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<document id="02DACE89C7C1DD106BDC6C0BB4B9E920" ID-CLB-Dataset="32016" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4323.3.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e6ed2164-d69d-41e9-b0c1-814b1b6b967e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="919804" ID-ZooBank="282Cfa84-60F8-464A-Acc4-Bfcbbc69F6A9" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1506057874624" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="France, Scott C." docDate="2017" docId="039D704E380EC23DFF1D62767C60F847" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4323.3.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4323 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Acanella furcata Thomson 1929" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="378" masterDocId="FFA40836381CC22EFF8A64307F46FFE9" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic review of the genus Acanella (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Isididae) in the North Atlantic Ocean, with descriptions of two new species" masterLastPageNumber="390" masterPageNumber="359" pageNumber="377" updateTime="1698468876368" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="538A139800704E851A0AEA327428505B">A taxonomic review of the genus Acanella (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Isididae) in the North Atlantic Ocean, with descriptions of two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F8F01A877CACC05DC60F6C5D2599CA35">France, Scott C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="01FA624E9780BB73B990B7C47E2E6831">2017</mods:date>
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<treatment id="039D704E380EC23DFF1D62767C60F847" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6044391" ID-GBIF-Taxon="134839472" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6044391" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D704E380EC23DFF1D62767C60F847" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D704E380EC23DFF1D62767C60F847" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="378" pageId="18" pageNumber="377">
<subSubSection id="C32E92D3380EC23CFF1D62767E45F96B" pageId="18" pageNumber="377" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8BC158380EC23CFF1D62767D61F988" blockId="18.[151,551,1606,1666]" box="[151,551,1606,1633]" pageId="18" pageNumber="377">
<heading id="D0C37634380EC23CFF1D62767D61F988" bold="true" box="[151,551,1606,1633]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="377" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB380EC23CFF1D62767D61F988" authority="Thomson, 1929" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1929" box="[151,551,1606,1633]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="377" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="furcata">
<emphasis id="B9401D4A380EC23CFF1D62767D61F988" bold="true" box="[151,551,1606,1633]" pageId="18" pageNumber="377">
<emphasis id="B9401D4A380EC23CFF1D62767E27F989" bold="true" box="[151,353,1606,1632]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="377">Acanella furcata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA9380EC23CFEE262777D61F988" author="Thomson" box="[360,551,1607,1633]" pageId="18" pageNumber="377" refString="Thomson, J. A. (1929) Alcyonaires des environs de Monaco et de localites diverses. Bulletin de l'Institut oceanograPhique, Monaco, 534, 10." type="journal article" year="1929">Thomson, 1929</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8BC158380EC23CFF1D62597E45F96B" blockId="18.[151,551,1606,1666]" box="[151,259,1641,1666]" pageId="18" pageNumber="377">
<figureCitation id="130FDDDD380EC23CFF1D62597E45F96B" box="[151,259,1641,1666]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1459,1481]" captionTargetBox="[188,1382,573,1437]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[188,1382,573,1437]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 12. SEM images of Acanella furcata (Haplotype F, MED 2). A) Tentacle sclerites. B) Coenenchyme sclerites. C) Polyp body sclerites." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/919842/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="377">Figure 12</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E92D3380EC23CFF1D62817C5BF90F" pageId="18" pageNumber="377" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8BC158380EC23CFF1D62817DF5F92E" blockId="18.[151,797,1713,1766]" box="[151,691,1713,1735]" pageId="18" pageNumber="377">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB24E676380EC23CFF1D62817DF5F92E" box="[151,691,1713,1735]" pageId="18" pageNumber="377">
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB380EC23CFF1D62817D46F92E" authority="Thomson, 1929: 4" authorityName="Thomson" authorityPageNumber="4" authorityYear="1929" box="[151,512,1713,1735]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="377" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="furcata">
<emphasis id="B9401D4A380EC23CFF1D62817E79F92E" box="[151,319,1713,1735]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="377">Acanella furcata</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A95E749380EC23CFECC62817D46F92E" author="Thomson" box="[326,512,1713,1735]" page="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="377" year="1929">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA9380EC23CFECC62817EAEF92E" author="Thomson" box="[326,488,1713,1735]" pageId="18" pageNumber="377" refString="Thomson, J. A. (1929) Alcyonaires des environs de Monaco et de localites diverses. Bulletin de l'Institut oceanograPhique, Monaco, 534, 10." type="journal article" year="1929">Thomson, 1929</bibRefCitation>
: 4
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, unnumbered fig.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8BC158380EC23CFF1D62E07C5BF90F" blockId="18.[151,797,1713,1766]" box="[151,797,1744,1766]" pageId="18" pageNumber="377">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB24E676380EC23CFF1D62E07C5BF90F" box="[151,797,1744,1766]" pageId="18" pageNumber="377">
