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<document id="13ADF6B02176032CB3CD1585B29EF02E" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.158237" ID-GBIF-Dataset="19cf13dc-ccff-48cd-bd4f-c5d3f2593c96" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="158237" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461036139229" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="González, Jorge M. &amp; Cock, Matthew J. W." docDate="2004" docId="03BA87FEFFED4559FE85F9385643FA88" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00762.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 762" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Haemonides cronis subsp. cronis Cramer 1775" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="FF83FF86FFE8455FFF8DFF94547BFFE6" masterDocTitle="A synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Trinidad and Tobago" masterLastPageNumber="19" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1698574733341" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="9AA6AF902660AA1C34B4629FFE2B6E46">A synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Trinidad and Tobago</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FC66ED270980AD0775CC09EBE10B5914">González, Jorge M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1A748573AD7464373E02C4263D494448">Cock, Matthew J. W.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03BA87FEFFED4559FE85F9385643FA88" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6271430" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119609004" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6271430" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA87FEFFED4559FE85F9385643FA88" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BA87FEFFED4559FE85F9385643FA88" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<subSubSection id="C3096563FFED455AFE85F938571DF920" box="[264,870,1708,1734]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAC36E8FFED455AFE85F938571DF920" blockId="5.[264,870,1708,1734]" box="[264,870,1708,1734]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<heading id="D0E48184FFED455AFE85F938571DF920" bold="true" box="[264,870,1708,1734]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFED455AFE85F938571DF920" bold="true" box="[264,870,1708,1734]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C134D6BFFED455AFE85F938577FF920" ID-CoL="3J956" authority="Cramer 1775" authorityName="Cramer" authorityYear="1775" box="[264,772,1708,1734]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Haemonides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="cronis" subSpecies="cronis">
<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFED455AFE85F938563FF920" bold="true" box="[264,580,1708,1734]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Haemonides cronis cronis</emphasis>
(Cramer 1775)
</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 6)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3096563FFED455AFE85F9635685F8B5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BAC36E8FFED455AFE85F9635699F8D6" blockId="5.[264,942,1782,1875]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C134D6BFFED455AFE85F96356E4F8EB" ID-CoL="5HKY6" authority="Lathy 1923" authorityName="Lathy" authorityYear="1923" box="[264,671,1782,1806]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Haemonides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="cronis" subSpecies="urichi">
<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFED455AFE85F9635667F8E8" box="[264,540,1783,1806]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Haemonides cronis urichi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFED455AFDAEF96256E4F8EB" author="Lathy" box="[547,671,1782,1805]" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" refString="Lathy, P. I. (1923) Further notes on the Castniinae in the collection of Madame Gaston Fournier (Lepidoptera). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9, 12 (68), 223 - 227." type="journal article" year="1923">Lathy 1923</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2545781FFED455AFD27F9625776F8E8" box="[682,781,1782,1806]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFED455AFD27F9625776F8E8" bold="true" box="[682,781,1782,1806]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">syn. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFED455AFC96F96257D1F8EB" author="Lathy" box="[795,938,1782,1805]" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" refString="Lathy, P. I. (1923) Further notes on the Castniinae in the collection of Madame Gaston Fournier (Lepidoptera). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9, 12 (68), 223 - 227." type="journal article" year="1923">Lathy (1923)</bibRefCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C134D6BFFED455AFE85F88E563EF8D6" authority="Lathy" authorityName="Lathy" box="[264,581,1817,1841]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="cronis" subSpecies="urichi">
<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFED455AFE85F88E5591F8D7" box="[264,490,1818,1841]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Castnia cronis urichi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFED455AFE75F88D563EF8D6" box="[504,581,1817,1840]" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" refString="Lathy, P. I. (1925) The Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Trinidad and Tobago. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9, 16, 242 - 243." type="journal article">Lathy)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: Lathy (1925).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC36E8FFED455AFE85F8A85685F8B5" blockId="5.[264,942,1782,1875]" box="[264,766,1852,1875]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C134D6BFFED455AFE85F8A855CFF8B5" ID-CoL="967HV" box="[264,436,1852,1875]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cronida">
<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFED455AFE85F8A855CFF8B5" box="[264,436,1852,1875]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Castnia cronida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
auct.:
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFED455AFE71F8A85681F8B5" author="Kaye" box="[508,762,1852,1875]" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" refString="Kaye, W. J., Lamont, N. (1927) A catalogue of the Trinidad Lepidoptera Heterocera (Moths). Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture of Trinidad and Tobago, 3, 1 - 144." type="journal article" year="1927">Kaye &amp; Lamont (1927)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3096563FFEE4559FE85FE885643FA88" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAC36E8FFEE4559FE85FE88517EFE30" blockId="6.[264,1325,284,1390]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Bromeliads (
<taxonomicName id="4C134D6BFFEE4559FE28FE885631FED0" box="[421,586,284,310]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Bromeliaceae</taxonomicName>
) are listed as the primary host for the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C134D6BFFEE4559FB15FE885150FED3" box="[1176,1323,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Haemonides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFEE4559FB15FE885150FED3" box="[1176,1323,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Haemonides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEE4559FE9DFED055DFFEB8" author="Miller" box="[272,420,324,350]" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The taxonomy, phylogeny, and zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Castnioidea: Castniidae). Ph. D. thesis. University of Florida, Gainesville, USA, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">Miller 1986</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEE4559FE3EFED05646FEB8" author="Moss" box="[435,573,324,350]" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" refString="Moss, A. M. (1945) The Castnia of Para, with notes on others (Lep. Castniidae). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B), 14, 48 - 52." type="journal article" year="1945">Moss 1945</bibRefCitation>
). However, larvae have been found feeding on several orchid genera (
<taxonomicName id="4C134D6BFFEE4559FEEBFEF85587FE60" box="[358,508,364,390]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Orchidaceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEE4559FD99FEF856B0FE60" author="Gonzalez" box="[532,715,364,390]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" refString="Gonzalez, J. M. (1998). Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) de Venezuela. IV: El genero Haemonides. Boletin del Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas (Maracaibo), 32 (3), 195 - 201." type="journal article" year="1998">González 1998</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEE4559FD55FEF850FAFE60" author="Gonzalez" box="[728,1153,364,390]" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" refString="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Fernandez Yepez, F. (1993) Lista preliminar de las especies de Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) del Parque nacional &quot; Henri Pittier &quot;, Venezuela. Diagnosis y comentarios. Memoria de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle, 53 (139), 47 - 53." type="journal article" year="1993">González &amp; Fernández Yépez 1993</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEE4559FB03FEF85165FE60" author="Miller" box="[1166,1310,364,390]" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The taxonomy, phylogeny, and zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Castnioidea: Castniidae). Ph. D. thesis. University of Florida, Gainesville, USA, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">Miller 1986</bibRefCitation>
). This species appears to be active from mid morning to early afternoon hours (
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEE4559FB37FE00553DFE30" author="Gonzalez" pageId="6" pageNumber="15" refString="Gonzalez, J. M. (1998). Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) de Venezuela. IV: El genero Haemonides. Boletin del Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas (Maracaibo), 32 (3), 195 - 201." type="journal article" year="1998">González 1998</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEE4559FEDFFE285599FE30" author="Miller" box="[338,482,444,470]" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The taxonomy, phylogeny, and zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Castnioidea: Castniidae). Ph. D. thesis. University of Florida, Gainesville, USA, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">Miller 1986</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEE4559FE7BFE2856D0FE30" author="Romero" box="[502,683,444,470]" pageId="6" pageNumber="17" refString="Romero M. F. (1997) Adultos de Haemonides cronis (Cramer) (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) en flores de Warscewiczia sp. (Rubiaceae). Boletin de Entomologia Venezolana (N. S.), 12, 123." type="journal article" year="1997">Romero (1997)</bibRefCitation>
observed adults feeding between
<date id="FFAD1028FFEE4559FBB4FE285093FE30" box="[1081,1256,444,470]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1320" valueMax="1430">1320 and 1430</date>
h.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC36E8FFEE4559FEB5FE7055AAFC38" blockId="6.[264,1325,284,1390]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
It was reported from
<collectingCountry id="F3047678FFEE4559FDCFFE7056DDFE18" box="[578,678,484,510]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEE4559FD57FE705709FE18" author="Lathy" box="[730,882,484,510]" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" refString="Lathy, P. I. (1923) Further notes on the Castniinae in the collection of Madame Gaston Fournier (Lepidoptera). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9, 12 (68), 223 - 227." type="journal article" year="1923">Lathy (1923</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEE4559FC0EFE7057C4FE18" author="Lathy" box="[899,959,484,510]" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" refString="Lathy, P. I. (1925) The Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Trinidad and Tobago. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9, 16, 242 - 243." type="journal article" year="1925">1925</bibRefCitation>
) based on several specimens.
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEE4559FE85FD9855DDFDC0" author="Lathy" box="[264,422,524,550]" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" refString="Lathy, P. I. (1923) Further notes on the Castniinae in the collection of Madame Gaston Fournier (Lepidoptera). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9, 12 (68), 223 - 227." type="journal article" year="1923">Lathy (1923)</bibRefCitation>
described the subspecies
<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFEE4559FD6FFD985753FDC3" box="[738,808,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">urichi</emphasis>
based on a
<collectingCountry id="F3047678FFEE4559FC4DFD98505FFDC0" box="[960,1060,524,550]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
male collected by R. Dick (now in the BMNH). G. Lamas (pers. comm.) believes that most species and subspecies in the genus are based on small color differences and they are all likely to be synonyms of
<taxonomicName id="4C134D6BFFEE4559FEF2FD105597FD7B" box="[383,492,644,669]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cronis">
<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFEE4559FEF2FD105597FD7B" box="[383,492,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">H. cronis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Even though we do not completely agree with Lamas statement, we consider that the morphological differences that led
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEE4559FCFBFD385071FD20" author="Lathy" box="[886,1034,684,710]" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" refString="Lathy, P. I. (1923) Further notes on the Castniinae in the collection of Madame Gaston Fournier (Lepidoptera). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9, 12 (68), 223 - 227." type="journal article" year="1923">Lathy (1923</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEE4559FB95FD38502FFD20" author="Lathy" box="[1048,1108,684,710]" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" refString="Lathy, P. I. (1925) The Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Trinidad and Tobago. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9, 16, 242 - 243." type="journal article" year="1925">1925</bibRefCitation>
) to treat the
<collectingCountry id="F3047678FFEE4559FB62FD385541FD08" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
specimens as
<taxonomicName id="4C134D6BFFEE4559FE65FD40560AFD0B" box="[488,625,724,749]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="cronis" subSpecies="urichi">
<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFEE4559FE65FD40560AFD0B" box="[488,625,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">H. c. urichi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are not sufficient to retain it as a separate subspecies. The ground color of the hindwing of
<collectingCountry id="F3047678FFEE4559FD08FD685692FCF0" box="[645,745,764,790]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
specimens varies from pure white to creamy yellow, the latter color well shown in the
<typeStatus id="54A8884AFFEE4559FD5CFCB05778FCD8" box="[721,771,804,830]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
of
<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFEE4559FCA1FCB05709FCDB" box="[812,882,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">urichi</emphasis>
(Fig. 6). Females usually can be distinguished from males by a continuous, complete black submarginal line on the underside of the hindwing, which is also apparent from above. However, some females have an incomplete submarginal band in the hindwing, formed by nearly isolated black spots, only on the underside.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC36E8FFEE4559FEB5FC78573AFBB0" blockId="6.[264,1325,284,1390]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEE4559FEB5FC78562FFBE0" author="Kaye" box="[312,596,1004,1030]" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" refString="Kaye, W. J., Lamont, N. (1927) A catalogue of the Trinidad Lepidoptera Heterocera (Moths). Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture of Trinidad and Tobago, 3, 1 - 144." type="journal article" year="1927">Kaye &amp; Lamont (1927)</bibRefCitation>
list this species from
<collectingCountry id="F3047678FFEE4559FCEFFC7857BDFBE0" box="[866,966,1004,1030]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
from “near Port of
<collectingCountry id="F3047678FFEE4559FB34FC785087FBE0" box="[1209,1276,1004,1030]" name="Spain" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Spain</collectingCountry>
(R. Dick)”. This record probably refers to the specimens of R. Dick from St. Anns now in the BMNH, including the male
<typeStatus id="54A8884AFFEE4559FDDCFBA856FFFBB0" box="[593,644,1084,1110]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
of
<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFEE4559FD27FBA8568BFBB3" box="[682,752,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">urichi</emphasis>
Lathy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC36E8FFEE4559FEB5FBF05167FB10" blockId="6.[264,1325,284,1390]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
This species is found occasionally on ridgetops and hilltops of the Northern Range (e.g. St. Anns, Lalaja Ridge) and the Central Range (e.g. Brigand Hill). MJWC has noted adults feeding on flowers of chaconia (
<taxonomicName id="4C134D6BFFEE4559FD57FB205790FB2B" box="[730,1003,1204,1229]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Warscewiczia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="coccinea">
<emphasis id="B967EAFAFFEE4559FD57FB205790FB2B" box="[730,1003,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Warscewiczia coccinea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) on Lalaja Ridge.
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B19FFEE4559FB40FB20552CFB10" author="Romero" pageId="6" pageNumber="17" refString="Romero M. F. (1997) Adultos de Haemonides cronis (Cramer) (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) en flores de Warscewiczia sp. (Rubiaceae). Boletin de Entomologia Venezolana (N. S.), 12, 123." type="journal article" year="1997">Romero (1997)</bibRefCitation>
reported adults of this species feeding on flowers of the same genus in
<collectingCountry id="F3047678FFEE4559FB11FB485163FB10" box="[1180,1304,1244,1270]" name="Venezuela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC36E8FFEE4559FEB5FA905643FA88" blockId="6.[264,1325,284,1390]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Material Examined: ST. ANDREW: 1ɗ, Brigand Hill,
<date id="FFAD1028FFEE4559FC68FA905003FAF8" box="[997,1144,1284,1310]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1979-09-04">4 Sep 1979</date>
, M.J.W. Cock (MJWC); 1Ψ, Brigand Hill,
<date id="FFAD1028FFEE4559FDD9FAB85690FAA0" box="[596,747,1324,1350]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1982-04-17">17 Apr 1982</date>
, M.J.W. Cock (MJWC); ST. GEORGE: 4ɗɗ, St. Annes, R.Dick (BMNH).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>