treatments-xml/data/03/81/87/038187D2A450AE15D9B6FCE1FDE1FD50.xml

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<mods:title id="C50A347D698F432A788592AE4EBE49E7">Neoschumannia gishwatiensis (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae-Ceropegieae) from Gishwati Forest, Rwanda-a third and new species from a disjunct African genus</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E4EC36CC90905474AFC0A533DA25C5B0">Fischer, Eberhard</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2453244783BA28E982DFE56775988057">Institut für Integrierte Naturwissenschaften-Biologie, Universität Koblenz-Landau, Universitätsstrasse 1, 56070 Koblenz, Germany; e-mail: efischer @ uni-koblenz. de; killmann @ uni-koblenz. de</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BD87E4075171CF29D4A1BAE087C9FD86">Killmann, Dorothee</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="AA1780579F6A5C543809D915F775CA11">Institut für Integrierte Naturwissenschaften-Biologie, Universität Koblenz-Landau, Universitätsstrasse 1, 56070 Koblenz, Germany; e-mail: efischer @ uni-koblenz. de; killmann @ uni-koblenz. de</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9AC9A9985CF951DE4B31D2DF4F3F8D0A">Meve, Ulrich</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="1386807CD355E644F05352D247B07A36">Lehrstuhl für Pflanzensystematik, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; e-mail: ulrich. meve @ uni-bayreuth. de</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C284D47A450AE10D9B6FCE1FC4FFCE3" ID-CoL="46SF8" authority="Eb.Fischer, Killmann &amp; Meve" authorityName="Eb. Fischer, Killmann &amp; Meve" authorityYear="2013" box="[151,970,808,837]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Neoschumannia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gishwatiensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95CEAD6A450AE10D9B6FCE1FDADFCE3" bold="true" box="[151,552,809,837]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">Neoschumannia gishwatiensis</emphasis>
Eb.Fischer, Killmann &amp; Meve
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B95CEAD6A450AE10DAF9FCE1FBBEFCE3" bold="true" box="[984,1083,809,837]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26F57ADA450AE10DAF9FCE1FBBEFCE3" box="[984,1083,809,837]" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13132A41A450AE10DD6DFCE0FB22FCE3" box="[1100,1191,808,837]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,244,1900,1921]" captionTargetBox="[168,1409,173,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-97@2.[153,1417,149,1890]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Neoschumannia gishwatiensis. A, detail of habit, showing a pair of leaves with inflorescence; B, inflorescence; C, flower; D, petal; E, sepal; F, gynostegium with base of sepal and petals; G, gynostegial corona, interstaminal corona lobe removed; H, staminal corona lobe; I, base of petal; K, interstaminal corona lobe; L, pair of pollinia, with translators and corpusculum; M, clavate, vibratile corolla hair; N, mericarps. All from Fischer 13225. Drawing by E. Fischer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5066795" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5066795/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
&amp; 
<figureCitation id="13132A41A450AE10DDF0FCE0FB67FCE3" box="[1233,1250,808,837]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,245,1926,1947]" captionTargetBox="[188,1405,153,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-93@3.[188,1405,153,1911]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neoschumannia gishwatiensis. A, B, details of habit with inflorescence, scale bar 1 cm; C, D, flower, scale bar 1 cm; E, detail of flower with gynostegium, scale bar 5 mm; F, pair of pollinia, with translators and corpusculum, scale bar 0.2 mm; G, gynostegium, scale bar = 2 mm; H, seed, scale bar = 2 cm; I, mericarps, scale bar = 3 cm. All photos taken at the type locality by E. Fischer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5066799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5066799/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">2</figureCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="8B9736C4A450AE10D9B6FC86FC61FC23" blockId="1.[151,1436,808,965]" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B95CEAD6A450AE10D9B6FC86FE0BFCC3" box="[151,398,846,869]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">Ab omnibus speciebus</emphasis>
Neoschumanniae 
<emphasis id="B95CEAD6A450AE10DB7DFC86FC61FC23" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">adhuc cognitis gemmis obovatis, corolla lobis ellipticis, emeraldis, nitidis, corona gynostegiali partibus extendibus basali discoidis conjunctis differt.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9736C4A450AE10D9B6FC46FD31FC63" blockId="1.[151,1436,808,965]" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BF3ACBEA450AE10D9B6FC46FF48FC03" box="[151,205,910,933]" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">Type</collectingMunicipality>
:— 
<collectingCountry id="F33F7654A450AE10D9CAFC46FEE0FC03" box="[235,357,910,933]" name="Rwanda" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">RWANDA</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="49ECF826A450AE10D852FC46FDC4FC03" box="[371,577,910,933]" country="Rwanda" name="Nord" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">Northern Province</collectingRegion>
: 
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, 
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, 
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, 
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, 
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, 
<emphasis id="B95CEAD6A450AE10D9E6FC66FEE7FC63" box="[199,354,942,965]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">Fischer 13225</emphasis>
(
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<collectionCode id="ED39AE01A450AE10D8F4FC66FE6AFC63" box="[469,495,942,965]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
!; isotype 
<collectionCode id="ED39AE01A450AE10DB72FC66FD20FC63" box="[595,677,942,965]" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">KOBL</collectionCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9736C4A450AE10D9B6FC3DFCC7F809" blockId="1.[151,1436,1013,1967]" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">
Lianas, climbing up to 
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high, with above-ground runners up to 
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long. Latex colorless, roots fibrous. Stems twining when support available, 
<quantity id="4CD09B21A450AE10DB51FBD4FD56FB90" box="[624,723,1052,1078]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 mm</quantity>
diam, green, glabrous. Petiole up to 
<quantity id="4CD09B21A450AE10DDB1FBD4FB67FB90" box="[1168,1250,1052,1078]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" unit="cm" value="2.3">2.3 cm</quantity>
long, adaxially channelled; blades elliptic, 9–11 × 
<quantity id="4CD09B21A450AE10DB0EFB8AFD0CFBFA" box="[559,649,1090,1116]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" unit="cm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5–7 cm</quantity>
, herbaceous to subcoriaceous, basally rounded, acuminate at apex, green, concolor (abaxial side of leaf slightly paler than adaxial side), glabrous, base of lamina adaxially with 2 colleters, stipules reduced or minute, 
<quantity id="4CD09B21A450AE10DB7EFB58FD5CFB0C" box="[607,729,1168,1194]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="0.9" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1 mm</quantity>
long, glands ovoid. Inflorescences extra-axillary, solitary, many-flowered with 1–2 flowers open at time, pseudo-umbellate, with flowers all arising at apex of peduncle, lax; pedunculate, peduncles filiform, ca. 
<quantity id="4CD09B21A450AE10DB5BFB15FD57FB51" box="[634,722,1245,1271]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" unit="cm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 cm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CD09B21A450AE10DA3FFB15FCFDFB51" box="[798,888,1245,1271]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
diam., glabrous; rachis persistent, cylindrical, thick, straight, with numerous lanceolate bracts; pedicels filiform, ca. 
<quantity id="4CD09B21A450AE10DD20FACCFBB8FAB8" box="[1025,1085,1284,1310]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CD09B21A450AE10DDAFFACCFB51FAB8" box="[1166,1236,1284,1310]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
wide, glabrous. Flowers pendulous. Flower buds obovoid. Calyx aposepalous, sepals lanceolate, ca. 
<quantity id="4CD09B21A450AE10DD9BFAE2FA84FAE2" box="[1210,1281,1322,1348]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
long, acute, glabrous. Corolla rotate, ca. 
<quantity id="4CD09B21A450AE10D8D3FA99FDC2FACD" box="[498,583,1361,1387]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
long, apopetalous, petals narrowly elliptic, 24–28 × 
<quantity id="4CD09B21A450AE10DDEDFA99FAB6FACD" box="[1228,1331,1361,1387]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="8.0">8–9 mm</quantity>
, slightly twisted at base and suddenly narrowed to ca. 
<quantity id="4CD09B21A450AE10DB98FAB0FC91FA34" box="[697,788,1400,1426]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
width, subacute, abaxially greenish, tinged reddish to brownish, adaxially emerald-green, smooth, brilliant, with whitish, vibratile, clavate trichomes, ca. 
