131 lines
15 KiB
XML
131 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document id="0DEEBF15022508CCA9BED2C5B0E10B7F" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5318.2.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8162357" ID-ZooBank="88714F9C-0EE5-4295-9988-3CEEF242489D" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1689748270342" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Turner, Thomas L. & Lonhart, Steve I." docDate="2023" docId="464C8784425FFFF5FF1DFE5AFD3EF951" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5318.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5318 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5318.2.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Scopalina jali Turner 2021" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="184" masterDocId="BA75FFFC427EFFD4FF8AFFECFFD1FD64" masterDocTitle="The Sponges of the Carmel Pinnacles Marine Protected Area" masterLastPageNumber="194" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="184" updateTime="1689748918368" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F968AA95446EE7A97F7C5952F82E4612">
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<mods:title id="DA04EE7493870F2352CEC54654DE9169">The Sponges of the Carmel Pinnacles Marine Protected Area</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="083A8962C2FD32C7278F23D3C787739E" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="FC541107C7A69F73547C8FD61090D599">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5204C50229D4F53E2FA5108A52B484E2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8A5175457773996BABB985A9B8DDC54F">Turner, Thomas L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0E64DCE5783730EEC913B74F1620AA35">Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="D8A8DB7CE042FF71EC7E33CC49DFA032" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="73820DD74573392189894CB89289A1AE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="1E28CED9734D151F9D27EADB0810B0E3">Lonhart, Steve I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="79D38F9529CF55F61ACBB4535238D8CA" type="ORCID">0000-0002-5559-792X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="7250B10F1D9E739E9CE200917070D56C">Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, National Ocean Service, NOAA, Santa Cruz, California, USA. steve. lonhart @ noaa. gov; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5559 - 792 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9915D5B1E08091FB5786C7921310DE3C" type="email">steve.lonhart@noaa.gov</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3349F955CFDDA2F181A0BDBB30CBC6D0">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="526698FB961DA8C3FBC0D95726CAC7EE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="22F52370962099A70B57991DDBEA1FBE">
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<mods:date id="D3E48DD4F3DD94CD715E4AB588DFD0AB">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="67D3F95DB88DAA0E5CDE0E25391180C8">2023-07-19</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="921129434EB3463289A19DCDC2180633">5318</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="CE0D1049F2B2D7A1868117FBC81677C4">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5318.2.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="9D7134B95B42F41F2567CB1010D3EA21">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="1C4AC79224750231CEA5EB7D5AFC85AF" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5318.2.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="464C8784425FFFF5FF1DFE5AFD3EF951" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8162443" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8162443" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:464C8784425FFFF5FF1DFE5AFD3EF951" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/464C8784425FFFF5FF1DFE5AFD3EF951" lastPageNumber="184" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">
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<subSubSection id="86FF6519425FFFF5FF1DFE5AFE34FCB4" box="[151,485,438,465]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="CE5A3692425FFFF5FF1DFE5AFE34FCB4" blockId="33.[151,485,438,501]" box="[151,485,438,465]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">
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<heading id="951281FE425FFFF5FF1DFE5AFE34FCB4" bold="true" box="[151,485,438,465]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="09E54D11425FFFF5FF1DFE5AFE34FCB4" ID-CoL="8H7FN" ID-ENA="2838058" authority="Turner, 2021" authorityName="Turner" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,485,438,465]" class="Demospongiae" family="Scopalinidae" genus="Scopalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scopalinida" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="jali">
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<emphasis id="FC91EA80425FFFF5FF1DFE5AFE34FCB4" bold="true" box="[151,485,438,465]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">
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<emphasis id="FC91EA80425FFFF5FF1DFE5AFEEFFCB5" bold="true" box="[151,318,438,465]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">Scopalina jali</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="AA744B63425FFFF5FECCFE5BFE34FCB4" author="Turner, T. L." box="[326,485,438,465]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" pagination="353 - 371" refId="ref26718" refString="Turner, T. L. (2021) Four new Scopalina from Southern California: the first Scopalinida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the temperate Eastern Pacific. Zootaxa, 4970 (2), 353 - 371. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4970.2.8" type="journal article" year="2021">Turner, 2021</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="86FF6519425FFFF5FF1DFE37FE82FC91" box="[151,339,475,501]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" type="description">
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<paragraph id="CE5A3692425FFFF5FF1DFE37FE82FC91" blockId="33.[151,485,438,501]" box="[151,339,475,501]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">
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<figureCitation id="56DE2A17425FFFF5FF1DFE37FEC2FC91" box="[151,275,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1169,1193]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1145]" captionTargetId="figure-33@4.[151,1436,181,1145]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Assorted sponges from the Carmel Pinnacles. Acarnus erithacus (A), Scopalina jali (B), Acanthancora cyanocrypta (visible as a blue crust) (C), Cliona californiana (a boring species, visible as tiny yellow papillae) (D), Neopetrosia problematica (E), Endectyon hyle (F), Amphimedon trindenea (G), Tethya californiana (H), Leucilla nuttingi (I), Leucosolenia sp. (J). B, D, F, I are discussed in the systematics section below; other species were not collected, and are identified with field photos only." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8162359" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8162359/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">Figures 1B</figureCitation>
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&
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<figureCitation id="56DE2A17425FFFF5FEBDFE37FE82FC91" box="[311,339,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,996,1895]" captionTargetId="figure-230@31.[151,1436,993,1898]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 21. Maximum likelihood phylogenies for the Scopalinida. A: 28S locus, B: cox1 locus. Genbank accession numbers are shown; bold indicates new sequences. Node confidence is based on bootstrapping. Scale bar indicates substitutions per site." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8162421" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8162421/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">21</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="86FF6519425FFFF5FF1DFDCEFDE7FE5D" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="CE5A3692425FFFF5FF1DFDCEFEC1FF05" blockId="33.[151,1437,546,1077]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">
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<emphasis id="FC91EA80425FFFF5FF1DFDCEFE51FF58" bold="true" box="[151,384,546,572]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="7E8D3CCF425FFFF5FE0CFDCFFD6DFF59" box="[390,700,547,573]" collectionCode="SBMNH" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" specimenCode="IZC00048470" specimenCount="1">
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<specimenCode id="9E439EE9425FFFF5FE0CFDCFFDF2FF59" box="[390,547,547,573]" collectionCode="IZC" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">IZC00048470</specimenCode>
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and
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<collectionCode id="A8F4AE57425FFFF5FDD2FDCFFD6DFF59" box="[600,700,547,573]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34834" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34834" name="Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" type="Museum">SBMNH</collectionCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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700918, Inner Carmel Pinnacle (
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<geoCoordinate id="ABD15055425FFFF5FBAFFDCEFB42FF59" box="[1061,1171,546,573]" degrees="36.55910" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" precision="1" value="36.5591">36.55910</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="ABD15055425FFFF5FB16FDCFFAF0FF59" box="[1180,1313,547,573]" degrees="121.96630" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" precision="1" value="-121.9663">-121.96630</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<quantity id="091D9B77425FFFF5FAB9FDCFFA46FF59" box="[1331,1431,547,573]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" unit="m" value="14.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="10.0">10–18 m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="BA5B1052425FFFF5FF1DFDABFEDDFF05" box="[151,268,583,609]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" value="2021-10-08">8/10/2021</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CE5A3692425FFFF5FF4DFD87FE83FFA9" blockId="33.[151,1437,546,1077]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">
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<emphasis id="FC91EA80425FFFF5FF4DFD87FEB0FFE1" bold="true" box="[199,353,619,645]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">Morphology.</emphasis>
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Thickly encrusting,
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<quantity id="091D9B77425FFFF5FDC2FD87FD4BFFE1" box="[584,666,619,645]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" unit="cm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 cm</quantity>
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thick, up to
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<quantity id="091D9B77425FFFF5FCADFD87FCBDFFE1" box="[807,876,619,645]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
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across. Soft and compressible. Prominent oscules slightly elevated above surface, ectosome partially transparent and lacy. Terracotta (reddish-brown) to beige alive, beige in ethanol.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CE5A3692425FFFF5FF4DFD3AFA87FF95" blockId="33.[151,1437,546,1077]" box="[199,1366,726,753]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">
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<emphasis id="FC91EA80425FFFF5FF4DFD3AFEE4FF94" bold="true" box="[199,309,726,752]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">Skeleton.</emphasis>
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Not investigated. Previously reported as a chaotic mesh of spongin fibers cored with spicules.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CE5A3692425FFFF5FF4DFD16FDE7FE5D" blockId="33.[151,1437,546,1077]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">
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<emphasis id="FC91EA80425FFFF5FF4DFD16FEE1FE70" bold="true" box="[199,304,762,788]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">Spicules.</emphasis>
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Oxeas, rarely modified to anisoxeas or with an extra cross-piece forming an X shape at one end. 361–423–485 x 7–15–18 μm (n=22).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="86FF6519425FFFF5FF4DFCAEFC57FEAD" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="CE5A3692425FFFF5FF4DFCAEFC57FEAD" blockId="33.[151,1437,546,1077]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">
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<emphasis id="FC91EA80425FFFF5FF4DFCAEFE3CFE38" bold="true" box="[199,493,834,861]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
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Occurs on natural reefs in the shallow subtidal. Previously known only from Southern
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<collectingRegion id="0C21F870425FFFF5FF1DFC8BFEDAFEE5" box="[151,267,871,897]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">California</collectingRegion>
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, from Santa Barbara in the north to Catalina Island in the south. This species was common at both dives at the Carmel Pinnacles, extending its range into Central
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<collectingRegion id="0C21F870425FFFF5FD7FFC67FCBBFEC1" box="[757,874,907,933]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">California</collectingRegion>
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. It has not been seen at any of the 13 other shallow subtidal sites recently investigated around the Monterey Peninsula.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="86FF6519425FFFF5FF4DFC3FFD3EF951" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="CE5A3692425FFFF5FF4DFC3FFD3EF951" blockId="33.[151,1437,546,1077]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">
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<emphasis id="FC91EA80425FFFF5FF4DFC3FFEEAFE89" bold="true" box="[199,315,979,1005]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The spicules of the sample investigated are 15% longer and 40% thicker than the Southern
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<collectingRegion id="0C21F870425FFFF5FAA1FC3FFA4CFE89" box="[1323,1437,979,1005]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">California</collectingRegion>
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samples measured in previous work (
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<bibRefCitation id="AA744B63425FFFF5FDB1FC1BFD1DF975" author="Turner, T. L." box="[571,716,1015,1041]" pageId="33" pageNumber="184" pagination="353 - 371" refId="ref26718" refString="Turner, T. L. (2021) Four new Scopalina from Southern California: the first Scopalinida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the temperate Eastern Pacific. Zootaxa, 4970 (2), 353 - 371. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4970.2.8" type="journal article" year="2021">Turner 2021</bibRefCitation>
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). As no genetic differentiation was seen at the
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<emphasis id="FC91EA80425FFFF5FB57FC1BFAD6F975" box="[1245,1287,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="184">28S</emphasis>
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locus, this is likely due to differences in environmental conditions.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |