408 lines
52 KiB
XML
408 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document id="D7454DAF7541E9FABA979AC0CB234D38" ID-CLB-Dataset="56269" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5318.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="85d55564-632a-4561-8028-a7a8cf3f5de7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8162357" ID-ZooBank="88714F9C-0EE5-4295-9988-3CEEF242489D" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1689748270342" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Turner, Thomas L. & Lonhart, Steve I." docDate="2023" docId="464C87844266FFCEFF1DFD63FA85FE5D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5318.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5318 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5318.2.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Xestospongia ursa Turner & Lonhart 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="177" masterDocId="BA75FFFC427EFFD4FF8AFFECFFD1FD64" masterDocTitle="The Sponges of the Carmel Pinnacles Marine Protected Area" masterLastPageNumber="194" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="175" updateTime="1699543835761" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
|
||
<mods:mods id="6B7985B3B5DCE57B9F734A4C30E851AB" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="039F1D409B137DBCAA02EAB266A9FE70">
|
||
<mods:title id="2859B6EE1E55873446BA37655E84B2CA">The Sponges of the Carmel Pinnacles Marine Protected Area</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="308A0AD8CC69E02FDB6CF5E9BC58262F" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="990E71CDBD92CF9B303E589DD2AAC963">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="25550EF843B66D846CA68AEA7EF399A4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="E0CC6D37B54AB104ED4CC9B9DEE2270F">Turner, Thomas L.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="B9CD86A1B0794CD635AF8E6421441FDD">Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara.</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="0529A620526BBEF8FAB81FA3998961AC" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="5772F43CC6B35AFE058A11286917E8FE">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="C7A5C96B433FA2057850D7EA85D1F68C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="DCE51183FD50EE76D0C29E55A19C692C">Lonhart, Steve I.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1F472528E45854F6DEB0F0DB7ABD9A59" type="ORCID">0000-0002-5559-792X</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="82017F4DF7CD9F37C6CEB09E694D02A9">Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, National Ocean Service, NOAA, Santa Cruz, California, USA. steve. lonhart @ noaa. gov; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5559 - 792 X</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A3689E24DD3C708F147DF72F92338AB1" type="email">steve.lonhart@noaa.gov</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="2D953020F433F784CF623B9C0457B42B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="789F66CA85DA0AAD83FD164728FFB66C" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="EDC0EAA4D64132A73096763C5C87405F">
|
||
<mods:title id="90D27459CDBFEDE51220F80538E8D1A5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="83F780E0A8EC6EAF5F02533717BD83A0">
|
||
<mods:date id="4F67EF709E122E9317DC812D95BFAA65">2023</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="35A59950AF19F61138AD54AB6DDFECEF" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="E2A01CEFEF52625ABEFEB769D67B5313">2023-07-19</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="527C26CE5C9D864D2BEFA7BAA7574F0A" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="E3137C240BD7FF2363525DCFF352F78B">5318</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="215CEC4CD082B8760B2AB5486D0B7ECB" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="0A4D1759B81BA67ED9371510E1DA71F0">2</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="24EBA96CA990F0C08E7194C752E573AE" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="119643A839C3628BBA910C26B82BF432">151</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="E8C8CCDB4E1979F6C40D0E1B45D1DF8F">194</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="09D74D30766F19461B268EA420075B45">
|
||
<mods:url id="C867C993000AB1E6F0EB178DC64E72A1">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5318.2.1</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="BDA8CC92A34ABB544557FD992306010D">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="608C6BE1563E6BC3A1E6FCD51876408D" type="CLB-Dataset">56269</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="EE80A2CD3E63F33A6044FFFC98C521FD" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5318.2.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="9C70CB4AF41CED7CEEFF9C3AD292FBD3" type="GBIF-Dataset">85d55564-632a-4561-8028-a7a8cf3f5de7</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="7E07D8654AC75A0D2051F7BBC01C2B70" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="8F84B63E986A2D04317266C57331FC54" type="Zenodo-Dep">8162357</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="D490DCE3085E7698E30C0855CC5287AC" type="ZooBank">88714F9C-0EE5-4295-9988-3CEEF242489D</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="464C87844266FFCEFF1DFD63FA85FE5D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8162429" ID-GBIF-Taxon="212416119" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8162429" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:464C87844266FFCEFF1DFD63FA85FE5D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/464C87844266FFCEFF1DFD63FA85FE5D" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="177" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">
|
||
<subSubSection id="86FF65194266FFCCFF1DFD63FE0AFFCD" box="[151,475,655,681]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="CE5A36924266FFCCFF1DFD63FE0AFFCD" blockId="24.[151,475,655,717]" box="[151,475,655,681]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">
|
||
<heading id="951281FE4266FFCCFF1DFD63FE0AFFCD" bold="true" box="[151,475,655,681]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC91EA804266FFCCFF1DFD63FE0AFFCD" bold="true" box="[151,475,655,681]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114266FFCCFF1DFD63FEA7FFCD" ID-CoL="52285e53-fd00-4181-8c88-42a41074d8b7" authority="Turner & Lonhart, 2023" authorityName="Turner & Lonhart" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,374,655,681]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ursa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC91EA804266FFCCFF1DFD63FEA7FFCD" bold="true" box="[151,374,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Xestospongia ursa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E7A257FB4266FFCCFEF7FD63FE0AFFCD" box="[381,475,655,681]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="86FF65194266FFCCFF1DFD5FFEE9FFA9" box="[151,312,690,717]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="CE5A36924266FFCCFF1DFD5FFEE9FFA9" blockId="24.[151,475,655,717]" box="[151,312,690,717]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">
|
||
<figureCitation id="56DE2A174266FFCCFF1DFD5FFEC1FFA9" box="[151,272,690,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1778,1802]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,1069,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-268@24.[151,1436,1065,1754]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 15. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of the 28S locus for the Haplosclerida. Colors indicate well-supported clades, with letter names following Redmond et al. (2013). Genbank accession numbers are shown; bold indicates new sequences. Node confidence is based on bootstrapping. Scale bar indicates substitutions per site. Colors indicate clades containing new taxa, as referenced in the text." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8162405" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8162405/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Figures 15</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="56DE2A174266FFCCFE96FD5FFEE9FFA9" box="[284,312,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1169,1193]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1145]" captionTargetId="figure-22@25.[151,1436,181,1145]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 16. Xestospongia ursa. Field photos of holotype (A) and SBMNH700926 (B). C, F: Thick and thin oxeas from IZC00048472. D: Cross-section showing choanosomal skeleton and tangential section showing surface skeleton, both from holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8162407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8162407/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">16</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="86FF65194266FFCCFF1DFD16FEEAFE89" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="CE5A36924266FFCCFF1DFD16FEEAFE89" blockId="24.[151,1436,762,1041]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC91EA804266FFCCFF1DFD16FE50FE70" bold="true" box="[151,385,762,788]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="7E8D3CCF4266FFCCFE02FD17FE91FE5D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4161966324" collectionCode="CASIZ, IZC, SBMNH" county="Fire Rock" elevation="17" latitude="36.52172" location="Carmel" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-121.93894" municipality="Pescadero Point" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" specimenCode="CASIZ236663, IZC00048474, IZC00048472, SBMNH700926, IZC00048473, SBMNH700921, CASIZ190441, CASIZ190442" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="115E88304266FFCCFE02FD17FE24FE71" box="[392,501,763,789]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="9E439EE94266FFCCFE75FD17FD75FE71" box="[511,676,763,789]" collectionCode="CASIZ" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">CASIZ236663</specimenCode>
|
||
/
|
||
<specimenCode id="9E439EE94266FFCCFD26FD17FC9DFE71" box="[684,844,763,789]" collectionCode="IZC" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">IZC00048474</specimenCode>
|
||
, Inner Carmel Pinnacle, (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ABD150554266FFCCFBE3FD16FB09FE71" box="[1129,1240,762,789]" degrees="36.55852" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" precision="1" value="36.55852">36.55852</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ABD150554266FFCCFB56FD16FA8EFE71" box="[1244,1375,762,789]" degrees="121.96820" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" precision="1" value="-121.9682">-121.96820</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="091D9B774266FFCCFAF8FD17FF04FE5D" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" unit="m" value="17.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="10.0">
|
||
<elevation id="45C8D1A14266FFCCFAF8FD17FF04FE5D" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" unit="m" value="17.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="10.0">10– 24 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, 9/22/21;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="7E8D3CCF4266FFCCFEC0FCF3FF24FE39" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4161966341" collectionCode="CASIZ, IZC, SBMNH" county="Fire Rock" elevation="17" latitude="36.52172" location="Carmel" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-121.93894" municipality="Pescadero Point" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" specimenCode="CASIZ236663, IZC00048474, IZC00048472, SBMNH700926, IZC00048473, SBMNH700921, CASIZ190441, CASIZ190442" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="115E88304266FFCCFEC0FCF3FE6BFE5D" box="[330,442,799,825]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="9E439EE94266FFCCFE4DFCF3FDB6FE5D" box="[455,615,799,825]" collectionCode="IZC" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">IZC00048472</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="273B4E1E4266FFCCFDFFFCF3FD3BFE5D" box="[629,746,799,825]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Fire Rock</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="2E3EACE84266FFCCFD7DFCF3FC60FE5D" box="[759,945,799,825]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Pescadero Point</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="CB3A60494266FFCCFC34FCF3FBC2FE5D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:464C87844266FFCEFF1DFD63FA85FE5D:CB3A60494266FFCCFC34FCF3FBC2FE5D" box="[958,1043,799,825]" county="Fire Rock" latitude="36.52172" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-121.93894" municipality="Pescadero Point" name="Carmel" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" stateProvince="California">Carmel</location>
|
||
, (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ABD150554266FFCCFBA3FCF2FB47FE5D" box="[1065,1174,798,825]" degrees="36.55898" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" precision="1" value="36.55898">36.55898</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ABD150554266FFCCFB2EFCF2FACBFE5D" box="[1188,1306,798,825]" degrees="121.9511" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" precision="5" value="-121.9511">-121.9511</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="091D9B774266FFCCFABAFCF3FA46FE5D" box="[1328,1431,799,825]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" unit="m" value="16.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="10.0">
|
||
<elevation id="45C8D1A14266FFCCFABAFCF3FA46FE5D" box="[1328,1431,799,825]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" unit="m" value="16.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="10.0">10–22 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, 8/10/21;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="7E8D3CCF4266FFCCFF77FCAFFB20FE39" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4161966328" box="[253,1265,834,861]" collectionCode="CASIZ, IZC, SBMNH" county="Fire Rock" elevation="17" latitude="36.52172" location="Carmel" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-121.93894" municipality="Pescadero Point" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" specimenCode="CASIZ236663, IZC00048474, IZC00048472, SBMNH700926, IZC00048473, SBMNH700921, CASIZ190441, CASIZ190442" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="9E439EE94266FFCCFF77FCAFFE66FE39" box="[253,439,835,861]" collectionCode="SBMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34834" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34834" name="Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" type="Museum">SBMNH700926</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="CB3A60494266FFCCFE49FCAFFDDBFE39" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:464C87844266FFCEFF1DFD63FA85FE5D:CB3A60494266FFCCFE49FCAFFDDBFE39" box="[451,522,835,861]" county="Fire Rock" latitude="36.52172" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-121.93894" municipality="Pescadero Point" name="Tower" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" stateProvince="California">Tower</location>
|
||
house arches,
|
||
<location id="CB3A60494266FFCCFD38FCAFFCD6FE39" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:464C87844266FFCEFF1DFD63FA85FE5D:CB3A60494266FFCCFD38FCAFFCD6FE39" box="[690,775,835,861]" county="Fire Rock" latitude="36.52172" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-121.93894" municipality="Pescadero Point" name="Carmel" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" stateProvince="California">Carmel</location>
|
||
, (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ABD150554266FFCCFC91FCAEFC59FE39" box="[795,904,834,861]" degrees="36.56187" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" precision="1" value="36.56187">36.56187</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ABD150554266FFCCFC1FFCAEFBC8FE39" box="[917,1049,834,861]" degrees="121.95950" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" precision="1" value="-121.9595">-121.95950</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="091D9B774266FFCCFBA4FCAFFB57FE39" box="[1070,1158,835,861]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="9.0">
|
||
<elevation id="45C8D1A14266FFCCFBA4FCAFFB57FE39" box="[1070,1158,835,861]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="9.0">9–21 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, 9/21/21;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="7E8D3CCF4266FFCCFB72FCAFFBF4FEE5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4161966313" collectionCode="CASIZ, IZC, SBMNH" county="Fire Rock" elevation="17" latitude="36.52172" location="Carmel" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-121.93894" municipality="Pescadero Point" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" specimenCode="CASIZ236663, IZC00048474, IZC00048472, SBMNH700926, IZC00048473, SBMNH700921, CASIZ190441, CASIZ190442" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="9E439EE94266FFCCFB72FCAFFA49FE39" box="[1272,1432,835,861]" collectionCode="IZC" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">IZC00048473</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="CB3A60494266FFCCFF1DFC8BFEEFFEE5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:464C87844266FFCEFF1DFD63FA85FE5D:CB3A60494266FFCCFF1DFC8BFEEFFEE5" box="[151,318,871,897]" county="Fire Rock" latitude="36.52172" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-121.93894" municipality="Pescadero Point" name="Whaler's Cove" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" stateProvince="California">Whaler's Cove</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="CB3A60494266FFCCFEC0FC8BFE04FEE5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:464C87844266FFCEFF1DFD63FA85FE5D:CB3A60494266FFCCFEC0FC8BFE04FEE5" box="[330,469,871,897]" county="Fire Rock" latitude="36.52172" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-121.93894" municipality="Pescadero Point" name="Point Lobos" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" stateProvince="California">Point Lobos</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="CB3A60494266FFCCFE6AFC8BFDE4FEE5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:464C87844266FFCEFF1DFD63FA85FE5D:CB3A60494266FFCCFE6AFC8BFDE4FEE5" box="[480,565,871,897]" county="Fire Rock" latitude="36.52172" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-121.93894" municipality="Pescadero Point" name="Carmel" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" stateProvince="California">Carmel</location>
|
||
, (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ABD150554266FFCCFDC2FC8AFD67FEE5" box="[584,694,870,897]" degrees="36.52172" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" precision="1" value="36.52172">36.52172</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ABD150554266FFCCFD4AFC8BFC94FEE5" box="[704,837,871,897]" degrees="121.93894" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" precision="1" value="-121.93894">-121.93894</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="091D9B774266FFCCFCD2FC8AFC7EFEE5" box="[856,943,870,897]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" unit="m" value="10.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="6.0">
|
||
<elevation id="45C8D1A14266FFCCFCD2FC8AFC7EFEE5" box="[856,943,870,897]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" unit="m" value="10.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="6.0">6–15 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, 11/23/19;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="7E8D3CCF4266FFCCFBA6FC8BFCA8FEC1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4161966320" collectionCode="CASIZ, IZC, SBMNH" county="Fire Rock" elevation="17" latitude="36.52172" location="Carmel" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-121.93894" municipality="Pescadero Point" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" specimenCode="CASIZ236663, IZC00048474, IZC00048472, SBMNH700926, IZC00048473, SBMNH700921, CASIZ190441, CASIZ190442" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="9E439EE94266FFCCFBA6FC8BFB37FEE5" box="[1068,1254,871,897]" collectionCode="SBMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34834" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34834" name="Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" type="Museum">SBMNH700921</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="CB3A60494266FFCCFB7BFC8BFA49FEE5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:464C87844266FFCEFF1DFD63FA85FE5D:CB3A60494266FFCCFB7BFC8BFA49FEE5" box="[1265,1432,871,897]" county="Fire Rock" latitude="36.52172" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-121.93894" municipality="Pescadero Point" name="Whaler's Cove" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" stateProvince="California">Whaler's Cove</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="CB3A60494266FFCCFF1DFC67FEF2FEC1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:464C87844266FFCEFF1DFD63FA85FE5D:CB3A60494266FFCCFF1DFC67FEF2FEC1" box="[151,291,907,933]" county="Fire Rock" latitude="36.52172" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-121.93894" municipality="Pescadero Point" name="Point Lobos" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" stateProvince="California">Point Lobos</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="CB3A60494266FFCCFEA5FC67FE55FEC1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:464C87844266FFCEFF1DFD63FA85FE5D:CB3A60494266FFCCFEA5FC67FE55FEC1" box="[303,388,907,933]" county="Fire Rock" latitude="36.52172" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-121.93894" municipality="Pescadero Point" name="Carmel" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" stateProvince="California">Carmel</location>
|
||
, (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ABD150554266FFCCFE12FC66FDD7FEC1" box="[408,518,906,933]" degrees="36.52172" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" precision="1" value="36.52172">36.52172</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ABD150554266FFCCFD98FC67FD46FEC1" box="[530,663,907,933]" degrees="121.93894" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" precision="1" value="-121.93894">-121.93894</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="091D9B774266FFCCFD21FC66FCD2FEC1" box="[683,771,906,933]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" unit="m" value="10.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="6.0">
|
||
<elevation id="45C8D1A14266FFCCFD21FC66FCD2FEC1" box="[683,771,906,933]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" unit="m" value="10.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="6.0">6–15 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, 11/23/19.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<location id="CB3A60494266FFCCFC0BFC67FBC3FEC1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:464C87844266FFCEFF1DFD63FA85FE5D:CB3A60494266FFCCFC0BFC67FBC3FEC1" box="[897,1042,907,933]" county="Fire Rock" latitude="36.52172" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-121.93894" municipality="Pescadero Point" name="Comparative" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" stateProvince="California">Comparative</location>
|
||
material:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114266FFCCFB0FFC67FE5AFEAD" authority="(de Laubenfels 1932)" baseAuthorityName="de Laubenfels" baseAuthorityYear="1932" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="diprosopia">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC91EA804266FFCCFB0FFC67FA4DFEC1" box="[1157,1436,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Xestospongia diprosopia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AA744B634266FFCCFF15FC43FE52FEAD" author="de Laubenfels, M. W." box="[159,387,943,969]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 140" refId="ref25222" refString="de Laubenfels, M. W. (1932) The marine and fresh-water sponges of California. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 81, 1 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.81 - 2927.1" type="journal article" year="1932">de Laubenfels 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="9E439EE94266FFCCFE12FC43FDECFEAD" box="[408,573,943,969]" collectionCode="CASIZ" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">CASIZ190441</specimenCode>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCode id="9E439EE94266FFCCFDFFFC43FCCCFEAD" box="[629,797,943,969]" collectionCode="CASIZ" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">CASIZ190442</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="CB3A60494266FFCCFCA3FC43FC36FEAD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:464C87844266FFCEFF1DFD63FA85FE5D:CB3A60494266FFCCFCA3FC43FC36FEAD" box="[809,999,943,969]" county="Fire Rock" latitude="36.52172" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-121.93894" municipality="Pescadero Point" name="Rittenburg Bank" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" stateProvince="California">Rittenburg Bank</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="CB3A60494266FFCCFC79FC43FB7BFEAD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:464C87844266FFCEFF1DFD63FA85FE5D:CB3A60494266FFCCFC79FC43FB7BFEAD" box="[1011,1194,943,969]" county="Fire Rock" latitude="36.52172" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-121.93894" municipality="Pescadero Point" name="Farallon Islands" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" stateProvince="California">Farallon Islands</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="CB3A60494266FFCCFB3DFC43FACDFEAD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:464C87844266FFCEFF1DFD63FA85FE5D:CB3A60494266FFCCFB3DFC43FACDFEAD" box="[1207,1308,943,969]" county="Fire Rock" latitude="36.52172" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-121.93894" municipality="Pescadero Point" name="Northern" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" stateProvince="California">Northern</location>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0C21F8704266FFCCFAAEFC43FA49FEAD" box="[1316,1432,943,969]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="091D9B774266FFCCFF1DFC3EFF03FE89" box="[151,210,978,1005]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" unit="m" value="85.0">
|
||
<elevation id="45C8D1A14266FFCCFF1DFC3EFF03FE89" box="[151,210,978,1005]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" unit="m" value="85.0">85 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, 10/9/12.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="86FF65194266FFCDFF4DFC1BFB13FB8E" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="176" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="CE5A36924266FFCCFF4DFC1BFB71F975" blockId="24.[151,1436,762,1041]" box="[199,1184,1015,1041]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC91EA804266FFCCFF4DFC1BFE9FF975" bold="true" box="[199,334,1015,1041]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Bright white and furry-looking, this sponge is named after
|
||
<emphasis id="FC91EA804266FFCCFC62FC1BFB48F974" box="[1000,1177,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Ursa maritimus</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="9A9A661A4266FFCCFF1DF91EFEA4FA11" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8162405" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8162405" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8162405/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" startId="24.[151,250,1778,1802]" targetBox="[151,1433,1069,1750]" targetPageId="24" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="CE5A36924266FFCCFF1DF91EFEA4FA11" blockId="24.[151,1436,1778,1910]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC91EA804266FFCCFF1DF91EFECAFA6E" bold="true" box="[151,283,1778,1802]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">FIGURE 15</emphasis>
|
||
. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of the
|
||
<emphasis id="FC91EA804266FFCCFD4AF91EFD36FA6E" box="[704,743,1778,1802]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">28S</emphasis>
|
||
locus for the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114266FFCCFCF2F91EFBD9FA6E" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1928" box="[888,1032,1778,1802]" class="Demospongiae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Porifera" rank="order">Haplosclerida</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Colors indicate well-supported clades, with letter names following
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AA744B634266FFCCFE3AF8FAFD45FA4A" author="Redmond, N. E. & Morrow, C. C. & Thacker, R. W. & Diaz, M. C. & Boury-Esnault, N. & Cardenas, P. & Hajdu, E. & Lobo-Hajdu, G. & Picton, B. E. & Pomponi, S. A. & Kayal, E. & Collins, A. G." box="[432,660,1814,1838]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" pagination="388 - 415" refId="ref25975" refString="Redmond, N. E., Morrow, C. C., Thacker, R. W., Diaz, M. C., Boury-Esnault, N., Cardenas, P., Hajdu, E., Lobo-Hajdu, G., Picton, B. E., Pomponi, S. A., Kayal, E. & Collins, A. G. (2013) Phylogeny and systematics of Demospongiae in light of new smallsubunit ribosomal DNA (18 S) sequences. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 53, 388 - 415. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / icb / ict 078" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Redmond
|
||
<emphasis id="FC91EA804266FFCCFD92F8FBFD9BFA4A" box="[536,586,1814,1838]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Genbank accession numbers are shown; bold indicates new sequences. Node confidence is based on bootstrapping. Scale bar indicates substitutions per site. Colors indicate clades containing new taxa, as referenced in the text.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="9A9A661A4267FFCDFF1DFB7DFF26F995" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8162407" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8162407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8162407/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" startId="25.[151,250,1169,1193]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1145]" targetPageId="25" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="CE5A36924267FFCDFF1DFB7DFF26F995" blockId="25.[151,1436,1169,1265]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC91EA804267FFCDFF1DFB7DFECDF9CD" bold="true" box="[151,284,1169,1193]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">FIGURE 16</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FC91EA804267FFCDFEA7FB7EFE22F9CD" box="[301,499,1170,1193]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114267FFCDFEA7FB7EFE3EF9CD" authorityName="Turner & Lonhart" authorityYear="2023" box="[301,495,1170,1193]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ursa">Xestospongia ursa</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Field photos of holotype (A) and SBMNH700926 (B). C, F: Thick and thin oxeas from IZC00048472. D: Cross-section showing choanosomal skeleton and tangential section showing surface skeleton, both from holotype.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="CE5A36924267FFCDFF4DFAF3FD70F8AD" blockId="25.[151,1437,1311,2022]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC91EA804267FFCDFF4DFAF3FEB0F85D" bold="true" box="[199,353,1311,1337]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Morphology.</emphasis>
|
||
Thickly encrusting with irregular lobes and ridges; collected fragments are up to
|
||
<quantity id="091D9B774267FFCDFB7EFAF3FAFAF85E" box="[1268,1323,1311,1338]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
|
||
thick, but sponges likely exceed this thickness in life. Oscules prominent but sparse and irregular, flush with surface, placed atop high points on lobes and ridges. Surface covered in minute conules that give the sponge a furry appearance. Chalky white alive, but often has brownish patches due to fouling by microscopic algae. Produces copious slime when collected. Very firm and incompressible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CE5A36924267FFCDFF4DFA3FFB3AFB76" blockId="25.[151,1437,1311,2022]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC91EA804267FFCDFF4DFA3FFEE4F889" bold="true" box="[199,309,1491,1517]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Skeleton.</emphasis>
|
||
Ectosome and choanosome possess a chaotic, reticulated network of single spicules and paucispicular bundles 3–7 spicules across; in some places these form a polygonal mesh. Spongin is not apparent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CE5A36924267FFCDFF4DF9F7FB13FB8E" blockId="25.[151,1437,1311,2022]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC91EA804267FFCDFF4DF9F7FEE1FB51" bold="true" box="[199,304,1563,1589]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Spicules.</emphasis>
|
||
Oxeas, smoothly curved or with one or two subtle bends. Most commonly with two sharp points, but a substantial minority with one end tapering to a blunt tip; a small minority taper at only one end and are therefore styles. Some with extra spines forming a x-shape at one tip; this was very rare in any one sponge, but seen across multiple sponges. Spicules in one length category but variable in thickness; thickness unimodal but some much thinner than average; these may be immature.
|
||
<typeStatus id="115E88304267FFCDFD23F947FCC0FBA1" box="[681,785,1707,1733]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
218–290–332 x 4–13–18 μm (n=48), all samples pooled 185–281–332 x 2–14–21 μm (n=201). Mean lengths for each sample vary from 266 to 290 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="86FF65194267FFCDFF4DF91FFAD9FA32" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="CE5A36924267FFCDFF4DF91FFAD9FA32" blockId="25.[151,1437,1311,2022]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC91EA804267FFCDFF4DF91FFE3CFA69" bold="true" box="[199,493,1779,1805]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Common on rocky reefs in the shallow subtidal from Pescadero Point, on the northern end of Carmel Bay, to the Carmel Highlands, just south of Carmel Bay; it was seen on six of eight locations in this region. Not seen at any other location to date, including the 6 reefs searched in nearby Monterey Bay.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="86FF65194267FFCEFF4DF8B3FA85FE5D" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="177" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="CE5A36924267FFCEFF4DF8B3FB58FCED" blockId="25.[151,1437,1311,2022]" lastBlockId="26.[151,1437,150,825]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="177" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC91EA804267FFCDFF4DF8B3FEEAFA1D" bold="true" box="[199,315,1887,1913]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114267FFCDFECBF88CFC82FA1D" authority="(de Laubenfels, 1930)" baseAuthorityName="de Laubenfels" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[321,851,1887,1913]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="diprosopia">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC91EA804267FFCDFECBF88CFD86FA1D" box="[321,599,1887,1913]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Xestospongia diprosopia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AA744B634267FFCDFDEFF8B3FC9BFA1D" author="de Laubenfels, M. W." box="[613,842,1887,1913]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" pagination="24 - 29" refId="ref25197" refString="de Laubenfels, M. W. (1930) The Sponges of California. Stanford University Bulletin, 5, 24 - 29." type="journal article" year="1930">de Laubenfels, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a deep-water species from Central
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0C21F8704267FFCDFB7FF8B3FAB8FA1D" box="[1269,1385,1887,1913]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and the type species for the genus.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114267FFCDFE6DF868FD64FAF9" authority="Turner & Lonhart, 2023" authorityName="Turner & Lonhart" authorityYear="2023" box="[487,693,1924,1949]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ursa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC91EA804267FFCDFE6DF868FD64FAF9" box="[487,693,1924,1949]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Xestospongia ursa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="FC91EA804267FFCDFD31F86FFCC2FAF9" bold="true" box="[699,787,1923,1949]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E7A257FB4267FFCDFD31F86FFCC2FAF9" box="[699,787,1923,1949]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is very similar in terms of skeletal structure, spicule shape, and gross morphology. To verify that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114267FFCDFDBDF844FD56FAA5" authority="Turner & Lonhart, 2023" authorityName="Turner & Lonhart" authorityYear="2023" box="[567,647,1960,1985]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ursa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC91EA804267FFCDFDBDF844FD56FAA5" box="[567,647,1960,1985]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">X. ursa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="FC91EA804267FFCDFD07F84BFD37FAA5" bold="true" box="[653,742,1959,1985]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E7A257FB4267FFCDFD07F84BFD37FAA5" box="[653,742,1959,1985]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is not a shallow water form of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114267FFCDFBB7F844FB02FAA5" baseAuthorityName="de Laubenfels" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[1085,1235,1959,1985]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="diprosopia">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC91EA804267FFCDFBB7F844FB02FAA5" box="[1085,1235,1959,1985]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">X. diprosopia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we examined the spicules of two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114267FFCDFECFF820FE0DFA81" baseAuthorityName="de Laubenfels" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[325,476,1995,2021]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="diprosopia">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC91EA804267FFCDFECFF820FE0DFA81" box="[325,476,1995,2021]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">X. diprosopia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<quantity id="091D9B774267FFCDFD95F827FD86FA82" box="[543,599,1995,2022]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" unit="m" value="85.0">85 m</quantity>
|
||
depth. The samples average 351 and 365 μm in length, matching published data from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="115E88304264FFCEFEBFFF7BFE46FDD5" box="[309,407,151,177]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(352 μm;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AA744B634264FFCEFD87FF7BFC0FFDD5" author="Desqueyroux-Faundez, R. & Valentine, C." box="[525,990,151,177]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" pagination="906 - 917" refId="ref23966" refString="Desqueyroux-Faundez, R. & Valentine, C. (2002) Family Petrosiidae Van Soest, 1980. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera: A Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publ., New York, New York, pp. 906 - 917. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4615 - 0747 - 5 _ 95" type="book chapter" year="2002">Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Valentine 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This is about 20% longer than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114264FFCEFAC1FF7BFA4DFDD4" authority="Turner & Lonhart, 2023" authorityName="Turner & Lonhart" authorityYear="2023" box="[1355,1436,151,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ursa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC91EA804264FFCEFAC1FF7BFA4DFDD4" box="[1355,1436,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">X. ursa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="FC91EA804264FFCEFF1DFF57FF22FDB1" bold="true" box="[151,243,187,213]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E7A257FB4264FFCEFF1DFF57FF22FDB1" box="[151,243,187,213]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, which averages 266–290 μm in length depending on the sponge. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="115E88304264FFCEFBAEFF57FB57FDB1" box="[1060,1158,187,213]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114264FFCEFA89FF57FA4DFDB1" baseAuthorityName="de Laubenfels" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[1283,1436,187,213]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="diprosopia">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC91EA804264FFCEFA89FF57FA4DFDB1" box="[1283,1436,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">X. diprosopia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also average about 60% thicker spicules (23–26 μm per sample, vs. 13–15 μm for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114264FFCEFBAEFF33FBA5FD9C" authority="Turner & Lonhart, 2023" authorityName="Turner & Lonhart" authorityYear="2023" box="[1060,1140,223,248]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ursa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC91EA804264FFCEFBAEFF33FBA5FD9C" box="[1060,1140,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">X. ursa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="FC91EA804264FFCEFBF0FF33FB02FD9D" bold="true" box="[1146,1235,223,249]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E7A257FB4264FFCEFBF0FF33FB02FD9D" box="[1146,1235,223,249]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
). We successfully sequenced a portion of the
|
||
<emphasis id="FC91EA804264FFCEFE4CFEEFFE21FC79" box="[454,496,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">28S</emphasis>
|
||
locus from one
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114264FFCEFD2FFEEFFCEDFC79" baseAuthorityName="de Laubenfels" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[677,828,259,285]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="diprosopia">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC91EA804264FFCEFD2FFEEFFCEDFC79" box="[677,828,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">X. diprosopia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sample: this sequence was 6% divergent from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114264FFCEFAC1FEEFFA4DFC78" authority="Turner & Lonhart, 2023" authorityName="Turner & Lonhart" authorityYear="2023" box="[1355,1436,259,284]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ursa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC91EA804264FFCEFAC1FEEFFA4DFC78" box="[1355,1436,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">X. ursa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="FC91EA804264FFCEFF1DFECBFF23FC25" bold="true" box="[151,242,295,321]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E7A257FB4264FFCEFF1DFECBFF23FC25" box="[151,242,295,321]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
across the aligned 827 bp, supporting the species-level difference of these shallow and deep-water forms (figure 15). The genetic data also support the allocation of the new species to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114264FFCEFB98FEA7FB78FC00" authorityName="de Laubenfels" authorityYear="1932" box="[1042,1193,331,356]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC91EA804264FFCEFB98FEA7FB78FC00" box="[1042,1193,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Xestospongia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as it is more closely related to the type species than any other species with publicly available data at this locus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CE5A36924264FFCEFF4DFE7FFED5FF05" blockId="26.[151,1437,150,825]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">
|
||
Previous phylogenies of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114264FFCEFD83FE7FFD74FCC9" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1928" box="[521,677,403,429]" class="Demospongiae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="order">Haplosclerida</taxonomicName>
|
||
have found that most families and genera are polyphyletic, and the position of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114264FFCEFE9FFE5BFE65FCB5" baseAuthorityName="Laubenfels" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[277,436,439,465]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="disprotopia">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC91EA804264FFCEFE9FFE5BFE65FCB5" box="[277,436,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">X. disprotopia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
adds to this conclusion. Most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114264FFCEFC8CFE5BFC73FCB5" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1928" box="[774,930,439,465]" class="Demospongiae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="order">Haplosclerida</taxonomicName>
|
||
fall into five clades, designated A–E (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AA744B634264FFCEFAC2FE5BFEC0FC91" author="Pankey, M. S. & Plachetzki, D. C. & Macartney, K. J. & Gastaldi, M. & Slattery, M. & Gochfeld, D. J. & Lesser, M. P." pageId="26" pageNumber="177" pagination="750 - 762" refId="ref25806" refString="Pankey, M. S., Plachetzki, D. C., Macartney, K. J., Gastaldi, M., Slattery, M., Gochfeld, D. J. & Lesser, M. P. (2022) Cophylogeny and convergence shape holobiont evolution in sponge-microbe symbioses. Nature Ecology and Evolution, 6, 750 - 762. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41559 - 022 - 01712 - 3" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Pankey
|
||
<emphasis id="FC91EA804264FFCEFF1DFE37FF1EFC91" box="[151,207,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AA744B634264FFCEFE91FE37FDD8FC91" author="Redmond, N. E. & Morrow, C. C. & Thacker, R. W. & Diaz, M. C. & Boury-Esnault, N. & Cardenas, P. & Hajdu, E. & Lobo-Hajdu, G. & Picton, B. E. & Pomponi, S. A. & Kayal, E. & Collins, A. G." box="[283,521,475,501]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" pagination="388 - 415" refId="ref25975" refString="Redmond, N. E., Morrow, C. C., Thacker, R. W., Diaz, M. C., Boury-Esnault, N., Cardenas, P., Hajdu, E., Lobo-Hajdu, G., Picton, B. E., Pomponi, S. A., Kayal, E. & Collins, A. G. (2013) Phylogeny and systematics of Demospongiae in light of new smallsubunit ribosomal DNA (18 S) sequences. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 53, 388 - 415. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / icb / ict 078" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Redmond
|
||
<emphasis id="FC91EA804264FFCEFE04FE37FE17FC91" box="[398,454,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
): we include representatives of each in the
|
||
<emphasis id="FC91EA804264FFCEFC6CFE37FBC1FC91" box="[998,1040,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">28S</emphasis>
|
||
phylogeny shown in figure 15. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="115E88304264FFCEFF1DFE13FF16FF7D" box="[151,199,511,537]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114264FFCEFECFFE13FE0DFF7C" authorityName="de Laubenfels" authorityYear="1932" box="[325,476,511,536]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC91EA804264FFCEFECFFE13FE0DFF7C" box="[325,476,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Xestospongia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
falls within clade E, otherwise populated mainly by members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114264FFCEFB6BFE13FA48FF7D" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1882" box="[1249,1433,511,537]" class="Demospongiae" family="Phloeodictyidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Phloeodictyidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In contrast, other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114264FFCEFED1FDCFFE23FF58" authorityName="de Laubenfels" authorityYear="1932" box="[347,498,547,572]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC91EA804264FFCEFED1FDCFFE23FF58" box="[347,498,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Xestospongia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been found to be members of clades B and D (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AA744B634264FFCEFBBCFDCFFADBFF59" author="Pankey, M. S. & Plachetzki, D. C. & Macartney, K. J. & Gastaldi, M. & Slattery, M. & Gochfeld, D. J. & Lesser, M. P." box="[1078,1290,547,573]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" pagination="750 - 762" refId="ref25806" refString="Pankey, M. S., Plachetzki, D. C., Macartney, K. J., Gastaldi, M., Slattery, M., Gochfeld, D. J. & Lesser, M. P. (2022) Cophylogeny and convergence shape holobiont evolution in sponge-microbe symbioses. Nature Ecology and Evolution, 6, 750 - 762. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41559 - 022 - 01712 - 3" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Pankey
|
||
<emphasis id="FC91EA804264FFCEFB1AFDCFFB19FF59" box="[1168,1224,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AA744B634264FFCEFA9FFDCFFF29FF05" author="Redmond, N. E. & Morrow, C. C. & Thacker, R. W. & Diaz, M. C. & Boury-Esnault, N. & Cardenas, P. & Hajdu, E. & Lobo-Hajdu, G. & Picton, B. E. & Pomponi, S. A. & Kayal, E. & Collins, A. G." pageId="26" pageNumber="177" pagination="388 - 415" refId="ref25975" refString="Redmond, N. E., Morrow, C. C., Thacker, R. W., Diaz, M. C., Boury-Esnault, N., Cardenas, P., Hajdu, E., Lobo-Hajdu, G., Picton, B. E., Pomponi, S. A., Kayal, E. & Collins, A. G. (2013) Phylogeny and systematics of Demospongiae in light of new smallsubunit ribosomal DNA (18 S) sequences. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 53, 388 - 415. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / icb / ict 078" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Redmond
|
||
<emphasis id="FC91EA804264FFCEFA02FDCFFF65FF05" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CE5A36924264FFCEFF4DFD87FF28FFA9" blockId="26.[151,1437,150,825]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">
|
||
Two other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114264FFCEFECEFD87FE0AFFE0" authorityName="de Laubenfels" authorityYear="1932" box="[324,475,619,644]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC91EA804264FFCEFECEFD87FE0AFFE0" box="[324,475,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Xestospongia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known from the region:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114264FFCEFCA3FD87FBE7FFE1" authority="(Ristau, 1978)" baseAuthorityName="Ristau" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[809,1078,619,645]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dubia">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC91EA804264FFCEFCA3FD87FC5BFFE1" box="[809,906,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">X. dubia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AA744B634264FFCEFC17FD87FBFCFFE1" author="Ristau, D. A." box="[925,1069,619,645]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" pagination="569 - 589" refId="ref26193" refString="Ristau, D. A. (1978) Six new species of shallow-water marine demosponges from California. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 91, 569 - 589." type="journal article" year="1978">Ristau, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has much smaller spicules and a different morphology, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114264FFCEFE56FD63FCBAFFCD" authority="(Ridley & Dendy, 1886)" baseAuthorityName="Ridley & Dendy" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[476,875,655,681]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hispida">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC91EA804264FFCEFE56FD63FD9FFFCD" box="[476,590,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">X. hispida</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AA744B634264FFCEFDEAFD63FCB2FFCD" author="Ridley, S. O. & Dendy, A." box="[608,867,655,681]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" pagination="107" refId="ref26093" refString="Ridley, S. O. & Dendy, A. (1886) Preliminary report on the Monaxonida collected by H. M. S. Challenger. Part I. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 18 (107), 325 - 251. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938609459982" type="journal article" year="1886">Ridley & Dendy, 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is hispid, with a different morphology and larger spicules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CE5A36924264FFCEFF4DFD3BFA85FE5D" blockId="26.[151,1437,150,825]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114264FFCEFF4DFD3BFE47FF94" authority="Turner & Lonhart, 2023" authorityName="Turner & Lonhart" authorityYear="2023" box="[199,406,727,752]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ursa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC91EA804264FFCEFF4DFD3BFE47FF94" box="[199,406,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Xestospongia ursa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="FC91EA804264FFCEFE17FD3BFE27FF95" bold="true" box="[413,502,727,753]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E7A257FB4264FFCEFE17FD3BFE27FF95" box="[413,502,727,753]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
may be identifiable in the field due to its chalky white color, lobe-like growth form, and furry appearance. To date, all samples were correctly identified as conspecifics by the authors before looking at spicules, and no other samples were incorrectly identified as this species among the other samples collected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |