId="10.[151,1436,1302,1447]" box="[151,734,1302,1325]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">
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<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3816C224FF1D61287D75FAC5" authority="Johnson, 1862: 245" authorityName="Johnson" authorityPageNumber="245" authorityYear="1862" box="[151,563,1302,1325]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Mopsea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arbusculum">
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<emphasis id="B9401D4A3816C224FF1D61287E22FAC5" box="[151,356,1302,1325]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">MoPsea arbusculum</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A95E7493816C224FEE161267D75FAC5" author="Johnson" box="[363,563,1302,1324]" page="245" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" year="1862">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93816C224FEE161267D44FAC5" author="Johnson" box="[363,514,1302,1324]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" refString="Johnson, J. Y. (1862) Descriptions of two corals from Madeira, Belonging to the genera Primnoa and MoPsea. Proceedings of the Scientific Meeting of the Zoological Society of London, 1862, 245 ‾ 246, pl. XXXI, figs. 1 & 1 a." type="proceedings paper" year="1862">Johnson, 1862</bibRefCitation>
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: 245
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 31, fig. 1,1a.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8BC1583816C224FF1D61067D58FAA2" blockId="10.[151,1436,1302,1447]" box="[151,542,1333,1355]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB24E6763816C224FF1D61067D58FAA2" box="[151,542,1333,1355]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">
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<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3816C224FF1D61067D5CFAA2" authority="Pourtales, 1868: 132" authorityName="Pourtales" authorityPageNumber="132" authorityYear="1868" box="[151,538,1333,1355]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Mopsea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="eburnea">
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<emphasis id="B9401D4A3816C224FF1D61067E06FAA2" box="[151,320,1333,1355]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">MoPsea eburnea</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A95E7493816C224FECC61057D5CFAA2" author="Pourtales" box="[326,538,1333,1355]" page="132" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" year="1868">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93816C224FECC61057EA1FAA2" author="Pourtales" box="[326,487,1333,1355]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" refString="Pourtales, L. F. (1868) Contributions to the fauna of the Gulf Stream at great depths (2 d series). Bulletin of the Museum of ComParative Zoology, 1, 121 ‾ 142." type="journal article" year="1868">Pourtalès, 1868</bibRefCitation>
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: 132
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8BC1583816C224FF1D61647EA6FA83" blockId="10.[151,1436,1302,1447]" box="[151,480,1364,1386]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB24E6763816C224FF1D61647EA6FA83" box="[151,480,1364,1386]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">
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<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3816C224FF1D61647E9AFA83" authority="Gray, 1870: 15" authorityName="Gray" authorityPageNumber="15" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,476,1364,1386]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Isidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="eburnea">
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<emphasis id="B9401D4A3816C224FF1D61647E7AFA83" box="[151,316,1364,1386]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">Isidella eburnea</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A95E7493816C224FEC861647E9AFA83" author="Gray" box="[322,476,1364,1386]" page="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" year="1870">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93816C224FEC861647EF0FA83" author="Gray" box="[322,438,1364,1386]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" refString="Gray, J. E. (1870) Catalogue of the lithoPhytes or stony corals in the collection of the British Museum. Natural History British Museum, London, vi + 51 pp." type="book" year="1870">Gray, 1870</bibRefCitation>
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: 15
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B8BC1583816C224FF1D61427CB6FA4F" blockId="10.[151,1436,1302,1447]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB24E6763816C224FF1D61427CB6FA4F" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">
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<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3816C224FF1D61427D4BFA61" authority="Verrill, 1878: 212" authorityName="Verrill" authorityPageNumber="212" authorityYear="1878" box="[151,525,1394,1416]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="normani">
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<emphasis id="B9401D4A3816C224FF1D61427E08FA61" box="[151,334,1394,1416]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">Acanella normani</emphasis>
|
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<treatmentCitation id="0A95E7493816C224FEDF61427D4BFA61" author="Verrill" box="[341,525,1394,1416]" page="212" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" year="1878">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93816C224FEDF61427E9FFA61" author="Verrill" box="[341,473,1394,1416]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1878) Notice of a recent addition to the fauna of the eastern coast of North America. American Journal of Science, 16, 207 ‾ 215. https: // doi. org / 10.2475 / ajs. s 3 - 16.93.207" type="journal article" year="1878">Verrill, 1878</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 212
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0A95E7493816C224FD9361427D97FA61" author="Verrill" box="[537,721,1394,1416]" page="315" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" year="1882">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93816C224FD9361427DDBFA61" author="Verrill" box="[537,669,1394,1416]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1882) Brief Contributions to Zoology from the Museum of Yale College No. 49. American Journal of Science and Arts, 23, 135 ‾ 142. https: // doi. org / 10.2475 / ajs. s 3 - 23.134.135" type="journal article" year="1882">Verrill, 1882</bibRefCitation>
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: 315
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
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;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0A95E7493816C224FD5661427CC0FA61" author="Verrill" box="[732,902,1394,1416]" page="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" year="1883">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93816C224FD5661427C27FA61" author="Verrill" box="[732,865,1394,1416]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1883) Report on the Anthozoa, and on some additional species dredged by the " Blake " in 1877 ‾ 1879, and by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer " Fish Hawk " in 1880 ‾ 82. Bulletin of the Museum of ComParative Zoology, 11, 1 ‾ 72." type="journal article" year="1883">Verrill, 1883</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 14
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
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, pl. 4, figs. 2, 2a, 2b;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A95E7493816C224FBE261427A75FA61" author="Thomson" box="[1128,1331,1394,1416]" page="27" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" year="1927">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93816C224FBE261427A4AFA61" author="Thomson" box="[1128,1292,1394,1416]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" refString="Thomson, J. A. (1927) Alcyonaires provenant des campagnes scientifique de Prince Albert ler de Monaco. Resultats des CamPagnes Scientifiques AccomPlies Par le Prince Albert I, 73, 1 ‾ 77." type="journal article" year="1927">Thomson, 1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 27
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 1, fig. 21; pl. 5, fig. 2;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A95E7493816C224FEE061A17D54FA4F" author="Verrill" box="[362,530,1425,1447]" page="44" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" year="1922">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93816C224FEE061A17EABFA4F" author="Verrill" box="[362,493,1425,1447]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1922) RePort of the Canadian Arctic EXPedition: 1913 ‾ 1918. Part G. Alcyonaria and Actiniaria. F. A. Acland, Printer to the King, Ottawa, 87 pp." type="book" year="1922">Verrill, 1922</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 44
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, pl. 16, figs. 2¯4; pl. 17, fig. 3¯3a; text-fig. 11.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="8B8BC1583816C224FF1D61FE7B49F9EA" blockId="10.[151,1436,1486,1601]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB24E6763816C224FF1D61FE7B49F9EA" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">
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<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3816C224FF1D61FE7D45FA0D" authority=": Verrill, 1883: 16" authorityName=": Verrill" authorityPageNumber="16" authorityYear="1883" box="[151,515,1486,1508]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="eburnea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3816C224FF1D61FE7E15FA0D" box="[151,339,1486,1508]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">Acanella eburnea:</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A95E7493816C224FED061FE7D45FA0D" author="Verrill" box="[346,515,1486,1508]" page="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" year="1883">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93816C224FED061FE7E98FA0D" author="Verrill" box="[346,478,1486,1508]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1883) Report on the Anthozoa, and on some additional species dredged by the " Blake " in 1877 ‾ 1879, and by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer " Fish Hawk " in 1880 ‾ 82. Bulletin of the Museum of ComParative Zoology, 11, 1 ‾ 72." type="journal article" year="1883">Verrill, 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 16
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
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|
||
, pl 4, fig 5;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A95E7493816C224FD0A61FE7CD4FA0D" author="Wright" box="[640,914,1486,1508]" page="30" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" year="1889">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93816C224FD0A61FE7C2AFA0D" author="Wright" box="[640,876,1486,1508]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" refString="Wright, E. P. & Studer, T. (1889) Report on the Alcyonaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 ‾ 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the Years 1873 ‾ 76. Zoology, 31, 1 ‾ 314." type="journal article" year="1889">Wright & Studer, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 30
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A95E7493816C224FC1761FE7B01FA0D" author="Studer" box="[925,1095,1486,1508]" page="86" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" year="1890">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93816C224FC1761FE7B67FA0D" author="Studer" box="[925,1057,1486,1508]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" refString="Studer, T. (1890) Note preliminaire sur les Alcyonaires provenant des campagnes du yacht " I'Hirondelle " 1886, 1887, 1888. Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, Paris, 4, 86 ‾ 95." type="journal article" year="1890">Studer, 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 86
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A95E7493816C224FBD861FE7BBAFA0D" author="Studer" box="[1106,1276,1486,1508]" page="38" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" year="1901">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93816C224FBD861FE7B90FA0D" author="Studer" box="[1106,1238,1486,1508]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" refString="Studer, T. (1901) Alcyonaires provenant des campagnes de " I'Hirondelle " 1886, 1887, 1888, Results. CamPagnes Scientifique de Prince Albert I de Monaco, 20, 1 ‾ 64." type="journal article" year="1901">Studer, 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 38
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A95E7493816C224FA8261FE7FA5F9EA" author="Nutting" page="34" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" year="1908">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93816C224FA8261FE7ADEFA0D" author="Nutting" box="[1288,1432,1486,1508]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1908) Descriptions of the Alcyonaria collected by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross in the vicinity of the Hawaiian Islands in 1902. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, 34, 543 ‾ 601. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.34 - 1624.543" type="journal article" year="1908">Nutting, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 34
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A95E7493816C224FF6761DD7E8AF9EA" author="Kukenthal" box="[237,460,1517,1539]" page="575" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" year="1919">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93816C224FF6761DD7EDFF9EA" author="Kukenthal" box="[237,409,1517,1539]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1919) Gorgonaria. Wissenchaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-EXPedition auf dem DamPfer " Valdivia " 1898 ‾ 1899, 13, 1 ‾ 946." type="journal article" year="1919">Kükenthal, 1919</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 575
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A95E7493816C224FE5D61DD7D87F9EA" author="Deichmann" box="[471,705,1517,1539]" page="245" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" year="1936">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93816C224FE5D61DD7DC8F9EA" author="Deichmann" box="[471,654,1517,1539]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" refString="Deichmann, E. (1936) The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Memoirs of the Museum of ComParative Zoology, 53, 1 ‾ 317." type="journal article" year="1936">Deichmann, 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 245
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
; Grant, 1975: 29, figs 25 and 26.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BC1583816C224FF1D623C7D4CF9CB" blockId="10.[151,1436,1486,1601]" box="[151,522,1548,1570]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB24E6763816C224FF1D623C7D4CF9CB" box="[151,522,1548,1570]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3816C224FF1D623C7FB7F9CB" box="[151,241,1548,1570]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3816C224FF1D623C7FB7F9CB" box="[151,241,1548,1570]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">Acanella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3816C224FF7D623C7D40F9CB" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1883" box="[247,518,1548,1570]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="370" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="spiculosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3816C224FF7D623C7E11F9CB" box="[247,343,1548,1570]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">sPiculosa</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A95E7493816C224FED7623C7D40F9CB" author="Verrill" box="[349,518,1548,1570]" page="17" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" year="1883">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93816C224FED7623C7EA7F9CB" author="Verrill" box="[349,481,1548,1570]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1883) Report on the Anthozoa, and on some additional species dredged by the " Blake " in 1877 ‾ 1879, and by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer " Fish Hawk " in 1880 ‾ 82. Bulletin of the Museum of ComParative Zoology, 11, 1 ‾ 72." type="journal article" year="1883">Verrill, 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 17
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BC1583816C224FF1D621A7A3DF9A9" blockId="10.[151,1436,1486,1601]" box="[151,1403,1578,1601]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB24E6763816C224FF1D621A7A3DF9A9" box="[151,1403,1578,1601]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3816C224FF1D621A7D3DF9A9" authority=": Wright & Studer, 1889: 30" authorityName=": Wright & Studer" authorityPageNumber="30" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,635,1578,1601]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arbuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3816C224FF1D621A7E23F9A9" box="[151,357,1578,1600]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">Acanella arbuscula:</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A95E7493816C224FEE1621B7D3DF9A9" author="Wright" box="[363,635,1579,1601]" page="30" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" year="1889">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93816C224FEE1621B7D13F9A9" author="Wright" box="[363,597,1579,1601]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" refString="Wright, E. P. & Studer, T. (1889) Report on the Alcyonaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 ‾ 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the Years 1873 ‾ 76. Zoology, 31, 1 ‾ 314." type="journal article" year="1889">Wright & Studer, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 30
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A95E7493816C224FD0C621B7C22F9A9" author="Kukenthal" box="[646,868,1578,1601]" page="578" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" year="1919">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93816C224FD0C621B7C74F9A9" author="Kukenthal" box="[646,818,1579,1601]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1919) Gorgonaria. Wissenchaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-EXPedition auf dem DamPfer " Valdivia " 1898 ‾ 1899, 13, 1 ‾ 946." type="journal article" year="1919">Kükenthal, 1919</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 578
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, figs. 248¯249; pl. 44, fig. 75;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A95E7493816C224FB15621B7A3DF9A9" author="Kukenthal" box="[1183,1403,1579,1601]" page="420" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" year="1924">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93816C224FB15621B7A0DF9A9" author="Kukenthal" box="[1183,1355,1579,1601]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1924) Gorgonaria. Walter de Gruyter and Co, Berlin & Leipzig, xxviii + 478 pp." type="book" year="1924">Kükenthal, 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 420
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32E92D33816C224FF1D625D7A1AF91B" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BC1583816C224FF1D625D7A1AF91B" blockId="10.[151,1437,1645,2030]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3816C224FF1D625D7F9CF96F" bold="true" box="[151,218,1645,1670]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<typeStatus id="548F7FFA3816C224FF1D625D7F90F96F" box="[151,214,1645,1670]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The original description for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3816C224FD96625E7DB9F96F" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="1862" box="[540,767,1645,1670]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Mopsea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arbusculum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3816C224FD96625E7DB9F96F" box="[540,767,1645,1670]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">Mopsea arbusculum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
states, “A single example of this Coral was obtained from a fisherman at Cama de Lobos, Madeira, and is now in the British Museum” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93816C224FBA362A17A6CF943" author="Johnson" box="[1065,1322,1681,1706]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" refString="Johnson, J. Y. (1862) Descriptions of two corals from Madeira, Belonging to the genera Primnoa and MoPsea. Proceedings of the Scientific Meeting of the Zoological Society of London, 1862, 245 ‾ 246, pl. XXXI, figs. 1 & 1 a." type="proceedings paper" year="1862" yearSuffix="p">Johnson, 1862 p. 246</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) from 20 fathoms. However the Natural History Museum, London, has
|
||
<typeStatus id="548F7FFA3816C224FCC762867C3BF927" box="[845,893,1718,1742]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">type</typeStatus>
|
||
information for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3816C224FBBD62857A54F927" authorityName=": Wright & Studer" authorityYear="1889" box="[1079,1298,1717,1742]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arbuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3816C224FBBD62857A54F927" box="[1079,1298,1717,1742]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">Acanella arbuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as collected via trawl off the coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32381C83816C224FE3A62E97D63F91B" box="[432,549,1753,1778]" name="Greenland" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">Greenland</collectingCountry>
|
||
in 1898 (Reg. no. 1898.5.5.85). We have not examined the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548F7FFA3816C224FB4862EA7BB4F91B" box="[1218,1266,1754,1778]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32E92D33816C224FF4D62CD7A6EF807" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BC1583816C224FF4D62CD7A6EF807" blockId="10.[151,1437,1645,2030]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3816C224FF4D62CD7E07F8FF" bold="true" box="[199,321,1789,1814]" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3816C224FEC662CD7EE8F8FF" box="[332,430,1789,1814]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3816C224FEC662CD7EE8F8FF" box="[332,430,1789,1814]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="369">Acanella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with obliquely placed polyps (3̄
|
||
<quantity id="4CCC6CBD3816C224FCB862CE7C3CF8FF" box="[818,890,1790,1814]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
) absent on lower parts but scattered to densely packed throughout colony proper and present on tips. Polyps less than
|
||
<quantity id="4CCC6CBD3816C224FC1263127C90F8D0" box="[920,982,1826,1850]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide at base and generally funnel shaped with the proximal end being smaller than distal end. Long slender rods (1̄
|
||
<quantity id="4CCC6CBD3816C224FC5963767B5EF8B7" box="[979,1048,1862,1886]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
) arranged obliquely up polyp wall. Strongly projecting intertentacular sclerites, which extend beyond the base of the contracted tentacles by 500 µm. Coenenchyme very thin and containing needle-like sclerites (
|
||
<quantity id="4CCC6CBD3816C224FCBF63BE7CC9F84F" box="[821,911,1934,1958]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Branching occurs at node dichotomously or in a whorl of two to six but most commonly two to four. Axis has long white internodes (3̄
|
||
<quantity id="4CCC6CBD3816C224FB1863817BAFF823" box="[1170,1257,1969,1994]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="10" pageNumber="369" unit="mm" value="26.0">26 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and short dark brown nodes at base of the colony and longer nodes near tips. Colony can have a calcareous root-like base.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF4B91D03817C225FF1D60E37ECDFAEE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/919814/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="370" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1213]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BC1583817C225FF1D60E37ECDFAEE" blockId="11.[151,1437,1235,1287]" pageId="11" pageNumber="370">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3817C225FF1D60E37E55FB01" bold="true" box="[151,275,1235,1257]" pageId="11" pageNumber="370">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
SEM images of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3817C225FE3460E37DC5FB00" authorityName=": Wright & Studer" authorityYear="1889" box="[446,643,1235,1257]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="370" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arbuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3817C225FE3460E37DC5FB00" box="[446,643,1235,1257]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="370">Acanella arbuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Haplotype A, JSLII36942). A) Tentacle sclerites. B) Coenenchyme sclerites. C) Polyp body sclerites.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32E92D33817C223FF4D61047A62FA15" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="372" pageId="11" pageNumber="370" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BC1583817C225FF4D61047B04F9A0" blockId="11.[151,1437,1332,1969]" pageId="11" pageNumber="370">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3817C225FF4D61047E7BFAA4" bold="true" box="[199,317,1332,1357]" pageId="11" pageNumber="370">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
Colonies with sequence Haplotype A (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130FDDDD3817C225FD7761047C19FAA5" box="[765,863,1332,1357]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1235,1257]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1213]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1213]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. SEM images of Acanella arbuscula (Haplotype A, JSLII 36942). A) Tentacle sclerites. B) Coenenchyme sclerites. C) Polyp body sclerites." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/919814/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="370">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) morphologically correspond to the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3817C225FF1D61697E6EFA98" authorityName=": Wright & Studer" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,296,1368,1393]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="370" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arbuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3817C225FF1D61697E6EFA98" box="[151,296,1368,1393]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="370">A. arbuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its entirety but also to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3817C225FD2F61697C64FA98" authorityName=": Verrill" authorityYear="1883" box="[677,802,1368,1393]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="370" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="eburnea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3817C225FD2F61697C64FA98" box="[677,802,1368,1393]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="370">A. eburnea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
partially. The variation we observed within and among colonies spans the descriptions of both species. Haplotype A specimens may branch in whorls of two to six at a node, but more often are found branching dichotomously or in whorls of two to four. Polyp morphology is variable in terms of length (3̄
|
||
<quantity id="4CCC6CBD3817C225FE0061F47E89FA35" box="[394,463,1476,1500]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="370" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and shape, even among polyps on the same colony. Longer polyps are found near the tips of the colony. Polyps are generally more slender at the base and wider at the mouth, but some polyps are more cylindrical throughout. Living polyps are cream to orange in color and cream to pale brown after preservation in ethanol. Eggs are stored in the base to middle of the polyp depending on polyp size.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BC1583817C225FF4D62647C92F858" blockId="11.[151,1437,1332,1969]" pageId="11" pageNumber="370">
|
||
The primary diagnostic difference between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3817C225FD3162647C0AF984" authorityName=": Wright & Studer" authorityYear="1889" box="[699,844,1620,1645]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="370" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arbuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3817C225FD3162647C0AF984" box="[699,844,1620,1645]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="370">A. arbuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3817C225FC0262647B40F984" authorityName=": Verrill" authorityYear="1883" box="[904,1030,1620,1645]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="370" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="eburnea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3817C225FC0262647B40F984" box="[904,1030,1620,1645]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="370">A. eburnea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is branching pattern.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3817C225FA8962647AC6F984" authorityName=": Verrill" authorityYear="1883" box="[1283,1408,1620,1645]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="370" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="eburnea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3817C225FA8962647AC6F984" box="[1283,1408,1620,1645]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="370">A. eburnea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is described as having two to three branching points at a node whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3817C225FC1162497B6CF978" authorityName=": Wright & Studer" authorityYear="1889" box="[923,1066,1656,1681]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="370" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arbuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3817C225FC1162497B6CF978" box="[923,1066,1656,1681]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="370">A. arbuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has four branches arising from a node. However, distal parts of a colony may have biramous branching whereas the base has verticillate branching, thus making collections of partial colony fragments difficult in terms of species identification. We do not see differences in branching patterns in all specimens represented by Haplotype A.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3817C225FB9162D47BEDF914" authorityName=": Wright & Studer" authorityYear="1889" box="[1051,1195,1764,1789]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="370" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arbuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3817C225FB9162D47BEDF914" box="[1051,1195,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="370">A. arbuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3817C225FB6962D47A19F914" authorityName=": Verrill" authorityYear="1883" box="[1251,1375,1764,1789]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="370" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="eburnea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3817C225FB6962D47A19F914" box="[1251,1375,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="370">A. eburnea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have also been described as differing in the length of marginal and basal sclerites, but we do not see any separation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130FDDDD3817C225FF14631C7E7DF8AD" box="[158,315,1836,1861]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1141,1163]" captionTargetBox="[200,1413,220,1094]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1120]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Length of sclerites (mm) from specimens from within the same species and between genetically closely related species. A) Polyp body sclerites of Haplotype A. Bar color denotes specimens originally identified as Acanella arbuscula (white), A. eburnea (gray), or Isidella elongata (black). B) Coenenchyme sclerites of Haplotype A. Bar color as in (A). C) Polyp body sclerites of A. arbuscula (white) and A. scarletae (gray). D) Coenenchyme sclerites of A. arbuscula (white) and A. scarletae (gray)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/919818/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="370">Figure 5 A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
); it was Grant’s (1976) position that the length of sclerites is too variable and not a good indicator of a species. However, a difference in sclerite size is observed, for example, between colonies bearing Haplotypes A and G (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130FDDDD3817C225FF6263447E39F865" box="[232,383,1908,1933]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1141,1163]" captionTargetBox="[200,1413,220,1094]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1120]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Length of sclerites (mm) from specimens from within the same species and between genetically closely related species. A) Polyp body sclerites of Haplotype A. Bar color denotes specimens originally identified as Acanella arbuscula (white), A. eburnea (gray), or Isidella elongata (black). B) Coenenchyme sclerites of Haplotype A. Bar color as in (A). C) Polyp body sclerites of A. arbuscula (white) and A. scarletae (gray). D) Coenenchyme sclerites of A. arbuscula (white) and A. scarletae (gray)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/919818/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="370">Figure 5C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
), which differ by 4 base pair changes in the
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3817C225FCE363457C86F865" box="[873,960,1909,1932]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="370">mtMutS</emphasis>
|
||
region.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93817C225FB9163447BA7F865" author="Kukenthal" box="[1051,1249,1908,1933]" pageId="11" pageNumber="370" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1919) Gorgonaria. Wissenchaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-EXPedition auf dem DamPfer " Valdivia " 1898 ‾ 1899, 13, 1 ‾ 946." type="journal article" year="1919">Kükenthal (1919)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3817C225FA0E63447E47F858" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1883" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="370" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="spiculosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3817C225FA0E63447E47F858" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="370">A. spiculosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3817C225FECA63A97EFDF858" authorityName=": Verrill" authorityYear="1883" box="[320,443,1944,1969]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="370" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="eburnea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3817C225FECA63A97EFDF858" box="[320,443,1944,1969]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="370">A. eburnea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
thereby increasing the range of sclerite lengths.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4B91D03810C222FF1D60457E79FAEF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/919818/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="371" targetBox="[200,1413,220,1094]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BC1583810C222FF1D60457E79FAEF" blockId="12.[151,1437,1141,1286]" pageId="12" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3810C222FF1D60457E52FB62" bold="true" box="[151,276,1141,1163]" pageId="12" pageNumber="371">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Length of sclerites (mm) from specimens from within the same species and between genetically closely related species. A) Polyp body sclerites of Haplotype A. Bar color denotes specimens originally identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3810C222FB5960A47ADAFB43" authorityName=": Wright & Studer" authorityYear="1889" box="[1235,1436,1172,1194]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="371" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arbuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3810C222FB5960A47ADAFB43" box="[1235,1436,1172,1194]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="371">Acanella arbuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(white),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3810C222FF6560837E26FB21" authorityName=": Verrill" authorityYear="1883" box="[239,352,1202,1224]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="371" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="eburnea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3810C222FF6560837E26FB21" box="[239,352,1202,1224]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="371">A. eburnea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(gray), or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3810C222FE5E60827DC4FB21" authorityName=": Carpine & Grasshoff" authorityYear="1975" box="[468,642,1202,1224]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Isidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="371" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elongata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3810C222FE5E60827DC4FB21" box="[468,642,1202,1224]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="371">Isidella elongata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(black). B) Coenenchyme sclerites of Haplotype A. Bar color as in (A). C) Polyp body sclerites of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3810C222FE0D60E27D4EFB0E" authorityName=": Wright & Studer" authorityYear="1889" box="[391,520,1233,1255]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="371" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arbuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3810C222FE0D60E27D4EFB0E" box="[391,520,1233,1255]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="371">A. arbuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(white) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3810C222FD0060E27C42FB0E" authorityName="France" authorityYear="2017" box="[650,772,1233,1255]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="371" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="scarletae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3810C222FD0060E27C42FB0E" box="[650,772,1233,1255]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="371">A. scarletae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(gray). D) Coenenchyme sclerites of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3810C222FB0960E27A42FB0E" authorityName=": Wright & Studer" authorityYear="1889" box="[1155,1284,1233,1255]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="371" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arbuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3810C222FB0960E27A42FB0E" box="[1155,1284,1233,1255]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="371">A. arbuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(white) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3810C222FA0C60E27FB2FAEF" authorityName="France" authorityYear="2017" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="371" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="scarletae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3810C222FA0C60E27FB2FAEF" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="371">A. scarletae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(gray).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BC1583810C223FF4D617C7BDDFEF5" blockId="12.[151,1437,1356,2029]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="372" pageId="12" pageNumber="371">
|
||
Haplotype A was the most commonly encountered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3810C222FC85617C7C35FA8C" box="[783,883,1356,1381]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="371" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3810C222FC85617C7C35FA8C" box="[783,883,1356,1381]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="371">Acanella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, derived from colonies from all the major ocean basins and across the largest depth range (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130FDDDD3810C222FD0A61407DA3FA61" box="[640,741,1392,1417]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1813,1835]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,829,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,628,1792]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Box and whisker plot depicting the depth range of the 8 different Acanella Haplotypes (A-H) among the 97 samples sequenced for this study; where n = 1 the line connects depth extremes of the trawl that collected the sample. The Haplotypes are arranged in order of decreasing depth and divided by collection location (Haplotype A was collected from both the Atlantic and Pacific). The dashed line demarcates the 200 m isobath, a conventional limit for the upper depth of the deepsea (200 m)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/919810/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="371">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Among the specimens available to us for genetic analysis, those with Haplotype A had been variously identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3810C222FCBA61A47C85FA44" authorityName=": Wright & Studer" authorityYear="1889" box="[816,963,1428,1453]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="371" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arbuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3810C222FCBA61A47C85FA44" box="[816,963,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="371">A. arbuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3810C222FC5E61A47B14FA44" authorityName=": Verrill" authorityYear="1883" box="[980,1106,1428,1453]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="371" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="eburnea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3810C222FC5E61A47B14FA44" box="[980,1106,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="371">A. eburnea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and even
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3810C222FB5F61A47AD3FA44" authorityName=": Carpine & Grasshoff" authorityYear="1975" box="[1237,1429,1428,1453]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Isidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="371" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elongata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3810C222FB5F61A47AD3FA44" box="[1237,1429,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="371">Isidella elongata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These specimens have polyp and sclerite morphology within the range described above (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130FDDDD3810C222FB0061887BAAFA38" box="[1162,1260,1464,1489]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1132,1154]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,339,1111]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,339,1111]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Polyps from three different specimens represented by Haplotype A. i: MAN 8031, identified as Acanella arbuscula when collected from Manning Seamount, New England Seamounts, Atlantic Ocean. ii: MU 5052, identified as Acanella eburnea when collected from Muir Seamount, Bermuda Rise, Atlantic Ocean. iii: MED 3, identified as Isidella elongata when collected from the Eastern Ionian Sea, Mediterranean Sea." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/919820/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="371">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
) and it appears that the name applied to the specimens may often be based on collection location. Specimens collected from the Northern Atlantic (New England Seamounts and off the coasts of Europe, Canada, and northern United States) were routinely identified as
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3810C222FE5262147D36F9D4" box="[472,624,1572,1597]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3810C222FE5262147D2AF9D4" authorityName=": Wright & Studer" authorityYear="1889" box="[472,620,1572,1597]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="371" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arbuscula">A. arbuscula</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
whereas specimens collected from farther south – off the coasts of the U.S. mid-Atlantic and southern states, Gulf of Mexico, and Bahamas – were often identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3810C222FA9F62797AD3F988" authorityName=": Verrill" authorityYear="1883" box="[1301,1429,1608,1633]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="371" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="eburnea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3810C222FA9F62797AD3F988" box="[1301,1429,1608,1633]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="371">A. eburnea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Furthermore, specimens from the Mediterranean Sea identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3810C222FCF0625C7B70F96C" authorityName=": Carpine & Grasshoff" authorityYear="1975" box="[890,1078,1644,1669]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Isidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="371" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elongata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3810C222FCF0625C7B70F96C" box="[890,1078,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="371">Isidella elongata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also had sequence Haplotype A and polyp morphology highly similar to the other representatives of Haplotype A (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130FDDDD3810C222FBA162A07BCAF940" box="[1067,1164,1680,1705]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1132,1154]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,339,1111]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,339,1111]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Polyps from three different specimens represented by Haplotype A. i: MAN 8031, identified as Acanella arbuscula when collected from Manning Seamount, New England Seamounts, Atlantic Ocean. ii: MU 5052, identified as Acanella eburnea when collected from Muir Seamount, Bermuda Rise, Atlantic Ocean. iii: MED 3, identified as Isidella elongata when collected from the Eastern Ionian Sea, Mediterranean Sea." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/919820/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="371">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93810C222FB2A62A07FA7F924" author="Carpine" pageId="12" pageNumber="371" refString="Carpine, C. & Grasshoff, M. (1975) Les Gorgonaires de la Mediterranee. Bulletin de l'Institut OceanograPhique, 71, 1 ‾ 140." type="journal article" year="1975">Carpine and Grasshoff (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
posited that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3810C222FE1C62857D57F924" authorityName=": Carpine & Grasshoff" authorityYear="1975" box="[406,529,1716,1741]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Isidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="371" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elongata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3810C222FE1C62857D57F924" box="[406,529,1716,1741]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="371">I. elongata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3810C222FDC162847DA5F924" box="[587,739,1716,1741]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3810C222FDC162847D99F924" authorityName=": Wright & Studer" authorityYear="1889" box="[587,735,1716,1741]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="371" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arbuscula">A. arbuscula</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3810C222FCAC62857CE7F924" authorityName=": Carpine & Grasshoff" authorityYear="1975" box="[806,929,1716,1741]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Isidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="371" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elongata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3810C222FCAC62857CE7F924" box="[806,929,1716,1741]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="371">I. elongata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found in the Mediterranean Sea, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3810C222FA0E62847E41F918" authorityName=": Wright & Studer" authorityYear="1889" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="371" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arbuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3810C222FA0E62847E41F918" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="371">A. arbuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found no closer than the eastern Atlantic. Later,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93810C222FCC862E87B47F918" author="Grasshoff" box="[834,1025,1752,1777]" pageId="12" pageNumber="371" refString="Grasshoff, M. (1986) Die Gorgonaria der Expeditionen von " Travalilleur " 1880 ‾ 1882 und " Talisman " 1883 (Cnidaria, Anthozoa). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris, 8, 9 ‾ 38." type="journal article" year="1986">Grasshoff (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
expanded the range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3810C222FA8C62E97A39F918" authorityName=": Carpine & Grasshoff" authorityYear="1975" box="[1286,1407,1752,1777]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Isidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="371" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elongata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3810C222FA8C62E97A39F918" box="[1286,1407,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="371">I. elongata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the Atlantic side of the Strait of Gibraltar and noted that 1)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3810C222FCA462CC7CFBF8FC" authorityName=": Wright & Studer" authorityYear="1889" box="[814,957,1788,1813]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="371" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arbuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3810C222FCA462CC7CFBF8FC" box="[814,957,1788,1813]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="371">A. arbuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
co-occurs with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3810C222FBFB62CD7BADF8FC" authorityName=": Carpine & Grasshoff" authorityYear="1975" box="[1137,1259,1788,1813]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Isidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="371" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elongata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3810C222FBFB62CD7BADF8FC" box="[1137,1259,1788,1813]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="371">I. elongata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the mouth of the Mediterranean Sea, and 2) although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3810C222FDD463117DA8F8D0" authorityName=": Wright & Studer" authorityYear="1889" box="[606,750,1824,1849]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="371" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arbuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3810C222FDD463117DA8F8D0" box="[606,750,1824,1849]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="371">A. arbuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the wider distribution in the Atlantic it is still not found within the Mediterranean Sea. Our analysis revealed Mediterranean Sea specimens with Haplotype A at the same location and depth (300̄
|
||
<quantity id="4CCC6CBD3810C222FE3863587D46F869" box="[434,512,1896,1920]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="371" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
|
||
) as collections of reported
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3810C222FCB063597CF3F868" authorityName=": Carpine & Grasshoff" authorityYear="1975" box="[826,949,1896,1921]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Isidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="371" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elongata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3810C222FCB063597CF3F868" box="[826,949,1896,1921]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="371">I. elongata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. One collection was made at
|
||
<quantity id="4CCC6CBD3810C222FA8663587A13F869" box="[1292,1365,1896,1921]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.46" pageId="12" pageNumber="371" unit="m" value="546.0">546 m</quantity>
|
||
depth using an ROV, with images taken of the whole colony
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3810C222FC8163BD7C17F84D" box="[779,849,1933,1956]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="371">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
prior to sampling (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130FDDDD3810C222FBA563BC7BD5F84D" box="[1071,1171,1932,1957]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1339,1361]" captionTargetBox="[180,1385,210,1294]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[180,1385,210,1294]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Acanella arbuscula (M 007) collected from a muddy bottom on Ausias March Seamount, Mallorca Channel, Mediterranean Sea, at 546 m depth. A) Field of colonies. Red circle indicates specimen collected. B) In situ image of specimen before collection. Yellow circle indicates sampled branchlet. C) Specimen sampled with dichotomous and trichotomous branching at the node. Green circle indicates close up of polyps on branchlet. D) Close up of sampled specimen polyps with long intertentacular sclerites. Images courtesy of Sylvia Garcia, Oceana." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/919824/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="371">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). The images show the colony has the typical planar form described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3810C222FD3163817C72F820" authorityName=": Carpine & Grasshoff" authorityYear="1975" box="[699,820,1968,1993]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Isidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="371" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elongata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3810C222FD3163817C72F820" box="[699,820,1968,1993]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="371">I. elongata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with dichotomous branching only, and is living in the typical compact mud facies with which this species is associated. However, an examination of the polyps shows the long, obliquely positioned sclerites typical of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3811C223FD3E64A77C58FF59" box="[692,798,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="372">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3811C223FD3E64A77C5CFF59" box="[692,794,151,176]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="372" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Acanella</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and sequence derived from a tissue sample from this colony revealed Haplotype A. We surmise that some specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3811C223FC26648C7B06FF3C" authorityName=": Wright & Studer" authorityYear="1889" box="[940,1088,188,213]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="372" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arbuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3811C223FC26648C7B06FF3C" box="[940,1088,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="372">A. arbuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been misidentified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3811C223FA06648D7FBFFF11" authorityName=": Carpine & Grasshoff" authorityYear="1975" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Isidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="372" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elongata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3811C223FA06648D7FBFFF11" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="372">I. elongata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, reflecting the similarity of these taxa and assumptions made based on the location of the collection, i.e. if a nodal-branching colony is in the Mediterranean Sea, the default assumption is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3811C223FB9065357BD5FEF4" authorityName=": Carpine & Grasshoff" authorityYear="1975" box="[1050,1171,260,285]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Isidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="372" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elongata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3811C223FB9065357BD5FEF4" box="[1050,1171,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="372">I. elongata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4B91D03811C223FF1D605C7DA3FB37" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/919820/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="372" targetBox="[151,1436,339,1111]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BC1583811C223FF1D605C7DA3FB37" blockId="13.[151,1436,1132,1246]" pageId="13" pageNumber="372">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3811C223FF1D605C7E54FB68" bold="true" box="[151,274,1132,1154]" pageId="13" pageNumber="372">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Polyps from three different specimens represented by Haplotype A.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3811C223FC4D605D7C88FB6B" box="[967,974,1133,1154]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="372">i</emphasis>
|
||
: MAN8031, identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3811C223FB5D605C7ADAFB6B" authorityName=": Wright & Studer" authorityYear="1889" box="[1239,1436,1132,1154]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="372" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arbuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3811C223FB5D605C7ADAFB6B" box="[1239,1436,1132,1154]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="372">Acanella arbuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
when collected from Manning Seamount, New England Seamounts, Atlantic Ocean.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3811C223FBAD60BC7B73FB48" box="[1063,1077,1164,1185]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="372">ii</emphasis>
|
||
: MU5052, identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3811C223FAC860BB7FACFB29" authorityName=": Verrill" authorityYear="1883" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="372" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="eburnea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3811C223FAC860BB7FACFB29" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="372">Acanella eburnea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
when collected from Muir Seamount, Bermuda Rise, Atlantic Ocean.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3811C223FC33609B7C88FB29" box="[953,974,1195,1216]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="372">iii</emphasis>
|
||
: MED3, identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3811C223FB39609A7A18FB29" authorityName=": Carpine & Grasshoff" authorityYear="1975" box="[1203,1374,1194,1216]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Isidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="372" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elongata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3811C223FB39609A7A18FB29" box="[1203,1374,1194,1216]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="372">Isidella elongata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
when collected from the Eastern Ionian Sea, Mediterranean Sea.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BC1583811C223FF4D61007A62FA15" blockId="13.[151,1436,1327,1604]" pageId="13" pageNumber="372">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA93811C223FF4D61007E1DFAAE" author="Bayer" box="[199,347,1327,1352]" pageId="13" pageNumber="372" refString="Bayer, F. M. (1990) A new isidid octocoral (Anthozoa: Gorgonacea) from New Caledonia, with descriptions of other new species form elsewhere in the Pacific Ocean. Proceedings from the Biological Society of Washington, 103, 205 ‾ 228." type="journal article" year="1990">Bayer (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is the most recent study to comment on
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3811C223FCA961007CE3FAA1" box="[803,933,1327,1352]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="372">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3811C223FCA961007CE4FAA1" authorityName=": Verrill" authorityYear="1883" box="[803,930,1327,1352]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="372" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="eburnea">A. eburnea</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
stating that it is different from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3811C223FA8F61007AD3FAA1" authorityName=": Wright & Studer" authorityYear="1889" box="[1285,1429,1327,1352]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="372" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arbuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3811C223FA8F61007AD3FAA1" box="[1285,1429,1327,1352]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="372">A. arbuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but we do not find genetic variation at
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3811C223FDC661647DE5FA82" box="[588,675,1364,1387]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="372">mtMutS</emphasis>
|
||
or 18S between any specimens we have identified to those species, suggesting that the morphological differences seen between these nominal species are best interpreted as intraspecific variation. We propose that colonies bearing Haplotype A and the morphology illustrated in
|
||
<figureCitation id="130FDDDD3811C223FAA661AB7AD1FA5A" box="[1324,1431,1435,1460]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1235,1257]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1213]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1213]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. SEM images of Acanella arbuscula (Haplotype A, JSLII 36942). A) Tentacle sclerites. B) Coenenchyme sclerites. C) Polyp body sclerites." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/919814/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="372">Figures 4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130FDDDD3811C223FF1D618F7FE1FA31" box="[151,167,1471,1496]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1132,1154]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,339,1111]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,339,1111]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Polyps from three different specimens represented by Haplotype A. i: MAN 8031, identified as Acanella arbuscula when collected from Manning Seamount, New England Seamounts, Atlantic Ocean. ii: MU 5052, identified as Acanella eburnea when collected from Muir Seamount, Bermuda Rise, Atlantic Ocean. iii: MED 3, identified as Isidella elongata when collected from the Eastern Ionian Sea, Mediterranean Sea." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/919820/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="372">6</figureCitation>
|
||
, and 7, are a single species and herein synonymize
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3811C223FD6D61F07C25FA31" authorityName=": Verrill" authorityYear="1883" box="[743,867,1471,1496]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="372" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="eburnea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3811C223FD6D61F07C25FA31" box="[743,867,1471,1496]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="372">A. eburnea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3811C223FC2861F07B77FA31" authorityName=": Wright & Studer" authorityYear="1889" box="[930,1073,1471,1496]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="372" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arbuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3811C223FC2861F07B77FA31" box="[930,1073,1471,1496]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="372">A. arbuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which retains its name as it has priority. Thus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB3811C223FEB761D47E8AFA15" authorityName=": Wright & Studer" authorityYear="1889" box="[317,460,1507,1532]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="372" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arbuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3811C223FEB761D47E8AFA15" box="[317,460,1507,1532]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="372">A. arbuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a wider geographic range than initially stated and currently appreciated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32E92D33811C223FF4D62377C23F9AD" pageId="13" pageNumber="372" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8BC1583811C223FF4D62377C23F9AD" blockId="13.[151,1436,1327,1604]" pageId="13" pageNumber="372">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9401D4A3811C223FF4D62377E24F9C9" bold="true" box="[199,354,1543,1568]" pageId="13" pageNumber="372">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F00FBA3811C223FEFA62377E93F9C9" box="[368,469,1543,1568]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Northern" pageId="13" pageNumber="372">Northern</collectingRegion>
|
||
to equatorial Atlantic Ocean, Southwest Pacific Ocean, Aleutian Islands, Indian Ocean, Mediterranean Sea,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F00FBA3811C223FE47621B7D47F9AD" box="[461,513,1579,1604]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Gulf" pageId="13" pageNumber="372">Gulf</collectingRegion>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F00FBA3811C223FDAC621B7D39F9AD" box="[550,639,1579,1604]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="13" pageNumber="372">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32381C83811C223FDAC621B7D39F9AD" box="[550,639,1579,1604]" name="Mexico" pageId="13" pageNumber="372">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
, 350̄
|
||
<quantity id="4CCC6CBD3811C223FD4A621B7C5EF9AA" box="[704,792,1579,1604]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.035" pageId="13" pageNumber="372" unit="m" value="2035.0">2035 m</quantity>
|
||
depth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |