461 lines
55 KiB
XML
461 lines
55 KiB
XML
<document id="AA05875F1406C344780BB36710C2461D" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.2387.1.6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5308281" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629668688650" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Scheffrahn, Rudolf H." docDate="2010" docId="03FE3B35907A3364FEC9FA0FFD9B8CAB" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02387p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2387 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2387.1.6" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Rhynchotermes bulbinasus Scheffrahn 2010, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="68" masterDocId="FFC7434D907B3361FE5EFFBFFF838C57" masterDocTitle="An extraordinary new termite (Isoptera: Termitidae: Syntermitinae: Rhynchotermes) from the pasturelands of northern Colombia" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="63" pageNumber="64" updateTime="1699093198689" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="45041453BEAEF475AEF7FCB6C208623E">An extraordinary new termite (Isoptera: Termitidae: Syntermitinae: Rhynchotermes) from the pasturelands of northern Colombia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8E20F19BA986CF072FBA0ABC1D04ED84">Scheffrahn, Rudolf H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="1E981231F4A00F6C7E4A2C5DE10786EB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="06BC7FC1041DD7D2A6C2DCFDD8F46581">
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<mods:date id="C3B66E01F720E908A92CA83E78BEB1D2">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7AF7AAE88441EDDF9546B1FD136E6B63">2010-03-03</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="DF08986AB882C451287051D260A8721D">2387</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="AED66A824DCA71AD6F143551E525CF42" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.2387.1.6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="634ED9D1B385F7008BD9C39DF384FFC1" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03FE3B35907A3364FEC9FA0FFD9B8CAB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5315757" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5315757" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE3B35907A3364FEC9FA0FFD9B8CAB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE3B35907A3364FEC9FA0FFD9B8CAB" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
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<subSubSection id="C34DD9A8907A3360FEC9FA0FFD56899D" box="[151,725,1456,1482]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE88A23907A3360FEC9FA0FFD56899D" blockId="1.[151,725,1456,1519]" box="[151,725,1456,1482]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
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<heading id="D0A03D4F907A3360FEC9FA0FFD56899D" bold="true" box="[151,725,1456,1482]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9235631907A3360FEC9FA0FFD56899D" bold="true" box="[151,725,1456,1482]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
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<taxonomicName id="4C57F1A0907A3360FEC9FA0FFDF3899D" ID-CoL="78W3C" authority="Scheffrahn" authorityName="Scheffrahn" authorityYear="2010" box="[151,624,1456,1482]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Rhynchotermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulbinasus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9235631907A3360FEC9FA0FFE5C899D" bold="true" box="[151,479,1456,1482]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Rhynchotermes bulbinasus</emphasis>
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Scheffrahn
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A210EB4A907A3360FC26FA0FFD56899D" box="[632,725,1456,1482]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34DD9A8907A3362FEC9FA6AFBB28E55" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE88A23907A3360FEC9FA6AFE9A89B8" blockId="1.[151,725,1456,1519]" box="[151,281,1493,1519]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
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<heading id="D0A03D4F907A3360FEC9FA6AFE9A89B8" bold="true" box="[151,281,1493,1519]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9235631907A3360FEC9FA6AFE9A89B8" bold="true" box="[151,281,1493,1519]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
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(
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<figureCitation id="136C96A6907A3360FEC1FA6AFE9389B8" box="[159,272,1493,1519]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 2–5" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="2.[151,269,1277,1301]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,256,1192,1216]" captionTargetBox-0="[152,1435,194,1256]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,567,1171]" captionTargetId-0="figure-299@2.[152,1435,194,1256]" captionTargetId-1="figure-486@3.[151,1436,567,1171]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="FIGURES 2–5. Rhynchotermes bulbinasus, sp. nov. 2, dorsal habitus of minor (top) and major soldiers (bar = 1 mm); 3, lateral view of minor soldier; arrow points to process on fore coxa (bar = 1 mm); 4, ventral view of head of minor soldier (bar = 0.5 mm); 5, dorsal and lateral habitus of mature workers (bar = 1 mm)." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. Enteric valve lining of R. bulbinasus, sp. nov. worker. Single enteric valve pad on left (bar = 0.05 mm), entire valve on right (bar = 0.2 mm)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5308287" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5308289" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5308287/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5308289/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Figs. 2–6</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE88A23907A3360FEC9F99FFD818A6D" blockId="1.[151,1437,1568,2005]" box="[151,514,1568,1594]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
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<emphasis id="B9235631907A3360FEC9F99FFE058A6D" bold="true" box="[151,390,1568,1594]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Description. Imago</emphasis>
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: unknown
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE88A23907A3360FE98F9FAFC158AA2" blockId="1.[151,1437,1568,2005]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
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<emphasis id="B9235631907A3360FE98F9FAFE2A8A08" bold="true" box="[198,425,1605,1631]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
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Soldier (
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<figureCitation id="136C96A6907A3360FF71F9FAFE238A08" box="[303,416,1605,1631]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–5" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1277,1301]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,194,1256]" captionTargetId="figure-299@2.[152,1435,194,1256]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 2–5. Rhynchotermes bulbinasus, sp. nov. 2, dorsal habitus of minor (top) and major soldiers (bar = 1 mm); 3, lateral view of minor soldier; arrow points to process on fore coxa (bar = 1 mm); 4, ventral view of head of minor soldier (bar = 0.5 mm); 5, dorsal and lateral habitus of mature workers (bar = 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5308287" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5308287/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Figs. 2–4</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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. Dimorphic; both soldier forms nearly identical except for relative proportions. Major and minor soldier ratios approximately equal in foraging groups collected. Head capsule orange or ferruginous orange except darker at base of nasus. Inflated apical portion of nasus concolorous with or lighter than head capsule and much lighter than its base. Noticeable range of head capsule pigmentation among soldiers with small proportions orange-yellow or chestnut brown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE88A23907A3360FE98F8BFFBAF8B82" blockId="1.[151,1437,1568,2005]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Head capsule hemispherical. Nasus projecting well beyond mandibles; basal one-third narrow, gradually increasing in diameter beyond 1/3 length to a maximum at about 2/3 length, then gradually decreasing at tip to less than basal diameter. Diameter of nasus at 2/3 length about 50% greater than narrowest basal diameter. Nasus hollow, thickness of outer wall even. Nasus circular in cross-section throughout. Pilosity of head capsule marked by two longer setae and usually six shorter setae, spaced bilaterally; longer setae on vertex above plane of nasus, shorter setae below plane of nasus. Nasus without setae.</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF28DAAB90793363FEC9FB42FC518903" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5308287" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5308287" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5308287/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" startId="2.[151,269,1277,1301]" targetBox="[152,1435,194,1256]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="8BE88A2390793363FEC9FB42FC518903" blockId="2.[151,1435,1277,1364]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
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<emphasis id="B923563190793363FEC9FB42FEBF8942" bold="true" box="[151,316,1277,1301]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">FIGURES 2–5</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C57F1A090793363FF17FB41FDE58942" authority="Scheffrahn, 2010" authorityName="Scheffrahn" authorityYear="2010" box="[329,614,1278,1301]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Rhynchotermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulbinasus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B923563190793363FF17FB41FDE58942" box="[329,614,1278,1301]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Rhynchotermes bulbinasus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="B923563190793363FC2AFB42FD498942" bold="true" box="[628,714,1277,1301]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A210EB4A90793363FC2AFB42FD498942" box="[628,714,1277,1301]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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2, dorsal habitus of minor (top) and major soldiers (bar = 1 mm); 3, lateral view of minor soldier; arrow points to process on fore coxa (bar = 1 mm); 4, ventral view of head of minor soldier (bar = 0.5 mm); 5, dorsal and lateral habitus of mature workers (bar = 1 mm).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BE88A2390793363FE98FA3CFB588A65" blockId="2.[151,1436,1411,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Mandibles curved ~160–190˚ with greatest curvature beyond marginal tooth. Mandibles narrowing beyond marginal teeth. Marginal teeth exceptionally long and narrow; apical and marginal teeth extremely thin and sharp. When completely closed, mandibles do not superimpose but close further, overlapping near marginal teeth. Antennae very long, nearly twice the length of the nasus; 14 articles, 2<3>4<5=6. Process on fore coxa narrowly triangular, sharp, and projecting forward. All legs long; hind legs longest.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE88A2390793363FE98F982FD038AF5" blockId="2.[151,1436,1411,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Anterior lobe of pronotum with steep upturn giving appearance of dark notches on each side; posterior emarginate. Meso- and metanotum with two lateral tubercles; tergites also with smaller, less sclerotized lateral tubercles arranged in a row along tergum.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE88A2390793363FE98F912FF588BD5" blockId="2.[151,1436,1411,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
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Major soldier (n = 9, 3 each from
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<typeStatus id="54EC348190793363FC3AF912FD4A8A90" box="[612,713,1709,1735]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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colonies; mean±SD (range) in mm): head length with nasus 2.02±0.084 (1.93–2.20); maximum head width 0.96±0.067 (0.89–1.09); left mandible maximum length 0.79±0.035 (0.74–0.84);nasus length 1.19±0.054 (1.11–1.26); nasus width at narrowest basal diameter 0.14±0.011 (0.12–0.15); nasus width at widest apical diameter 0.20±0.014 (0.17–0.22); maximum pronotum width 0.57±0.032 (0.52–0.62); fore tibia length 1.02±0.048 (0.96–1.11); hind tibia length 1.26±0.041 (1.21– 1.36).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE88A2390793362FE98F832FF588CAB" blockId="2.[151,1436,1411,2034]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,152,514]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
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Minor soldier: (n = 9, 3 each from
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<typeStatus id="54EC348190793363FC37F832FD4D8BF0" box="[617,718,1933,1959]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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colonies; mean±SD (range) in mm): head length with nasus 1.84±0.068 (1.74–1.93); maximum head width 0.84±0.070 (0.75–0.99); left mandible maximum length 0.72±0.058 (0.64–0.81); nasus length 1.11±0.030 (1.06–1.16); nasus width at narrowest basal diameter 0.12±0.0081 (0.10–0.12); nasus width at widest apical diameter 0.18±0.012 (0.16–0.20); maximum pronotum width 0.51±0.016 (0.48–0.53); fore tibia length 0.98±0.026 (0.93–1.01); hind tibia length 1.16±0.025 (1.14– 1.21).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE88A2390783362FE98FEB8FBB28E55" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,514]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">
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<emphasis id="B923563190783362FE98FEB8FE3C8D76" bold="true" box="[198,447,263,290]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">
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Worker (
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<figureCitation id="136C96A690783362FF65FEB8FE338D76" box="[315,432,263,290]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 2–5" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="2.[151,269,1277,1301]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,256,1192,1216]" captionTargetBox-0="[152,1435,194,1256]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,567,1171]" captionTargetId-0="figure-299@2.[152,1435,194,1256]" captionTargetId-1="figure-486@3.[151,1436,567,1171]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="FIGURES 2–5. Rhynchotermes bulbinasus, sp. nov. 2, dorsal habitus of minor (top) and major soldiers (bar = 1 mm); 3, lateral view of minor soldier; arrow points to process on fore coxa (bar = 1 mm); 4, ventral view of head of minor soldier (bar = 0.5 mm); 5, dorsal and lateral habitus of mature workers (bar = 1 mm)." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. Enteric valve lining of R. bulbinasus, sp. nov. worker. Single enteric valve pad on left (bar = 0.05 mm), entire valve on right (bar = 0.2 mm)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5308287" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5308289" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5308287/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5308289/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Figs. 5–6</figureCitation>
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).
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</emphasis>
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Monomorphic, slightly larger than soldiers. Head capsule ferruginous orange but with noticeable range of pigmentation from orange-yellow or chestnut brown. Head capsule with about eight longer setae and a few shorter setae evenly spaced; two longer pairs visible in lateral view. Antennae with 14 articles 2<3>4=5. Forecoxa with pointed rise in anterior margin. Enteric valve weakly armed, transition between P1 and P3 defined primarily by constriction of cuticular lining of P2; enteric valve contains three weakly defined pads, each with 12–16 very small triangulate spines. Worker maximum head width (n = 9, 3 each from
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<specimenCount id="9D5141AA90783362FF4AFE57FE0C8E55" box="[276,399,488,514]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">3 paratype</specimenCount>
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colonies; mean±SD (range):
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<quantity id="4CAF27C690783362FCB9FE57FCC48E55" box="[743,839,488,514]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.11" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="1.11">1.11mm</quantity>
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±0.031 (1.06–1.15).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF28DAAB90783362FEC9FB17FD9D8888" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5308289" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5308289" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5308289/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" startId="3.[151,256,1192,1216]" targetBox="[151,1436,567,1171]" targetPageId="3">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE88A2390783362FEC9FB17FD9D8888" blockId="3.[151,1436,1192,1247]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">
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<emphasis id="B923563190783362FEC9FB17FE9F8897" bold="true" box="[151,284,1192,1216]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
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Enteric valve lining of
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<emphasis id="B923563190783362FC7DFB16FD3D8897" box="[547,702,1193,1216]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">
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<taxonomicName id="4C57F1A090783362FC7DFB16FD388897" authority="Scheffrahn, 2010" authorityName="Scheffrahn" authorityYear="2010" box="[547,699,1193,1216]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Rhynchotermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulbinasus" status="sp. nov.">R. bulbinasus</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B923563190783362FC98FB17FC9C8897" bold="true" box="[710,799,1192,1216]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A210EB4A90783362FC98FB17FC9C8897" box="[710,799,1192,1216]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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worker. Single enteric valve pad on left (bar = 0.05 mm), entire valve on right (bar = 0.2 mm).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C34DD9A890783362FE98FAB1FBDC8A04" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BE88A2390783362FE98FAB1FA1689B4" blockId="3.[151,1436,1294,2029]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">
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<emphasis id="B923563190783362FE98FAB1FEC5897F" bold="true" box="[198,326,1294,1320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C57F1A090783362FF13FAB1FC55897F" authority="Coaton 1971" authorityName="Coaton" authorityYear="1971" box="[333,982,1294,1320]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Spatulitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coolingi">
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<emphasis id="B923563190783362FF13FAB1FDD58970" box="[333,598,1294,1319]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Spatulitermes coolingi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC6F7D290783362FC00FAB1FD77897F" author="Coaton, W. G. H." box="[606,756,1294,1320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref2673" refString="Coaton, W. G. H. (1971) Five new termite genera from south west Africa (Isoptera: Termitidae). Cimbebasia, 2, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1971">Coaton 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(Nasutitermitinae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a monotypic genus, is the only nasute termite species in the world other than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57F1A090783362FC3DFA8CFC80891B" authorityName="Scheffrahn" authorityYear="2010" box="[611,771,1331,1356]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Rhynchotermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulbinasus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923563190783362FC3DFA8CFC80891B" box="[611,771,1331,1356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">R. bulbinasus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, that I am aware of, that has a basally constricted nasus. Unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57F1A090783362FEB1FAE6FE0C8925" authorityName="Scheffrahn" authorityYear="2010" box="[239,399,1369,1394]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Rhynchotermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulbinasus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923563190783362FEB1FAE6FE0C8925" box="[239,399,1369,1394]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">R. bulbinasus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the nasus base in the non-mandibulate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57F1A090783362FD34FAE6FC6A8925" authorityName="Coaton" authorityYear="1971" box="[874,1001,1369,1394]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Spatulitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coolingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923563190783362FD34FAE6FC6A8925" box="[874,1001,1369,1394]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">S. coolingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in the dorsal aspect, is only slightly narrower at about one fifth of its length than at its widest distal point. In
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC6F7D290783362FDB3FAC1FB1489CF" author="Coaton, W. G. H." box="[1005,1175,1406,1432]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref2673" refString="Coaton, W. G. H. (1971) Five new termite genera from south west Africa (Isoptera: Termitidae). Cimbebasia, 2, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1971">Coaton’s 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
lateral drawing of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57F1A090783362FEC9FA1CFE9C89EB" authorityName="Coaton" authorityYear="1971" box="[151,287,1443,1468]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Spatulitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coolingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923563190783362FEC9FA1CFE9C89EB" box="[151,287,1443,1468]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">S. coolingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
soldier head, there is no constriction, suggesting that the nasus is constricted laterally (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57F1A090783362FBDCFA1CFE9589B5" authorityName="Scheffrahn" authorityYear="2010" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Rhynchotermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulbinasus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923563190783362FBDCFA1CFE9589B5" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">R. bulbinasus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
constricted dorsoventrally and laterally) suggestive of an oval, laterally compressed, cross section.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE88A2390783362FE98FA51FBDC8A04" blockId="3.[151,1436,1294,2029]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">
|
||
To include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57F1A090783362FF17FA51FE6B8A50" authorityName="Scheffrahn" authorityYear="2010" box="[329,488,1518,1543]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Rhynchotermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulbinasus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923563190783362FF17FA51FE6B8A50" box="[329,488,1518,1543]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">R. bulbinasus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the key to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57F1A090783362FC2FFA51FCA68A50" authorityName="Holmgren" authorityYear="1912" box="[625,805,1518,1543]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Rhynchotermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923563190783362FC2FFA51FCA68A50" box="[625,805,1518,1543]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Rhynchotermes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC6F7D290783362FD0FFA51FC778A5F" author="Fontes, L. R." box="[849,1012,1518,1544]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" pagination="7 - 25" refId="ref2738" refString="Fontes, L. R. (1985) New genera and new species of Nasutitermitinae from the Neotropical Region (Isoptera, Termitidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, Sao Paulo, 3, 7 - 25." type="journal article" year="1985">Fontes (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
would require the addition of a new opening couplet that divides the genus by nasus shape: bulbous for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57F1A090783362FA5EF9ACFB2E8A7B" authorityName="Scheffrahn" authorityYear="2010" box="[1024,1197,1555,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Rhynchotermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulbinasus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923563190783362FA5EF9ACFB2E8A7B" box="[1024,1197,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">R. bulbinasus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, cylindrical for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57F1A090783362FBDCF9ACFE9D8A05" authorityName="Snyder" authorityYear="1925" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Armitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perarmatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923563190783362FBDCF9ACFE9D8A05" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">R. perarmatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and conical for the remaining species separated in the second couplet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34DD9A890783365FE98F9E1FB5E8D75" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE88A2390783365FE98F9E1FB5E8D75" blockId="3.[151,1436,1294,2029]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,152,290]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923563190783362FE98F9E1FE428A2F" bold="true" box="[198,449,1630,1656]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Material Examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3F807E90783365FF97F9E1FB5E8D75" collectingDate="2009-06-02" collectionCode="UF" collectorName="J. Chase & Three & Buenavista & Sincelejo & Depto. & E. Arjona & The & Ft. Lauderdale Research & Education Center & Florida & Consumer Services & Gainesville & Arthropod Collection & Instituto Alexander von Humboldt & Boyac & All & Colombia's Caribbean & Covenas & N. W. San Jacinto & Cienega & Ortiz & Salamina & Sabanalurga & Clemencia" country="Colombia" county="Lomas La Querella" elevation="113" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="67" latitude="10.57234" location="University of Florida Termite Collection" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-75.3354" municipality="Villa de Leyva" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" specimenCode="JUNE09" specimenCount="4" stateProvince="Sucre" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EC348190783362FF97F9E1FDB88A2F" box="[457,571,1630,1656]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: major soldier, Buenavista (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE63ECE490783362FDDEF9E1FC678A2F" box="[896,996,1630,1656]" degrees="9.31454" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" precision="1" value="9.31454">9.31454</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE63ECE490783362FDAFF9E1FBEF8A2F" box="[1009,1132,1630,1656]" degrees="75.02857" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" precision="1" value="-75.02857">-75.02857</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499344C190783362FADFF9E1FA148A2F" box="[1153,1431,1630,1656]" country="Colombia" name="Sucre" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Departamento de Sucre</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F340CAB390783362FEC9F93CFE8E8ACA" box="[151,269,1667,1693]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFE9ACE390783362FF46F93CFE248ACA" box="[280,423,1667,1693]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" value="2009-06-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFAD550B90783362FF46F93CFE248ACA" box="[280,423,1667,1693]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" value="2009-06-02">2 June 2009</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, elev.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF27C690783362FFB1F93CFDB98ACA" box="[495,570,1667,1693]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.13" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="113.0">
|
||
<elevation id="007A6D1090783362FFB1F93CFDB98ACA" box="[495,570,1667,1693]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.13" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="113.0">113 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, under cow dung with many other soldiers and workers,
|
||
<collectorName id="26A2EFF590783362FA92F93CFAB38ACA" box="[1228,1328,1667,1693]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">J. Chase</collectorName>
|
||
, col. (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4612E690783362FB2BF93CFA1F8ACA" box="[1397,1436,1667,1693]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
|
||
code CO-270).
|
||
<collectorName id="26A2EFF590783362FF0EF916FE168A94" box="[336,405,1705,1731]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Three</collectorName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EC348190783362FFC3F916FD818A94" box="[413,514,1705,1731]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
colonies from
|
||
<collectorName id="26A2EFF590783362FCE6F916FCB88A94" box="[696,827,1705,1731]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Buenavista</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="26A2EFF590783362FD28F916FC678A94" box="[886,996,1705,1731]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Sincelejo</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectorName id="26A2EFF590783362FDABF916FBC48A94" box="[1013,1095,1705,1731]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Depto.</collectorName>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499344C190783362FA11F916FB168A94" box="[1103,1173,1705,1731]" country="Colombia" name="Sucre" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Sucre</collectingRegion>
|
||
, CO-270 and CO-294 respectively), and
|
||
<collectorName id="26A2EFF590783362FF33F971FE5D8ABF" box="[365,478,1742,1768]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">E. Arjona</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectorName id="26A2EFF590783362FFB0F971FDBC8ABF" box="[494,575,1742,1768]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Depto.</collectorName>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499344C190783362FC1BF971FD1C8ABF" box="[581,671,1742,1768]" country="Colombia" name="Bolivar" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Bolívar</collectingRegion>
|
||
, CO-366).
|
||
<collectorName id="26A2EFF590783362FD7FF971FCCD8ABF" box="[801,846,1742,1768]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">The</collectorName>
|
||
type and
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EC348190783362FDE1F971FBAC8ABF" box="[959,1071,1742,1768]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are deposited in the
|
||
<location id="8E88DCF890783362FB7EF971FE7D8B5A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE3B35907A3364FEC9FA0FFD9B8CAB:8E88DCF890783362FB7EF971FE7D8B5A" country="Colombia" county="Lomas La Querella" latitude="10.57234" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-75.3354" municipality="Villa de Leyva" name="University of Florida Termite Collection" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" stateProvince="Sucre">University of Florida Termite Collection</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectorName id="26A2EFF590783362FC4FF94CFCBF8B5A" box="[529,828,1779,1805]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Ft. Lauderdale Research</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="26A2EFF590783362FD27F94CFBD38B5A" box="[889,1104,1779,1805]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Education Center</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E88DCF890783362FA00F94CFAA68B5A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE3B35907A3364FEC9FA0FFD9B8CAB:8E88DCF890783362FA00F94CFAA68B5A" box="[1118,1317,1779,1805]" country="Colombia" county="Lomas La Querella" latitude="10.57234" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-75.3354" municipality="Villa de Leyva" name="Fort Lauderdale" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" stateProvince="Sucre">Fort Lauderdale</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26A2EFF590783362FB6CF94CFA0C8B5A" box="[1330,1423,1779,1805]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Florida</collectorName>
|
||
). Additional
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EC348190783362FF7AF8A6FE188B64" box="[292,411,1817,1843]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
will be deposited in the
|
||
<location id="8E88DCF890783362FC8AF8A6FBF38B64" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE3B35907A3364FEC9FA0FFD9B8CAB:8E88DCF890783362FC8AF8A6FBF38B64" box="[724,1136,1817,1843]" country="Colombia" county="Lomas La Querella" latitude="10.57234" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-75.3354" municipality="Villa de Leyva" name="Florida Collection of Arthropods" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" stateProvince="Sucre">Florida Collection of Arthropods</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<location id="8E88DCF890783362FADDF8A6FEA08B0F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE3B35907A3364FEC9FA0FFD9B8CAB:8E88DCF890783362FADDF8A6FEA08B0F" country="Colombia" county="Lomas La Querella" latitude="10.57234" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-75.3354" municipality="Villa de Leyva" name="Florida Department of Agriculture" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" stateProvince="Sucre">Florida Department of Agriculture</location>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="26A2EFF590783362FF3EF881FDD38B0F" box="[352,592,1854,1880]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Consumer Services</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E88DCF890783362FC03F881FC238B0F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE3B35907A3364FEC9FA0FFD9B8CAB:8E88DCF890783362FC03F881FC238B0F" box="[605,928,1854,1880]" country="Colombia" county="Lomas La Querella" latitude="10.57234" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-75.3354" municipality="Villa de Leyva" name="Division of Plant Industry" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" stateProvince="Sucre">Division of Plant Industry</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26A2EFF590783362FDF3F881FBB88B0F" box="[941,1083,1854,1880]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Gainesville</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26A2EFF590783362FA16F881FB268B0F" box="[1096,1189,1854,1880]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Florida</collectorName>
|
||
), and the
|
||
<collectorName id="26A2EFF590783362FB43F881FE968B2A" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Arthropod Collection</collectorName>
|
||
of the
|
||
<collectorName id="26A2EFF590783362FF32F8DCFC908B2A" box="[364,787,1891,1917]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Instituto Alexander von Humboldt</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8C105990783362FD7EF8DCFC558B2A" box="[800,982,1891,1917]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Villa de Leyva</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26A2EFF590783362FDBAF8DCFBB78B2A" box="[996,1076,1891,1917]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Boyac</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F340CAB390783362FA1FF8DCFB3F8B2A" box="[1089,1212,1891,1917]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26A2EFF590783362FA96F8DCFB6D8B2A" box="[1224,1262,1891,1917]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">All</collectorName>
|
||
samples of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57F1A090783362FBDCF8DCFE9A8BF5" authorityName="Scheffrahn" authorityYear="2010" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Rhynchotermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulbinasus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923563190783362FBDCF8DCFE9A8BF5" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">R. bulbinasus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were collected at
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF27C690783362FFA7F836FDE08BF4" box="[505,611,1929,1955]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.06" metricValueMax="4.08" metricValueMin="0.04" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="206.0" valueMax="408.0" valueMin="4.0">
|
||
<elevation id="007A6D1090783362FFA7F836FDE08BF4" box="[505,611,1929,1955]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.06" metricValueMax="4.08" metricValueMin="0.04" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="206.0" valueMax="408.0" valueMin="4.0">4–408 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
elevation from the following 11 localities in
|
||
<collectorName id="26A2EFF590783362FAD3F836FA188BF4" box="[1165,1435,1929,1955]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Colombia’s Caribbean</collectorName>
|
||
lowlands (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C96A690783362FF4BF811FEDE8B9F" box="[277,349,1966,1992]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,255,1317,1341]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,198,1293]" captionTargetId="figure-225@1.[188,1399,197,1293]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Known distribution of Rhynchotermes bulbinasus, sp. nov. Red circles are survey sites where R. bulbinasus was collected. Blue circles represent survey sites were termites were collected but where R. bulbinasus was not found." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5308283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5308283/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
<collectingCounty id="6289F2AF90783362FF27F811FDE18B9F" box="[377,610,1966,1992]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Lomas La Querella</collectingCounty>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE63ECE490783362FC2DF811FD598B9F" box="[627,730,1966,1992]" degrees="9.31634" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" precision="1" value="9.31634">9.31634</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE63ECE490783362FCB9F811FCEB8B9F" box="[743,872,1966,1992]" degrees="74.90079" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" precision="1" value="-74.90079">-74.90079</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 2
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF1225890783362FDD5F811FC748B9F" box="[907,1015,1966,1992]" collectionCode="JUNE" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">JUNE09</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="26A2EFF590783362FA5AF811FB098B9F" box="[1028,1162,1966,1992]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Buenavista</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE63ECE490783362FAC5F811FA818B9F" box="[1179,1282,1966,1992]" degrees="9.31454" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" precision="1" value="9.31454">9.31454</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE63ECE490783362FB51F811FA0C8B9F" box="[1295,1423,1966,1992]" degrees="75.02857" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" precision="1" value="-75.02857">-75.02857</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 2
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF1225890783362FEFBF86CFE938BBA" box="[165,272,2003,2029]" collectionCode="JUNE" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">JUNE09</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="26A2EFF590783362FF42F86CFE088BBA" box="[284,395,2003,2029]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Sincelejo</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE63ECE490783362FFC5F86CFD828BBA" box="[411,513,2003,2029]" degrees="9.37762" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" precision="1" value="9.37762">9.37762</geoCoordinate>
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,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE63ECE490783362FC50F86CFD0F8BBA" box="[526,652,2003,2029]" degrees="75.43309" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" precision="1" value="-75.43309">-75.43309</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 2
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF1225890783362FCF1F86CFC998BBA" box="[687,794,2003,2029]" collectionCode="JUNE" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">JUNE09</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="26A2EFF590783362FD78F86CFC0F8BBA" box="[806,908,2003,2029]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Coveñas</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE63ECE490783362FDC3F86CFB818BBA" box="[925,1026,2003,2029]" degrees="9.45451" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" precision="1" value="9.45451">9.45451</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE63ECE490783362FA51F86CFB0E8BBA" box="[1039,1165,2003,2029]" degrees="75.61294" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" precision="1" value="-75.61294">-75.61294</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 2
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF1225890783362FAEEF86CFA988BBA" box="[1200,1307,2003,2029]" collectionCode="JUNE" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">JUNE09</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="26A2EFF590783362FB76F86CFA1F8BBA" box="[1320,1436,2003,2029]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">E. Arjona</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE63ECE4907F3365FEC1FF27FE928CE5" box="[159,273,152,178]" degrees="10.09793" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" precision="1" value="10.09793">10.09793</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE63ECE4907F3365FF40FF27FE1B8CE5" box="[286,408,152,178]" degrees="75.15652" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" precision="1" value="-75.15652">-75.15652</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) 3
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF12258907F3365FFEAFF27FD9C8CE5" box="[436,543,152,178]" collectionCode="JUNE" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">JUNE09</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="26A2EFF5907F3365FC75FF27FD7B8CE5" box="[555,760,152,178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">N.W. San Jacinto</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE63ECE4907F3365FD56FF27FCEF8CE5" box="[776,876,152,178]" degrees="9.86610" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" precision="1" value="9.8661">9.86610</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE63ECE4907F3365FD26FF27FC718CE5" box="[888,1010,152,178]" degrees="75.15836" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" precision="1" value="-75.15836">-75.15836</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) 3
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF12258907F3365FA50FF27FBFA8CE5" box="[1038,1145,152,178]" collectionCode="JUNE" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">JUNE09</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="26A2EFF5907F3365FAD8FF27FAD18CE5" box="[1158,1362,152,178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">N.W. San Jacinto</collectorName>
|
||
loc. 2 (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE63ECE4907F3365FEC1FF02FE858C80" box="[159,262,189,215]" degrees="9.85384" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" precision="1" value="9.85384">9.85384</geoCoordinate>
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,
|
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<geoCoordinate id="EE63ECE4907F3365FF4DFF02FE138C80" box="[275,400,189,215]" degrees="75.15276" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" precision="1" value="-75.15276">-75.15276</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) 3
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF12258907F3365FFF3FF02FD998C80" box="[429,538,189,215]" collectionCode="JUNE" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">JUNE09</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="26A2EFF5907F3365FC79FF02FD0A8C80" box="[551,649,189,215]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Cienega</collectorName>
|
||
e
|
||
<collectorName id="26A2EFF5907F3365FCF6FF02FD658C80" box="[680,742,189,215]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Ortiz</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE63ECE4907F3365FCA9FF02FCEE8C80" box="[759,877,189,215]" degrees="10.15187" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" precision="1" value="10.15187">10.15187</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE63ECE4907F3365FD24FF02FC748C80" box="[890,1015,189,215]" degrees="75.04366" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" precision="1" value="-75.04366">-75.04366</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) 3
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF12258907F3365FA4AFF02FB028C80" box="[1044,1153,189,215]" collectionCode="JUNE" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">JUNE09</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="26A2EFF5907F3365FAD1FF02FB7D8C80" box="[1167,1278,189,215]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Salamina</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE63ECE4907F3365FB51FF02FA078C80" box="[1295,1412,189,215]" degrees="10.48548" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" precision="1" value="10.48548">10.48548</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE63ECE4907F3365FBCCFF02FE8F8CAB" degrees="74.84011" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" precision="1" value="-74.84011">- 74.84011</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) 3
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF12258907F3365FF74FF5DFE198CAB" box="[298,410,226,252]" collectionCode="JUNE" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">JUNE09</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="26A2EFF5907F3365FFF6FF5DFDC38CAB" box="[424,576,226,252]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Sabanalurga</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE63ECE4907F3365FC0DFF5DFD4F8CAB" box="[595,716,226,252]" degrees="10.64813" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" precision="1" value="10.64813">10.64813</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE63ECE4907F3365FC84FF5DFCD98CAB" box="[730,858,226,252]" degrees="74.91391" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" precision="1" value="-74.91391">-74.91391</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) 4
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF12258907F3365FD25FF5DFC6A8CAB" box="[891,1001,226,252]" collectionCode="JUNE" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">JUNE09</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="26A2EFF5907F3365FDA8FF5DFBF98CAB" box="[1014,1146,226,252]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Clemencia</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE63ECE4907F3365FAD2FF5DFA868CAB" box="[1164,1285,226,252]" degrees="10.57234" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" precision="1" value="10.57234">10.57234</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE63ECE4907F3365FB4DFF5DFA108CAB" box="[1299,1427,226,252]" degrees="75.33540" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" precision="1" value="-75.3354">-75.33540</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) 4
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF12258907F3365FEFBFEB7FE8D8D75" box="[165,270,264,290]" collectionCode="JUNE" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">JUNE09</specimenCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26A2EFF5907F3365FF47FEB7FEBD8D75" box="[281,318,264,290]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">All</collectorName>
|
||
samples collected by the author and those mentioned in the acknowledgments.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF28DAAB907F3365FEC9FC4DFABD887D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5308293" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5308293" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5308293/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" startId="4.[151,257,1010,1034]" targetBox="[343,1243,343,989]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE88A23907F3365FEC9FC4DFABD887D" blockId="4.[151,1436,1010,1066]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9235631907F3365FEC9FC4DFE9D885D" bold="true" box="[151,286,1010,1034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9235631907F3365FF79FC4CFEED885D" box="[295,366,1011,1034]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">In situ</emphasis>
|
||
image of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57F1A0907F3365FFBFFC4CFDFA885D" authority="Scheffrahn, 2010" authorityName="Scheffrahn" authorityYear="2010" box="[481,633,1011,1034]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Rhynchotermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulbinasus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9235631907F3365FFBFFC4CFDFA885D" box="[481,633,1011,1034]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">R. bulbinasus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9235631907F3365FCD7FC4DFD60885D" bold="true" box="[649,739,1010,1034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A210EB4A907F3365FCD7FC4DFD60885D" box="[649,739,1010,1034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
soldiers and workers on open soil surface about 4 hours after sunrise. Notice high stance and position of stationary soldiers as they guard moving workers in the background.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34DD9A8907F3365FE98FBE7FEDA88C0" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE88A23907F3365FE98FBE7FEDA88C0" blockId="4.[151,1436,1112,1997]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9235631907F3365FE98FBE7FED08825" bold="true" box="[198,339,1112,1138]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is named for the striking shape of the soldiers’ nasus (further complemented by its bicoloration).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34DD9A8907F3364FE98FB1DFD9B8CAB" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE88A23907F3365FE98FB1DFCC989CA" blockId="4.[151,1436,1112,1997]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9235631907F3365FE98FB1DFEA988EB" bold="true" box="[198,298,1186,1212]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
All colony samples of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57F1A0907F3365FC3AFB1CFC8F88EB" authorityName="Scheffrahn" authorityYear="2010" box="[612,780,1187,1212]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Rhynchotermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulbinasus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9235631907F3365FC3AFB1CFC8F88EB" box="[612,780,1187,1212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">R. bulbinasus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were collected in cattle pastures, pasture boundary vegetation, and marginal disturbed grazed vegetation adjacent to pastures. These pasturelands are dominated by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57F1A0907F3365FEE1FB51FD948950" authority="Wasmann" authorityName="Wasmann" authorityYear="1902" box="[191,535,1261,1287]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Amitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foreli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9235631907F3365FEE1FB51FE178950" box="[191,404,1262,1287]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Amitermes foreli</emphasis>
|
||
Wasmann
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which builds conical earthen mounds. Some species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9235631907F3365FAB7FB51FEE0897B" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57F1A0907F3365FAB7FB51FA148950" box="[1257,1431,1262,1287]" class="Insecta" family="Rhinotermitidae" genus="Heterotermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Heterotermes</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57F1A0907F3365FEC9FAACFEE0897B" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1901" box="[151,355,1299,1324]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Microcerotermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Microcerotermes</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57F1A0907F3365FFF9FAACFDC5897B" box="[423,582,1299,1324]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Nasutitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9235631907F3365FFF9FAACFDC5897B" box="[423,582,1299,1324]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Nasutitermes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, common in disturbed habitats, are also sympatric with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57F1A0907F3365FAAEFAACFA17897B" authorityName="Scheffrahn" authorityYear="2010" box="[1264,1428,1299,1324]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Rhynchotermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulbinasus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9235631907F3365FAAEFAACFA17897B" box="[1264,1428,1299,1324]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">R. bulbinasus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The abundance of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57F1A0907F3365FF2DFA86FD908905" authorityName="Scheffrahn" authorityYear="2010" box="[371,531,1337,1362]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Rhynchotermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulbinasus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9235631907F3365FF2DFA86FD908905" box="[371,531,1337,1362]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">R. bulbinasus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in pasturelands suggests that populations of this species are well suited, and may even be flourishing in cleared and cattle-grazed areas. This may be the first new termite species immediately field-confirmed by digital macrophotography.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE88A23907F3365FE98FA17FEFB8B9A" blockId="4.[151,1436,1112,1997]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
|
||
Foraging groups of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57F1A0907F3365FFE9FA16FDDA8995" authorityName="Scheffrahn" authorityYear="2010" box="[439,601,1449,1474]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Rhynchotermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulbinasus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9235631907F3365FFE9FA16FDDA8995" box="[439,601,1449,1474]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">R. bulbinasus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were collected under aged cow dung on which they were feeding or under stones that covered underground galleries. In one case,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57F1A0907F3365FDD5FA71FBB289B0" authorityName="Scheffrahn" authorityYear="2010" box="[907,1073,1486,1511]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Rhynchotermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulbinasus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9235631907F3365FDD5FA71FBB289B0" box="[907,1073,1486,1511]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">R. bulbinasus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was inhabiting an abandoned mound of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57F1A0907F3365FF51FA4CFEED8A5B" authorityName="Wasmann" authorityYear="1902" box="[271,366,1523,1548]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Amitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foreli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9235631907F3365FF51FA4CFEED8A5B" box="[271,366,1523,1548]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">A. foreli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This habit of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57F1A0907F3365FC44FA4CFD4D8A5B" authorityName="Holmgren" authorityYear="1912" box="[538,718,1523,1548]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Rhynchotermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9235631907F3365FC44FA4CFD4D8A5B" box="[538,718,1523,1548]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Rhynchotermes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
colonizing the nest of another termite species was also noted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC6F7D2907F3365FEE2F9A7FEFC8A65" author="Cancello, E. M." box="[188,383,1560,1586]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" pagination="147 - 159" refId="ref2632" refString="Cancello, E. M. (1997) Rhynchotermes guarany, new species and Rhynchotermes piauy, new species (Isoptera: Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae) from Brazil. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 40, 147 - 159." type="journal article" year="1997">Cancello (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Where leaf litter was present, diurnal open foraging was observed. One large column of foragers was seen emerging from a hole on the soil surface that was covered with an arcade about 1.5-cm wide and 15-cm long. The foraging workers crawled into the open air at the end of the arcade to gather pieces of litter and then return into the arcade entrace. Stationary soldiers guarded the trail of workers. Soldiers were positioned in an exceptionally tall stance with mandibles completely opened (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C96A6907F3365FA39F912FB368A90" box="[1127,1205,1709,1735]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="4.[151,257,1010,1034]" captionTargetBox="[343,1243,343,989]" captionTargetId="figure-457@4.[343,1243,343,989]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 7. In situ image of R. bulbinasus, sp. nov. soldiers and workers on open soil surface about 4 hours after sunrise. Notice high stance and position of stationary soldiers as they guard moving workers in the background." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5308293" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5308293/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). When disturbed, soldiers emitted a very viscous and sticky defensive secretion which covered the bulbous portion of the nasus. When soldiers were aspirated and transferred to a Petri dish for photography, debris was observed adhering to their nasi. Unlike that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57F1A0907F3365FF9DF8A1FDDC8B60" box="[451,607,1822,1847]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Nasutitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9235631907F3365FF9DF8A1FDDC8B60" box="[451,607,1822,1847]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Nasutitermes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57F1A0907F3365FCC5F8A1FCBE8B60" authorityName="Scheffrahn" authorityYear="2010" box="[667,829,1822,1847]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Rhynchotermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulbinasus">
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<emphasis id="B9235631907F3365FCC5F8A1FCBE8B60" box="[667,829,1822,1847]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">R. bulbinasus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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secretion does not eject from the nasus nor does it dissolve in the preserving ethanol. The disturbance and comingling caused by termite collection and preservation resulted in soldiers biting workers, each other, and species collected together (usually soldierless termites). The sharp mandibles easily penetrated head capsules of nest mates and heterospecifics as seen in preserved material.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE88A23907E3364FE98FF27FD9B8CAB" blockId="5.[151,1436,152,252]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">The discovery of this unusually striking, yet rather common new termite species is further evidence that undiscovered macrobiodiversity not only resides in remote, pristine habitats, but may be as close as a cow pasture on the side of a highway.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |