treatments-xml/data/09/3B/87/093B87EDFFF4FFE2FF13FDB0E1667979.xml

<document id="FE8C9C0C31DF10BA310CA15EDB3CDFF7" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3857.4.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="86559c27-a5aa-421b-8987-537fd1ff49d8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="227582" ID-ZooBank="A344329E-1357-4AC6-A557-73EE269134C7" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460901482499" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ota, Yuzo" docDate="2014" docId="093B87EDFFF4FFE2FF13FDB0E1667979" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03857p500.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3857 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Gnathiidae Leach 1814, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="485" masterDocId="F502FF95FFF5FFEAFF84FF8DE547781D" masterDocTitle="Three new gnathiid species with larvae ectoparasitic on coastal sharks from southwestern Japan (Crustacea: Isopoda)" masterLastPageNumber="500" masterPageNumber="478" pageNumber="479" updateTime="1698360390344" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="7D894C9AB4A7B416FC76FAE37ED41D68" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="3DCBB617EBF52CF1A3524615E7EC7A98">
<mods:title id="356DD43161B17A49098CD62F9CE8A025">Three new gnathiid species with larvae ectoparasitic on coastal sharks from southwestern Japan (Crustacea: Isopoda)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="71E450ED09A8B8DD1B835D9BB14B69EA" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C0B5B380D8CB7BEB0215CBCB271AFA0D">
<mods:roleTerm id="7ECAC9497749527F25066B3D46601F96">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="8418051B1AD29DE353134D1342B5BB42">Ota, Yuzo</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="5EA7255735902BE9384FA7B2D9FCBF69">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="B51C4D78EDA4DE1204A32E5312BD6217" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="B655E404402104DAC58C8F90E3BE1AC6">
<mods:title id="F0C1F22649E8FCA37F6E393859D30F50">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="C977764A6FD1080384203807C404A5FB">
<mods:date id="1042177C0709597FDD778A0E897A0CCB">2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="DB1EEB82AD97BCE9E3FF82DC8FD7A872" type="volume">
<mods:number id="E8E18DCCBA6256E94336F0BF83E58784">3857</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="480599C30B367F75BDD48AA9E9C928D2" type="issue">
<mods:number id="E3D3B71FFEA0D235FE12CE9295251E08">4</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="E763CB34969A2E1A9EFAE0610CC555FB" unit="page">
<mods:start id="9B348E71985D83A9652029B568DA243F">478</mods:start>
<mods:end id="7F4BB973FCE5FFB14E55731B6DD36DEA">500</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="E91939742CE35685B942EF870151BDA8">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="59A75FF45238B1E666EE3B1E99D5637F" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3857.4.2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="15B2CDD680330A2781969EA7F5172EEC" type="GBIF-Dataset">86559c27-a5aa-421b-8987-537fd1ff49d8</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="46C5EE6B93298156257201303430C42B" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="117C33096F2DAD582137D1C2780007E1" type="Zenodo-Dep">227582</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9A71E438B4ED9C4FC57CDB2A3B729E7A" type="ZooBank">A344329E-1357-4AC6-A557-73EE269134C7</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="093B87EDFFF4FFE2FF13FDB0E1667979" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6123331" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119587660" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6123331" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:093B87EDFFF4FFE2FF13FDB0E1667979" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/093B87EDFFF4FFE2FF13FDB0E1667979" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="485" pageId="1" pageNumber="479">
<subSubSection id="C9886570FFF4FFEBFF13FDB0E4977B17" pageId="1" pageNumber="479" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="812D36FBFFF4FFEBFF13FDB0E7497A4B" blockId="1.[151,526,573,598]" box="[151,526,573,598]" pageId="1" pageNumber="479">
<heading id="DA658197FFF4FFEBFF13FDB0E7497A4B" bold="true" box="[151,526,573,598]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="479" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF4FFEBFF13FDB0E7497A4B" bold="true" box="[151,526,573,598]" pageId="1" pageNumber="479">
Family 
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF4FFEBFF76FDB0E7497A4B" ID-CoL="7NHPG" authority="Leach, 1814" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1814" box="[242,526,573,598]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gnathiidae Leach, 1814</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="812D36FBFFF4FFEBFF13FD08E4987A83" blockId="1.[151,479,645,670]" box="[151,479,645,670]" pageId="1" pageNumber="479">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF4FFEBFF13FD08E5A47A83" bold="true" box="[151,227,645,670]" pageId="1" pageNumber="479">Genus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF4FFEBFF6EFD08E4987A83" authority="Leach, 1814" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1814" box="[234,479,645,670]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
Gnathia 
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF4FFEBFED4FD08E4987A83" bold="true" box="[336,479,645,670]" pageId="1" pageNumber="479">Leach, 1814</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="812D36FBFFF4FFEBFF13FD40E4977B17" blockId="1.[151,488,717,778]" pageId="1" pageNumber="479">
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF4FFEBFF13FD40E4E47AF8" box="[151,419,717,741]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albipalpebrata" status="sp. nov.">Gnathia albipalpebrata</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF4FFEBFE2DFD40E4AF7AFB" bold="true" box="[425,488,717,742]" pageId="1" pageNumber="479">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A8D55792FFF4FFEBFE2DFD40E4AF7AFB" box="[425,488,717,742]" pageId="1" pageNumber="479" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="19A92A7EFFF4FFEBFF1BFD7CE44D7B17" box="[159,266,753,778]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionStartId-3="6.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox-0="[201,1385,193,1931]" captionTargetBox-1="[202,1389,193,1931]" captionTargetBox-2="[186,1395,193,1924]" captionTargetBox-3="[186,1401,193,1926]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[201,1385,193,1931]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[197,1389,193,1932]" captionTargetId-2="figure@5.[186,1400,193,1929]" captionTargetId-3="figure@6.[186,1401,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp., holotype, male adult (NSMT Cr- 22965, total length, 10.0 mm): A, body, dorsal view; B, frontal border with mandibles and eye, dorsal view (broken line shows mediofrontal process of paratype, NSMT Cr- 22966); C, head, lateral view; D, pleotelson, dorsal view; E, right antennula; F, right antenna." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp., holotype, male adult (NSMT Cr- 22965, total length, 10.0 mm): A, left maxilliped, ventral view; B, right pylopod, ventral view; C, right pereopod 2, lateral view; D, right pleopod 2, ventral view; E, penes, ventral view." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp., paratype, female adult (NSMT Cr- 22966, total length, 7.8 mm): A, body, dorsal view; B, frontal border, dorsal view; C, pleotelson, dorsal view. P 1 = pereonite 1." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp., paratype, third-stage larva (NSMT Cr- 33966, total length, 8.4 mm); A, body, dorsal view; B, head, dorsal view; C, pleotelson, dorsal view; D, right antennula; E, left antenna; F, mandible; G, paragnath; H, maxillula; I, maxilliped; J, pereopod 1; K, left pereopod 2; L, left pleopod 2. En = endite." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/227583/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/227584/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/227585/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/227586/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="479">Figs. 1–4</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="19A92A7EFFF4FFEBFE92FD7FE4757B17" box="[278,306,754,778]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[279,1309,193,1925]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[270,1316,193,1933]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 12. Live specimens of third-stage praniza larvae: A and B, Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp.; C and D, Gnathia parvirostrata n. sp.; E and F, Gnathia dejimagi n. sp. Scale = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227594/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="479">12</figureCitation>
A, B, 13A, B)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C9886570FFF4FFEBFF13FCB4E7677C37" pageId="1" pageNumber="479" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="812D36FBFFF4FFEBFF13FCB4E6087BA3" blockId="1.[151,1437,825,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="479">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF4FFEBFF13FCB4E4B37B4F" bold="true" box="[151,500,825,850]" pageId="1" pageNumber="479">
Material examined. 
<typeStatus id="5E298859FFF4FFEBFE03FCB4E4B37B4F" box="[391,500,825,850]" pageId="1" pageNumber="479" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: NSMT-Cr22965, adult male (total length 10.0 mm) here designated, gill chambers of 
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF4FFEBFF3CFCD0E7167B6B" authority="Ruppell, 1837" authorityName="Ruppell" authorityYear="1837" box="[184,593,861,886]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Triaenodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obesus">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF4FFEBFF3CFCD0E4D77B6B" box="[184,400,861,886]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="479">Triaenodon obesus</emphasis>
(Rüppell, 1837)
</taxonomicName>
, gill net in Nakagusuku Bay (
<geoCoordinate id="E4A6503CFFF4FFEBFC37FCD0E1527B6B" box="[947,1045,861,886]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="479" precision="925" value="26.2">26°12′N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="E4A6503CFFF4FFEBFBA7FCD0E1C87B6B" box="[1059,1167,861,886]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="479" precision="925" value="127.816666">127°49′E</geoCoordinate>
), Okinawa-jima Island, Southwestern 
<collectingCountry id="F985766BFFF4FFEBFEBDFC0FE43B7B84" box="[313,380,898,921]" name="Japan" pageId="1" pageNumber="479">Japan</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="F52C103BFFF4FFEBFE0EFC0FE7777B87" box="[394,560,898,922]" pageId="1" pageNumber="479" value="2009-09-12">12 Sept. 2009</date>
. 
<typeStatus id="5E298859FFF4FFEBFDB9FC0CE7F27B87" box="[573,693,897,922]" pageId="1" pageNumber="479" type="paratype">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF4FFEBFDB9FC0CE7F27B87" bold="true" box="[573,693,897,922]" pageId="1" pageNumber="479">Paratypes</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
: NSMT-Cr22966, 
<specimenCount id="9794FD72FFF4FFEBFC0AFC0FE69B7B87" box="[910,988,897,922]" pageId="1" pageNumber="479" type="male">2 male</specimenCount>
adults, 
<specimenCount id="9794FD72FFF4FFEBFBBFFC0FE1E77B87" box="[1083,1184,897,922]" pageId="1" pageNumber="479" type="female">2 female</specimenCount>
adults, 12 third-stage praniza larva, from the same host and locality as the 
<typeStatus id="5E298859FFF4FFEBFD61FC28E60C7BA3" box="[741,843,933,958]" pageId="1" pageNumber="479" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="812D36FBFFF4FFEBFF43FC44E7677C37" blockId="1.[151,1437,825,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="479">
[Additional Material/other records]: NSMT-Cr22967, 
<specimenCount id="9794FD72FFF4FFEBFCA2FC47E6357BFF" box="[806,882,969,994]" pageId="1" pageNumber="479" type="male">4 male</specimenCount>
adults, 
<specimenCount id="9794FD72FFF4FFEBFC4FFC47E16B7BFF" box="[971,1068,969,994]" pageId="1" pageNumber="479" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
adults, and 2 third-stage praniza larvae from gill chambers of 
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF4FFEBFE6CFC60E6397C1B" authority="Ruppell, 1837" authorityName="Ruppell" authorityYear="1837" box="[488,894,1005,1030]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Triaenodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obesus">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF4FFEBFE6CFC60E7F87C1B" box="[488,703,1005,1030]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="479">Triaenodon obesus</emphasis>
(Rüppell, 1837)
</taxonomicName>
, caught by line fishing off Ishigaki-jima Island (
<geoCoordinate id="E4A6503CFFF4FFEBFF1BFB9CE4477C37" box="[159,256,1041,1066]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="479" precision="925" value="24.466667">24°28′N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="E4A6503CFFF4FFEBFE88FB9CE4307C37" box="[268,375,1041,1066]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="479" precision="925" value="124.3">124°18′E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<date id="F52C103BFFF4FFEBFE08FB9CE75B7C37" box="[396,540,1041,1066]" pageId="1" pageNumber="479" value="2008-09-05">5 Sept. 2008</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C9886570FFF4FFEDFF43FBB8E5AC7A20" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="485" pageId="1" pageNumber="479" type="description">
<paragraph id="812D36FBFFF4FFEBFF43FBB8E6F87D38" blockId="1.[151,1437,825,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="479">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF4FFEBFF43FBB8E4A37C53" bold="true" box="[199,484,1077,1102]" pageId="1" pageNumber="479">Description. Adult male</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="19A92A7EFFF4FFEBFE70FBB8E77D7C53" box="[500,570,1077,1102]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[201,1385,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[201,1385,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp., holotype, male adult (NSMT Cr- 22965, total length, 10.0 mm): A, body, dorsal view; B, frontal border with mandibles and eye, dorsal view (broken line shows mediofrontal process of paratype, NSMT Cr- 22966); C, head, lateral view; D, pleotelson, dorsal view; E, right antennula; F, right antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227583/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="479">Figs 1</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="19A92A7EFFF4FFEBFDCDFBBBE71E7C53" box="[585,601,1078,1102]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[202,1389,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[197,1389,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp., holotype, male adult (NSMT Cr- 22965, total length, 10.0 mm): A, left maxilliped, ventral view; B, right pylopod, ventral view; C, right pereopod 2, lateral view; D, right pleopod 2, ventral view; E, penes, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227584/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="479">2</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF4FFEBFDEAFBB8E7EF7C53" box="[622,680,1077,1102]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="479">Body</emphasis>
<quantity id="466A9B1EFFF4FFEBFD2BFBBBE6037C50" box="[687,836,1078,1102]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.7" metricValueMax="10.3" metricValueMin="9.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="479" unit="mm" value="9.7" valueMax="10.3" valueMin="9.1">9.1–10.3 mm</quantity>
(mean ± SD; 9.6 ± 
<quantity id="466A9B1EFFF4FFEBFBA7FBB8E13C7C50" box="[1059,1147,1077,1102]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="479" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
, n = 7) covered with long setae. Pigmentation of live specimens white or light brown; digestive organs brown due to congealed host blood. 
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF4FFEBFF13FBF0E5937C8B" box="[151,212,1149,1174]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="479">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="19A92A7EFFF4FFEBFF6CFBF0E46D7C8B" box="[232,298,1149,1174]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[201,1385,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[201,1385,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp., holotype, male adult (NSMT Cr- 22965, total length, 10.0 mm): A, body, dorsal view; B, frontal border with mandibles and eye, dorsal view (broken line shows mediofrontal process of paratype, NSMT Cr- 22966); C, head, lateral view; D, pleotelson, dorsal view; E, right antennula; F, right antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227583/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="479">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A–C) covered with tubercles, rectangular with posterior margin slightly concave. Frontal border almost straight. Mediofrontal process slightly curved and slightly dentate, and central notch often visible. Two frontolateral processes with 4 setae. Two apexes of ventral frontal margin slightly visible in dorsal view. Dorsal sulcus not reach half-length of head and shallow U-shaped. Eyes composed with 41 ocelli. Supraocular lobe not prominent with slightly dentate apex. Accessory supraocular lobe acute.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="812D36FBFFF4FFEBFF13FABFE11F7DAB" blockId="1.[151,1437,825,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="479">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF4FFEBFF13FABFE4007D57" box="[151,327,1330,1354]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="479">Pereonites 1−3</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="19A92A7EFFF4FFEBFEDEFABCE4DB7D57" box="[346,412,1329,1354]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[201,1385,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[201,1385,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp., holotype, male adult (NSMT Cr- 22965, total length, 10.0 mm): A, body, dorsal view; B, frontal border with mandibles and eye, dorsal view (broken line shows mediofrontal process of paratype, NSMT Cr- 22966); C, head, lateral view; D, pleotelson, dorsal view; E, right antennula; F, right antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227583/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="479">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A, C) sparsely covered with tubercles. Pereonite 1 short, not fused with head, reaching lateral margin of head. Widths and lengths of pereonites 2 and 3 same. Pereonite 4 with constriction anteriorly, and anterolateral lobes and anteromedial lobe with several setae. Areae laterales and lobi laterals not prominent on pereonites 5 and 6, respectively. Pereonite 7 short and narrow, overlapping pleonite 1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="812D36FBFFF4FFEBFF13FA4CE7497DE3" blockId="1.[151,1437,825,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="479">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF4FFEBFF13FA4CE46D7DC7" box="[151,298,1473,1498]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="479">Pleonites 1-5</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="19A92A7EFFF4FFEBFEBEFA4CE43F7DC7" box="[314,376,1473,1498]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[201,1385,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[201,1385,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp., holotype, male adult (NSMT Cr- 22965, total length, 10.0 mm): A, body, dorsal view; B, frontal border with mandibles and eye, dorsal view (broken line shows mediofrontal process of paratype, NSMT Cr- 22966); C, head, lateral view; D, pleotelson, dorsal view; E, right antennula; F, right antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227583/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="479">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A) almost equal length, fringed with long setae on posterior central and lateral margins of each segment. Epimera not prominent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="812D36FBFFF4FFEBFF43F984E6297E77" blockId="1.[151,1437,825,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="479">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF4FFEBFF43F984E47A7E3F" box="[199,317,1545,1570]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="479">Pleotelson</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="19A92A7EFFF4FFEBFED5F984E4D27E3F" box="[337,405,1545,1570]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[201,1385,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[201,1385,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp., holotype, male adult (NSMT Cr- 22965, total length, 10.0 mm): A, body, dorsal view; B, frontal border with mandibles and eye, dorsal view (broken line shows mediofrontal process of paratype, NSMT Cr- 22966); C, head, lateral view; D, pleotelson, dorsal view; E, right antennula; F, right antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227583/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="479">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
D) covered with pectinate scales. Lateral margin acutely narrow near basis and almost straight posteriorly. Distal apex without pair of spine. Each lateral surface bears 3 or 5 long setae placed randomly. One pair of setae on medial surface and distal apex, respectively.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="812D36FBFFF4FFEBFF43F9F8E7857ECB" blockId="1.[151,1437,825,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="479">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF4FFEBFF43F9F8E4747E93" box="[199,307,1653,1678]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="479">Mandible</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="19A92A7EFFF4FFEBFEC7F9F8E4C37E93" box="[323,388,1653,1678]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[201,1385,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[201,1385,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp., holotype, male adult (NSMT Cr- 22965, total length, 10.0 mm): A, body, dorsal view; B, frontal border with mandibles and eye, dorsal view (broken line shows mediofrontal process of paratype, NSMT Cr- 22966); C, head, lateral view; D, pleotelson, dorsal view; E, right antennula; F, right antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227583/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="479">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
B, C) pliers-liked shape with prominent basal neck. Mandible length reaches approximately two-third length of head in dorsal view. Apex curved inward. One mandibular seta presents near armed carina on mid-dorsal surface. Erisma visible in dorsal view.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="812D36FBFFF4FFEBFF43F96CE1597F5C" blockId="1.[151,1437,825,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="479">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF4FFEBFF43F96CE47E7EE7" box="[199,313,1761,1786]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="479">Antennule</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="19A92A7EFFF4FFEBFECEF96CE4CC7EE7" box="[330,395,1761,1786]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[201,1385,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[201,1385,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp., holotype, male adult (NSMT Cr- 22965, total length, 10.0 mm): A, body, dorsal view; B, frontal border with mandibles and eye, dorsal view (broken line shows mediofrontal process of paratype, NSMT Cr- 22966); C, head, lateral view; D, pleotelson, dorsal view; E, right antennula; F, right antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227583/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="479">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
E) composed with 3 basal and 5 flagellar articles. One, 3, and 1 penicillate setae on distal margins of basal articles 1, 2, and 3, respectively. One penicillate seta on flagellar article 1. One aesthetasc on flagellar article 3, 4, and 5 respectively. Flagellar article 5 terminating in 3 setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="812D36FBFFF4FFEBFF43F8C3E0517F94" blockId="1.[151,1437,825,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="479">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF4FFEBFF43F8C3E4627F78" box="[199,293,1870,1893]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="479">Antenna</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="19A92A7EFFF4FFEBFEB7F8C0E4357F7B" box="[307,370,1869,1894]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[201,1385,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[201,1385,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp., holotype, male adult (NSMT Cr- 22965, total length, 10.0 mm): A, body, dorsal view; B, frontal border with mandibles and eye, dorsal view (broken line shows mediofrontal process of paratype, NSMT Cr- 22966); C, head, lateral view; D, pleotelson, dorsal view; E, right antennula; F, right antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227583/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="479">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
F) composed with 4 basal and 7 flagellar articles. Two and 3 feather-like bristles on peduncle 3 and 4, respectively. 1–3 setae on distal margins of flagellar articles 1–6. Article 7 terminates in 4 setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="812D36FBFFF4FFEBFF43F818E6797FEB" blockId="1.[151,1437,825,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="479">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF4FFEBFF43F818E4077FB3" box="[199,320,1941,1966]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="479">Maxilliped</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="19A92A7EFFF4FFEBFED6F818E4D07FB3" box="[338,407,1941,1966]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[202,1389,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[197,1389,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp., holotype, male adult (NSMT Cr- 22965, total length, 10.0 mm): A, left maxilliped, ventral view; B, right pylopod, ventral view; C, right pereopod 2, lateral view; D, right pleopod 2, ventral view; E, penes, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227584/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="479">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A) composed with basis and 4 palp articles. Basis fringed with setae. Endite fringed with setae on apex, extending to palp article 1. Six, 8, 5, and 8 plumose setae on external margins of palp articles 1–4, respectively. Three setae on internal margin of palp article 4.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="812D36FBFFF7FFE8FF43FF1AE44678E5" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF7FFE8FF43FF1AE46278AD" box="[199,293,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Pylopod</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="19A92A7EFFF7FFE8FEB0FF1AE43F78AD" box="[308,376,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[202,1389,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[197,1389,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp., holotype, male adult (NSMT Cr- 22965, total length, 10.0 mm): A, left maxilliped, ventral view; B, right pylopod, ventral view; C, right pereopod 2, lateral view; D, right pleopod 2, ventral view; E, penes, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227584/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
B) 3 articles. Article 1 with 3 areolae, 49 plumose setae on internal margin, 2 setae near basis, and 3 setae on distal margin. Article 2 circular with 12 setae on distal margin and 1 seta on external margin. Article 3 minute.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="812D36FBFFF7FFE8FF43FE89E70F79E8" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF7FFE8FF43FE89E40C7901" box="[199,331,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Pereopod 2</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="19A92A7EFFF7FFE8FED9FE89E4E57901" box="[349,418,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[202,1389,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[197,1389,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp., holotype, male adult (NSMT Cr- 22965, total length, 10.0 mm): A, left maxilliped, ventral view; B, right pylopod, ventral view; C, right pereopod 2, lateral view; D, right pleopod 2, ventral view; E, penes, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227584/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
C) covered with setae and pectinate scales visible on ischium, merus, and carpus. Basis oblong with 2 penicillate setae and 9 spines on dorsal margin. Ischium shorter than basis, becoming broader distally. Merus length approximately half ischium length. Carpus slightly shorter than merus, with 1 denticulate compound seta on distal margin, 3 tubercles on inner margin. Propodus rectangular, bearing 2 denticulate compound setae on inner-mid and inner-distal margins. Dactylus terminal unguis robust and ventral claws. Pereopod 3 almost same in morphology as pereopod 2. Basis of pereopod 4 and 6 more stout than that of pereopod 2. Pereopod 5 lacks tubercles on basis.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="812D36FBFFF7FFE8FF43FE72E1B37A98" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF7FFE8FF43FE72E47A7A05" box="[199,317,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Pleopod 2</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="19A92A7EFFF7FFE8FED4FE72E4DF7A05" box="[336,408,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[202,1389,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[197,1389,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp., holotype, male adult (NSMT Cr- 22965, total length, 10.0 mm): A, left maxilliped, ventral view; B, right pylopod, ventral view; C, right pereopod 2, lateral view; D, right pleopod 2, ventral view; E, penes, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227584/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
D). Protopod covered with scales on lateral margin, 1 seta on outer distal corner, and 2 coupling hooks on inner margin. Both rami not fringed with fine setae. Exopod fan-shaped with total 9 of simple and plumose setae. Endopod oval with total of 6 simple and plumose setae. Pleopod 1–5 ranged from 8–9 on exopods and 6–8 setae on endopods. Appendix masculina nearly extends to half-length of endopod.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="812D36FBFFF7FFE8FF43FD02E6EF7AED" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF7FFE8FF43FD02E45A7AB5" box="[199,285,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Uropod</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="19A92A7EFFF7FFE8FEA9FD02E42B7AB5" box="[301,364,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[201,1385,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[201,1385,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp., holotype, male adult (NSMT Cr- 22965, total length, 10.0 mm): A, body, dorsal view; B, frontal border with mandibles and eye, dorsal view (broken line shows mediofrontal process of paratype, NSMT Cr- 22966); C, head, lateral view; D, pleotelson, dorsal view; E, right antennula; F, right antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227583/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
D) fringed with fine setae laterally. Basis covered with pectinate scales. Both rami subequal in length, and extend beyond apex of pleotelson. Exopod with total of 26 or 27 setae and endopod with total 13 or 14 setae. Plumose setae reduced. Six penicillate setae on dorsal endopod.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="812D36FBFFF7FFE8FF43FD70E6667B08" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,801,764,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF7FFE8FF43FD70E44D7B09" box="[199,266,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Penes</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="19A92A7EFFF7FFE8FE9DFD71E41C7B09" box="[281,347,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[202,1389,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[197,1389,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp., holotype, male adult (NSMT Cr- 22965, total length, 10.0 mm): A, left maxilliped, ventral view; B, right pylopod, ventral view; C, right pereopod 2, lateral view; D, right pleopod 2, ventral view; E, penes, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227584/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
E) 2 contiguous papillae medially fused.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="812D36FBFFF7FFE8FF43FC92E71B7C0D" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF7FFE8FF43FC92E4247B25" bold="true" box="[199,355,799,824]" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Adult female</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="19A92A7EFFF7FFE8FEF1FC92E4FC7B25" box="[373,443,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[186,1395,193,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[186,1400,193,1929]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp., paratype, female adult (NSMT Cr- 22966, total length, 7.8 mm): A, body, dorsal view; B, frontal border, dorsal view; C, pleotelson, dorsal view. P 1 = pereonite 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227585/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Body (
<figureCitation id="19A92A7EFFF7FFE8FDA4FC92E7247B25" box="[544,611,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[186,1395,193,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[186,1400,193,1929]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp., paratype, female adult (NSMT Cr- 22966, total length, 7.8 mm): A, body, dorsal view; B, frontal border, dorsal view; C, pleotelson, dorsal view. P 1 = pereonite 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227585/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A) 
<quantity id="466A9B1EFFF7FFE8FD0FFC92E6537B2A" box="[651,788,799,824]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.699999999999999" metricValueMax="7.8" metricValueMin="7.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="7.699999999999999" valueMax="7.8" valueMin="7.6">7.6–7.8 mm</quantity>
(7.7 ± 
<quantity id="466A9B1EFFF7FFE8FCEEFCADE6837B2A" box="[874,964,800,824]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
, n = 2) scarcely covered with long setae. 
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF7FFE8FF13FCC9E5937B40" box="[151,212,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="19A92A7EFFF7FFE8FF61FCC9E46E7B41" box="[229,297,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[186,1395,193,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[186,1400,193,1929]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp., paratype, female adult (NSMT Cr- 22966, total length, 7.8 mm): A, body, dorsal view; B, frontal border, dorsal view; C, pleotelson, dorsal view. P 1 = pereonite 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227585/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A, B) with several setae. Frontal border concave. Pereon swollen with 2 sutures between pereonite 4–6. 
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF7FFE8FF55FCE4E4147B9D" box="[209,339,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Pereonite 1</emphasis>
not fused to cephalosome. 
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF7FFE8FD0BFCE4E6567B9D" box="[655,785,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Pereonite 3</emphasis>
wider than pereonite 2, reaching lateral margins. Lateral shields of pereopods 2–6 visible dorsally. 
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF7FFE8FD05FC01E6597BB9" box="[641,798,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Pleonites 1–5</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="19A92A7EFFF7FFE8FCB5FC01E6327BB9" box="[817,885,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[186,1395,193,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[186,1400,193,1929]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp., paratype, female adult (NSMT Cr- 22966, total length, 7.8 mm): A, body, dorsal view; B, frontal border, dorsal view; C, pleotelson, dorsal view. P 1 = pereonite 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227585/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A) each with 4–8 setae on lateral and posterior margin, and 4–6 setae on dorsal surface. 
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF7FFE8FDE1FC22E79B7BD5" box="[613,732,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Pleotelson</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="19A92A7EFFF7FFE8FD6FFC22E66A7BD5" box="[747,813,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[186,1395,193,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[186,1400,193,1929]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp., paratype, female adult (NSMT Cr- 22966, total length, 7.8 mm): A, body, dorsal view; B, frontal border, dorsal view; C, pleotelson, dorsal view. P 1 = pereonite 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227585/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
C) covered with pectinate scales and deformed. Lateral margin acutely narrow near basis and almost straight posteriorly. One pair of setae on dorsal surface, lateral margins, and distal margin, respectively.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="812D36FBFFF7FFE8FF43FB91E6297D65" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF7FFE8FF43FB91E4767C2E" box="[199,305,1052,1075]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Antennae</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="19A92A7EFFF7FFE8FEC2FB91E4C97C29" box="[326,398,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[186,1395,193,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[186,1400,193,1929]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp., paratype, female adult (NSMT Cr- 22966, total length, 7.8 mm): A, body, dorsal view; B, frontal border, dorsal view; C, pleotelson, dorsal view. P 1 = pereonite 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227585/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
D, E) with fewer number of setae than those of male adult. Flagellar articles antenna composed with 6 segments. 
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF7FFE8FE53FBB2E7167C45" box="[471,593,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Maxilliped</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="19A92A7EFFF7FFE8FDE5FBB2E7E47C45" box="[609,675,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[186,1395,193,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[186,1400,193,1929]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp., paratype, female adult (NSMT Cr- 22966, total length, 7.8 mm): A, body, dorsal view; B, frontal border, dorsal view; C, pleotelson, dorsal view. P 1 = pereonite 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227585/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
F) composed with 2 basal articles and 4 palps. Number of plumose setae 8 on basal article 2, 5 on palp 1, 8 on palp 2, 8 on palp 3, and 
<quantity id="466A9B1EFFF7FFE8FC10FBE8E6877C60" box="[916,960,1124,1149]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.778" pageId="2" pageNumber="480" unit="in" value="7.0">7 in</quantity>
palp 4. One seta on inner distal margin of palp 1. 
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF7FFE8FF6EFB0AE40F7CBD" box="[234,328,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Pylopod</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="19A92A7EFFF7FFE8FED3FB0AE4DE7CBD" box="[343,409,1159,1184]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[186,1395,193,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[186,1400,193,1929]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp., paratype, female adult (NSMT Cr- 22966, total length, 7.8 mm): A, body, dorsal view; B, frontal border, dorsal view; C, pleotelson, dorsal view. P 1 = pereonite 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227585/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
G) composed with 3 articles. Inner margins of article 1 and 2 covered with pectinate scales. Article 3 semicircular. Pylopodal oostegate oval with fine setae on posterior margin. 
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF7FFE8FBD9FB21E1937CD8" box="[1117,1236,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Pereopods</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="19A92A7EFFF7FFE8FB61FB21E0607CD9" box="[1253,1319,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[186,1395,193,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[186,1400,193,1929]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp., paratype, female adult (NSMT Cr- 22966, total length, 7.8 mm): A, body, dorsal view; B, frontal border, dorsal view; C, pleotelson, dorsal view. P 1 = pereonite 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227585/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
H) shorter and narrower than those of male adult. Pereopods 4–6 about 1.3 times longer than pereopods 2 and 3. 
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF7FFE8FAB0FB42E0DB7CF5" box="[1332,1436,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Pleopods</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="19A92A7EFFF7FFE8FF1BFB79E5A67D11" box="[159,225,1268,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[186,1395,193,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[186,1400,193,1929]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp., paratype, female adult (NSMT Cr- 22966, total length, 7.8 mm): A, body, dorsal view; B, frontal border, dorsal view; C, pleotelson, dorsal view. P 1 = pereonite 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227585/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">
Fig. 
<date id="F52C103BFFF7FFE8FF50FB79E5A67D11" box="[212,225,1268,1292]" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">3</date>
</figureCitation>
I) reduced setae: 7–9 and 6–8 simple or plumose setae on exopods and endopods, respectively. Exopods as long as endopods in all pleopods. 
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF7FFE8FD98FA9AE7817D2D" box="[540,710,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Uropodal rami</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="19A92A7EFFF7FFE8FD52FA9AE65E7D2D" box="[726,793,1303,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[186,1395,193,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[186,1400,193,1929]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp., paratype, female adult (NSMT Cr- 22966, total length, 7.8 mm): A, body, dorsal view; B, frontal border, dorsal view; C, pleotelson, dorsal view. P 1 = pereonite 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227585/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
C) covered with pectinate scales and subequal in length, and extend beyond apex of pleotelson. Exopod with total of 25 or 26 setae and endopod with total 14 setae. Plumose setae reduced. Five penicillate setae on dorsal endopod.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="812D36FBFFF7FFE8FF43FA09E7FC7E15" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF7FFE8FF43FA09E4BC7D80" bold="true" box="[199,507,1412,1437]" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Third-stage praniza larva</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="19A92A7EFFF7FFE8FD8EFA09E7147D81" box="[522,595,1412,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[186,1401,193,1926]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[186,1401,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp., paratype, third-stage larva (NSMT Cr- 33966, total length, 8.4 mm); A, body, dorsal view; B, head, dorsal view; C, pleotelson, dorsal view; D, right antennula; E, left antenna; F, mandible; G, paragnath; H, maxillula; I, maxilliped; J, pereopod 1; K, left pereopod 2; L, left pleopod 2. En = endite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227586/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Figs 4</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="19A92A7EFFF7FFE8FDDBFA09E73C7D81" box="[607,635,1412,1436]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[279,1309,193,1925]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[270,1316,193,1933]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 12. Live specimens of third-stage praniza larvae: A and B, Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp.; C and D, Gnathia parvirostrata n. sp.; E and F, Gnathia dejimagi n. sp. Scale = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227594/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">12</figureCitation>
A, B, 13A, B). 
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF7FFE8FCA3FA09E6267D80" box="[807,865,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Body</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="19A92A7EFFF7FFE8FCF4FA09E6F27D81" box="[880,949,1412,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[186,1395,193,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[186,1400,193,1929]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp., paratype, female adult (NSMT Cr- 22966, total length, 7.8 mm): A, body, dorsal view; B, frontal border, dorsal view; C, pleotelson, dorsal view. P 1 = pereonite 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227585/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Figs 3</figureCitation>
A, 10A, B) 
<quantity id="466A9B1EFFF7FFE8FBBFFA09E1857D81" box="[1083,1218,1412,1437]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.05" metricValueMax="9.3" metricValueMin="6.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="8.05" valueMax="9.3" valueMin="6.8">6.8–9.3 mm</quantity>
(8.3 ± 
<quantity id="466A9B1EFFF7FFE8FA97FA09E02C7D81" box="[1299,1387,1412,1436]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
, n = 10) with fully swollen thorax. In live specimens, orange pigmentations on head, pleonites and external margin of uropodal exopod. White spots often scattered on dorsal thorax. Eyes red. Inner margins of eyes fringed with distinct white lines. Pigmentation lost in ethanol.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="812D36FBFFF7FFE8FF43F999E1197F18" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF7FFE8FF43F999E4437E30" box="[199,260,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="19A92A7EFFF7FFE8FE93F999E4187E31" box="[279,351,1556,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[186,1401,193,1926]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[186,1401,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp., paratype, third-stage larva (NSMT Cr- 33966, total length, 8.4 mm); A, body, dorsal view; B, head, dorsal view; C, pleotelson, dorsal view; D, right antennula; E, left antenna; F, mandible; G, paragnath; H, maxillula; I, maxilliped; J, pereopod 1; K, left pereopod 2; L, left pleopod 2. En = endite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227586/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
A, B) semicircular, length approximately two third width. Clypeus projects nearly anteriorly, length approximately 0.5 head length and 1.23 mandible length exposed in dorsal view, lateral margin distally concave with distinct proximal convexity and then converging anteriorly. Eyes approximately 0.81 times of head length and its inner margin not reaching basis of antennae. 
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF7FFE8FCA8F90CE6EB7E85" box="[812,940,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Pereonite 1</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="19A92A7EFFF7FFE8FC3FF9F2E6B87E85" box="[955,1023,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[186,1401,193,1926]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[186,1401,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp., paratype, third-stage larva (NSMT Cr- 33966, total length, 8.4 mm); A, body, dorsal view; B, head, dorsal view; C, pleotelson, dorsal view; D, right antennula; E, left antenna; F, mandible; G, paragnath; H, maxillula; I, maxilliped; J, pereopod 1; K, left pereopod 2; L, left pleopod 2. En = endite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227586/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
B) axially thin, length less than basal width of head. Pereonite 2 with 1 seta on laterally. Pereonite 3 posteriorly concave. Lateral shields (remnant tergites) of pereonites 4–6 visible in dorsal view, elliptical. Fully swollen part (from anterior margin of pereonite 4 to distal apex of lateral shield of pereonite 6) approximately 2.4 times as wide as long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="812D36FBFFF7FFE8FF43F882E66C7F6D" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF7FFE8FF43F882E4687F35" box="[199,303,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Pleonites</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="19A92A7EFFF7FFE8FEBBF882E4C57F35" box="[319,386,1807,1832]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[186,1401,193,1926]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[186,1401,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp., paratype, third-stage larva (NSMT Cr- 33966, total length, 8.4 mm); A, body, dorsal view; B, head, dorsal view; C, pleotelson, dorsal view; D, right antennula; E, left antenna; F, mandible; G, paragnath; H, maxillula; I, maxilliped; J, pereopod 1; K, left pereopod 2; L, left pleopod 2. En = endite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227586/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
A) lengths subequal. Small seta not visible on lateral margin of each segment in dorsal view. 
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF7FFE8FF13F8B9E44A7F50" box="[151,269,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Pleotelson</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="19A92A7EFFF7FFE8FE98F8B9E4187F51" box="[284,351,1844,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[186,1401,193,1926]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[186,1401,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp., paratype, third-stage larva (NSMT Cr- 33966, total length, 8.4 mm); A, body, dorsal view; B, head, dorsal view; C, pleotelson, dorsal view; D, right antennula; E, left antenna; F, mandible; G, paragnath; H, maxillula; I, maxilliped; J, pereopod 1; K, left pereopod 2; L, left pleopod 2. En = endite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227586/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
C) slightly narrow near basis and slightly convex on lateral margin. Three pairs of setae on dorsal surface and one pair of seta on apex. Pair of spine on apex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="812D36FBFFF7FFE8FF43F8F1E60F7FC1" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF7FFE8FF43F8F1E47D7F88" box="[199,314,1916,1941]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Euantennariaceae" genus="Antennula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Capnodiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="480" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF7FFE8FF43F8F1E47D7F88" box="[199,314,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Antennula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="19A92A7EFFF7FFE8FECFF8F1E4C97F89" box="[331,398,1916,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[186,1401,193,1926]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[186,1401,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp., paratype, third-stage larva (NSMT Cr- 33966, total length, 8.4 mm); A, body, dorsal view; B, head, dorsal view; C, pleotelson, dorsal view; D, right antennula; E, left antenna; F, mandible; G, paragnath; H, maxillula; I, maxilliped; J, pereopod 1; K, left pereopod 2; L, left pleopod 2. En = endite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227586/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
D) composed with 3 basal and 4 flagellar articles. External margins of basal article 2 and 3 fringed with fine setae. One penicillate seta on flagellar article 4. 
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF7FFE8FCFBF82CE69B7FA5" box="[895,988,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Antenna</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="19A92A7EFFF7FFE8FC69F82DE1777FA5" box="[1005,1072,1952,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[186,1401,193,1926]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[186,1401,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp., paratype, third-stage larva (NSMT Cr- 33966, total length, 8.4 mm); A, body, dorsal view; B, head, dorsal view; C, pleotelson, dorsal view; D, right antennula; E, left antenna; F, mandible; G, paragnath; H, maxillula; I, maxilliped; J, pereopod 1; K, left pereopod 2; L, left pleopod 2. En = endite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227586/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="480">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
E) composed with 4 basal and 7 flagellar articles. Basal article 3 and 4 fringed with fine setae.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D5ED6673FFF6FFE9FF13F82DE1007FE9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227583/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="481" targetBox="[201,1385,193,1931]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="812D36FBFFF6FFE9FF13F82DE1007FE9" blockId="3.[151,1436,1952,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="481">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF6FFE9FF13F82DE4527FA8" bold="true" box="[151,277,1952,1974]" pageId="3" pageNumber="481">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF6FFE9FE99F82DE7487FAB" box="[285,527,1952,1974]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="481" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albipalpebrata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF6FFE9FE99F82DE7487FAB" box="[285,527,1952,1974]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="481">Gnathia albipalpebrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A8D55792FFF6FFE9FD9CF82CE7147FAB" box="[536,595,1953,1974]" pageId="3" pageNumber="481" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF6FFE9FD9CF82CE7147FAB" bold="true" box="[536,595,1953,1974]" pageId="3" pageNumber="481">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, male adult (NSMT Cr-22965, total length, 10.0 mm): A, body, dorsal view; B, frontal border with mandibles and eye, dorsal view (broken line shows mediofrontal process of paratype, NSMT Cr- 22966); C, head, lateral view; D, pleotelson, dorsal view; E, right 
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF6FFE9FCB6F853E6DF7FE9" box="[818,920,2014,2036]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Euantennariaceae" genus="Antennula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Capnodiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="498" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">antennula</taxonomicName>
; F, right antenna.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="D5ED6673FFF1FFEEFF13F82CE45D7FE9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227584/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="482" targetBox="[202,1389,193,1931]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="812D36FBFFF1FFEEFF13F82CE45D7FE9" blockId="4.[151,1436,1953,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="482">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF1FFEEFF13F82CE4547FAB" bold="true" box="[151,275,1953,1975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="482">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF1FFEEFE9EF82CE74D7FAA" box="[282,522,1953,1975]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albipalpebrata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF1FFEEFE9EF82CE74D7FAA" box="[282,522,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="482">Gnathia albipalpebrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A8D55792FFF1FFEEFD94F82CE70D7FAB" box="[528,586,1953,1974]" pageId="4" pageNumber="482" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF1FFEEFD94F82CE70D7FAB" bold="true" box="[528,586,1953,1974]" pageId="4" pageNumber="482">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, male adult (NSMT Cr-22965, total length, 10.0 mm): A, left maxilliped, ventral view; B, right pylopod, ventral view; C, right pereopod 2, lateral view; D, right pleopod 2, ventral view; E, penes, ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="D5ED6673FFF0FFEFFF13F813E68A7FCE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227585/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="483" targetBox="[186,1395,193,1924]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="812D36FBFFF0FFEFFF13F813E68A7FCE" blockId="5.[151,1436,1950,2003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="483">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF0FFEFFF13F813E4537FAE" bold="true" box="[151,276,1950,1972]" pageId="5" pageNumber="483">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF0FFEFFE98F813E7497FA9" box="[284,526,1950,1972]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albipalpebrata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF0FFEFFE98F813E7497FA9" box="[284,526,1950,1972]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="483">Gnathia albipalpebrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A8D55792FFF0FFEFFD92F812E7167FA9" box="[534,593,1951,1972]" pageId="5" pageNumber="483" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF0FFEFFD92F812E7167FA9" bold="true" box="[534,593,1951,1972]" pageId="5" pageNumber="483">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, paratype, female adult (NSMT Cr-22966, total length, 7.8 mm): A, body, dorsal view; B, frontal border, dorsal view; C, pleotelson, dorsal view. P1 = pereonite 1.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="D5ED6673FFF3FFECFF13F82CE1587FE9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227586/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="484" targetBox="[186,1401,193,1926]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="812D36FBFFF3FFECFF13F82CE1587FE9" blockId="6.[151,1436,1953,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="484">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF3FFECFF13F82CE4557FAB" bold="true" box="[151,274,1953,1975]" pageId="6" pageNumber="484">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF3FFECFE9CF82CE74F7FAA" box="[280,520,1953,1975]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="484" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albipalpebrata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF3FFECFE9CF82CE74F7FAA" box="[280,520,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="484">Gnathia albipalpebrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A8D55792FFF3FFECFD89F82CE7017FAB" box="[525,582,1953,1974]" pageId="6" pageNumber="484" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF3FFECFD89F82CE7017FAB" bold="true" box="[525,582,1953,1974]" pageId="6" pageNumber="484">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, paratype, third-stage larva (NSMT Cr-33966, total length, 8.4 mm); A, body, dorsal view; B, head, dorsal view; C, pleotelson, dorsal view; D, right 
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF3FFECFCC0F832E6ED7FC8" box="[836,938,1983,2005]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Euantennariaceae" genus="Antennula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Capnodiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="498" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">antennula</taxonomicName>
; E, left antenna; F, mandible; G, paragnath; H, maxillula; I, maxilliped; J, pereopod 1; K, left pereopod 2; L, left pleopod 2. En = endite.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="812D36FBFFF2FFEDFF43FF1AE5AC7A20" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFF43FF1AE47478AD" box="[199,307,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">Mandible</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="19A92A7EFFF2FFEDFEC3FF1AE4D778AD" box="[327,400,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[186,1401,193,1926]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[186,1401,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp., paratype, third-stage larva (NSMT Cr- 33966, total length, 8.4 mm); A, body, dorsal view; B, head, dorsal view; C, pleotelson, dorsal view; D, right antennula; E, left antenna; F, mandible; G, paragnath; H, maxillula; I, maxilliped; J, pereopod 1; K, left pereopod 2; L, left pleopod 2. En = endite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227586/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
F) with 8 teeth. 
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFDDFFF1AE79478AD" box="[603,723,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">Paragnath</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="19A92A7EFFF2FFEDFD6CFF1AE67678AD" box="[744,817,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[186,1401,193,1926]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[186,1401,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp., paratype, third-stage larva (NSMT Cr- 33966, total length, 8.4 mm); A, body, dorsal view; B, head, dorsal view; C, pleotelson, dorsal view; D, right antennula; E, left antenna; F, mandible; G, paragnath; H, maxillula; I, maxilliped; J, pereopod 1; K, left pereopod 2; L, left pleopod 2. En = endite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227586/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
G) slightly curve. 
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFB8BFF1AE13B78AD" box="[1039,1148,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">Maxillula</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="19A92A7EFFF2FFEDFB15FF1AE19E78AD" box="[1169,1241,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[186,1395,193,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[186,1400,193,1929]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp., paratype, female adult (NSMT Cr- 22966, total length, 7.8 mm): A, body, dorsal view; B, frontal border, dorsal view; C, pleotelson, dorsal view. P 1 = pereonite 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227585/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
H) with 7 teeth. 
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFF13FF31E45678C8" box="[151,273,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">Maxilliped</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="19A92A7EFFF2FFEDFEA7FF31E43278C9" box="[291,373,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[186,1401,193,1926]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[186,1401,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp., paratype, third-stage larva (NSMT Cr- 33966, total length, 8.4 mm); A, body, dorsal view; B, head, dorsal view; C, pleotelson, dorsal view; D, right antennula; E, left antenna; F, mandible; G, paragnath; H, maxillula; I, maxilliped; J, pereopod 1; K, left pereopod 2; L, left pleopod 2. En = endite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227586/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">
Figs. 
<date id="F52C103BFFF2FFEDFEE1FF31E43278C9" box="[357,373,188,212]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">4</date>
</figureCitation>
I, 13A, B) composed with 2 basal and 2 palp articles. Basal article 1 lacks pectinate scales. Basal article 2 with coupling hook near elongated endite. Palp article 1 with long seta near basis and 3 teeth on tip. Palp article 2 bifurcate; external part with 4 setae and 1 spine, and inner part with 2 teeth and 1 seta. 
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFA9EFE89E0DB7901" box="[1306,1436,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">Pereopod 1</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="19A92A7EFFF2FFEDFF1BFEAAE5A3795D" box="[159,228,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[186,1401,193,1926]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[186,1401,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp., paratype, third-stage larva (NSMT Cr- 33966, total length, 8.4 mm); A, body, dorsal view; B, head, dorsal view; C, pleotelson, dorsal view; D, right antennula; E, left antenna; F, mandible; G, paragnath; H, maxillula; I, maxilliped; J, pereopod 1; K, left pereopod 2; L, left pleopod 2. En = endite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227586/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
J) with distinct spine on distal margin of ischium. Carpus reduced, triangular with 1 small seta. Propodus with 1 seta on distal margin. Dactylus strongly curved. 
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFD79FEC1E6337978" box="[765,884,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">Pereopods</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="19A92A7EFFF2FFEDFC07FEC1E6837979" box="[899,964,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[186,1401,193,1926]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[186,1401,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp., paratype, third-stage larva (NSMT Cr- 33966, total length, 8.4 mm); A, body, dorsal view; B, head, dorsal view; C, pleotelson, dorsal view; D, right antennula; E, left antenna; F, mandible; G, paragnath; H, maxillula; I, maxilliped; J, pereopod 1; K, left pereopod 2; L, left pleopod 2. En = endite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227586/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
K) with fewer setae and more slender than those of male adult. Two denticulate compound setae on distal margin of carpus. Propodus of pereopods 5 and 6 longer than that of pereopods 2–4. 
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFD9EFE19E7CC79B1" box="[538,651,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">Pleopod 2</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="19A92A7EFFF2FFEDFD1EFE19E79B79B1" box="[666,732,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[186,1401,193,1926]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[186,1401,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp., paratype, third-stage larva (NSMT Cr- 33966, total length, 8.4 mm); A, body, dorsal view; B, head, dorsal view; C, pleotelson, dorsal view; D, right antennula; E, left antenna; F, mandible; G, paragnath; H, maxillula; I, maxilliped; J, pereopod 1; K, left pereopod 2; L, left pleopod 2. En = endite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227586/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
L) with fan-shaped rami. Both rami fringed with setae. Eight or 9 plumose setae on exopod. Seven and 8 plumose setae on endopod. 
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFC35FE3AE11D79CD" box="[945,1114,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">Uropodal rami</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="19A92A7EFFF2FFEDFBE8FE3AE1F679CD" box="[1132,1201,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[186,1401,193,1926]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[186,1401,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Gnathia albipalpebrata n. sp., paratype, third-stage larva (NSMT Cr- 33966, total length, 8.4 mm); A, body, dorsal view; B, head, dorsal view; C, pleotelson, dorsal view; D, right antennula; E, left antenna; F, mandible; G, paragnath; H, maxillula; I, maxilliped; J, pereopod 1; K, left pereopod 2; L, left pleopod 2. En = endite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227586/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
C) not reach apex of pleotelson. Exopod with 6 setae and 4 plumose setae. Endopod with 3 setae and 6 plumose setae. Plumose setae of pleopodal and uropodal rami more developed than those of adults; each seta longer and densely fringed with fine setules.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C9886570FFF2FFEDFF43FDCAE1357A98" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="812D36FBFFF2FFEDFF43FDCAE1357A98" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFF43FDCAE4097A7D" bold="true" box="[199,334,583,608]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific name 
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF2FFEDFDB1FDCAE79C7A7D" box="[565,731,583,608]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albipalpebrata">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFDB1FDCAE79C7A7D" box="[565,731,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">albipalpebrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is derived from the Latin meaning “white (= 
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFB71FDCAE0667A7D" box="[1269,1313,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">albi</emphasis>
) eyelid (= 
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFF13FDE1E4557A98" box="[151,274,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">palpebrata</emphasis>
)”, referring to inner margins of eyes fringed with white distinct line of larva.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C9886570FFF2FFE2FF43FD02E1667979" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="486" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="812D36FBFFF2FFEDFF43FD02E6C77C29" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFF43FD02E47C7AB5" bold="true" box="[199,315,655,680]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">Remarks.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFEC6FD02E4E27AB5" box="[322,421,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF2FFEDFEC6FD02E4E67AB5" box="[322,417,655,680]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gnathia</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
with more than 100 species, has the highest number of species of any genus in the family (
<bibRefCitation id="E5034B0AFFF2FFEDFF1AFD39E4C57AD1" author="Schotte" box="[158,386,692,717]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" refString="Schotte, M., Boyko, C., Bruce, N. L., Poore, G. C. B., Taiti, S. &amp; Wilson, G. D. F. (Eds.) (2008 onwards) Isopoda statistics. World Marine, Fresh- water and Terrestrial Isopod Crustaceans. http: // www. marine species. org / isopoda / (Accessed 15 Feb 2013)" type="journal article" year="2008">
Schotte 
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFE84FD38E4717AD0" box="[256,310,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">et al</emphasis>
. 2008
</bibRefCitation>
onward). Seven new species have been recently collected from elasmobranch hosts and described. They have distinctive characters compared with other 
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF2FFEDFCFCFD5AE6937AED" box="[888,980,727,752]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFCFCFD5AE6937AED" box="[888,980,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">Gnathia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. These seven species have large bodies: 
<quantity id="466A9B1EFFF2FFEDFF75FD71E43D7B09" box="[241,378,764,789]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.1" metricValueMin="4.9" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.1" valueMin="4.9">4.9–6.1 mm</quantity>
in 
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF2FFEDFE27FD71E6C17B09" authority="Smit &amp; Basson, 2002" authorityName="Smit &amp; Basson" authorityYear="2002" box="[419,902,764,789]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pantherina">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFE27FD71E7C47B08" box="[419,643,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">Gnathia pantherina</emphasis>
Smit &amp; Basson, 2002
</taxonomicName>
; 
<quantity id="466A9B1EFFF2FFEDFC10FD71E6AB7B09" box="[916,1004,764,789]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" unit="mm" value="7.6">7.6 mm</quantity>
in 
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF2FFEDFB90FD70E5947B25" authority="Nunomura &amp; Honma, 2004" authorityName="Nunomura &amp; Honma" authorityYear="2004" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capillata">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFB90FD70E1DE7B08" box="[1044,1177,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">G. capillata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E5034B0AFFF2FFEDFB26FD70E5947B25" author="Nunomura" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" refString="Nunomura, N. &amp; Honma, Y. (2004) Gnathia capillata, a new species of the genus Gnathia (Crustacea, Isopoda) from Sado Island, the Sea of Japan. Contribution from the Biological Laboratory, Kyoto University, 29, 343 - 349." type="journal article" year="2004">Nunomura &amp; Honma, 2004</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<quantity id="466A9B1EFFF2FFEDFF59FC92E4237B2A" box="[221,356,799,824]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.3" metricValueMin="5.7" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="8.3" valueMin="5.7">5.7–8.3 mm</quantity>
in 
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF2FFEDFE02FCADE6987B25" authority="Coetzee, Smit, Grutter &amp; Davies, 2008" authorityName="Coetzee, Smit, Grutter &amp; Davies" authorityYear="2008" box="[390,991,799,824]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandilaris">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFE02FCADE7647B25" box="[390,547,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">G. grandilaris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E5034B0AFFF2FFEDFDAEFCADE6987B25" author="Coetzee" box="[554,991,799,824]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" refString="Coetzee, M. L., Smit, N. J., Grutter, A. S. &amp; Davies, A. J. (2008) A new gnathiid (Crustacea, Isopoda) parasitizing two species of requiem sharks from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Journal of Parasitology, 94 (3), 608 - 615. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1645 / GE- 1391.1" type="journal article" year="2008">Coetzee, Smit, Grutter &amp; Davies, 2008</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 4.0– 
<quantity id="466A9B1EFFF2FFEDFB9FFC92E1367B2A" box="[1051,1137,799,824]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" unit="mm" value="5.4">5.4 mm</quantity>
in 
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF2FFEDFB17FCADE4AF7B41" authority="Coetzee, Smit, Grutter &amp; Davies, 2009" authorityName="Coetzee, Smit, Grutter &amp; Davies" authorityYear="2009" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trimaculata">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFB17FCADE0737B25" box="[1171,1332,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">G. trimaculata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E5034B0AFFF2FFEDFABEFCADE4AF7B41" author="Coetzee" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" refString="Coetzee, M. L., Smit, N. J., Grutter, A. S. &amp; Davies, A. J. (2009) Gnathia trimaculata n. sp. (Crustacea: Isopoda: Gnathiidae), an ectoparasite found parasitising requiem sharks from off Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Systematic Parasitology, 72, 97 - 112. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11230 - 008 - 9158 - 2" type="journal article" year="2009">Coetzee, Smit, Grutter &amp; Davies, 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<quantity id="466A9B1EFFF2FFEDFE70FCC9E73B7B41" box="[500,636,836,861]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.85" metricValueMax="5.8" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" unit="mm" value="4.85" valueMax="5.8" valueMin="3.9">3.9–5.8 mm</quantity>
in 
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFD24FCC8E66F7B41" box="[672,808,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">G. m a c u l o s a</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E5034B0AFFF2FFEDFCB7FCC9E1657B41" author="Ota" box="[819,1058,836,861]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" refString="Ota, Y. &amp; Hirose, E. (2009 a) Description of Gnathia maculosa and a new record of Gnathia trimaculata (Crustacea, Isopoda, Gnathiidae), ectoparasites of elasmobranchs from Okinawan coastal waters. Zootaxa, 2114, 50 - 60." type="journal article" year="2009" yearSuffix="a">Ota &amp; Hirose, 2009a</bibRefCitation>
; 9.0–10.0 mm in 
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF2FFEDFB63FCC8E47D7B9D" authority="Ota &amp; Hirose, 2009" authorityName="Ota &amp; Hirose" authorityYear="2009" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nubila">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFB63FCC8E0097B40" box="[1255,1358,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">G. nubila</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E5034B0AFFF2FFEDFAD2FCC9E47D7B9D" author="Ota" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" refString="Ota, Y. &amp; Hirose, E. (2009 b) Gnathia nubila n. sp. and a new record of Gnathia grandilaris (Crustacea, Isopoda, Gnathiidae) that parasitizes elasmobranchs from Okinawan coastal waters, Japan. Zootaxa, 2238, 43 - 55." type="journal article" year="2009" yearSuffix="b">Ota &amp; Hirose, 2009b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; and 
<quantity id="466A9B1EFFF2FFEDFEF3FCEAE7477B62" box="[375,512,871,896]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.75" metricValueMax="8.7" metricValueMin="6.8" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" unit="mm" value="7.75" valueMax="8.7" valueMin="6.8">6.8–8.7 mm</quantity>
in 
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF2FFEDFDA1FCE5E6727B9D" authority="Ota, 2011" authorityName="Ota" authorityYear="2011" box="[549,821,871,896]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="teruyukiae">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFDA1FCE5E7FC7B9D" box="[549,699,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">G. teruyukiae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E5034B0AFFF2FFEDFD40FCE5E6727B9D" author="Ota" box="[708,821,872,896]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" refString="Ota, Y. (2011) A New Species of the Gnathiid Isopod, Gnathia teruyukiae (Crustacea: Malacostraca), from Japan, Parasitizing elasmobranch fish. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Series A, Supplement, 5, 41 - 51." type="journal article" year="2011">Ota, 2011</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, whereas most other 
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF2FFEDFBA2FCEAE1C57B9D" box="[1062,1154,871,896]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFBA2FCEAE1C57B9D" box="[1062,1154,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">Gnathia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species do not reach 4.0 mm in body length (
<bibRefCitation id="E5034B0AFFF2FFEDFEFDFC01E7487BB8" author="Monod" box="[377,527,908,933]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" refString="Monod, T. (1926) Les Gnathiidae. Memories de la Societe des Sciences Naturelles du Maroc, 13, 1 - 668." type="journal article" year="1926">Monod 1926</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="E5034B0AFFF2FFEDFD9DFC01E67C7BB9" author="Holdich" box="[537,827,908,933]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" refString="Holdich, D. M. &amp; Harrison, K. (1980) The crustacean isopod genus Gnathia Leach from Queensland waters with descriptions of nine new species. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 31, 215 - 240. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1071 / MF 9800215" type="journal article" year="1980">Holdich &amp; Harrison 1980</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="E5034B0AFFF2FFEDFCC3FC01E1377BB9" author="Svavarsson" box="[839,1136,908,932]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" refString="Svavarsson, J. &amp; Bruce, N. L. (2012) New and little-known gnathiid isopod crustaceans (Cymothoida) from the northern Great Barrier Reef and the Coral Sea. Zootaxa, 3380, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="2012">Svavarsson &amp; Bruce 2012</bibRefCitation>
). Except 
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF2FFEDFB53FC00E02B7BB8" box="[1239,1388,908,933]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="teruyukiae">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFB53FC00E02B7BB8" box="[1239,1388,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">G. teruyukiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the body surfaces of the remaining six species are covered with long setae and the anterior parts of their bodies are covered with tubercles. Except 
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF2FFEDFE7CFC58E73C7BF0" box="[504,635,980,1005]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capillata">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFE7CFC58E73C7BF0" box="[504,635,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">G. capillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the exopods on the uropods of the remaining six species possess more than 11 setae, while other 
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF2FFEDFE48FC7AE76F7C0D" box="[460,552,1015,1040]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFE48FC7AE76F7C0D" box="[460,552,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">Gnathia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species have &lt;10 setae (Smit &amp; Basson 2002; 
<bibRefCitation id="E5034B0AFFF2FFEDFBD9FC75E0D07C0D" author="Nunomura" box="[1117,1431,1016,1040]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" refString="Nunomura, N. &amp; Honma, Y. (2004) Gnathia capillata, a new species of the genus Gnathia (Crustacea, Isopoda) from Sado Island, the Sea of Japan. Contribution from the Biological Laboratory, Kyoto University, 29, 343 - 349." type="journal article" year="2004">Nunomura &amp; Honma 2004</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="E5034B0AFFF2FFEDFF13FB91E4357C29" author="Coetzee" box="[151,370,1052,1077]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" refString="Coetzee, M. L., Smit, N. J., Grutter, A. S. &amp; Davies, A. J. (2008) A new gnathiid (Crustacea, Isopoda) parasitizing two species of requiem sharks from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Journal of Parasitology, 94 (3), 608 - 615. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1645 / GE- 1391.1" type="journal article" year="2008">
Coetzee 
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFF7CFB90E46E7C28" box="[248,297,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">et al</emphasis>
. 2008
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="E5034B0AFFF2FFEDFEF9FB91E4FE7C29" author="Coetzee" box="[381,441,1052,1076]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" refString="Coetzee, M. L., Smit, N. J., Grutter, A. S. &amp; Davies, A. J. (2009) Gnathia trimaculata n. sp. (Crustacea: Isopoda: Gnathiidae), an ectoparasite found parasitising requiem sharks from off Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Systematic Parasitology, 72, 97 - 112. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11230 - 008 - 9158 - 2" type="journal article" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="E5034B0AFFF2FFEDFE40FB91E7EE7C29" author="Ota" box="[452,681,1052,1077]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" refString="Ota, Y. &amp; Hirose, E. (2009 a) Description of Gnathia maculosa and a new record of Gnathia trimaculata (Crustacea, Isopoda, Gnathiidae), ectoparasites of elasmobranchs from Okinawan coastal waters. Zootaxa, 2114, 50 - 60." type="journal article" year="2009" yearSuffix="a">Ota &amp; Hirose 2009a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="E5034B0AFFF2FFEDFD30FB91E7BA7C28" author="Hirose" box="[692,765,1052,1077]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" refString="Ota, Y. &amp; Hirose, E. (2009 b) Gnathia nubila n. sp. and a new record of Gnathia grandilaris (Crustacea, Isopoda, Gnathiidae) that parasitizes elasmobranchs from Okinawan coastal waters, Japan. Zootaxa, 2238, 43 - 55." type="journal article" year="2009" yearSuffix="b">2009b</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="E5034B0AFFF2FFEDFC8DFB91E6347C29" author="Ota" box="[777,883,1052,1076]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" refString="Ota, Y. (2011) A New Species of the Gnathiid Isopod, Gnathia teruyukiae (Crustacea: Malacostraca), from Japan, Parasitizing elasmobranch fish. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Series A, Supplement, 5, 41 - 51." type="journal article" year="2011">Ota 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="812D36FBFFF2FFEDFF43FBB2E49D7DF8" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF2FFEDFF43FBB2E4947C45" box="[199,467,1087,1112]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albipalpebrata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFF43FBB2E4947C45" box="[199,467,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">Gnathia albipalpebrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A8D55792FFF2FFEDFE5FFBB2E75B7C45" box="[475,540,1087,1112]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFE5FFBB2E75B7C45" bold="true" box="[475,540,1087,1112]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is distinguished from other 
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF2FFEDFCE6FBB2E6F97C45" box="[866,958,1087,1112]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFCE6FBB2E6F97C45" box="[866,958,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">Gnathia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species by a large body size (&gt; 9.0 mm), entire body bearing long setae, heads and pereonites 1–3 with tubercles, round mediofrontal process, frontolateral processes, slender pleotelson bearing several setae on the lateral margin, and&gt; 10 setae on the uropodal rami. 
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF2FFEDFF13FB21E4E67CD8" box="[151,417,1196,1221]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albipalpebrata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFF13FB21E4E67CD8" box="[151,417,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">Gnathia albipalpebrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A8D55792FFF2FFEDFE2EFB21E4AD7CD8" box="[426,490,1196,1221]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFE2EFB21E4AD7CD8" bold="true" box="[426,490,1196,1221]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is most similar to 
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF2FFEDFD44FB21E6FE7CD9" box="[704,953,1196,1221]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvirostrata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFD44FB21E6FE7CD9" box="[704,953,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">Gnathia parvirostrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A8D55792FFF2FFEDFC45FB21E1467CD8" box="[961,1025,1196,1221]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFC45FB21E1467CD8" bold="true" box="[961,1025,1196,1221]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
because frontal borders of them are almost straight, 5 frontal processes on frontal border are visible in dorsal margin, pleotelson shapes are slender triangular, and pylopods of them are almost same shapes. However, 
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF2FFEDFC13FB78E10D7D11" box="[919,1098,1269,1292]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvirostrata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFC13FB78E10D7D11" box="[919,1098,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">G. parvirostrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A8D55792FFF2FFEDFBD6FB79E1D67D10" box="[1106,1169,1268,1293]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFBD6FB79E1D67D10" bold="true" box="[1106,1169,1268,1293]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
has slenderer body and has smaller head than 
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF2FFEDFE0BFA95E7137D2D" box="[399,596,1303,1328]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albipalpebrata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFE0BFA95E7137D2D" box="[399,596,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">G. albipalpebrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A8D55792FFF2FFEDFDDFFA9AE7DD7D2D" box="[603,666,1303,1328]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFDDFFA9AE7DD7D2D" bold="true" box="[603,666,1303,1328]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
Head length (from the base of the antenna to the posterior margin of the head), excluding the mandibles (from the base of the antenna to the apex of the pleotelson), is 1.9–2.2 (average ± SD = 2.0 ± 0.2, n = 2) times the body length in 
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF2FFEDFD32FAEDE62E7D65" box="[694,873,1376,1400]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvirostrata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFD32FAEDE62E7D65" box="[694,873,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">G. parvirostrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A8D55792FFF2FFEDFCEBFAD2E6EA7D65" box="[879,941,1375,1400]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFCEBFAD2E6EA7D65" bold="true" box="[879,941,1375,1400]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
but 1.9–2.6 (2.2 ± 0.2, n = 7) times the body length in the present species. The average head width (maximum width of head) is 2.8–3.0 (3.0 ± 0.1, n = 2) times the body length, excluding the mandibles, in 
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF2FFEDFD1DFA25E60A7DDD" box="[665,845,1448,1472]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvirostrata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFD1DFA25E60A7DDD" box="[665,845,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">G. parvirostrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A8D55792FFF2FFEDFCD2FA2AE6D17DDD" box="[854,918,1447,1472]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFCD2FA2AE6D17DDD" bold="true" box="[854,918,1447,1472]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
but 3.0–3.6 (3.3 ± 0.2, n = 7) times the body length in the present species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="812D36FBFFF2FFEDFF43FA62E67F7F50" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">
The morphology of female adult has been described in 33 
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF2FFEDFC07FA62E6987E15" box="[899,991,1519,1544]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFC07FA62E6987E15" box="[899,991,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">Gnathia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. Recent papers provide detail descriptions with drawings of appendages (e.g. Smit 
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFD72F998E66D7E30" box="[758,810,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">et al</emphasis>
. 2002; 
<bibRefCitation id="E5034B0AFFF2FFEDFC06F999E1297E31" author="Ota" box="[898,1134,1556,1581]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" refString="Ota, Y. &amp; Hirose, E. (2009 a) Description of Gnathia maculosa and a new record of Gnathia trimaculata (Crustacea, Isopoda, Gnathiidae), ectoparasites of elasmobranchs from Okinawan coastal waters. Zootaxa, 2114, 50 - 60." type="journal article" year="2009" yearSuffix="a">Ota &amp; Hirose 2009a</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="E5034B0AFFF2FFEDFBF8F999E0D67E31" author="Farquharson" box="[1148,1425,1556,1581]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" refString="Farquharson, C., Smit, N. J. &amp; Sikkel, P. C. (2012) Gnathia marleyi sp. nov. (Crustacea, Isopoda, Gnathiidae) from the Eastern Caribbean. Zootaxa, 3381, 47 - 61." type="journal article" year="2012">
Farquharson 
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFA94F998E0057E30" box="[1296,1346,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">et al</emphasis>
. 2012
</bibRefCitation>
). Female adult of 
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF2FFEDFECAF9B5E7557E4D" box="[334,530,1591,1616]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albipalpebrata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFECAF9B5E7557E4D" box="[334,530,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">G. albipalpebrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A8D55792FFF2FFEDFD9EF9BAE71E7E4D" box="[538,601,1591,1616]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFD9EF9BAE71E7E4D" bold="true" box="[538,601,1591,1616]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
had slightly concave frontal border, was scarcely covered with long setae, and had narrow pleotelson. These characters are well correspond with female adults of 
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF2FFEDFBE2F9D0E1B77E68" box="[1126,1264,1628,1653]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculosa">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFBE2F9D0E1B77E68" box="[1126,1264,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">G. maculosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFB7AF9D0E4507E85" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF2FFEDFB7AF9D0E0217E68" box="[1278,1382,1628,1653]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nubila">G. nubila</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF2FFEDFF13F90DE4507E85" box="[151,279,1663,1688]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dejimagi" status="sp. nov.">G. dejimagi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A8D55792FFF2FFEDFE9BF9F2E41A7E85" box="[287,349,1663,1688]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFE9BF9F2E41A7E85" bold="true" box="[287,349,1663,1688]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
However, body length of female adult of 
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF2FFEDFCB0F90DE6F87E85" box="[820,959,1663,1688]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculosa">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFCB0F90DE6F87E85" box="[820,959,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">G. maculosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is 
<quantity id="466A9B1EFFF2FFEDFC5BF9F2E12F7E8A" box="[991,1128,1663,1688]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="4.1" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" unit="mm" value="4.8" valueMax="5.5" valueMin="4.1">4.1–5.5 mm</quantity>
, while 
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF2FFEDFB3DF90DE0387E85" box="[1209,1407,1663,1688]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albipalpebrata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFB3DF90DE0387E85" box="[1209,1407,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">G. albipalpebrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A8D55792FFF2FFEDFA01F9F2E5FF7EA0" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFA01F9F2E5FF7EA0" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is 
<quantity id="466A9B1EFFF2FFEDFF5DF929E4257EA1" box="[217,354,1700,1725]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.699999999999999" metricValueMax="7.8" metricValueMin="7.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" unit="mm" value="7.699999999999999" valueMax="7.8" valueMin="7.6">7.6–7.8 mm</quantity>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF2FFEDFE18F928E7617EA0" box="[412,550,1700,1725]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculosa">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFE18F928E7617EA0" box="[412,550,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">G. maculosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has 8 setae on frontal border, while 
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF2FFEDFC38F928E1C67EA0" box="[956,1153,1700,1725]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albipalpebrata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFC38F928E1C67EA0" box="[956,1153,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">G. albipalpebrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A8D55792FFF2FFEDFB0CF929E1817EA0" box="[1160,1222,1700,1725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFB0CF929E1817EA0" bold="true" box="[1160,1222,1700,1725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
has 3 setae (
<bibRefCitation id="E5034B0AFFF2FFEDFAD1F929E4737EFD" author="Ota" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" refString="Ota, Y. &amp; Hirose, E. (2009 a) Description of Gnathia maculosa and a new record of Gnathia trimaculata (Crustacea, Isopoda, Gnathiidae), ectoparasites of elasmobranchs from Okinawan coastal waters. Zootaxa, 2114, 50 - 60." type="journal article" year="2009" yearSuffix="a">Ota &amp; Hirose 2009a</bibRefCitation>
). Female adult of 
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF2FFEDFD81F945E72A7EFD" box="[517,621,1735,1760]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nubila">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFD81F945E72A7EFD" box="[517,621,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">G. nubila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has 2 spots on frontal border and more than 10 setae presents near the eyes, while 3 setae in 
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF2FFEDFE0FF960E7167F18" box="[395,593,1772,1797]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albipalpebrata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFE0FF960E7167F18" box="[395,593,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">G. albipalpebrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A8D55792FFF2FFEDFDD3F961E7D27F18" box="[599,661,1772,1797]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFDD3F961E7D27F18" bold="true" box="[599,661,1772,1797]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E5034B0AFFF2FFEDFD20F961E6C97F18" author="Ota" box="[676,910,1772,1797]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" refString="Ota, Y. &amp; Hirose, E. (2009 b) Gnathia nubila n. sp. and a new record of Gnathia grandilaris (Crustacea, Isopoda, Gnathiidae) that parasitizes elasmobranchs from Okinawan coastal waters, Japan. Zootaxa, 2238, 43 - 55." type="journal article" year="2009" yearSuffix="b">Ota &amp; Hirose 2009b</bibRefCitation>
). Body length of female adult of 
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF2FFEDFB7AF960E0397F18" box="[1278,1406,1772,1797]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dejimagi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFB7AF960E0397F18" box="[1278,1406,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">G. dejimagi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A8D55792FFF2FFEDFA01F961E5FF7F35" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFA01F961E5FF7F35" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is 9.0 mm, while 
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF2FFEDFE0AF89DE7127F35" box="[398,597,1807,1832]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albipalpebrata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFE0AF89DE7127F35" box="[398,597,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">G. albipalpebrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A8D55792FFF2FFEDFDDBF882E7E67F35" box="[607,673,1807,1832]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFDDBF882E7E67F35" bold="true" box="[607,673,1807,1832]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is 
<quantity id="466A9B1EFFF2FFEDFD43F882E6157F3A" box="[711,850,1807,1832]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.699999999999999" metricValueMax="7.8" metricValueMin="7.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" unit="mm" value="7.699999999999999" valueMax="7.8" valueMin="7.6">7.6–7.8 mm</quantity>
, and pleopodal rami of 
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF2FFEDFBECF89DE1AC7F35" box="[1128,1259,1807,1832]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dejimagi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFBECF89DE1AC7F35" box="[1128,1259,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">G. dejimagi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A8D55792FFF2FFEDFB71F882E0717F35" box="[1269,1334,1807,1832]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFB71F882E0717F35" bold="true" box="[1269,1334,1807,1832]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
are oval shape, while those of 
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFF2FFEDFE0EF8B8E7087F50" box="[394,591,1844,1869]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albipalpebrata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFE0EF8B8E7087F50" box="[394,591,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">G. albipalpebrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFDD2F8B9E7D27F50" bold="true" box="[598,661,1844,1869]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A8D55792FFF2FFEDFDD2F8B9E7D27F50" box="[598,661,1844,1869]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
are fan shape.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="812D36FBFFF2FFE2FF43F8DAE1667979" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="486" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">
The morphology of gnathiid larvae is generally similar in most species but the shape of the head and pleotelson, the number of setae on the uropodal rami, and the number of teeth on the mouthparts is possible interspecific character. Furthermore, some species have distinct pigmentation patterns when living, which are useful for species identification of larvae (
<bibRefCitation id="E5034B0AFFF2FFEDFDF5F849E61C7FC1" author="Smit" box="[625,859,1988,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" refString="Smit, N. J. &amp; Davies, A. J. (2004) The curious life-style of the parasitic stages of gnathiid isopods. Advances in Parasitology, 58, 289 - 391. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0065 - 308 X (04) 58005 - 3" type="journal article" year="2004">Smit &amp; Davies 2004</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="E5034B0AFFF2FFEDFCE3F849E17D7FC1" author="Wilson" box="[871,1082,1988,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="485" refString="Wilson, G. D. F., Sims, C. A. &amp; Grutter, A. S. (2011) Toward a taxonomy of the Gnathiidae (Isopoda) using juveniles: the external anatomy of Gnathia aureamaculosa zuphea stages using scanning electron microscopy. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 31 (3), 509 - 522." type="journal article" year="2011">
Wilson 
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFF2FFEDFC3AF848E6B77FC0" box="[958,1008,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="485">et al</emphasis>
. 2011
</bibRefCitation>
). The third-stage praniza larvae of 
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFFDFFE2FF31FF15E43D78AD" box="[181,378,151,176]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="486" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albipalpebrata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFFDFFE2FF31FF15E58178B2" box="[181,198,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="486">G</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFFDFFE2FF50FF1AE43D78AD" box="[212,378,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="486">albipalpebrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A8D55792FFFDFFE2FE06FF1AE48678AD" box="[386,449,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="486" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFFDFFE2FE06FF1AE48678AD" bold="true" box="[386,449,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="486">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
had white spots on the swollen thorax and distinct white lines fringed the inner margins of the eyes. White spots on a swollen thorax have also been observed in 
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFFDFFE2FC3FFF30E10578C9" box="[955,1090,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="486">G. m a c u l o s a</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFFDFFE2FBFEFF30E06B78C9" box="[1146,1324,189,212]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="486" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvirostrata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFFDFFE2FBFEFF30E06B78C9" box="[1146,1324,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="486">G. parvirostrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A8D55792FFFDFFE2FAB7FF31E03578C8" box="[1331,1394,188,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="486" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFFDFFE2FAB7FF31E03578C8" bold="true" box="[1331,1394,188,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="486">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
but the spots had a stronger contrast in the present species. 
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFFDFFE2FC85FF52E14D78E5" box="[769,1034,223,248]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="486" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albipalpebrata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFFDFFE2FC85FF52E14D78E5" box="[769,1034,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="486">Gnathia albipalpebrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A8D55792FFFDFFE2FB95FF52E10878E5" box="[1041,1103,223,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="486" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFFDFFE2FB95FF52E10878E5" bold="true" box="[1041,1103,223,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="486">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
was distinguished from other species on the basis of the pleotelson, which was slightly convex with a smooth lateral margin, while its apex had two spines. This pleotelson shape was most similar to the pleotelson shape of 
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFFDFFE2FC72FEA5E1CD795D" box="[1014,1162,295,320]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="486" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="teruyukiae">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFFDFFE2FC72FEA5E1CD795D" box="[1014,1162,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="486">G. teruyukiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, although the pleotelson of 
<taxonomicName id="46924D78FFFDFFE2FF31FEC0E40D7978" box="[181,330,332,357]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="486" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="teruyukiae">
<emphasis id="B3E6EAE9FFFDFFE2FF31FEC0E40D7978" box="[181,330,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="486">G. teruyukiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is shorter and the two spines on the apex are smaller (
<bibRefCitation id="E5034B0AFFFDFFE2FC2CFEC1E1527979" author="Ota" box="[936,1045,332,356]" pageId="8" pageNumber="486" refString="Ota, Y. (2011) A New Species of the Gnathiid Isopod, Gnathia teruyukiae (Crustacea: Malacostraca), from Japan, Parasitizing elasmobranch fish. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Series A, Supplement, 5, 41 - 51." type="journal article" year="2011">Ota 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>