treatments-xml/data/01/64/73/0164738C03445C3F6ACF96672E0D27B8.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.339.6132" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e6dee980-df8e-4623-afda-bb5384205264" ID-PMC="PMC3800830" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-339-93" ID-PubMed="24146588" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-339-93" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 339" ModsDocTitle="Lethrus (Lethrus) schneideri sp. n. (Coleoptera, Geotrupidae) from Greece" checkinTime="1451246835411" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kral, David, Hillert, Oliver, Drozova, Dana &amp; Sipek, Petr" docDate="2013" docId="0164738C03445C3F6ACF96672E0D27B8" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 339: 93-106" docOrigin="ZooKeys 339" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.339.6132" docTitle="Lethrus (Lethrus) schneideri Kral &amp; Hillert, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="101" masterDocId="0B58FFB32355FF861809FFB4C70F3D59" masterDocTitle="Lethrus (Lethrus) schneideri sp. n. (Coleoptera, Geotrupidae) from Greece" masterLastPageNumber="106" masterPageNumber="93" pageNumber="95" updateTime="1668156589491" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Lethrus (Lethrus) schneideri sp. n. (Coleoptera, Geotrupidae) from Greece</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Kral, David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Hillert, Oliver</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Drozova, Dana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Sipek, Petr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number>339</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.339.6132</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-339-93</mods:identifier>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/C68F5659-F842-4D35-9CB9-565948451E57" authority="Kral &amp; Hillert" class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lethrus (Lethrus) schneideri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schneideri" subGenus="Lethrus">
Lethrus (Lethrus) schneideri 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Král">Kral</normalizedToken>
&amp; Hillert
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="2" pageNumber="95">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figures 1C, F; 2C, F; 3C, 4C, F; 5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–E">C-E</normalizedToken>
; 7; 8 
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="95" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="95">
Greece, E Macedonia &amp; Thrace province, Rhodope district, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Komotiní">Komotini</normalizedToken>
environment, Karydia, approx. 120 m a.s.l., 
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="41.101665">41°06.10'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="25.409666">25°24.58'E</geoCoordinate>
(Fig. 8B).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="95" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Type material</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="95">
(169 specimens). Greece: Holotype ♂, allotype ♀ (DKCP), &quot;GR, E Macedonia &amp; Thrace, 19.iv. / Rodopi dist., 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Komotiní">Komotini</normalizedToken>
env., / KARYDIA, 
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="41.101665">41°06.10'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="25.409666">25°24.58'E</geoCoordinate>
/ D. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Král">Kral</normalizedToken>
, D. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Drožová">Drozova</normalizedToken>
, H. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Podskalská">Podskalska</normalizedToken>
, P. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Šípek">Sipek</normalizedToken>
&amp; A. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Venderová">Venderova</normalizedToken>
lgt., 2009 [p] &quot;. Paratypes: 5 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀ (DKCP), 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ (JSCP), same data; 47 ♂♂, 20 ♀♀ (OHCB), 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (DKCP), 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (JSCP), &quot;Greece, (Thrace), / N of Komotini, military area / 10.04.2011, leg. O. Hillert [p]&quot;; 29 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀ (PTCL) 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (JSCP), &quot;Greece, Thracie / Komotini, 2,1 km SZ Karydia / 41.155846, 25.422836 / 29.4.2012, leg. Pavel Turek [p]&quot;; 14 ♂♂, 22 ♀♀ (ZLCK) 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (JSCP), &quot;Greece, Komotini / 2,1 Km SZ Karydia / 
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="41.149776">41°8'59.19&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="25.425316">25°25'31.14&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
/ 29.4.2012, leg. Z. Lucbauer [p]&quot;.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="95" type="additional material examined">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Additional material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="95">
6 specimens). Greece: 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ (NMPC), 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (OHCB), &quot;Xanthi, Gr. / 14.v.1937 / coll. Barton [p]&quot;; 1 ♂ (MNHN), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Grèce">&quot;Grece</normalizedToken>
[p]&quot;.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" type="description of holotype">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Description of holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Maximally developed male with well developed ventral mandible processes (Figs 4C, F; 5C). Total body length 29 mm. Oblong, strongly convex; dorsal surface black, moderately shiny, except almost alutaceous pronotum; ventral surface black with fine blue tinge, moderately shiny, claws black-brown; macrosetation black.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">
Head (Figs 1C, F; 2C; 4C, F; 5C). Labrum bilobed, asymmetrical, right lobe remarkably more developed; surface rugosely and coarsely, shallowly and sparsely punctate, each puncture bearing short recumbent macroseta; anterior margin with dense row of long macrosetae. Clypeus transverse, trapezoidal with anterior angles round. Frontal impressions vague, frontal tubercles indistinct. Frontoclypeal suture present only laterally; keels separating eye canthus from frons only slightly developed 
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="96" start="start">but</pageBreakToken>
distinct, slightly divergent posteriad. Eye canthus exceeding eyes, projecting anterolaterad, almost rectangular, lateral margins divergent posteriad, anterolateral angle round, oblique keel above eyes absent. Pleurostomal process evenly arcuate, hardly exceeding ventrolateral mandible outline. Punctation of frons double, consisting of 
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="97" start="start">coarse</pageBreakToken>
, transversally rugose, regularly and densely distributed punctures, intermixed with fine, irregularly distributed ones; coarse punctures separated by approximately less than their diameter, punctation becoming distinctly sparser posteriad and on occiput; clypeus and eye canthus distinctly rugose.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="97">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="97">
Figures 1. Maximally developed males: A, D 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lethrus (Lethrus) apterus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apterus" subGenus="Lethrus">Lethrus (Lethrus) apterus</taxonomicName>
(Slovakia, Kamenica nad Hronom, DKCP) B, E 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lethrus (Lethrus) ares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ares" subGenus="Lethrus">Lethrus (Lethrus) ares</taxonomicName>
(Greece, Evros dist., 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Polía">Polia</normalizedToken>
, holotype, NMPC) C, F 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lethrus (Lethrus) schneideri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schneideri" subGenus="Lethrus">Lethrus (Lethrus) schneideri</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (holotype). 
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
head in dorsal aspect 
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
head in frontal aspect. Differential characters shown by arrow. Schematically, not to scale.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="97">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="97">
Figures 2. Maximally developed males: A, D 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lethrus (Lethrus) apterus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apterus" subGenus="Lethrus">Lethrus (Lethrus) apterus</taxonomicName>
(Slovakia, Kamenica nad Hronom, DKCP) B, E 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lethrus (Lethrus) ares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ares" subGenus="Lethrus">Lethrus (Lethrus) ares</taxonomicName>
(Greece, Evros dist., 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Polía">Polia</normalizedToken>
, holotype, NMPC) C, F 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lethrus (Lethrus) schneideri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schneideri" subGenus="Lethrus">Lethrus (Lethrus) schneideri</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (holotype). 
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
head in left lateral aspect 
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
pronotum in left lateral aspect. Differential characters shown by arrow. Schematically, not to scale.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="97">Mandibles symmetrical, external outline almost semicircular, pointed subapically in dorsal aspect (Figs 1C, 4C) with maximum width approximately at middle of mandibles length.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="97">Ventral mandible processes (Figs 1F, 2C, 4F, 5C) weakly asymmetrical, right process slightly more developed than left one and with different angle in lateral aspect. Both processes distinctly longer than length of mandible; base thickened, not exceeding lateral mandibular outline in dorsal aspect, with slightly concave external outline in basal half in frontal aspect; longitudinal keel on base laterally present, straight and distinctly subparallel to lateral mandibular outline, approximately as broad as maximum width of mandibles outline basally; in lateral aspect weakly arcuate, approximately subparallel to lateral mandibular outline, slightly divergent gradually basad approximately from middle of its length. Inferiobasal tooth absent; both processes bent inward approximately in middle of mandibles length in frontal view; anterior subapical tooth absent; apical emargination absent; apical tooth round.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="98">
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="98" start="start">Pronotum</pageBreakToken>
(Figs 2F; 4C, F; 5C) transverse, distinctly broader than base of elytra, broadest just behind middle; margin entirely bordered, slightly crenulate in anterior parts. Anterior angles weakly but distinctly projecting anterolaterad, with angulate outline; lateral margin approximately weakly emarginate anteriorly, then straight to round posterior angle; basal margin straight. Punctation of dorsal surface simple, consisting of deep, sparsely and irregularly distributed punctures; punctures separated by approximately two to four their diameters discally, surface near lateral margins considerably shagreened and alutaceous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="98">Scutellar shield widely triangular, finely shagreened.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="99">
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="99" start="start">Elytra</pageBreakToken>
almost semicircular, apices not prominent, each apex forming independent arc. Epipleuron strongly narrowed apicad, epipleural keel not reaching elytral apex. Whole surface alutaceous, finely transversally rugose; striae not indicated, entirely vanishing in rugosities.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="99">Legs. Profemur not armed, protibia with row of eight gradually proximad diminishing external denticles, and with row of tubercles on ventromedial edge.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="99">Aedeagus as in Fig. 3C.</paragraph>
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="99">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="99">
Figures 3. Aedeagi in dorsal and lateral aspect: A 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lethrus (Lethrus) apterus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apterus" subGenus="Lethrus">Lethrus (Lethrus) apterus</taxonomicName>
(Slovakia, Kamenica nad Hronom, DKCP) B 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lethrus (Lethrus) ares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ares" subGenus="Lethrus">Lethrus (Lethrus) ares</taxonomicName>
(Greece, Evros dist., 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Polía">Polia</normalizedToken>
, holotype, NMPC) C 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lethrus (Lethrus) schneideri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schneideri" subGenus="Lethrus">Lethrus (Lethrus) schneideri</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (holotype). Differential characters shown by arrow. Schematically, not to scale.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="99">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="99">
Figures 4. Habitus of maximally developed males: A, D 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lethrus (Lethrus) apterus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apterus" subGenus="Lethrus">Lethrus (Lethrus) apterus</taxonomicName>
(Slovakia, Kamenica nad Hronom, body length: 27 mm, DKCP) B, E 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lethrus (Lethrus) ares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ares" subGenus="Lethrus">Lethrus (Lethrus) ares</taxonomicName>
(Greece, Evros dist., 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Polía">Polia</normalizedToken>
, body length: 28 mm, holotype, NMPC) C, F 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lethrus (Lethrus) schneideri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schneideri" subGenus="Lethrus">Lethrus (Lethrus) schneideri</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (holotype). 
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
dorsal aspect 
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
left frontolateral aspect.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="99">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="99">
Figures 5. Habitus: A 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lethrus (Lethrus) apterus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apterus" subGenus="Lethrus">Lethrus (Lethrus) apterus</taxonomicName>
(Slovakia, Kamenica nad Hronom, body length: 27 mm, male, DKCP) B 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lethrus (Lethrus) ares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ares" subGenus="Lethrus">Lethrus (Lethrus) ares</taxonomicName>
(Greece, Evros dist., 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Polía">Polia</normalizedToken>
, body length: 28 mm, male holotype, NMPC) C 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lethrus (Lethrus) schneideri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schneideri" subGenus="Lethrus">Lethrus (Lethrus) schneideri</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (male holotype), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–E">D-E</normalizedToken>
the same but female allotype. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
, E left lateral aspect D dorsal aspect.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="99" type="variability in males">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="99">Variability in males.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="99">Body length 19-30 mm. Mandible processes in medium developed and underdeveloped (hypothelic) males short, more or less straight with simply rounded to almost acute apically.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="99" type="females">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="99">Females</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="99">(body length 18-24 mm, allotype 24 mm - Figs 5D, E) differ from males as follows: external outline of mandibles almost straight, in apical quarter round in dorsal aspect (Fig. 5D); ventral mandibular process absent (Fig. 5E); protibia broader, row of tubercles on ventromedial edge less pronounced.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="6" pageNumber="99" type="differential diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="99">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="6" pageNumber="99">
Among the species distributed in the Balkan Peninsula, the new species is most similar and probably closely related to 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lethrus (Lethrus) ares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ares" subGenus="Lethrus">
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="100" start="start">Lethrus</pageBreakToken>
(Lethrus) ares
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Král">Kral</normalizedToken>
, Rejsek &amp; Schneider, 2001 and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lethrus (Lethrus) apterus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apterus" subGenus="Lethrus">Lethrus (Lethrus) apterus</taxonomicName>
(Laxmann, 1770). Distinguishing features are: absence of anterior subbasal tooth of ventral mandibular processes (
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lethrus (Lethrus) schaumii" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaumii" subGenus="Lethrus">Lethrus (Lethrus) schaumii</taxonomicName>
Reitter, 1890 and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lethrus (Lethrus) elephas" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elephas" subGenus="Lethrus">Lethrus (Lethrus) elephas</taxonomicName>
Reitter, 1890 have distinct anterior subbasal tooth); absence of anterior subapical tooth of ventral mandibular processes (
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lethrus (Lethrus) halkidikiensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halkidikiensis" subGenus="Lethrus">Lethrus (Lethrus) halkidikiensis</taxonomicName>
Hillert &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Král">Kral</normalizedToken>
, 2013, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lethrus (Lethrus) perun" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perun" subGenus="Lethrus">Lethrus (Lethrus) perun</taxonomicName>
Hillert &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Král">Kral</normalizedToken>
, 2013, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lethrus (Lethrus) raymondi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raymondi" subGenus="Lethrus">Lethrus (Lethrus) raymondi</taxonomicName>
Reitter, 1890 and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lethrus (Lethrus) strymonensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strymonensis" subGenus="Lethrus">Lethrus (Lethrus) strymonensis</taxonomicName>
Hillert &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Král">Kral</normalizedToken>
, 2013 have distinct anterior subapical tooth); presence of approximately symmetrical ventral mandibular processes and regularly round or obtuse-angular anterior pronotal angles (
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lethrus (Lethrus) fallax" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fallax" subGenus="Lethrus">Lethrus (Lethrus) fallax</taxonomicName>
Nikolajev, 1975 and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lethrus (Lethrus) liviae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liviae" subGenus="Lethrus">Lethrus (Lethrus) liviae</taxonomicName>
Pittino, 2011 have remarkably asymmetrical ventral mandibular processes and strongly produced acute-angular anterior pronotal angle). For characters to separate 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lethrus (Lethrus) apterus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apterus" subGenus="Lethrus">Lethrus (Lethrus) apterus</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lethrus (Lethrus) ares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ares" subGenus="Lethrus">Lethrus (Lethrus) ares</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lethrus (Lethrus) schneideri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schneideri" subGenus="Lethrus">Lethrus (Lethrus) schneideri</taxonomicName>
sp. n. see the character matrix (Table 1). Additionally, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lethrus (Lethrus) schneideri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schneideri" subGenus="Lethrus">Lethrus (Lethrus) schneideri</taxonomicName>
sp. n. is probably an endemic species of the southernmost slopes of the Rhodope Mountains approximately between the towns of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Xánthi">Xanthi</normalizedToken>
and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Komotiní">Komotini</normalizedToken>
, while 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lethrus (Lethrus) ares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ares" subGenus="Lethrus">Lethrus (Lethrus) ares</taxonomicName>
is known so far only from four spots all situated in the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Eridropótamos">Eridropotamos</normalizedToken>
river basin (Fig. 7) and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lethrus (Lethrus) apterus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apterus" subGenus="Lethrus">Lethrus (Lethrus) apterus</taxonomicName>
is a widely distributed Pannonian species known from Burgenland (Austria), Moravia (Czech Republic) and Serbia in the west to the Don river basin in the east (Fig. 6). The geographic range of the latter is separated from that of the new species by the Thracian lowlands in Bulgaria inhabited by 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lethrus (Lethrus) schaumii" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaumii" subGenus="Lethrus">Lethrus (Lethrus) schaumii</taxonomicName>
,and by the Rhodope Mountains.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="100">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="100">
Table 1. Character matrix for separation of males of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lethrus (Lethrus) apterus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apterus" subGenus="Lethrus">Lethrus (Lethrus) apterus</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lethrus (Lethrus) ares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ares" subGenus="Lethrus">Lethrus (Lethrus) ares</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lethrus (Lethrus) schneideri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schneideri" subGenus="Lethrus">Lethrus (Lethrus) schneideri</taxonomicName>
sp. n.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="100">
<table pageId="7" pageNumber="100">
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="100">
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" rowspan="1">Species character</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lethrus (Lethrus) apterus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apterus" subGenus="Lethrus">Lethrus (Lethrus) apterus</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lethrus (Lethrus) ares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ares" subGenus="Lethrus">Lethrus (Lethrus) ares</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lethrus (Lethrus) schneideri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schneideri" subGenus="Lethrus">Lethrus (Lethrus) schneideri</taxonomicName>
sp. n.
</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="100">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" rowspan="1">Fig. 1A</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" rowspan="1">Fig. 1B</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" rowspan="1">Fig. 1C</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="100">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" rowspan="1">Figs 2A4D5A</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" rowspan="1">Figs 2B4E5B</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" rowspan="1">Figs 2C4F5C</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="100">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" rowspan="1">Figs 1D2A</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" rowspan="1">Figs 1E2B</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" rowspan="1">Figs 1F2C</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="100">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" rowspan="1">Figs 2A4D5A</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" rowspan="1">Figs 2B4E5B</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" rowspan="1">Figs 2C4F5C</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="100">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" rowspan="1">Fig. 1D</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" rowspan="1">Fig. 1E</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" rowspan="1">Fig. 1F</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="100">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" rowspan="1">Figs 2D4A, D5A</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" rowspan="1">Figs 2E4B, E5B</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" rowspan="1">Figs 2F4C, F5C</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="100">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" rowspan="1">Fig. 3A</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" rowspan="1">Fig. 3B</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" rowspan="1">Fig. 3C</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="100">
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" rowspan="1">Fig. 6</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" rowspan="1">Fig. 7</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" rowspan="1">Fig. 7</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="100">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="100">
Figure 6. Sketch map of eastern and south-eastern part of Europe with known distribution of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lethrus (Lethrus) apterus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apterus" subGenus="Lethrus">Lethrus (Lethrus) apterus</taxonomicName>
. Compiled from the following sources: 
<bibRefCitation author="Baraud, J" journalOrPublisher="Federation Francaise des Societes de Sciences Naturelles &amp; Societe Linneenne de Lyon, Paris &amp; Lyon" pageId="8" pageNumber="101" title="Coleopteres Scarabaeoidea d'Europe. Faune de France. Volume 78." year="1992">Baraud (1992)</bibRefCitation>
- overall range; 
<bibRefCitation author="Burakovski, B" journalOrPublisher="Panstwowe wydawnictwo naukowe, Warszawa" pageId="8" pageNumber="101" title="Chraszcze - Coleoptera (Scarabaeoidea, Dasciloidea, Byrrhoidea, Parnoidea)." volumeTitle="Katalog Fauny Polski." year="1983">Burakovski et al. (1983)</bibRefCitation>
- Poland; 
<bibRefCitation author="Endrodi, S" journalOrPublisher="Rovartani Kozlemenyek (Series Nova)" pageId="8" pageNumber="101" pagination="145 - 226" title="A lemezecsapu bogarak (Lamellicornia) karpatmedencei lelohelyadatai [Lamellicorn beetles (Coleoptera) of the Carpathian basin]." volume="10" year="1957">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Endrődi">Endrodi</normalizedToken>
(1957)
</bibRefCitation>
- Carpathian basin; 
<bibRefCitation author="Gueourguiev, B" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Bulgarica" pageId="8" pageNumber="101" pagination="253 - 275" title="Critical review of the families Glaresidae, Lucanidae, Trogidae, Bolboceratidae, Geotrupidae, Hybosoridae and Ochodaeidae in Bulgaria (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea)." volume="56" year="2004">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guéourguiev">Gueourguiev</normalizedToken>
and Bunalski (2004)
</bibRefCitation>
- Bulgaria; 
<bibRefCitation author="Horion, A" journalOrPublisher="August Feyel Verlag, Ueberlingen-Bodensee" pageId="9" pageNumber="102" title="Faunistik der mitteleuropaeischen Kaefer. Band VI: Lamellicornia (Scarabaeidae - Lucanidae)." year="1958">Horion (1958)</bibRefCitation>
- Austria; 
<bibRefCitation author="Jurena, D" journalOrPublisher="Klapalekiana" pageId="9" pageNumber="102" pagination="17 - 176" title="Prispevek k faunistickemu vyzkumu listorohych brouku (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) na uzemi Ceske republiky a Slovenska). Contribution to the faunistic research on Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) in the Czech Republic and Slovakia." volume="44" year="2008">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Juřena">Jurena</normalizedToken>
et al. (2008)
</bibRefCitation>
- Czech Republic, Slovakia; 
<bibRefCitation author="Miksic, R" journalOrPublisher="Institut za sumarstvo, Sarajevo" pageId="9" pageNumber="102" title="Katalog der Lamellicornia Jugoslawiens." year="1970">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mikšić">Miksic</normalizedToken>
(1970)
</bibRefCitation>
- Serbia; 
<bibRefCitation author="Nikolajev, GV" journalOrPublisher="Kazak universiteti, Almaty" pageId="9" pageNumber="102" title="Zhuki-kravchiki (Scarabaeidae, Geotrupinae, Lethrini): biologiya, sistematika, rasprostraneniye, opredelitel' [Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Geotrupinae, Lethrini: biology, taxonomy, distribution, key]." year="2003">Nikolajev (2003)</bibRefCitation>
- overall range; 
<bibRefCitation author="Panin, S" journalOrPublisher="Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romine, București" pageId="9" pageNumber="102" title="Fauna Republicii Populare Romine, Insecta. Volumul 10, Fascicula 4. Coleoptera Familia Scarabaeidae (Subfamiliile: 1 Coprinae, 2 Geotrupinae, 3 Aphodiinae, 4 Aegialiinae, 5 Hybosorinae, 6, Ochodaeinae, 7 Orphninae, 8 Troginae, 9 Glaphyrinae, 10 Sericinae, 13 Hopliinae, 14 Dynastinae, 15 Valginae, 16 Trichiinae și 17 Cetoniinae). [Fauna of the Peoples's Republic of Romania, Insecta, volume 10, fascicle 4. Coleoptera family Scarabaeidae (subfamilies 1 Coprinae, 2 Geotrupinae, 3 Aphodiinae, 4 Aegialiinae, 5 Hybosorinae, 6, Ochodaeinae, 7 Orphninae, 8 Troginae, 9 Glaphyrinae, 10 Sericinae, 13 Hopliinae, 14 Dynastinae, 15 Valginae, 16 Trichiinae and 17 Cetoniinae]." year="1957">Panin (1957)</bibRefCitation>
- Romania; Semenov-Tian-Shanskij and Medvedev (1936) - overall range. Base map source: http://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-raster-data/.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="100">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="100">
Figure 7. Sketch map of north-eastern part of Greece with marked distribution of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lethrus (Lethrus) ares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ares" subGenus="Lethrus">Lethrus (Lethrus) ares</taxonomicName>
- triangles, compiled from 
<bibRefCitation author="Kral, D" journalOrPublisher="Klapalekiana" pageId="9" pageNumber="102" pagination="253 - 260" title="Lethrus (Lethrus) ares sp. n. (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) from Greece." volume="37" year="2001">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Král">Kral</normalizedToken>
et al. (2001)
</bibRefCitation>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lethrus (Lethrus) schneideri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schneideri" subGenus="Lethrus">Lethrus (Lethrus) schneideri</taxonomicName>
sp. n. - circles, red circle represents the type locality.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="101" type="collecting circumstances">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="101">
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="101" start="start">Collecting</pageBreakToken>
circumstances.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="101">
The type series was collected from uncultivated fields on moderately steep, approximately SE oriented slope consisting of loess soil (Figs 8 
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
) in a millitary area.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="101">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="101">
Figures 8. A Collecting habitat of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lethrus (Lethrus) schneideri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schneideri" subGenus="Lethrus">Lethrus (Lethrus) schneideri</taxonomicName>
sp. n., Greece: Thrace distr., N of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Komotiní">Komotini</normalizedToken>
, April 2011 (photo by Oliver Hillert) B Type locality of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" genus="Lethrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lethrus (Lethrus) schneideri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schneideri" subGenus="Lethrus">Lethrus (Lethrus) schneideri</taxonomicName>
sp. n., Greece: Thrace distr., Karydia, April 2009 (left 
<normalizedToken originalValue="PŠ">PS</normalizedToken>
, right DK) (photo by Hana 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Podskalská-Šípková">Podskalska-Sipkova</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="101" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="101">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="101">
Greece: Thrace, southernmost foothills of the Rhodope (Ροδόπη) Mountains. (Fig. 7), the regional units of Rhodope and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Xánthi">Xanthi</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="101" type="name derivation">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="101">Name derivation.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="101">
Patronymic, named in honour of our longtime friend, entomologist Jan Schneider (Praha, Czech Republic), an excellent 
<taxonomicName family="Geotrupidae" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="101" rank="family">Geotrupidae</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName family="Silphidae" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="101" rank="family">Silphidae</taxonomicName>
specialist.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>