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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.2.747" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e28646f7-95f8-4388-b6ab-c92ea12b88c9" ID-PMC="PMC3174430" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-2-9" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FF9C4D1BFFEC441D3722FFD3DD13FFC3" ID-PubMed="22171171" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576063" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1314-2003-2-9" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys 2" ModsDocTitle="Nesogordonia tricarpellata (Dombeyaceae), a new species from Madagascar that compels modification of the morphological circumscription of the genus" checkinTime="1555332306350" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Skema, Cynthia &amp; Dorr, Laurence J." docDate="2011" docId="E990B0214104AC8CB1F90B487F0B7C4A" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 2: 9-15" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 2" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.2.747" docTitle="Nesogordonia tricarpellata Skema &amp; Dorr 2011, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="FF9C4D1BFFEC441D3722FFD3DD13FFC3" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="FF9C4D1BFFEC441D3722FFD3DD13FFC3" masterDocTitle="Nesogordonia tricarpellata (Dombeyaceae), a new species from Madagascar that compels modification of the morphological circumscription of the genus" masterLastPageNumber="15" masterPageNumber="9" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1668140940679" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Nesogordonia tricarpellata (Dombeyaceae), a new species from Madagascar that compels modification of the morphological circumscription of the genus</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Skema, Cynthia</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Dorr, Laurence J.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>9</mods:start>
<mods:end>15</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.2.747</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.2.747</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-2-9</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FF9C4D1BFFEC441D3722FFD3DD13FFC3</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576063</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="156201745" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E990B0214104AC8CB1F90B487F0B7C4A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E990B0214104AC8CB1F90B487F0B7C4A" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="1" pageNumber="10">
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName LSID="E990B021-4104-AC8C-B1F9-0B487F0B7C4A" authority="Skema &amp; Dorr" authorityName="Skema &amp; Dorr" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Nesogordonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nesogordonia tricarpellata" order="Malvales" pageId="1" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tricarpellata" status="sp. nov.">Nesogordonia tricarpellata Skema &amp; Dorr</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="10">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Nesogordonia tricarpellata Skema &amp; Dorr. A habit B leaf blade below C leaf blade below, showing detail of domatia D flower E flower, calyx and corolla removed to show stamens, staminodes, ovary, stigma, and style F anther (right) and staminode (left) G gynoecium with lepidote scales on ovary and 3 - parted style H detail of lepidote scales I immature fruit, longitudinal section showing position of winged ovule. Line drawing by L. R. Andriamiarisoa from herbarium specimen; voucher Rabenantoandro et al. 1711 (MO)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9857" pageId="1" pageNumber="10">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="10" type="latin">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="10">Latin</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="10">Species gynecio 3-carpello et 3 staminodiis a congeneribus differt.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="10" type="type">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="10">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="10">Madagascar:</emphasis>
Toliara: Anosy, Fort-Dauphin, Iabakoho, Antsotso,
<normalizedToken originalValue="forêt">foret</normalizedToken>
humide de basse altitude
<normalizedToken originalValue="IvohibeBemangidy">Ivohibe-Bemangidy</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="près">pres</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="dun">d'un</normalizedToken>
cours
<normalizedToken originalValue="deau">d'eau</normalizedToken>
, 24°34'17&quot;S, 047°12'07&quot;E, 90 m. 12 February 2006 (fl). J. Rabenantoandro, F. Randriatafika, B. Mara, P. Lowry, and E. Lowry 1711 (holotype: US!; isotypes: MO!, TAN!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="1" pageNumber="10" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="10">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="1" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="10">Tree</emphasis>
, 4-8 m tall, to 15 cm d.b.h.; young stems glabrous, pale whitish gray to brown with prominent leaf scars; older stems darker brown; terminal bud to 3 mm long, subulate to falcate, strigose.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="10">Leaves</emphasis>
alternate, entire, persistent; petioles 1-1.5 cm long, glabrous or with a few minute, stellate hairs or with a row of simple hairs (Randriamampionona 470), slightly to noticeably pulvinate basally and apically, drying dark brown; blade elliptic to narrowly elliptic, 5-7.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.5-3 cm, subcoriaceous, dark green above, lighter green below, base obtuse to rounded or attenuate (Randriamampionona 451), margin shallowly crenulate, slightly revolute, apex long acuminate, mucronulate (as an extension of the 1° vein below), glabrous above and below or with mostly simple, erect to appressed hairs restricted to 1° vein above (Randriamampionona 470), venation brochidodromous, 1° vein conspicuously raised below, 2° veins visible but less prominently raised below; domatia ovoid to almost circular tufts of erect or arching simple and stellate hairs in axils of 1° and 2° veins below, 0.6-0.9
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.5-0.6 mm; stipules caducous, not seen.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="10">Inflorescences</emphasis>
axillary, paniculate cymes, to 4.5 cm long, (1-) 2-3-flowered; peduncles to 2.6 cm long, glabrous or with a few minute, stellate hairs; pedicels to 1.5 cm long, articulated 3.2-4.3 mm below base of the flower, glabrous or with a few minute, stellate hairs especially above the articulation.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="10">Epicalyx</emphasis>
fugacious, not seen.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="10">Flower</emphasis>
budsglobose, 3-4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3-4 mm, sepals valvate, sutures slightly raised.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="10">Calyx</emphasis>
5-parted, shortly fused at base;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="10">sepals</emphasis>
ovate, 5-5.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.7-2.2 mm, fleshy, heterotrichous outside with shorter-armed (ca. 0.02 mm long) stellate hairs beneath sparsely distributed longer-armed (ca. 0.2 mm long) stellate hairs, sparingly pubescent inside with few stellate hairs mostly near the sutures, both surfaces with a denser patch of minute stellate or simple hairs apically.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="10">Petals</emphasis>
5, ovate to elliptic, 3.5-4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2-2.5 mm, weakly asymmetric, slightly constricted apically, fleshy, glabrous, white.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="10">Androecium</emphasis>
biseriate, outer whorl of 3 fascicles of 2-3 stamens each (6-9 stamens total), shortly (to 0.5 mm) fused basally, inner whorl of 3 staminodes; stamens
<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="11" start="start">laminar</pageBreakToken>
; anthers 2.7-2.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.8-1.1 mm; lanceolate to oblong, asymmetric, 2.8-2.9
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.8 mm, apex acute to acuminate, fleshy.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">Gynoecium</emphasis>
superior, ca. 1.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.5 mm, 3-carpellate, densely covered by small lepidote scales (ca. 0.15 mm in diameter); ovules 2 per carpel, basally winged, placentation subapical, axile; styles 3, connate, 2-2.5 mm
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="12" start="start">long</pageBreakToken>
; stigma lobes 3, ca. 0.8 mm long, fleshy, stigmatic surface on interior apical portion of lobes, deep red drying black.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Capsules</emphasis>
woody, obconic, 1.5-2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.2-1.5 cm, slightly verrucose with scattered scales or short-armed stellate hairs, chestnut brown, apex depressed with a central umbo, rim not present or scarcely developed.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Seeds</emphasis>
4-5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3-4 mm, seed wings 5-10
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4-5 mm.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9857" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Skema &amp; Dorr" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Nesogordonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tricarpellata">Nesogordonia tricarpellata</taxonomicName>
Skema &amp; Dorr.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">A</emphasis>
habit
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">B</emphasis>
leaf blade below
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">C</emphasis>
leaf blade below, showing detail of domatia
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">D</emphasis>
flower
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">E</emphasis>
flower, calyx and corolla removed to show stamens, staminodes, ovary, stigma, and style
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">F</emphasis>
anther (right) and staminode (left)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">G</emphasis>
gynoecium with lepidote scales on ovary and 3-parted style
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">H</emphasis>
detail of lepidote scales
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">I</emphasis>
immature fruit, longitudinal section showing position of winged ovule. Line drawing by L.R. Andriamiarisoa from herbarium specimen; voucher Rabenantoandro et al. 1711 (MO).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="12" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
Endemic to southeastern Madagascar, where it is known from two collections made in Parcelle 1 of the Parc National
<normalizedToken originalValue="dAndohahela">d'Andohahela</normalizedToken>
(formerly
<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
Naturelle
<normalizedToken originalValue="Intégrale">Integrale</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="dAndohahela">d'Andohahela</normalizedToken>
) and one on the lower slopes of the
<normalizedToken originalValue="IvohibeBemangidy">Ivohibe-Bemangidy</normalizedToken>
forest (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Map of extreme southeastern Madagascar showing where Nesogordonia tricarpellata Skema &amp; Dorr has been collected and these two localities in relation to the three parcels that comprise the Parc National d'Andohahela." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9858" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9858" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Figure 2.</emphasis>
Map of extreme southeastern Madagascar showing where
<taxonomicName authorityName="Skema &amp; Dorr" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Nesogordonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tricarpellata">Nesogordonia tricarpellata</taxonomicName>
Skema &amp; Dorr has been collected and these two localities in relation to the three parcels that comprise the Parc National
<normalizedToken originalValue="dAndohahela">d'Andohahela</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="12" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Evidently restricted to humid forest from 90-500 m. Flowering specimens were collected in February (floral buds) and June (mature flowers). A fruiting specimen was collected in June.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="12" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="12">The epithet was chosen to highlight the fact that the gynoecium of this species is 3-carpellate.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="12" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
At present, this species is known from three collections and two localities, only one of which is protected (Parc National
<normalizedToken originalValue="dAndohahela">d'Andohahela</normalizedToken>
). Based on this and estimates of an extent of occurence &lt;100 km2 and an area of occupancy &lt;10 km2,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Skema &amp; Dorr" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Nesogordonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tricarpellata">Nesogordonia tricarpellata</taxonomicName>
is assigned a preliminary status of Critically Endangered (CR B1ab(i-iv) + B2ab(i-iv)) following the criteria and categories of the
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN," journalOrPublisher="IUCN, Gland, Switzerland" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" refId="B9" refString="IUCN, , 2001. IUCN Red List categories and criteria (version 3.1). IUCN, Gland, Switzerland" title="IUCN Red List categories and criteria (version 3.1)" year="2001">IUCN (2001)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="12" type="specimens examined">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Madagascar:</emphasis>
Toliara:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Intégrale">Integrale</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
# 11, Andohahela, Parcelle 1, Isaka Ivondro, 24°40'S, 46°52'E, 100-150 m. 12-23 June 1993 (fl), Randriamampionona 451 (MO), Ibid., 12-23 June 1993 (fr), Randriamampionona 470 (MO).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
We have no doubt that this new speciesbelongs in
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Nesogordonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Nesogordonia</taxonomicName>
asit has the fruit and seeds unique to the genus: an obovoid woody capsule containing seeds with long, basal wings (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Nesogordonia tricarpellata Skema &amp; Dorr. A habit B leaf blade below C leaf blade below, showing detail of domatia D flower E flower, calyx and corolla removed to show stamens, staminodes, ovary, stigma, and style F anther (right) and staminode (left) G gynoecium with lepidote scales on ovary and 3 - parted style H detail of lepidote scales I immature fruit, longitudinal section showing position of winged ovule. Line drawing by L. R. Andriamiarisoa from herbarium specimen; voucher Rabenantoandro et al. 1711 (MO)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9857" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Fig. 1I</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName authorityName="Skema &amp; Dorr" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Nesogordonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tricarpellata">Nesogordonia tricarpellata</taxonomicName>
is remarkable in having an androecium comprised of 6-9 stamens in an outer whorl and 3 staminodes in an inner whorl; a 3-carpellate ovary; 3 style branches and 3 stigma lobes; and a 3-valved capsule (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Nesogordonia tricarpellata Skema &amp; Dorr. A habit B leaf blade below C leaf blade below, showing detail of domatia D flower E flower, calyx and corolla removed to show stamens, staminodes, ovary, stigma, and style F anther (right) and staminode (left) G gynoecium with lepidote scales on ovary and 3 - parted style H detail of lepidote scales I immature fruit, longitudinal section showing position of winged ovule. Line drawing by L. R. Andriamiarisoa from herbarium specimen; voucher Rabenantoandro et al. 1711 (MO)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9857" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Fig. 1E, G</figureCitation>
). While the number of stamens is variable in other species of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Nesogordonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Nesogordonia</taxonomicName>
, the outer whorl typically possesses some multiple of five (usually 10-25 total) stamens and the inner whorl possesses either 5 free staminodes (most species) or 5 stamens (
<taxonomicName authorityName="L. C. Barnett" authorityYear="1987" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Nesogordonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="abrahamii">Nesogordonia abrahamii</taxonomicName>
L.C. Barnett,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Arenes" authorityYear="1956" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Nesogordonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ambalabeensis">Nesogordonia ambalabeensis</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Arènes">Arenes</normalizedToken>
, and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Nesogordonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fertilis">Nesogordonia fertilis</taxonomicName>
H. Perrier). All other species of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Nesogordonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Nesogordonia</taxonomicName>
have 5-carpellate ovaries, 5 style branches, 5 stigma lobes, and 5-valved capsules. Although the parts of the androecium and gynoecium of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Skema &amp; Dorr" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Nesogordonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tricarpellata">Nesogordonia tricarpellata</taxonomicName>
are reduced in number, the flowers of the new species are 5-merous with 5 calyx lobes and 5 petals, which also is characteristic of all other species of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Nesogordonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Nesogordonia</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Nesogordonia tricarpellata Skema &amp; Dorr. A habit B leaf blade below C leaf blade below, showing detail of domatia D flower E flower, calyx and corolla removed to show stamens, staminodes, ovary, stigma, and style F anther (right) and staminode (left) G gynoecium with lepidote scales on ovary and 3 - parted style H detail of lepidote scales I immature fruit, longitudinal section showing position of winged ovule. Line drawing by L. R. Andriamiarisoa from herbarium specimen; voucher Rabenantoandro et al. 1711 (MO)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9857" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
Carpel number is variable in the
<taxonomicName genus="Dombeyaceae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" rank="genus">Dombeyaceae</taxonomicName>
, and it even varies within a genus (8 of 19 genera;
<bibRefCitation author="Bayer, C" editor="Kubitzki, K" journalOrPublisher="The families and genera of vascular plants" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" pagination="225 - 311" refId="B4" refString="Bayer, C, Kubitzki, K, 2003. Malvaceae. The families and genera of vascular plants 5: 225 - 311" title="Malvaceae" volume="5" volumeTitle="The families and genera of vascular plants" year="2003">Bayer and Kubitzki 2003</bibRefCitation>
). It is not surprising therefore that carpel number in
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Nesogordonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Nesogordonia</taxonomicName>
also is variable and the generic description should be modified to accommodate taxa that are 3-carpellate. Among the Malagasy genera of
<taxonomicName genus="Dombeyaceae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" rank="genus">Dombeyaceae</taxonomicName>
, only
<taxonomicName class="Rosopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Dombeya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">Dombeya</taxonomicName>
Cav. (2-, 3-, or 5-carpellate) and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Helmiopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Helmiopsis</taxonomicName>
H. Perrier (3- or 5-carpellate) also
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="13" start="start">have</pageBreakToken>
species that are 3-carpellate (
<bibRefCitation author="Arenes, J" editor="Humbert, H" journalOrPublisher="Flore de Madagascar et des Comores" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" refId="B1" refString="Arenes, J, 1959. Sterculiacees. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores 131" title="Sterculiacees" volume="131" volumeTitle="Flore de Madagascar et des Comores" year="1959">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Arènes">Arenes</normalizedToken>
1959
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Skema, C" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" pagination="305 - 310" refId="B13" refString="Skema, C, Dorr, LJ, 2010. Dombeya gautieri (Dombeyaceae), a remarkable new species from Madagascar. Kew Bulletin 65: 305 - 310" title="Dombeya gautieri (Dombeyaceae), a remarkable new species from Madagascar." volume="65" year="2010">Skema and Dorr 2010</bibRefCitation>
). Like
<taxonomicName authorityName="Skema &amp; Dorr" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Nesogordonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tricarpellata">Nesogordonia tricarpellata</taxonomicName>
, these other 3-carpellate species also possess a pentamerous perianth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Skema &amp; Dorr" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Nesogordonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tricarpellata">Nesogordonia tricarpellata</taxonomicName>
is the only species in the genus with lepidote scales on the ovary (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Nesogordonia tricarpellata Skema &amp; Dorr. A habit B leaf blade below C leaf blade below, showing detail of domatia D flower E flower, calyx and corolla removed to show stamens, staminodes, ovary, stigma, and style F anther (right) and staminode (left) G gynoecium with lepidote scales on ovary and 3 - parted style H detail of lepidote scales I immature fruit, longitudinal section showing position of winged ovule. Line drawing by L. R. Andriamiarisoa from herbarium specimen; voucher Rabenantoandro et al. 1711 (MO)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9857" pageId="4" pageNumber="13">Fig. 1H, I</figureCitation>
). All other species of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Nesogordonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Nesogordonia</taxonomicName>
have stellate hairs on the ovary (
<bibRefCitation author="Barnett, LC" journalOrPublisher="University of Texas, Austin" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" refId="B3" refString="Barnett, LC, 1988. Systematics of Nesogordonia Baillon (Sterculiaceae). PhD Thesis. University of Texas, Austin" title="Systematics of Nesogordonia Baillon (Sterculiaceae). PhD Thesis" year="1988">Barnett 1988</bibRefCitation>
). As has been noted before (
<bibRefCitation author="Jenny, M" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" pagination="3 - 6" refId="B10" refString="Jenny, M, Bayer, C, Dorr, LJ, 1999. Aethiocarpa reduced to Harmsia (Malvaceae, Dombeyoideae). Taxon 48: 3 - 6" title="Aethiocarpa reduced to Harmsia (Malvaceae, Dombeyoideae)." volume="48" year="1999">Jenny et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Dorr, LJ" journalOrPublisher="3," pageId="6" pageNumber="15" pagination="151 - 153" refId="B7" refString="Dorr, LJ, 2001. A new combination in the endemic Malagasy genus Helmiopsis (Malvaceae-Dombeyoideae). Adansonia, ser. 3, 23: 151 - 153" title="A new combination in the endemic Malagasy genus Helmiopsis (Malvaceae-Dombeyoideae). Adansonia, ser." volume="23" year="2001">Dorr 2001</bibRefCitation>
), a number of other genera in the
<taxonomicName genus="Dombeyaceae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" rank="genus">Dombeyaceae</taxonomicName>
have species with either stellate hairs or lepidote scales on the ovary, including
<taxonomicName class="Rosopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Dombeya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">Dombeya</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Harmsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Harmsia</taxonomicName>
K. Schum., and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Helmiopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Helmiopsis</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Skema &amp; Dorr" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Nesogordonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tricarpellata">Nesogordonia tricarpellata</taxonomicName>
most closely resembles
<taxonomicName authorityName="Arenes" authorityYear="1956" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Nesogordonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="micrantha">Nesogordonia micrantha</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Arènes">Arenes</normalizedToken>
. The two species have similar leaf shape, size, and vestiture; inflorescence morphology; and floral bud shape. The leaf blades of both species are glabrous to sparingly pubescent with domatia of tufted hairs in the axils of the 1° and 2° veins below. The leaves of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Arenes" authorityYear="1956" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Nesogordonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="micrantha">Nesogordonia micrantha</taxonomicName>
, however, are elliptic to obovate (versus elliptic to narrowly elliptic), 2.2-5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.1-2.8 cm (versus 5-7.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.5-3 cm), apically acute (versus long acuminate), and the margin is undulate to slightly crenulate (versus slightly crenulate). Both species have
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="14" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
1-) 2-3-flowered axillary, paniculate cymes and globose floral buds. The floral buds of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Arenes" authorityYear="1956" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Nesogordonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="micrantha">Nesogordonia micrantha</taxonomicName>
, however, are densely (versus sparingly) stellate pubescent. In addition, the two species have non-overlapping geographical ranges;
<taxonomicName authorityName="Skema &amp; Dorr" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Nesogordonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tricarpellata">Nesogordonia tricarpellata</taxonomicName>
appears to be restricted to the Anosyenne Mountains in southeastern Madagascar while
<taxonomicName authorityName="Arenes" authorityYear="1956" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Nesogordonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="micrantha">Nesogordonia micrantha</taxonomicName>
is known only from western Madagascar having been collected principally in the
<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="dAntsingy">d'Antsingy</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="14">
The geographical distribution of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Skema &amp; Dorr" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Nesogordonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tricarpellata">Nesogordonia tricarpellata</taxonomicName>
also is remarkable as the species has the southernmost distribution of any species in the genus.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Skema &amp; Dorr" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Nesogordonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tricarpellata">Nesogordonia tricarpellata</taxonomicName>
appears to be restricted to humid forest on the eastern slopes of the Anosyenne Mountains in extreme southeastern Madagascar south of the Tropic of Capricorn (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Map of extreme southeastern Madagascar showing where Nesogordonia tricarpellata Skema &amp; Dorr has been collected and these two localities in relation to the three parcels that comprise the Parc National d'Andohahela." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9858" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). The Parc National
<normalizedToken originalValue="dAndohahela">d'Andohahela</normalizedToken>
includes the southernmost moist
<normalizedToken originalValue="“tropical”">&quot;tropical&quot;</normalizedToken>
forest in Madagascar, a forest that appears to be an extension of the humid montane forest common to the north but found at lower elevations in the Anosyenne Mountains (
<bibRefCitation author="Goodman, SM" journalOrPublisher="Fieldiana Zoology, ser. 2" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 297" refId="B8" refString="Goodman, SM, 1999. A floral and faunal inventory of the Reserve Naturelle Integrale d'Andohahela, Madagascar: with reference to elevational variation. Fieldiana Zoology, ser. 2 94: 1 - 297" title="A floral and faunal inventory of the Reserve Naturelle Integrale d'Andohahela, Madagascar: with reference to elevational variation" volume="94" year="1999">Goodman 1999</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="14">
Sequence data for one nuclear ribosomal (ITS) and five noncoding plastid markers have been gathered for
<taxonomicName authorityName="Skema &amp; Dorr" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Nesogordonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tricarpellata">Nesogordonia tricarpellata</taxonomicName>
as part of an ongoing phylogenetic study of
<taxonomicName genus="Dombeyaceae" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" rank="genus">Dombeyaceae</taxonomicName>
(Skema in prep.). Parsimony analysis of these data group this new species with
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Nesogordonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humbertii">Nesogordonia humbertii</taxonomicName>
Capuron (Randrianaivo et al. 1391), the only other species of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Nesogordonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Nesogordonia</taxonomicName>
sampled, with high support (bootstrap = 100% from 10,000 replicates).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>