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB380EC23CFF1D62E07DD1F90F" authority=": Carpine &amp; Grasshoff, 1975: 107" authorityName=": Carpine &amp; Grasshoff" authorityPageNumber="107" authorityYear="1975" box="[151,663,1744,1766]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Isidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="377" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="B9401D4A380EC23CFF1D62E07E04F90F" box="[151,322,1744,1766]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="377">Isidella elongata</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0A95E749380EC23CFEC562E07DD1F90F" author="Carpine" box="[335,663,1744,1766]" page="107" pageId="18" pageNumber="377" year="1975">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA9380EC23CFEC562E07D20F90F" author="Carpine" box="[335,614,1744,1766]" pageId="18" pageNumber="377" refString="Carpine, C. &amp; Grasshoff, M. (1975) Les Gorgonaires de la Mediterranee. Bulletin de l'Institut OceanograPhique, 71, 1 ‾ 140." type="journal article" year="1975">Carpine &amp; Grasshoff, 1975</bibRefCitation>
: 107
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, figs. 59̅60.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E92D3380EC23CFF1D63237D2CF89A" pageId="18" pageNumber="377" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8BC158380EC23CFF1D63237EAEF8A6" blockId="18.[151,1437,1811,2015]" pageId="18" pageNumber="377">
<materialsCitation id="3B5CCB05380EC23CFF1D63237C99F8C2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1655986887" box="[151,991,1811,1836]" country="Monaco" location="Mediterranean Sea" pageId="18" pageNumber="377" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B9401D4A380EC23CFF1D63237F9CF8C5" bold="true" box="[151,218,1811,1836]" pageId="18" pageNumber="377">
<typeStatus id="548F7FFA380EC23CFF1D63237F90F8C5" box="[151,214,1811,1836]" pageId="18" pageNumber="377">Type</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
Collected via long-line fishing, off of
<collectingCountry id="F32381C8380EC23CFD1063247DBEF8C2" box="[666,760,1812,1835]" name="Monaco" pageId="18" pageNumber="377">Monaco</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="8EEB9783380EC23CFC8C63237C99F8C2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D704E380EC23DFF1D62767C60F847:8EEB9783380EC23CFC8C63237C99F8C2" box="[774,991,1811,1836]" country="Monaco" name="Mediterranean Sea" pageId="18" pageNumber="377">Mediterranean Sea</location>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B5CCB05380EC23CFC6163237EA2F8A6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1655986881" country="Monaco" elevation="190" location="Deposited" pageId="18" pageNumber="377" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<elevation id="0019266B380EC23CFC6163237B73F8C2" box="[1003,1077,1811,1835]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="18" pageNumber="377" unit="m" value="190.0">
<quantity id="4CCC6CBD380EC23CFC6163237B73F8C2" box="[1003,1077,1811,1835]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="18" pageNumber="377" unit="m" value="190.0">190 m</quantity>
</elevation>
depth.
<location id="8EEB9783380EC23CFB0663237BBBF8C5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D704E380EC23DFF1D62767C60F847:8EEB9783380EC23CFB0663237BBBF8C5" box="[1164,1277,1811,1836]" country="Monaco" name="Deposited" pageId="18" pageNumber="377">Deposited</location>
in the Musée Océanographique de
<collectingCountry id="F32381C8380EC23CFE0F63087EA2F8A6" box="[389,484,1848,1871]" name="Monaco" pageId="18" pageNumber="377">Monaco</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8BC158380EC23CFF4D636B7D2CF89A" blockId="18.[151,1437,1811,2015]" box="[199,618,1883,1908]" pageId="18" pageNumber="377">
<emphasis id="B9401D4A380EC23CFF4D636B7EF5F89D" bold="true" box="[199,435,1883,1908]" pageId="18" pageNumber="377">For description see:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA9380EC23CFE30636B7D2CF89A" author="Thomson" box="[442,618,1883,1908]" pageId="18" pageNumber="377" refString="Thomson, J. A. (1929) Alcyonaires des environs de Monaco et de localites diverses. Bulletin de l'Institut oceanograPhique, Monaco, 534, 10." type="journal article" year="1929">Thomson, 1929</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E92D3380EC23DFF4D634E7BDFF860" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="378" pageId="18" pageNumber="377" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8BC158380EC23DFF4D634E7F93FDF1" blockId="18.[151,1437,1811,2015]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1436,151,536]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="378" pageId="18" pageNumber="377">
<emphasis id="B9401D4A380EC23CFF4D634E7E7BF87E" bold="true" box="[199,317,1918,1943]" pageId="18" pageNumber="377">Remarks:</emphasis>
Colonies with Haplotype F match the description of
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB380EC23CFC1D634E7B15F87E" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1929" box="[919,1107,1918,1943]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="377" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="furcata">
<emphasis id="B9401D4A380EC23CFC1D634E7B15F87E" box="[919,1107,1918,1943]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="377">Acanella furcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="130FDDDD380EC23CFBE8634E7B95F87E" box="[1122,1235,1918,1943]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1459,1481]" captionTargetBox="[188,1382,573,1437]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[188,1382,573,1437]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 12. SEM images of Acanella furcata (Haplotype F, MED 2). A) Tentacle sclerites. B) Coenenchyme sclerites. C) Polyp body sclerites." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/919842/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="377">Figure 12</figureCitation>
), which is known only from the Mediterranean Sea, where all the sequenced Haplotype F specimens were collected.
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB380EC23CFB7263947A2EF852" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1929" box="[1272,1384,1955,1979]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="377" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="furcata">
<emphasis id="B9401D4A380EC23CFB7263947A2EF852" box="[1272,1384,1955,1979]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="377">A. furcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was synonymized by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA9380EC23CFEEA63F67DBCF836" author="Carpine" box="[352,762,1990,2015]" pageId="18" pageNumber="377" refString="Carpine, C. &amp; Grasshoff, M. (1975) Les Gorgonaires de la Mediterranee. Bulletin de l'Institut OceanograPhique, 71, 1 ‾ 140." type="journal article" year="1975">Carpine and Grasshoff (1975: 107)</bibRefCitation>
with
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB380EC23CFCC963F67B43F836" authorityName=": Carpine &amp; Grasshoff" authorityYear="1975" box="[835,1029,1990,2015]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Isidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="377" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="B9401D4A380EC23CFCC963F67B43F836" box="[835,1029,1990,2015]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="377">Isidella elongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, although they did not provide an explanation as to why but rather state it as a fact without doubt (“Il n’y a non plus aucun doute sur l’identité d’
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB380FC23DFF24648C7EA7FF3C" authority="Thomson" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1929" box="[174,481,188,213]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="furcata">
<emphasis id="B9401D4A380FC23DFF24648C7E2BFF3D" box="[174,365,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">Acanella furcata</emphasis>
Thomson
</taxonomicName>
avec
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB380FC23DFDA0648D7DE1FF3C" authorityName=": Carpine &amp; Grasshoff" authorityYear="1975" box="[554,679,188,213]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Isidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="B9401D4A380FC23DFDA0648D7DE1FF3C" box="[554,679,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">I. elongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.”). The original description of
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB380FC23DFB92648C7B2AFF3C" authorityName=": Muzik" authorityYear="1978" box="[1048,1132,188,213]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Isidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9401D4A380FC23DFB92648C7B2AFF3C" box="[1048,1132,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">Isidella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
indicates that it has large sclerites that
<emphasis id="B9401D4A380FC23DFEB264EF7EA4FF11" box="[312,482,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">do not project</emphasis>
between the base of tentacles.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA9380FC23DFCE264EF7CBBFF11" author="Koch" box="[872,1021,223,248]" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" refString="Koch, G. von (1887) Die Gorgoniden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. Fauna und Flora des Golefs von NeaPel, 15, 1 ‾ 99." type="journal article" year="1887">Koch (1887)</bibRefCitation>
re-described
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB380FC23DFB2964EF7BB1FF11" authorityName=": Muzik" authorityYear="1978" box="[1187,1271,223,248]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Isidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9401D4A380FC23DFB2964EF7BB1FF11" box="[1187,1271,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">Isidella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and both his illustrations and description include large sclerites that do not project between the tentacles. Carpine &amp; Grasshoff’s (1975) image of
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB380FC23DFEDD65197E94FEA9" authorityName=": Carpine &amp; Grasshoff" authorityYear="1975" box="[343,466,295,320]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Isidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="B9401D4A380FC23DFEDD65197E94FEA9" box="[343,466,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">I. elongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows large sclerites that project past the tentacles (Figure 59:
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA9380FC23DFB2265177F95FE8C" author="Carpine" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" refString="Carpine, C. &amp; Grasshoff, M. (1975) Les Gorgonaires de la Mediterranee. Bulletin de l'Institut OceanograPhique, 71, 1 ‾ 140." type="journal article" year="1975">Carpine &amp; Grasshoff, 1975</bibRefCitation>
). Our specimens have long intertentacular sclerites that protrude past the semi-contracted tentacles by 50̄75 µm and have the same sclerite arrangement as seen in their image of
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB380FC23DFC1665417B50FE61" authorityName=": Carpine &amp; Grasshoff" authorityYear="1975" box="[924,1046,367,392]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Isidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="B9401D4A380FC23DFC1665417B50FE61" box="[924,1046,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">I. elongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 1) only long sclerites near the top of the polyp and the absence of the smaller sclerites often found there in other species, 2) a layer of shorter sclerites near the base of the polyp and a layer of long sclerites above those, which allows the polyp to bend towards the branch at the interface between short and long sclerites, and 3) slightly obliquely arranged sclerites up the polyp body.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4B91D0380FC23DFF1D61837E2AFA0E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/919842/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" targetBox="[188,1382,573,1437]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="8B8BC158380FC23DFF1D61837E2AFA0E" blockId="19.[151,1435,1459,1511]" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">
<emphasis id="B9401D4A380FC23DFF1D61837E64FA21" bold="true" box="[151,290,1459,1481]" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
SEM images of
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB380FC23DFE5D61837DC5FA20" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1929" box="[471,643,1459,1481]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="furcata">
<emphasis id="B9401D4A380FC23DFE5D61837DC5FA20" box="[471,643,1459,1481]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">Acanella furcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Haplotype F, MED2). A) Tentacle sclerites. B) Coenenchyme sclerites. C) Polyp body sclerites.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8BC158380FC23DFF4D621D7BDFF860" blockId="19.[151,1436,1581,1966]" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">
Branching has also been used to differentiate
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB380FC23DFD5D621D7C7DF9AF" box="[727,827,1581,1606]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9401D4A380FC23DFD5D621D7C7DF9AF" box="[727,827,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">Acanella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB380FC23DFCFC621D7C8CF9AF" authorityName=": Muzik" authorityYear="1978" box="[886,970,1581,1606]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Isidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9401D4A380FC23DFCFC621D7C8CF9AF" box="[886,970,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">Isidella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(e.g. most recently
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA9380FC23DFB38621E7AC9F9AF" author="Duenas" box="[1202,1423,1581,1606]" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" refString="Duenas, L., Alderslade, P. &amp; Sanchez, J. A. (2014) Molecular systematics of the deep-sea bamboo corals (Octocorallia: Isididae: Keratoisdinae) from New Zealand with descriptions of two new species of Keratoisis. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 74, 15 ‾ 28. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2014.01.031" type="journal article" year="2014">
Dueñas
<emphasis id="B9401D4A380FC23DFA85621E7A04F9AF" box="[1295,1346,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">et al</emphasis>
. 2014
</bibRefCitation>
), with
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB380FC23DFF4562617E75F983" box="[207,307,1617,1642]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9401D4A380FC23DFF4562617E75F983" box="[207,307,1617,1642]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">Acanella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
colonies considered to have some degree of bushiness while
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB380FC23DFC5162617B69F983" authorityName=": Muzik" authorityYear="1978" box="[987,1071,1617,1642]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Isidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9401D4A380FC23DFC5162617B69F983" box="[987,1071,1617,1642]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">Isidella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
colonies are planar. Although
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB380FC23DFA0E62627FA1F967" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1929" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="furcata">
<emphasis id="B9401D4A380FC23DFA0E62627FA1F967" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">A. furcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has planar dichotomous branching (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA9380FC23DFDF162457C77F967" author="Thomson" box="[635,817,1653,1678]" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" refString="Thomson, J. A. (1929) Alcyonaires des environs de Monaco et de localites diverses. Bulletin de l'Institut oceanograPhique, Monaco, 534, 10." type="journal article" year="1929">Thomson, 1929</bibRefCitation>
), suggesting an
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB380FC23DFC6962457B71F967" authorityName=": Muzik" authorityYear="1978" box="[995,1079,1653,1678]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Isidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9401D4A380FC23DFC6962457B71F967" box="[995,1079,1653,1678]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">Isidella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
growth form, at least four other
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB380FC23DFF1D62A97FBDF95B" box="[151,251,1689,1714]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9401D4A380FC23DFF1D62A97FBDF95B" box="[151,251,1689,1714]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">Acanella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species also have dichotomous branching and/or branch in a single plane.
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB380FC23DFBF162AA7A49F95B" authorityName=": Wright &amp; Studer" authorityYear="1889" box="[1147,1295,1689,1714]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arbuscula">
<emphasis id="B9401D4A380FC23DFBF162AA7A49F95B" box="[1147,1295,1689,1714]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">A. arbuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is noted as sometimes having planar branching (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA9380FC23DFDB8628D7DA8F93F" author="Kukenthal" box="[562,750,1725,1750]" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1915) System und Stammesgeschichte der Isididae. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 46, 116 ‾ 126." type="journal article" year="1915">Kükenthal, 1915</bibRefCitation>
description of
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA9380FC23DFC1E628D7BE2F93F" author="Wright" box="[916,1188,1725,1750]" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" refString="Wright, E. P. &amp; Studer, T. (1889) Report on the Alcyonaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 ‾ 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the Years 1873 ‾ 76. Zoology, 31, 1 ‾ 314." type="journal article" year="1889">Wright and Studer, 1889</bibRefCitation>
material).
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB380FC23DFA97628E7AC5F93F" authorityName="Bayer" authorityYear="1990" box="[1309,1411,1725,1750]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dispar">
<emphasis id="B9401D4A380FC23DFA97628E7AC5F93F" box="[1309,1411,1725,1750]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">A. dispar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is described as having dichotomous branching and being roughly planar (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA9380FC23DFC3162D27B0CF913" author="Bayer" box="[955,1098,1762,1786]" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" refString="Bayer, F. M. (1990) A new isidid octocoral (Anthozoa: Gorgonacea) from New Caledonia, with descriptions of other new species form elsewhere in the Pacific Ocean. Proceedings from the Biological Society of Washington, 103, 205 ‾ 228." type="journal article" year="1990">Bayer, 1990</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB380FC23DFBD462D27B97F910" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1870" box="[1118,1233,1762,1785]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gregori">
<emphasis id="B9401D4A380FC23DFBD462D27B97F910" box="[1118,1233,1762,1785]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">A. gregori</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in Gray’s (1870) original description, is indicated as having two branches arising from a single node, and
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB380FC23DFB3963367A38F8F7" authorityName="Aurivillius" authorityYear="1931" box="[1203,1406,1797,1822]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="microspiculata">
<emphasis id="B9401D4A380FC23DFB3963367A38F8F7" box="[1203,1406,1797,1822]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">A. microspiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is described as occasionally planar (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA9380FC23DFDA463197DBCF8AB" author="Aurivillius" box="[558,762,1833,1858]" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" refString="Aurivillius, M. (1931) The gorgonarians from Dr. Sixten Bock's expedition to Japan and Bonin Islands 1914. Kungl. Svenska VetenskaPsakacemiens Handlingar, 9, 65." type="journal article" year="1931">Aurivillius, 1931</bibRefCitation>
). Dichotomous and planar branching is included in the description of
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB380FC23DFEB4637D7EE4F88F" box="[318,418,1869,1894]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9401D4A380FC23DFEB4637D7EE4F88F" box="[318,418,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">Acanella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and is found periodically throughout the genus. We propose that
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5BCA9380FC23DFB10637D7FA7F863" author="Carpine" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" refString="Carpine, C. &amp; Grasshoff, M. (1975) Les Gorgonaires de la Mediterranee. Bulletin de l'Institut OceanograPhique, 71, 1 ‾ 140." type="journal article" year="1975">Carpine and Grasshoff (1975)</bibRefCitation>
observed
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB380FC23DFEDE63427E82F863" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1929" box="[340,452,1906,1930]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Acanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="furcata">
<emphasis id="B9401D4A380FC23DFEDE63427E82F863" box="[340,452,1906,1930]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">A. furcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and misidentified it as
<taxonomicName id="4C34BADB380FC23DFD4063427C05F863" authorityName=": Carpine &amp; Grasshoff" authorityYear="1975" box="[714,835,1905,1930]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Isidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="B9401D4A380FC23DFD4063427C05F863" box="[714,835,1905,1930]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">I. elongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and thus resurrect the species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E92D3380FC23DFF4D63A57C60F847" box="[199,806,1941,1966]" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8BC158380FC23DFF4D63A57C60F847" blockId="19.[151,1436,1581,1966]" box="[199,806,1941,1966]" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">
<emphasis id="B9401D4A380FC23DFF4D63A57E24F847" bold="true" box="[199,354,1941,1966]" pageId="19" pageNumber="378">Distribution:</emphasis>
Mediterranean Sea, 190̄
<quantity id="4CCC6CBD380FC23DFD0A63A67D9FF844" box="[640,729,1942,1966]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="378" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
depth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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