<quantity id="4CD09B21A450AE10DC77FA56FA1EFA1E" box="[1366,1435,1438,1464]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
long, on base of petals, otherwise glabrous; petals usually slightly spreading at anthesis. Gynostegial corona a basally fused ring of staminal and interstaminal parts which is extended basally into a completely fused skirt; skirt discoid, spreading, fleshy, white, glabrous; staminal corona lobes lanceolate, ca. 
<quantity id="4CD09B21A450AE10DDAFF9DAFB56F98A" box="[1166,1235,1554,1580]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
long, conniventerect, purple with translucent-white apex, laterally and abaxially with simple, thin, spreading hairs, 
<quantity id="4CD09B21A450AE10DC62F9F1FF40F9DC" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="0.45" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.5 mm</quantity>
long, translucent-white; interstaminal corona lobes deltoid, ca. 
<quantity id="4CD09B21A450AE10DAEDF9A8FB97F9DC" box="[972,1042,1632,1658]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
long, ascending-erect with apex slightly recurved, canaliculate, occasionally apically notched, white with purple dots, laterally and abaxially covered with simple, thin, spreading hairs, 
<quantity id="4CD09B21A450AE10DB84F965FCB4F961" box="[677,817,1709,1735]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.5">0.5-0.6 mm</quantity>
long, translucent-white. Gynostegium with corona atop a column, exposed above corolla, column cylindrical, ca. 1.4 × 
<quantity id="4CD09B21A450AE10DAEDF91CFBAEF948" box="[972,1067,1748,1774]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
, whitish. Anthers subquadrate, erect, thickened. Pollinia erect, obovoid, ca. 0.4 × 
<quantity id="4CD09B21A450AE10DA23F932FCE6F8B2" box="[770,867,1786,1812]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
; corpusculum ellipsoid, ca. 
<quantity id="4CD09B21A450AE10DD9BF932FA92F8B2" box="[1210,1303,1786,1812]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
long, with inconspicuous, ellipsoid-deltoid basal projections, caudicles linear, ca. 
<quantity id="4CD09B21A450AE10DD23F8E9FBDAF89D" box="[1026,1119,1825,1851]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
long, straight. Style head umbonate. Mericarps paired, pendulous, narrowly oblong, terete, 
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long, 
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diam., acute-angled (20–30°), shortly beaked, mottled whitish green, green or dark green, glabrous. Seeds ovate, 11 × ca. 
<quantity id="4CD09B21A450AE10DC6EF8A6FA12F82E" box="[1359,1431,1902,1928]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
, brown, wing ca. 
<quantity id="4CD09B21A450AE10D87AF85DFE1BF809" box="[347,414,1941,1967]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
wide; coma ca. 
<quantity id="4CD09B21A450AE10DB7FF85DFD35F809" box="[606,688,1941,1967]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
long, white.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF57664CA453AE13D9B6F8A4FCEDF841" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5066795" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5066795" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5066795/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" startId="2.[151,244,1900,1921]" targetBox="[168,1409,173,1870]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8B9736C4A453AE13D9B6F8A4FCEDF841" blockId="2.[150,1436,1900,2023]" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B95CEAD6A453AE13D9B6F8A4FE8EF827" bold="true" box="[151,267,1900,1921]" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C284D47A453AE13D830F8A4FDB7F827" authorityName="Eb. Fischer, Killmann &amp; Meve" authorityYear="2013" box="[273,562,1900,1921]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Neoschumannia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gishwatiensis">
<emphasis id="B95CEAD6A453AE13D830F8A4FDB7F827" box="[273,562,1900,1921]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Neoschumannia gishwatiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A, detail of habit, showing a pair of leaves with inflorescence; B, inflorescence; C, flower; D, petal; E, sepal; F, gynostegium with base of sepal and petals; G, gynostegial corona, interstaminal corona lobe removed; H, staminal corona lobe; I, base of petal; K, interstaminal corona lobe; L, pair of pollinia, with translators and corpusculum; M, clavate, vibratile corolla hair; N, mericarps. All from 
<emphasis id="B95CEAD6A453AE13D8D3F81AFDF8F841" box="[498,637,2002,2023]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Fischer 13225</emphasis>
. Drawing by E. Fischer.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF57664CA452AE12D9B6F84EFF66F852" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5066799" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5066799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5066799/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" startId="3.[151,245,1926,1947]" targetBox="[188,1405,153,1911]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8B9736C4A452AE12D9B6F84EFF66F852" blockId="3.[151,1437,1926,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B95CEAD6A452AE12D9B6F84EFE88F83D" bold="true" box="[151,269,1926,1947]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C284D47A452AE12D832F84FFDB0F83A" authorityName="Eb. Fischer, Killmann &amp; Meve" authorityYear="2013" box="[275,565,1927,1948]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Neoschumannia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gishwatiensis">
<emphasis id="B95CEAD6A452AE12D832F84FFDB0F83A" box="[275,565,1927,1948]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Neoschumannia gishwatiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A, B, details of habit with inflorescence, scale bar 1 cm; C, D, flower, scale bar 1 cm; E, detail of flower with gynostegium, scale bar 5 mm; F, pair of pollinia, with translators and corpusculum, scale bar 0.2 mm; G, gynostegium, scale bar = 2 mm; H, seed, scale bar = 2 cm; I, mericarps, scale bar = 3 cm. All photos taken at the type locality by E. Fischer.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9736C4A455AE15D9E7FF50FC04FE41" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,758]" pageId="4" pageNumber="23">
Habitat:—This species was found near the edge of the Gishwati Forest Reserve, in degraded secondary forest dominated by 
<taxonomicName id="4C284D47A455AE15D8A9FF77FD61FF7E" authority="Pax" authorityName="Pax" authorityYear="1901" box="[392,740,190,216]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Neoboutonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocalyx">
<emphasis id="B95CEAD6A455AE15D8A9FF77FD28FF7E" box="[392,685,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="23">Neoboutonia macrocalyx</emphasis>
Pax
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C284D47A455AE15DBD1FF77FB04FF7E" authority="Pax" authorityName="Pax" authorityYear="1895" box="[752,1153,190,216]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Macaranga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kilimandscharica">
<emphasis id="B95CEAD6A455AE15DBD1FF77FBCFFF7E" box="[752,1098,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="23">Macaranga kilimandscharica</emphasis>
Pax
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C284D47A455AE15DDADFF77FF6DFF59" authority="(Hiern) Harms" authorityName="Harms" baseAuthorityName="Hiern" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" genus="Polyscias" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fulva">
<emphasis id="B95CEAD6A455AE15DDADFF77FABBFF7E" box="[1164,1342,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="23">Polyscias fulva</emphasis>
(Hiern) Harms
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C284D47A455AE15D9D5FF2DFDCDFF59" authority="Sprague" authorityName="Sprague" authorityYear="1906" box="[244,584,229,255]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Carapa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="B95CEAD6A455AE15D9D5FF2DFE58FF58" box="[244,477,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="23">Carapa grandiflora</emphasis>
Sprague
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C284D47A455AE15DB75FF2DFC1AFF59" authority="Hiern" authorityName="Hiern" box="[596,927,229,255]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Vernonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="auriculifera">
<emphasis id="B95CEAD6A455AE15DB75FF2DFCD7FF58" box="[596,850,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="23">Vernonia auriculifera</emphasis>
Hiern
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C284D47A455AE15DAFFFF2DFB2EFF58" authorityName="C. Jeffrey" authorityYear="1986" baseAuthorityName="Hook. fil." box="[990,1195,229,254]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solanecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mannii">
<emphasis id="B95CEAD6A455AE15DAFFFF2DFB2EFF58" box="[990,1195,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="23">Solanecio mannii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Hook. f.) 
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.Jeffrey at 
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altitude. The Gishwati Forest is a remnant of a once larger montane forest (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B35A455AE15DDBDFEC4FADAFE80" author="Mildbraed, J." box="[1180,1375,268,294]" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" refId="ref3870" refString="Mildbraed, J. (1914) Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Zentral-Afrika-Expedition 1907 - 1908 unter Fuhrung Adolf Friedrichs, Herzog zu Mecklenburg. II. Botanik. Klinkhardt &amp; Biermann, Leipzig, 718 pp." type="book" year="1914">Mildbraed 1914</bibRefCitation>
) that was mostly destroyed in the 1980’s due to a World Bank project, and converted into pastures. The remaining forest relic was again logged after 1994. However, it still harbors a unique diversity and species new to science were recently discovered (Fischer et al. in prep.). The local fauna is also very rich, and a small population of chimpanzees is still present (
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. Chancelor &amp; 
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. Rundus, pers. comm.). For a description of the vegetation of the Gishwati Forest, see 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B35A455AE15DB78FE05FCF8FE41" author="Fischer, E. &amp; Hinkel, H." box="[601,893,461,487]" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" pagination="39 - 85" refId="ref3337" refString="Fischer, E. &amp; Hinkel, H. (1994) Zur Flora und Fauna der Walder Ruandas / Zentralafrika. II. Der Gishwati-Wald. Mainzer Naturwissenschaftliches Archiv 32: 39 - 85." type="journal article" year="1994">Fischer &amp; Hinkel (1994)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9736C4A455AE15D9E7FE3BFDE1FD50" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,758]" pageId="4" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B95CEAD6A455AE15D9E7FE3BFE56FDAB" bold="true" box="[198,467,499,525]" pageId="4" pageNumber="23">Conservation Status:</emphasis>
— 
<taxonomicName id="4C284D47A455AE15D8D0FE3CFCDEFDAB" authorityName="Eb. Fischer, Killmann &amp; Meve" authorityYear="2013" box="[497,859,500,525]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Neoschumannia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gishwatiensis">
<emphasis id="B95CEAD6A455AE15D8D0FE3CFCDEFDAB" box="[497,859,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="23">Neoschumannia gishwatiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only known from the 
<typeStatus id="54938866A455AE15DD8BFE3CFB59FDA8" box="[1194,1244,500,526]" pageId="4" pageNumber="23">type</typeStatus>
locality in the Gishwati Forest Reserve. According to the 
<collectionCode id="ED39AE01A455AE15DB9BFDD2FC81FD92" box="[698,772,538,564]" pageId="4" pageNumber="23">IUCN</collectionCode>
criteria (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B35A455AE15DA58FDD2FB8BFD92" author="IUCN" box="[889,1038,538,564]" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" refId="ref3637" refString="IUCN (2012) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN Global Species Programme Red List Unit, Cambridge. Available from http: // www. iucnredlist. org (accessed 09 December 2012)" type="url" year="2012">IUCN 2012</bibRefCitation>
) it can be assessed as critically endangered (
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). However, the species may be more widespread in similar forests of 
<collectingCountry id="F33F7654A455AE15DDA0FD89FB64FDFD" box="[1153,1249,577,603]" name="Rwanda" pageId="4" pageNumber="23">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
(e.g., Nyungwe National Park; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B35A455AE15D871FDA0FD09FD24" author="Fischer, E. &amp; Killmann, D." box="[336,652,616,642]" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 771" refId="ref3373" refString="Fischer, E. &amp; Killmann, D. (2008) Illustrated field guide to the plants of Nyungwe National Park Rwanda. Koblenz Geographical Colloquia, Series Biogeographical Monographs 1: 1 - 771." type="journal article" year="2008">Fischer &amp; Killmann 2008</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F33F7654A455AE15DB82FDA0FC80FD24" box="[675,773,616,642]" name="Burundi" pageId="4" pageNumber="23">Burundi</collectingCountry>
(Kibira National Park) or the 
<collectingCountry id="F33F7654A455AE15DD59FDA0FF6DFD0E" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="4" pageNumber="23">Democratic Republic of Congo</collectingCountry>
(Kahuzi-Biéga National Park; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B35A455AE15DB4DFD46FC97FD0E" author="Fischer, E." box="[620,786,654,680]" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 240" refId="ref3295" refString="Fischer, E. (1996) Die Vegetation des Parc National Kahuzi-Biega / Zaire. Mit Beitragen von Fritz Dieterlen, Harald Hinkel, Uwe Klug, Joachim Schnurr und Bernd Steinhauer-Burkart. Erdwissenschaftliche Forschung 35: 1 - 240." type="journal article" year="1996">Fischer 1996</bibRefCitation>
). It may be overlooked as it is not very conspicuous without flowers and fruits and resembles other apocynaceous lianas. 
<collectingCountry id="F33F7654A455AE15DAEBFD7DFBAEFD69" box="[970,1067,693,719]" name="Rwanda" pageId="4" pageNumber="23">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
has a special responsibility for the conservation of this unique species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>