703 lines
84 KiB
XML
703 lines
84 KiB
XML
<document id="487D56AF4B70E6D9C8986128255BB737" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4147.4.8" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4147.4.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fd5d09e9-a713-4970-ac55-cca70227d630" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="261254" ID-ZooBank="7D1ADD0D-0612-4CF3-8B4C-E184434A645A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1470380357703" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Last, Peter R. & Séret, Bernard" docDate="2016" docId="03BA87D1FFF6FF947DBEFA7EFBF5CCAD" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4147.4.8.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4147 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Raja parva Last & Séret, 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="488" masterDocId="FF83FFA9FFF7FF9F7D29FF90FFB4C97D" masterDocTitle="A new Eastern Central Atlantic skate Raja parva sp. nov. (Rajoidei: Rajidae) belonging to the Raja miraletus species complex" masterLastPageNumber="489" masterPageNumber="477" pageNumber="478" updateTime="1698367057538" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="59AAF782BD1378A18DD346EBEB5352F5">
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<mods:title id="4E3B08ED4F5ADBE1E85E163D49299A06">A new Eastern Central Atlantic skate Raja parva sp. nov. (Rajoidei: Rajidae) belonging to the Raja miraletus species complex</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="F42A629E529DA6C06F2C04A2E43B3C66" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="36FBBF17C34326E188557CE1DB5C99E0">Last, Peter R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="3A73C681293B8820244F7F483F66DA84" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="64EEAFCDADE1CF59B89014C86DD56AC7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B32CB87DF5379FD37A3DF0EC6DE1C478">Séret, Bernard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="45683FAD0E345EFE21FECF6DBD97AE2E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="C8CD3C5758E0A45EB0B4431C1FBADC31">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B55979F6D3BB4A3C5A43B41350DB3726">
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<mods:date id="22279262CFAF86E3A4034605173B682F">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EDC1AFF8BC408B9A16BDA0D673C39541">4147</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="9942D129E2385C8BCFFA29D51A46F560" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4147.4.8</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="590CDDA1079ACAE0CDB1559DEA9F4749" type="GBIF-Dataset">fd5d09e9-a713-4970-ac55-cca70227d630</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D8A066BB325EBFE9F3326705F05F4508" type="Zenodo-Dep">261254</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BA87D1FFF6FF947DBEFA7EFBF5CCAD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6053660" ID-GBIF-Taxon="123514502" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6053660" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA87D1FFF6FF947DBEFA7EFBF5CCAD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BA87D1FFF6FF947DBEFA7EFBF5CCAD" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="488" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">
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<subSubSection id="C309654CFFF6FF9E7DBEFA7EFE29CF57" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAC36C7FFF6FF9E7DBEFA7EFE34CF75" blockId="1.[151,413,1518,1578]" box="[151,384,1518,1544]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">
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<heading id="D0E481ABFFF6FF9E7DBEFA7EFE34CF75" bold="true" box="[151,384,1518,1544]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFF6FF9E7DBEFA7EFE34CF75" bold="true" box="[151,384,1518,1544]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D44FFF6FF9E7DBEFA7EFEAFCF75" ID-CoL="6X3C5" box="[151,283,1518,1544]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFF6FF9E7DBEFA7EFEAFCF75" bold="true" box="[151,283,1518,1544]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">Raja parva</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25457AEFFF6FF9E7C0AFA7EFE34CF75" box="[291,384,1518,1544]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAC36C7FFF6FF9E7DBEF981FE29CF57" blockId="1.[151,413,1518,1578]" box="[151,413,1553,1578]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">
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(
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||
<figureCitation id="13282A42FFF6FF9E7DB6F981FEBFCF57" box="[159,267,1553,1578]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStart-3="FIGURE 5" captionStart-4="FIGURE 6" captionStart-5="FIGURE 7" captionStart-6="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1600,1622]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,250,971,993]" captionStartId-3="5.[151,250,1963,1985]" captionStartId-4="6.[151,250,886,908]" captionStartId-5="6.[151,250,1203,1225]" captionStartId-6="9.[151,250,1889,1911]" captionTargetBox-0="[203,1402,220,1552]" captionTargetBox-1="[271,1308,767,1957]" captionTargetBox-2="[264,1322,193,948]" captionTargetBox-3="[379,1207,1057,1941]" captionTargetBox-4="[167,1419,205,835]" captionTargetBox-5="[150,1423,1005,1165]" captionTargetBox-6="[151,1435,771,1860]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[151,1436,193,1579]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[271,1308,753,1957]" captionTargetId-2="figure@5.[264,1323,193,949]" captionTargetId-3="figure@5.[379,1207,1033,1941]" captionTargetId-4="figure@6.[151,1436,193,864]" captionTargetId-5="figure@6.[150,1436,988,1182]" captionTargetId-6="figure@9.[151,1435,769,1868]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionTargetPageId-4="6" captionTargetPageId-5="6" captionTargetPageId-6="9" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Raja parva sp. nov., adult male holotype (USNM 193744, 371 mm TL, Liberia, preserved): A, dorsal surface; B, ventral surface." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Raja parva sp. nov., adult male holotype (USNM 193744, 371 mm TL, Liberia, preserved) showing dorsal snout, orbito-spiracular and nuchal regions." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Raja parva sp. nov., adult male holotype (USNM 193744, 371 mm TL, Liberia, preserved) showing the oronasal region and tooth bands." captionText-3="FIGURE 5. Radiograph of the head of Raja parva sp. nov., adult male holotype (USNM 193744), 371 mm TL, Liberia, preserved)." captionText-4="FIGURE 6. Median and dorsolateral thorns at the tail midlength of Raja parva sp. nov., adult male holotype (USNM 193744, 371 mm TL, Liberia, preserved). A. Dorsal view. B. Lateral view." captionText-5="FIGURE 7. Lateral profile of the dorsal and caudal fins of Raja parva sp. nov., adult male holotype (USNM 193744, 371 mm TL, Liberia, preserved)." captionText-6="FIGURE 8. Neighbour-joining tree based on p-distances derived from an alignment of mitochondrial NADH 2 sequences (1044 sites), after Naylor et al. (unpubl.)" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/261255/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/261256/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/261257/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/261258/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/261259/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/261260/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/261261/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">Figs. 1–8</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13282A42FFF6FF9E7C3FF982FE81CF57" box="[278,309,1554,1578]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1155,1177]" captionTargetBox="[188,1397,193,1133]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[188,1398,193,1134]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 10. Map showing the locations of types of Raja parva sp. nov., in the eastern Atlantic (star represents the holotype, dots the paratypes)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261263/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">10</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C691037CFFF6FF9E7C68F981FE26CF57" box="[321,402,1553,1578]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,239,290,313]" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric data for Eastern Central Atlantic members of the Raja miraletus complex: Raja parva sp. nov. adult male holotype (USNM 193744) and female paratype (USNM 437522) from Liberia; and five specimens of an unidentified species from Mauritania and Senegal (see comparative material). Measurements expressed as percentages of total length (TL)." pageId="1" pageNumber="478">Table 1</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C309654CFFF6FF9E7DBEF9CAFAD7CF12" box="[151,1379,1625,1647]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36C7FFF6FF9E7DBEF9CAFAD7CF12" blockId="1.[151,1379,1625,1647]" box="[151,1379,1625,1647]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D44FFF6FF9E7DBEF9CAFEF9CF12" ID-CoL="6X3LW" box="[151,333,1625,1647]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miraletus">
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<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFF6FF9E7DBEF9CAFF73CF12" box="[151,199,1626,1647]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">Raja</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFF6FF9E7DC4F9C9FEF9CF12" box="[237,333,1625,1647]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">miraletus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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2:
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<bibRefCitation id="EF824B36FFF6FF9E7C44F9C9FD83CF12" author="Naylor" box="[365,567,1625,1647]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" refString="Naylor, G. J. P., Caira, J. N., Jensen, K., Rosana, K. A. M., Straube, N. & Lakner, C. (2012 a) Elasmobranch phylogeny: a mitochondrial estimate based on 595 species. In: Carrier, J. C., Musick, J. A. & Heithaus M. R. (Eds.), Biology of Sharks and Their Relatives, Second Edition. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 31 - 56. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1201 / b 11867 - 4" type="book chapter" year="2012" yearSuffix="a">
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||
Naylor
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||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFF6FF9E7C93F9CAFE53CF12" box="[442,487,1625,1647]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2012a
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
(fig. 2.9, molecular analysis);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B36FFF6FF9E7E47F9C9FB8CCF12" author="Naylor" box="[878,1080,1625,1647]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" refString="Naylor, G. J. P., Caira, J. N., Jensen, K., Rosana, K. A. M., White, W. T. & Last, P. R. (2012 b) A DNA sequence-based approach to the identification of shark and ray species and its implications for global elasmobranch diversity and parasitology. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 367, 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="2012" yearSuffix="b">
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Naylor
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||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFF6FF9E7E93F9CAFC53CF12" box="[954,999,1625,1647]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">et al</emphasis>
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||
., 2012b
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
(fig. 73, molecular analysis).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C309654CFFF6FF9E7DBEF90CFCAFCEA8" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36C7FFF6FF9E7DBEF90CFE96CFA5" blockId="1.[151,1437,1692,2005]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B7B3C9AFFF6FF9E7DBEF90CFE96CFA5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291002377" collectingDate="1953-11-04" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="E. Atlantic" country="Liberia" elevation="27" location="Liberia" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" specimenCode="USNM 193744" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFF6FF9E7DBEF90CFEB0CFC9" bold="true" box="[151,260,1692,1716]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">
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||
<typeStatus id="54A88865FFF6FF9E7DBEF90CFEB0CFC9" box="[151,260,1692,1716]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
</emphasis>
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.
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<specimenCode id="DBB59EBCFFF6FF9E7C3BF90CFE74CFC9" box="[274,448,1692,1716]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">
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||
<collectionCode id="ED02AE02FFF6FF9E7C3BF90CFED7CFC9" box="[274,355,1692,1716]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">USNM</collectionCode>
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193744
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</specimenCode>
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, adult male
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<quantity id="4CEB9B22FFF6FF9E7F6EF90CFD10CFC9" box="[583,676,1692,1716]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.71" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" unit="mm" value="371.0">371 mm</quantity>
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TL, off Monrovia,
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<collectingCountry id="F3047657FFF6FF9E7E57F90CFC66CFC8" box="[894,978,1692,1717]" name="Liberia" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">Liberia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectorName id="26E65311FFF6FF9E7EF4F90DFBEDCFC8" box="[989,1113,1692,1717]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">E. Atlantic</collectorName>
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, demersal trawl,
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<quantity id="4CEB9B22FFF6FF9E783EF90CFAE4CFC9" box="[1303,1360,1692,1716]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" unit="m" value="27.0">
|
||
<elevation id="003ED1F4FFF6FF9E783EF90CFAE4CFC9" box="[1303,1360,1692,1716]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" unit="m" value="27.0">27 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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depth,
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<date id="FFAD1007FFF6FF9E7DBEF950FEAACFA5" box="[151,286,1727,1752]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" value="1953-11-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFE9E9EFFFF6FF9E7DBEF950FEAACFA5" box="[151,286,1727,1752]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" value="1953-11-04">4 Nov 1953</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
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||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36C7FFF6FF9E7DEEF974FA36CF80" blockId="1.[151,1437,1692,2005]" box="[199,1410,1764,1789]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7B3C9AFFF6FF9E7DEEF974FA36CF80" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291002376" box="[199,1410,1764,1789]" collectingDate="1953-11-04" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="E. Atlantic" country="Liberia" elevation="27" location="Liberia" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" specimenCode="USNM 437522, USNM 193744" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFF6FF9E7DEEF974FE8FCF81" bold="true" box="[199,315,1764,1788]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A88865FFF6FF9E7DEEF974FE82CF81" box="[199,310,1764,1788]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB59EBCFFF6FF9E7C6BF974FE5ACF80" box="[322,494,1764,1789]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED02AE02FFF6FF9E7C6BF974FE27CF81" box="[322,403,1764,1788]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
437522
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||
</specimenCode>
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||
(re-catalogued from
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||
<specimenCode id="DBB59EBCFFF6FF9E7FF2F974FC3FCF81" box="[731,907,1764,1788]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED02AE02FFF6FF9E7FF2F974FC98CF81" box="[731,812,1764,1788]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">USNM</collectionCode>
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||
193744
|
||
</specimenCode>
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||
), female
|
||
<quantity id="4CEB9B22FFF6FF9E7ED8F974FBF9CF81" box="[1009,1101,1764,1788]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.11" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" unit="mm" value="411.0">411 mm</quantity>
|
||
TL, same data as holotype.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36C7FFF6FF9E7DEEF897FCAFCEA8" blockId="1.[151,1437,1692,2005]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7B3C9AFFF6FF9E7DEEF897FDCFCE39" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291002378" collectingDate="2002-01-06" collectorName="K. Jensen" country="Senegal" latitude="14.7" location="Other" longLatPrecision="1287" longitude="-17.483334" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFF6FF9E7DEEF897FE36CE5D" bold="true" box="[199,386,1799,1824]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">
|
||
<location id="8ECC601CFFF6FF9E7DEEF897FEBBCE5D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA87D1FFF6FF947DBEFA7EFBF5CCAD:8ECC601CFFF6FF9E7DEEF897FEBBCE5D" box="[199,271,1799,1824]" country="Senegal" latitude="14.7" longLatPrecision="1287" longitude="-17.483334" name="Other" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">Other</location>
|
||
material.
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||
</emphasis>
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SE-11 (not retained), images and tissue GN5932, adult male
|
||
<quantity id="4CEB9B22FFF6FF9E7912F897FB2DCE62" box="[1083,1177,1799,1824]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" unit="mm" value="350.0">350 mm</quantity>
|
||
TL,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3047657FFF6FF9E79F8F897FA99CE5D" box="[1233,1325,1799,1824]" name="Senegal" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">Senegal</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE275000FFF6FF9E7810F898FA2CCE5D" box="[1337,1432,1800,1824]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" precision="925" value="14.7">14°42'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE275000FFF6FF9E7DBEF8BCFF4DCE39" box="[151,249,1836,1860]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" precision="925" value="-17.483334">17°29'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, J. Caira &
|
||
<collectorName id="26E65311FFF6FF9E7CA8F8BDFE45CE39" box="[385,497,1837,1860]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">K. Jensen</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFAD1007FFF6FF9E7CD4F8BCFDCFCE39" box="[509,635,1836,1861]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" value="2002-01-06">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFE9E9EFFFF6FF9E7CD4F8BCFDCFCE39" box="[509,635,1836,1861]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" value="2002-01-06">6 Jan 2002</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7B3C9AFFF6FF9E7FAEF8BCFCD7CE15" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291002373" collectingDate="2002-01-06" collectorName="K. Jensen" country="Senegal" latitude="14.666667" location="Senegal" longLatPrecision="1287" longitude="-17.45" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" specimenCount="1">
|
||
SE-12 (not retained), images and tissue GN5933, female
|
||
<quantity id="4CEB9B22FFF6FF9E7827F8BCFAD8CE39" box="[1294,1388,1836,1861]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.55" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" unit="mm" value="355.0">355 mm</quantity>
|
||
TL,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3047657FFF6FF9E7DBEF8DFFF46CE15" box="[151,242,1871,1896]" name="Senegal" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">Senegal</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE275000FFF6FF9E7C29F8C0FEEBCE15" box="[256,351,1872,1896]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" precision="925" value="14.666667">14°40'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE275000FFF6FF9E7C44F8C0FE64CE15" box="[365,464,1872,1896]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" precision="925" value="-17.45">17°27'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, J. Caira &
|
||
<collectorName id="26E65311FFF6FF9E7F76F8C0FD66CE1A" box="[607,722,1872,1895]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">K. Jensen</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFAD1007FFF6FF9E7FC9F8DFFCD7CE15" box="[736,867,1871,1896]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" value="2002-01-06">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFE9E9EFFFF6FF9E7FC9F8DFFCD7CE15" box="[736,867,1871,1896]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" value="2002-01-06">6 Jan 2002</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7B3C9AFFF6FF9E7E59F8DFFB88CEF1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291002374" collectingDate="2002-01-07" collectorName="K. Jensen" country="Senegal" latitude="14.666667" location="Senegal" longLatPrecision="1287" longitude="-17.45" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" specimenCount="1">
|
||
SE-15 (not retained), image and tissue GN5936, female
|
||
<quantity id="4CEB9B22FFF6FF9E7DC2F8E4FEFDCEF1" box="[235,329,1908,1933]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" unit="mm" value="295.0">295 mm</quantity>
|
||
TL,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3047657FFF6FF9E7CABF8E4FE69CEF0" box="[386,477,1908,1933]" name="Senegal" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">Senegal</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE275000FFF6FF9E7CC3F8E4FDFDCEF1" box="[490,585,1908,1932]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" precision="925" value="14.666667">14°40'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE275000FFF6FF9E7F7CF8E4FD0CCEF1" box="[597,696,1908,1932]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" precision="925" value="-17.45">17°27'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, J. Caira &
|
||
<collectorName id="26E65311FFF6FF9E7E68F8E5FC05CEF1" box="[833,945,1909,1932]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">K. Jensen</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFAD1007FFF6FF9E7E97F8E5FB88CEF1" box="[958,1084,1908,1932]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" value="2002-01-07">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFE9E9EFFFF6FF9E7E97F8E5FB88CEF1" box="[958,1084,1908,1932]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" value="2002-01-07">7 Jan 2002</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7B3C9AFFF6FF9E7960F8E4FACBCECD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291002375" collectingDate="2004-01-05" collectorName="K. Jensen" country="Senegal" latitude="14.7" location="Senegal" longLatPrecision="1287" longitude="-17.483334" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" specimenCount="1">
|
||
SE-153 (not retained), images and tissue GN5993, adult male
|
||
<quantity id="4CEB9B22FFF6FF9E7F22F808FDDFCECD" box="[523,619,1944,1968]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" unit="mm" value="320.0">320 mm</quantity>
|
||
TL,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3047657FFF6FF9E7F80F808FCB1CECC" box="[681,773,1944,1969]" name="Senegal" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">Senegal</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE275000FFF6FF9E7E3DF808FCC7CECD" box="[788,883,1944,1968]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" precision="925" value="14.7">14°42'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE275000FFF6FF9E7EABF808FC51CECD" box="[898,997,1944,1968]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" precision="925" value="-17.483334">17°29'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, J. Caira &
|
||
<collectorName id="26E65311FFF6FF9E7950F809FB58CECD" box="[1145,1260,1945,1968]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">K. Jensen</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFAD1007FFF6FF9E79D2F808FACBCECD" box="[1275,1407,1944,1969]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" value="2004-01-05">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFE9E9EFFFF6FF9E79D2F808FACBCECD" box="[1275,1407,1944,1969]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" value="2004-01-05">5 Jan 2004</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7B3C9AFFF6FF9E78A7F808FCAFCEA8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291002379" collectorName="R. Leslie." country="Angola" location="Angola" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" specimenCount="8">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D15FD4EFFF6FF9E78A7F808FEB8CEA8" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" type="generic">8 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(not retained, images only),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3047657FFF6FF9E7F67F82CFD17CEA8" box="[590,675,1980,2005]" name="Angola" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">Angola</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26E65311FFF6FF9E7F86F82DFCAFCEA8" box="[687,795,1980,2005]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">R. Leslie.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF6C664FFFF5FF9D7DBEF9D0FE80CF08" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261255/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="479" targetBox="[203,1402,220,1552]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36C7FFF5FF9D7DBEF9D0FE80CF08" blockId="2.[151,1435,1600,1653]" pageId="2" pageNumber="479">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFF5FF9D7DBEF9D0FEA7CF2B" bold="true" box="[151,275,1600,1622]" pageId="2" pageNumber="479">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D44FFF5FF9D7C33F9D1FE38CF2B" box="[282,396,1601,1622]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFF5FF9D7C33F9D1FE38CF2B" box="[282,396,1601,1622]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="479">Raja parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25457AEFFF5FF9D7CBAF9D0FE57CF2B" box="[403,483,1600,1622]" pageId="2" pageNumber="479" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFF5FF9D7CBAF9D0FE6ACF2B" bold="true" box="[403,478,1600,1622]" pageId="2" pageNumber="479">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, adult male holotype (USNM 193744, 371 mm TL, Liberia, preserved): A, dorsal surface; B, ventral surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C309654CFFF5FF9C7DEEF90BFB54CDF8" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="480" pageId="2" pageNumber="479" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36C7FFF5FF9C7DEEF90BFD4CC83D" blockId="2.[151,1437,1691,2005]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,320]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="480" pageId="2" pageNumber="479">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFF5FF9D7DEEF90BFEF5CFC9" bold="true" box="[199,321,1691,1716]" pageId="2" pageNumber="479">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
A small
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D44FFF5FF9D7C83F90DFE6BCFC9" box="[426,479,1693,1716]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFF5FF9D7C83F90DFE6BCFC9" box="[426,479,1693,1716]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="479">Raja</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(to about
|
||
<quantity id="4CEB9B22FFF5FF9D7F7DF90DFD2ECFC9" box="[596,666,1693,1717]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="479" unit="cm" value="41.0">41 cm</quantity>
|
||
TL) with the following combination of characters: disc subcircular, width 57–60% TL, 1.2 times its length; snout angle 91–96°; tail short, length 1.2–1.4 times distance from snout tip to rear of cloaca; tail narrow, width 1.2–1.3 times height at its midlength, 1.1 times at first dorsal-fin origin; preupper jaw length 10–13% TL, 1.5–1.8 times internasal width; ventral head length 24–26% TL; snout length 3–3.8 times interorbital width; orbit diameter 1.06–0.99 times interorbital width; first dorsal-fin height
|
||
<quantity id="4CEB9B22FFF5FF9D79FBF8BDFAF6CE38" box="[1234,1346,1836,1861]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.270999999999999" metricValueMax="9.906" metricValueMin="8.636" pageId="2" pageNumber="479" unit="in" value="3.65" valueMax="3.9" valueMin="3.4">3.4–3.9 in</quantity>
|
||
its base length; long procaudal tail, length from first dorsal-fin origin to tail tip 3.8–4.7 times first dorsal-fin base length, 3.4–3.6 times caudal-fin length (base of epichordal lobe of caudal fin very long); pelvic fins relatively short, length of posterior lobe 17–18% TL, length of anterior lobe 63–72% of posterior lobe; adult clasper relatively large, ~24% TL, connected to pelvic-fin inner margin at ~47% of its length from cloaca; anterior margin of head with denticle bands on both surfaces in adult male; 2 nuchal thorns; well-developed malar thorn patch in adult male; 3–5 thorn rows on tail; total pectoral-fin radials 79–81; trunk centra usually 27–28; predorsal centra usually 75–86; total centra ~128–131; tooth rows in upper jaw 38–46; brown dorsally with faint lighter and darker speckling; pectoral ocelli moderately large, consisting of dark bluish grey spot surrounded by a black and a yellow ring; ventral surface whitish with reddish yellow snout tip and disc margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36C7FFF4FF9C7DBEFBFFFB54CDF8" blockId="3.[151,1248,1132,1158]" box="[151,1248,1132,1158]" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFF4FF9C7DBEFBFFFEA6CDF8" bold="true" box="[151,274,1135,1157]" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D44FFF4FF9C7C30FBE0FE3ECDF8" box="[281,394,1136,1157]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="480" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFF4FF9C7C30FBE0FE3ECDF8" box="[281,394,1136,1157]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">Raja parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFF4FF9C7CB9FBFFFE55CDF8" bold="true" box="[400,481,1135,1157]" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25457AEFFF4FF9C7CB9FBFFFE55CDF8" box="[400,481,1135,1157]" pageId="3" pageNumber="480" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, female not retained, (SE-
|
||
<quantity id="4CEB9B22FFF4FF9C7FC7FBFFFCD2CDF8" box="[750,870,1135,1157]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2355" pageId="3" pageNumber="480" unit="mm" value="12355.0">12, 355 mm</quantity>
|
||
TL,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3047657FFF4FF9C7EB1FBFFFC5FCDF8" box="[920,1003,1135,1157]" name="Senegal" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">Senegal</collectingCountry>
|
||
, fresh, photo Caira lab).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C309654CFFF4FF977DEEFB3DFEB0CC1A" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="485" pageId="3" pageNumber="480" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36C7FFF4FF9C7DEEFB3DFBDBCE33" blockId="3.[151,1437,1197,2014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFF4FF9C7DEEFB3DFEEDCDBB" bold="true" box="[199,345,1197,1222]" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Disc rhombic, 1.19 times wider than long in adult male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A88865FFF4FF9C7ED1FB3DFBEECDBB" box="[1016,1114,1197,1222]" pageId="3" pageNumber="480" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(1.18–1.22 times in female
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A88865FFF4FF9C7DBEFB42FF49CD97" box="[151,253,1234,1258]" pageId="3" pageNumber="480" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
); maximum snout angle from axis across anterior spiracle 91° (96°); axis of greatest width 60% (54%) of disc length; anterior disc margin mildly undulate (not noticeably more so in adult male) with short and weak concavity near snout tip (not notched at tip of propterygium), slightly convex forward of eyes, and more deeply concave beside spiracles; apex narrowly rounded to abruptly angular; posterior margin strongly convex; free rear tip broadly rounded. Preorbital snout length 2.88 (3.86) times orbit length, 3.04 (3.82) times interorbit; pre-upper jaw length 1.53 (1.81) times internarial distance. Snout moderately elongate, angular; tip very narrowly rounded and lacking a fleshy process. Orbit diameter 1.06 (0.99) times interorbital width. Spiracle small, length 1.90 (1.46) in orbit diameter; curved, extending forward to beneath posterior quarter of orbit. Nostril small, suboval, distorted in
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A88865FFF4FF9C7D90FA62FF4CCF77" box="[185,248,1522,1546]" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">types</typeStatus>
|
||
. Anterior nasal flaps greatly expanded but not forming complete nasal curtain; anterolateral margin bordering nostrils tubular, partly concealed beneath mesial margin of nasal flap; posterior lobes of nasal flaps very well developed, produced posterolaterally, with prominent fringe; posteromesial margin of curtain deeply concave; internarial distance 1.79 (1.84) in distance between first gill slits, 0.78 (1.01) in distance between fifth gill slits. Upper jaw narrow, slightly more strongly arched and indented slightly at symphysis in male; lower jaw strongly convex, most pronounced near middle of jaw; lateral teeth partly concealed by lobes of nasal curtain. Teeth of adult male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A88865FFF4FF9C7DFEF959FE8DCF9F" box="[215,313,1737,1762]" pageId="3" pageNumber="480" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
strongly unicuspid with narrow, subcircular bases; arranged in obvious longitudinal rows; medial cusps very elongate, slender, pungent, directed posteromedially near symphysis of upper jaw, directed more posteriorly toward angle of jaw; cusps smallest at symphysis and near corners of mouth; teeth of female in longitudinal rows, crowns broadly rectangular to sub-hexagonal with short, blunt cusps.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36C7FFF4FF9B7DEEF8C9FDCECBB0" blockId="3.[151,1437,1197,2014]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,717]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="481" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">
|
||
Pelvic fins medium-sized, deeply notched; anterior lobe short, margin narrowly irregular at apex, lateral margin entire, inner margin deeply incised; posterior lobe moderately elongate, not noticeably longer in male, length 17.9 (17.1)% TL), apex narrowly rounded, lateral margin convex, inner margin almost straight; connected to lateral margin of clasper at about half length of clasper; anterior lobe 0.63 (0.72) times posterior lobe; clasper relatively large, robust, postcloacal length about 24% TL in
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A88865FFF3FF9B7E5DFF07FC6EC9CD" box="[884,986,151,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="481" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Tail very slender, weakly depressed; relatively broad at base, tapering strongly to first dorsal-fin origin, not expanded at its mid-length; very narrow behind first dorsal fin; width at insertions of pelvic fins 3.02 (2.47) times width at midlength of tail and 3.58 (2.84) times width at first dorsal-fin origin respectively; length from rear of cloaca 1.39 (1.20) times distance from tip of snout to rear of cloaca; anterior cross-section slightly more convex dorsally than ventrally, strongly convex on both surfaces posteriorly; width 2.17 (1.55) times height at insertion of pelvic fin, 1.21 (1.30) times height at midlength, 1.06 (1.14) times height at first dorsal fin origin; lateral tail fold poorly developed, obscure, even narrow below dorsal and caudal fins. Dorsal fins long, low, well separated; first dorsal-fin height 3.88 (3.35) in base length; similar in size, very strongly raked; anterior margins long and convex, apices narrowly rounded to angular; posterior and inner margins united; anterior margins directed strongly posterodorsally; dorsal fins well separated, interdorsal distance relatively long, 1.66 (1.0) in length of first dorsal-fin base; interdorsal space long. Caudal fin very elongate; epichordal caudal-fin lobe very well developed, low and long-based, base length about half of distance from second dorsal-fin origin to tail tip; procaudal tail very long, distance from first dorsal-fin origin to tail tip 22.0 (23.8)% TL, 3.8 (4.7) times length of first dorsal-fin base, 20 (19) times tail width at first dorsal-fin origin; usually truncate (pointed in
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A88865FFF3FF9B7F0AFD00FD31CBD5" box="[547,645,656,680]" pageId="4" pageNumber="481" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
) distally, its dorsal margin almost straight; well separated from second dorsal fin; hypochordal caudal lobe absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6C664FFFF3FF9B7DBEF825FDB8CE97" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261256/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="481" targetBox="[271,1308,767,1957]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36C7FFF3FF9B7DBEF825FDB8CE97" blockId="4.[151,1436,1973,2026]" pageId="4" pageNumber="481">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFF3FF9B7DBEF825FEA7CEB6" bold="true" box="[151,275,1973,1995]" pageId="4" pageNumber="481">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D44FFF3FF9B7C30F826FE3FCEB6" box="[281,395,1974,1995]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="481" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFF3FF9B7C30F826FE3FCEB6" box="[281,395,1974,1995]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="481">Raja parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFF3FF9B7CB8F825FE56CEB6" bold="true" box="[401,482,1973,1995]" pageId="4" pageNumber="481">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25457AEFFF3FF9B7CB8F825FE56CEB6" box="[401,482,1973,1995]" pageId="4" pageNumber="481" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, adult male holotype (USNM 193744, 371 mm TL, Liberia, preserved) showing dorsal snout, orbito-spiracular and nuchal regions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF6C664FFFF2FF9A7DBEFC5BFE31CA82" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261257/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="482" targetBox="[264,1322,193,948]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36C7FFF2FF9A7DBEFC5BFE31CA82" blockId="5.[151,1436,971,1023]" pageId="5" pageNumber="482">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFF2FF9A7DBEFC5BFEA7CA9C" bold="true" box="[151,275,971,993]" pageId="5" pageNumber="482">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D44FFF2FF9A7C33FC5CFE38CA9C" box="[282,396,972,993]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="482" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFF2FF9A7C33FC5CFE38CA9C" box="[282,396,972,993]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="482">Raja parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25457AEFFF2FF9A7CBAFC5BFE50CA9C" box="[403,484,971,993]" pageId="5" pageNumber="482" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFF2FF9A7CBAFC5BFE6ACA9C" bold="true" box="[403,478,971,993]" pageId="5" pageNumber="482">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, adult male holotype (USNM 193744, 371 mm TL, Liberia, preserved) showing the oronasal region and tooth bands.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF6C664FFFF2FF9A7DBEF83BFEBDCE9D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261258/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="482" targetBox="[379,1207,1057,1941]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36C7FFF2FF9A7DBEF83BFEBDCE9D" blockId="5.[151,1436,1963,2016]" pageId="5" pageNumber="482">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFF2FF9A7DBEF83BFEA2CEBC" bold="true" box="[151,278,1963,1985]" pageId="5" pageNumber="482">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Radiograph of the head of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D44FFF2FF9A7F69F83CFD01CEBC" box="[576,693,1964,1985]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="482" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFF2FF9A7F69F83CFD01CEBC" box="[576,693,1964,1985]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="482">Raja parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25457AEFFF2FF9A7F97F83BFCA6CEBC" box="[702,786,1963,1985]" pageId="5" pageNumber="482" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFF2FF9A7F97F83BFCB8CEBC" bold="true" box="[702,780,1963,1985]" pageId="5" pageNumber="482">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, adult male holotype (USNM 193744), 371 mm TL, Liberia, preserved).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF6C664FFFF1FF997DBEFCE6FC85CAD7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261259/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="483" targetBox="[167,1419,205,835]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36C7FFF1FF997DBEFCE6FC85CAD7" blockId="6.[151,1436,886,938]" pageId="6" pageNumber="483">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFF1FF997DBEFCE6FEA6CAF1" bold="true" box="[151,274,886,908]" pageId="6" pageNumber="483">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Median and dorsolateral thorns at the tail midlength of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D44FFF1FF997E67FCE7FC0BCAF1" box="[846,959,887,908]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="483" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFF1FF997E67FCE7FC0BCAF1" box="[846,959,887,908]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="483">Raja parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25457AEFFF1FF997EECFCE6FBA1CAF1" box="[965,1045,886,908]" pageId="6" pageNumber="483" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFF1FF997EECFCE6FBA4CAF1" bold="true" box="[965,1040,886,908]" pageId="6" pageNumber="483">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, adult male holotype (USNM 193744, 371 mm TL, Liberia, preserved). A. Dorsal view. B. Lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF6C664FFFF1FF997DBEFB23FE3ECD95" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261260/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="483" targetBox="[150,1423,1005,1165]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36C7FFF1FF997DBEFB23FE3ECD95" blockId="6.[151,1436,1203,1256]" pageId="6" pageNumber="483">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFF1FF997DBEFB23FEA7CDB4" bold="true" box="[151,275,1203,1225]" pageId="6" pageNumber="483">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral profile of the dorsal and caudal fins of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D44FFF1FF997FDBFB24FCD7CDB4" box="[754,867,1204,1225]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="483" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFF1FF997FDBFB24FCD7CDB4" box="[754,867,1204,1225]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="483">Raja parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25457AEFFF1FF997E43FB23FC0ECDB4" box="[874,954,1203,1225]" pageId="6" pageNumber="483" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFF1FF997E43FB23FC00CDB4" bold="true" box="[874,948,1203,1225]" pageId="6" pageNumber="483">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, adult male holotype (USNM 193744, 371 mm TL, Liberia, preserved).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36C7FFF1FF997DEEFA84FC35CF0C" blockId="6.[151,1436,1300,2010]" pageId="6" pageNumber="483">
|
||
Male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A88865FFF1FF997C20FA84FEDFCC50" box="[265,363,1300,1325]" pageId="6" pageNumber="483" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
with prominent thorns around orbit, in alar, malar and nuchal regions, and along tail; smaller thornlets at snout tip; no scapular thorns. Thorns not forming a rosette around eye, preorbit 4, postorbit 2, spiracular 1. Nuchal thorns 2. Malar patch large, very well-developed, beginning near disc well forward of orbit margin and extending to axis of spiracles. Alar thorn patch narrow, in ~3 rows. Tail thorns in 3 main rows (median and dorsolateral rows with 1-2 lateral thorns on each side); median row with 14 thorns, beginning posteriorly to lateral rows; dorsolateral rows 16–17, commencing above pelvic-fin insertion, terminating near origin of first dorsal fin; lateral thorns 1–2, near base of first dorsal fin; interdorsal thorns 3; tail thorns similar-sized, strongly raked, pungent. Skin largely smooth dorsally; dermal denticles in long, narrow marginal band extending along most of anterior disc; no denticles on tail between thorns; some minute denticles on sides of procaudal tail and on dorsal fins; ventral surface with fine denticles over most of preoral snout.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36C7FFF1FF997DEEF9EDFC44CEEC" blockId="6.[151,1436,1300,2010]" pageId="6" pageNumber="483">
|
||
Female
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A88865FFF1FF997C08F9EEFE36CFEB" box="[289,386,1662,1686]" pageId="6" pageNumber="483" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
with prominent thorns around orbit, and in nuchal region and along tail; smaller thornlets at snout tip. Thorns not forming a rosette around eye, preorbit 3, postorbit 2, spiracular 1. Nuchal thorns 2. Tail thorns in 5 evenly spaced and continuous rows; median row with 11 thorns, beginning slightly posterior to lateral rows; dorsolateral rows 14–16, commencing over pelvic-fin insertion, terminating beneath base of first dorsal fin; lateral rows 13–16, commencing just posterior to pelvic-fin insertions, terminating beneath base of first dorsal fin; interdorsal thorns 5; tail thorns similar-sized, strongly raked, pungent. Skin largely smooth dorsally; dermal denticles confined to small marginal patch along mid-anterior disc; no denticles on tail between thorns; ventral surface with small patch at snout tip, extending along edge of anterior snout.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36C7FFF1FF987DEEF80DFC2DC985" blockId="6.[151,1436,1300,2010]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="484" pageId="6" pageNumber="483">
|
||
Tooth rows in upper jaw (counted from radiographs only) ~
|
||
<quantity id="4CEB9B22FFF1FF997E48F80DFC28CECB" box="[865,924,1949,1974]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1684" pageId="6" pageNumber="483" unit="in" value="46.0">46 in</quantity>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A88865FFF1FF997E8BF80DFBB0CECB" box="[930,1028,1949,1974]" pageId="6" pageNumber="483" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CEB9B22FFF1FF99793DF80DFBFACECB" box="[1044,1102,1949,1974]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.652" pageId="6" pageNumber="483" unit="in" value="38.0">38 in</quantity>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A88865FFF1FF99797CF80DFB0ECEC8" box="[1109,1210,1949,1973]" pageId="6" pageNumber="483" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
); lower jaw 39 (42). Pectoral-fin propterygial radials 32 (34); mesopterygial radials 14 (15–16); metapterygial radials 33 (30–31); total radials 79 (79–81). Pelvic-fin radials male 1, 18; (females 1, ~21 on left side). Trunk centra 28 (27); predorsal diplospondylous centra 47 (59); total predorsal centra 75 (86); centra between origins of dorsal fins 16 (17), diplospondylous centra ~103 (~101), total centra about ~131 (~128).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6C664FFFF0FF987DBEFEB2FEFBC8E6" pageId="7" pageNumber="484">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36C7FFF0FF987DBEFEB2FEFBC8E6" blockId="7.[151,1436,289,411]" pageId="7" pageNumber="484">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFF0FF987DBEFEB2FEBDC844" bold="true" box="[151,265,290,313]" pageId="7" pageNumber="484">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometric data for Eastern Central Atlantic members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D44FFF0FF987E95FEB2FBECC844" box="[956,1112,289,313]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miraletus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFF0FF987E95FEB2FBECC844" box="[956,1112,289,313]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="484">Raja miraletus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D44FFF0FF9879E3FEB2FAF4C844" box="[1226,1344,290,313]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFF0FF9879E3FEB2FAF4C844" box="[1226,1344,290,313]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="484">Raja parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25457AEFFF0FF98786EFEB2FA28C844" box="[1351,1436,290,313]" pageId="7" pageNumber="484" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFF0FF98786EFEB2FA28C844" bold="true" box="[1351,1436,290,313]" pageId="7" pageNumber="484">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
adult male holotype (USNM 193744) and female paratype (USNM 437522) from Liberia; and five specimens of an unidentified species from Mauritania and Senegal (see comparative material). Measurements expressed as percentages of total length (TL).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36C7FFF0FF987F82FE29FB51C8B3" blockId="7.[159,1428,440,1991]" box="[683,1253,440,462]" pageId="7" pageNumber="484">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D44FFF0FF987F82FE29FCA8C8B3" box="[683,796,441,462]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFF0FF987F82FE29FCA8C8B3" box="[683,796,441,462]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="484">Raja parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D44FFF0FF987907FE29FB51C8B3" box="[1070,1253,440,462]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="484" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miraletus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFF0FF987907FE29FBEAC8B3" box="[1070,1118,441,462]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="484">Raja</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFF0FF9879ACFE28FB51C8B3" box="[1157,1253,440,462]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="484">miraletus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36C7FFF0FF987F82FE71FBDBC88A" blockId="7.[159,1428,440,1991]" box="[683,1135,481,503]" pageId="7" pageNumber="484">Holotype Paratype Range</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36C7FFF0FF987DB6FD9AFAB8CB92" blockId="7.[159,1428,440,1991]" pageId="7" pageNumber="484">Total length (mm) 371 411 448 593 Disc width 57.1 60.1 58.5 66.3 Disc length (dir) 48.2 50.8 48.8 50.7 Snout to maximum width 29.0 27.2 26.4 27.9 Snout length (preorbital)—dir 10.7 12.9 10.7 12.2 Snout to spiracle 15.8 17.5 - -</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36C7FFF0FF987DB6FC92FAB8CA65" blockId="7.[159,1428,440,1991]" box="[159,1292,770,792]" pageId="7" pageNumber="484">Head—dorsal 17.3 19.3 - -</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36C7FFF0FF987DB6FCBCFAB8CF7D" blockId="7.[159,1428,440,1991]" pageId="7" pageNumber="484">Orbit diameter 3.7 3.3 3.1 4.1 Orbit and spiracle length 5.0 4.5 5.2 5.7 Spiracle length—main pore 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.8 Distance between orbits 3.5 3.4 2.9 3.4 Distance between spiracles 5.5 5.5 5.0 5.3 Distance-snout to cloaca 41.9 45.4 41.2 41.9 Cloaca to D1 36.1 30.8 32.5 37.1 Cloaca to D2 45.3 40.8 42.3 47.3 Cloaca to caudal origin 52.0 47.6 49.9 54.2 Distance-cloaca to caudal fin tip 58.1 54.6 58.1 58.8 Snout length (pre upper jaw) 10.2 12.6 9.7 11.7 Prenasal length 8.7 10.6 8.4 10.0 Head length to fifth gill 24.4 25.5 24.4 25.9 Mouth width 6.8 6.2 6.7 7.8 Distance between nostrils 6.7 6.9 5.9 6.8 Nasal curtain-length 4.6 4.3 4.1 4.8 Nasal curtain-total width 7.9 8.1 6.6 8.2 Nasal curtain - min width 5.0 5.3 - -</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36C7FFF0FF987DB6F984FA90CEE3" blockId="7.[159,1428,440,1991]" pageId="7" pageNumber="484">Nasal curtain - lobe width 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.2 Width of first gill opening 1.3 1.6 1.1 2.2 Width of fifth gill opening 1.1 1.2 0.9 1.4 Distance between first gill openings 12.3 12.5 11.4 14.5 Distance between fifth gill openings 5.3 7.0 5.8 7.1 Clasper-post cloacal length 24.2 - 10.8 24.3 Length of anterior pelvic lobe 11.2 12.4 10.4 11.3 Length of posterior pelvic lobe 17.9 17.1 17.1 19.6 Pelvic base - width 9.6 11.5 9.6 12.3 Tail at axil pelvic fins—width 4.0 3.7 3.8 4.7</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36C7FFF0FF977977F821FBDBC875" blockId="7.[159,1428,440,1991]" lastBlockId="8.[159,1328,160,719]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="485" pageId="7" pageNumber="484">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFF0FF977977F821FCA8C9A2" italics="true" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="485" pageId="7" pageNumber="484">
|
||
......continued on the next page
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D44FFFFFF977F82FF5AFCA8C9A2" box="[683,796,202,223]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="485" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">Raja parva</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D44FFFFFF977907FF5AFB51C9A2" box="[1070,1253,201,223]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="485" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miraletus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFFFF977907FF5AFBEAC9A2" box="[1070,1118,202,223]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="485">Raja</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFFFF9779ACFF59FB51C9A2" box="[1157,1253,201,223]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="485">miraletus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Holotype Paratype Range
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6C664FFFFFFF977DB6FF30FE38C9CB" box="[159,396,160,182]" pageId="8" pageNumber="485">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36C7FFFFFF977DB6FF30FE38C9CB" blockId="8.[159,1328,160,719]" box="[159,396,160,182]" pageId="8" pageNumber="485">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFFFF977DB6FF30FEB8C9CB" bold="true" box="[159,268,160,182]" pageId="8" pageNumber="485">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
(Continued)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36C7FFFFFF977DB6FE8CFC57CD86" blockId="8.[159,1328,160,719]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,782,2031]" pageId="8" pageNumber="485">
|
||
Tail at axil pelvic fins—height 1.9 2.4 2.5 2.7 Tail at midlength—width 1.3 1.5 2.0 2.4 Tail at midlength—height 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.6 Tail at D1 origin—width 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.8 Tail at D1 origin—height 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.2 D1 base—length 5.8 5.0 3.7 5.6 D1—height 1.5 1.5 1.7 2.5 D1 orig to caudal fin tip 22.0 23.8 20.1 23.6 D2 orig to caudal fin tip 12.8 13.8 11.1 14.1 interdorsal distance 3.5 5.0 3.7 5.3 caudal fin length 6.1 6.9 5.0 6.7
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFFFF977DEEFC9EFE94CA5A" bold="true" box="[199,288,782,807]" pageId="8" pageNumber="485">Colour.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFFFF977C0CFC9EFE47CA5B" box="[293,499,782,806]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="485">
|
||
Based on
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A88865FFFFFF977CBAFC9EFE47CA5B" box="[403,499,782,806]" pageId="8" pageNumber="485" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(preserved): Dorsal surface greyish brown with pale cloudy blotches and prominent pectoral ocelli; snout beside rostral cartilage and outer disc margin (from its apex to its free rear tip) semitranslucent; pectoral ocelli with large dark bluish grey spot surrounded by a thinner black ring, intern surrounded by a similar pale yellowish ring (horizontal diameter of marking across outer ring ~
|
||
<quantity id="4CEB9B22FFFFFF97791CFCEBFB33CAEE" box="[1077,1159,891,915]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="8" pageNumber="485" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
|
||
); blotches asymmetrical, diffuse-edged, irregular in size; evidence of faint brownish speckling anteriorly; thorns slightly paler than skin adjacent. Ventral surface of disc, tail and claspers almost entirely uniformly whitish, somewhat semi-translucent yellowish on snout and around disc margin; no sensory pores marked with black edges. Dorsal fins brownish translucent, somewhat dusky anteriorly; epichordal fin lobe similar with darker median and distal bars.
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFFFF97781CFB9BFA28CD5F" box="[1333,1436,1035,1058]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="485">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A88865FFFFFF97781CFB9BFA28CD5F" box="[1333,1436,1035,1058]" pageId="8" pageNumber="485" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(preserved): Dorsal surface similar to
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A88865FFFFFF977F6AFBBEFD11CD3A" box="[579,677,1070,1095]" pageId="8" pageNumber="485" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
but no markings other than pectoral ocelli apparent; pectoral ocelli similar to
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A88865FFFFFF977C2EFBC2FEDDCD16" box="[263,361,1106,1131]" pageId="8" pageNumber="485" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(horizontal diameter of marking across outer ring ~
|
||
<quantity id="4CEB9B22FFFFFF977E81FBC3FC48CD16" box="[936,1020,1107,1131]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="485" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
); yellowish markings less obvious on ventral surface; two dark bands present on epichordal fin lobe.
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFFFF977E7CFBE7FC08CDF3" box="[853,956,1143,1166]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="485">Non-type</emphasis>
|
||
SE-11 (fresh image): Dorsal surface richer reddish brown than
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A88865FFFFFF977C5CFB0BFE07CDCE" box="[373,435,1179,1203]" pageId="8" pageNumber="485">types</typeStatus>
|
||
, covered with small, faint diffuse-edged white and brownish flecks (not evident in
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A88865FFFFFF977879FB0BFA24CDCE" box="[1360,1424,1179,1203]" pageId="8" pageNumber="485">types</typeStatus>
|
||
); snout dark reddish brown; pectoral marking coloration similar to
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A88865FFFFFF977EAEFB2EFC59CDAA" box="[903,1005,1214,1239]" pageId="8" pageNumber="485" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Ventral surface white with yellowish part of outer disc and anterior snout prominently contrasted reddish yellow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36C7FFFFFF977DEEFA96FEB0CC1A" blockId="8.[151,1436,782,2031]" pageId="8" pageNumber="485">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFFFF977DEEFA96FF4ACC62" bold="true" box="[199,254,1286,1311]" pageId="8" pageNumber="485">Size.</emphasis>
|
||
Adult male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A88865FFFFFF977CA0FA96FE5FCC62" box="[393,491,1286,1311]" pageId="8" pageNumber="485" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<quantity id="4CEB9B22FFFFFF977CDBFA97FDFBCC63" box="[498,591,1287,1311]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.71" pageId="8" pageNumber="485" unit="mm" value="371.0">371 mm</quantity>
|
||
TL; two other adult males imaged and reported as
|
||
<quantity id="4CEB9B22FFFFFF9779A2FA96FA94CC63" box="[1163,1312,1286,1311]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="485" unit="mm" value="335.0" valueMax="350.0" valueMin="320.0">320–350 mm</quantity>
|
||
TL (http:// tapewormdb.uconn.edu/); female
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A88865FFFFFF977F3DFABBFDC3CC3E" box="[532,631,1323,1347]" pageId="8" pageNumber="485" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
, presumably mature at
|
||
<quantity id="4CEB9B22FFFFFF977EAAFABBFC55CC3F" box="[899,993,1323,1347]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.11" pageId="8" pageNumber="485" unit="mm" value="411.0">411 mm</quantity>
|
||
TL; no information available for early juveniles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C309654CFFFFFF977DEEFAE2FAF0CCD2" pageId="8" pageNumber="485" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36C7FFFFFF977DEEFAE2FAF0CCD2" blockId="8.[151,1436,782,2031]" pageId="8" pageNumber="485">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFFFF977DEEFAE2FED4CCF6" bold="true" box="[199,352,1394,1419]" pageId="8" pageNumber="485">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Wide-ranging in Eastern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7F825FFFFFF977FA8FAE2FD60CCF6" box="[641,724,1394,1419]" country="Israel" name="Central" pageId="8" pageNumber="485">Central</collectingRegion>
|
||
Atlantic;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7F825FFFFFF977E6DFAE2FC3DCCF6" box="[836,905,1394,1419]" country="Senegal" name="Dakar" pageId="8" pageNumber="485">Dakar</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3047657FFFFFF977EBEFAE2FC47CCF6" box="[919,1011,1394,1419]" name="Senegal" pageId="8" pageNumber="485">Senegal</collectingCountry>
|
||
) south to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3047657FFFFFF97794AFAE2FB0DCCF6" box="[1123,1209,1394,1419]" name="Angola" pageId="8" pageNumber="485">Angola</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A88865FFFFFF9779EAFAE3FB4FCCF6" box="[1219,1275,1395,1419]" pageId="8" pageNumber="485">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3047657FFFFFF977DBEFA06FF58CCD2" box="[151,236,1430,1455]" name="Liberia" pageId="8" pageNumber="485">Liberia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Depth unknown, but probably inshore because at least some collected specimens taken by gill-net.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C309654CFFFFFF977DEEFA2BFADDCC8A" pageId="8" pageNumber="485" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36C7FFFFFF977DEEFA2BFADDCC8A" blockId="8.[151,1436,782,2031]" pageId="8" pageNumber="485">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFFFF977DEEFA2BFEFACCAE" bold="true" box="[199,334,1467,1491]" pageId="8" pageNumber="485">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Epithet based on the Latin word
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D44FFFFFF977FEBFA2BFCB7CCAF" box="[706,771,1467,1490]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="485" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFFFF977FEBFA2BFCB7CCAF" box="[706,771,1467,1490]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="485">parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(meaning small) and used with reference to the small adult size of this skate compared to most other members of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D44FFFFFF977E4CFA4FFC2ECC8B" box="[869,922,1503,1526]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="485" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFFFF977E4CFA4FFC2ECC8B" box="[869,922,1503,1526]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="485">Raja</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Vernacular name: African Brown Skate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C309654CFFFFFF977DEEF993FDB7CE23" pageId="8" pageNumber="485" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36C7FFFFFF977DEEF993FDB7CE23" blockId="8.[151,1436,782,2031]" pageId="8" pageNumber="485">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFFFF977DEEF993FE8FCF66" bold="true" box="[199,315,1539,1563]" pageId="8" pageNumber="485">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Further investigation of the molecular data (combining CO1 and NADH2 data) indicated that four species are involved, rather than three (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13282A42FFFFFF977F62F9B6FD3BCF42" box="[587,655,1574,1599]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1889,1911]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,771,1860]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1435,769,1868]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 8. Neighbour-joining tree based on p-distances derived from an alignment of mitochondrial NADH 2 sequences (1044 sites), after Naylor et al. (unpubl.)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261261/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="485">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D44FFFFFF977F8AF9B7FCFCCF43" box="[675,840,1574,1598]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="485" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miraletus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFFFF977F8AF9B7FCFCCF43" box="[675,840,1574,1598]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="485">Raja miraletus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be confined to the Mediterranean Sea, and the North-East Atlantic from the Bay of Biscay south to Morocco and Madeira; it is represented in CO1 datasets from Greece, Israel, Italy, Malta and Portugal (Ward, unpubl.). The southernmost form, referable to the resurrected species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D44FFFFFF977DD9F903FE2DCFD6" box="[240,409,1683,1707]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="485" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFFFF977DD9F903FE2DCFD6" box="[240,409,1683,1707]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="485">Raja ocellifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D44FFFFFF977CE0F903FDE7CFD6" box="[457,595,1683,1707]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="485" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miraletus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFFFF977CE0F903FDE7CFD6" box="[457,595,1683,1707]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="485">R. miraletus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) occurs off southern Africa from South Africa (False Bay to Durban) and Namibia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B36FFFFFF977C2CF927FDBDCFB2" author="Compagno" box="[261,521,1718,1743]" pageId="8" pageNumber="485" refString="Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 160 pp." type="book" year="1989">
|
||
Compagno
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFFFF977CA1F927FE0DCFB3" box="[392,441,1718,1742]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="485">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1989
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); it is distinguishable from the other taxa in both CO1 and NADH2 analyses.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D44FFFFFF97784EF927FF6DCF8F" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="485" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFFFF97784EF927FF6DCF8F" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="485">Raja parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25457AEFFFFFF977DC9F94BFE8CCF8F" box="[224,312,1755,1778]" pageId="8" pageNumber="485" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is confirmed from Senegal, Liberia and Angola based on images, specimens and molecular data. It probably occurs more widely between Senegal and Angola, but its distribution needs to be better defined. A fourth species needing further investigation,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D44FFFFFF977F7BF8B3FCBCCE46" box="[594,776,1826,1851]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="485" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miraletus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFFFF977F7BF8B3FDD7CE47" box="[594,611,1827,1850]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="485">R</emphasis>
|
||
. cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFFFF977FB7F8B3FCBCCE46" box="[670,776,1827,1851]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="485">miraletus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is confirmed from Mauritania, and Senegal where it is sympatric with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D44FFFFFF977C6CF8D7FE11CE23" box="[325,421,1863,1886]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="485" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFFFF977C6CF8D7FE11CE23" box="[325,421,1863,1886]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="485">R. parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25457AEFFFFFF977C85F8D7FDB7CE23" box="[428,515,1863,1886]" pageId="8" pageNumber="485" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C309654CFFFFFF947DEEF8FBFBF5CCAD" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="488" pageId="8" pageNumber="485" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36C7FFFFFF967DEEF8FBFF7ECBB1" blockId="8.[151,1436,782,2031]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,716]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="486" pageId="8" pageNumber="485">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D44FFFFFF977DEEF8FBFEFCCEFF" ID-CoL="6X3C5" box="[199,328,1899,1922]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="485" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFFFF977DEEF8FBFEFCCEFF" box="[199,328,1899,1922]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="485">Raja parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25457AEFFFFFF977C78F8FBFE1FCEFF" box="[337,427,1899,1922]" pageId="8" pageNumber="485" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is distinguishable from non-West African members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D44FFFFFF977973F8FBFB52CEFE" ID-CoL="6X3LW" box="[1114,1254,1899,1923]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="485" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miraletus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFFFF977973F8FBFB52CEFE" box="[1114,1254,1899,1923]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="485">R. miraletus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex by its widely separated dorsal fins and longer procaudal length (22–24%
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFFFF977EACF81FFC17CEDB" box="[901,931,1935,1958]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="485">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
16–19% TL and 20–21% TL in comparative material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D44FFFFFF977C0BF823FE04CEB6" ID-CoL="6X3LW" box="[290,432,1971,1995]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="485" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miraletus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFFFF977C0BF823FE04CEB6" box="[290,432,1971,1995]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="485">R. miraletus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D44FFFFFF977CD9F823FDCBCEB6" ID-CoL="78RL3" box="[496,639,1971,1995]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="485" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFFFF977CD9F823FDCBCEB6" box="[496,639,1971,1995]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="485">R. ocellifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
respectively).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B36FFFFFF977E06F822FBE4CEB6" box="[815,1104,1970,1995]" pageId="8" pageNumber="485" refString="McEachran, J. D., Seret, B. & Miyake, T. (1989) Morphological variation within Raja miraletus and status of R. ocellifera (Chondrichthyes, Rajoidei). Copeia, 1989 (3), 629 - 641. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1445490" type="journal article">
|
||
McEachran
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFFFF977E95F823FC4ECEB6" box="[956,1018,1971,1995]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="485">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1989)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
observed that West African populations differed markedly from those in the Mediterranean and off
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3047657FFFFFF977ED0F846FB3BCE92" box="[1017,1167,2006,2031]" name="South Africa" pageId="8" pageNumber="485">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
based on their longer interdorsal distances (see fig. 4 of their paper) and this pattern was also evident in a higher number of interdorsal centra (usually 15 or more,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13282A42FFFEFF967CE6FF2CFDA5C9A8" box="[463,529,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="6.[151,250,886,908]" captionTargetBox="[167,1419,205,835]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,864]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 6. Median and dorsolateral thorns at the tail midlength of Raja parva sp. nov., adult male holotype (USNM 193744, 371 mm TL, Liberia, preserved). A. Dorsal view. B. Lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261259/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="486">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
of their paper) of their paper. Apart from the morphometry of the posterior tail,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D44FFFEFF967DBEFF71FF49C985" ID-CoL="6X3C5" box="[151,253,225,248]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="486" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFEFF967DBEFF71FF49C985" box="[151,253,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="486">R. parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D44FFFEFF967CB7FF71FD98C985" ID-CoL="6X3LW" box="[414,556,224,248]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="486" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miraletus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFEFF967CB7FF71FD98C985" box="[414,556,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="486">R. miraletus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in clasper structure (particularly the dtr1, dtr2, atr1, atr2, atr3 and ventral terminal cartilages), and also has a much higher predorsal tail centra count (usually 52 or more
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFEFF9679FDFE95FB47C861" box="[1236,1267,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="486">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
52 or less; see
|
||
<figureCitation id="13282A42FFFEFF967DBEFEB7FF6AC83D" box="[151,222,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="6.[151,250,886,908]" captionTargetBox="[167,1419,205,835]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,864]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 6. Median and dorsolateral thorns at the tail midlength of Raja parva sp. nov., adult male holotype (USNM 193744, 371 mm TL, Liberia, preserved). A. Dorsal view. B. Lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261259/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="486">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B36FFFEFF967DC7FEB7FDB1C83D" author="McEachran" box="[238,517,295,320]" pageId="9" pageNumber="486" refString="McEachran, J. D., Seret, B. & Miyake, T. (1989) Morphological variation within Raja miraletus and status of R. ocellifera (Chondrichthyes, Rajoidei). Copeia, 1989 (3), 629 - 641. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1445490" type="journal article" year="1989">
|
||
McEachran
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFEFF967C53FEB9FE03C83D" box="[378,439,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="486">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1989
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Comparative material from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3047657FFFEFF967E49FEB7FC2AC83D" box="[864,926,295,320]" name="Israel" pageId="9" pageNumber="486">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D44FFFEFF967EE5FEB9FBEDC83D" ID-CoL="6X3LW" box="[972,1113,296,320]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="486" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miraletus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFEFF967EE5FEB9FBEDC83D" box="[972,1113,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="486">R. miraletus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has smaller pectoral ocelli, possibly less well-developed malar thorns and a smoother ventral head. All four specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D44FFFEFF96799EFEDDFAEAC819" ID-CoL="78RL3" box="[1207,1374,332,356]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="486" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFEFF96799EFEDDFAEAC819" box="[1207,1374,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="486">Raja ocellifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3047657FFFEFF967DBEFEFFFE93C8F5" box="[151,295,367,392]" name="South Africa" pageId="9" pageNumber="486">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
have a broader disc, broader tail, and well-developed lumbar thorns and single scapular thorns in the smallest specimen (
|
||
<quantity id="4CEB9B22FFFEFF967C53FE04FE68C8D1" box="[378,476,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.21" pageId="9" pageNumber="486" unit="mm" value="221.0">221 mm</quantity>
|
||
TL); the pectoral ocelli are very similar in both species. Further resolution of the species complex is work in progress. Off West Africa,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D44FFFEFF967FD4FE28FCCFC8AD" ID-CoL="6X3C5" box="[765,891,440,464]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="486" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFEFF967FD4FE28FCCFC8AD" box="[765,891,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="486">Raja parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25457AEFFFEFF967EABFE28FC6FC8B2" box="[898,987,440,463]" pageId="9" pageNumber="486" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, based on limited data, appears to differ from the morphologically similar
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D44FFFEFF967F32FE4DFD78C889" ID-CoL="6X3LW" box="[539,716,476,501]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="486" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miraletus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFEFF967F32FE4DFD98C889" box="[539,556,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="486">R</emphasis>
|
||
. cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFEFF967F4BFE4CFD78C889" box="[610,716,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="486">miraletus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by a typically narrower disc (57.1–60.1%
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFEFF967991FE4DFB62C889" box="[1208,1238,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="486">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
58.5–66.3% TL) and slightly shorter tail (tail length 1.20–1.39
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFEFF967F8AFD91FD75CB65" box="[675,705,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="486">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
1.38–1.43 times precloacal length), smaller spiracle (length 2.0– 2.3%
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFEFF967DF0FDB5FF43CB41" box="[217,247,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="486">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
2.4–2.8% TL), and narrower tail (tail width at pelvic-fin insertion 3.02–2.47
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFEFF967976FDB5FBCACB41" box="[1119,1150,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="486">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
1.77–1.99 times width at its midlength; tail width at first dorsal-fin origin 1.1–1.3%
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFEFF967E1AFDD9FCE5CB1D" box="[819,849,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="486">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
1.5–1.8% TL).
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFEFF96792EFDD9FBACCB1D" box="[1031,1048,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="486">R</emphasis>
|
||
aja
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D44FFFEFF967968FDD7FB7BCB1D" ID-CoL="6X3LW" box="[1089,1231,583,608]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="486" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miraletus">
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFEFF96794CFDD8FB7BCB1D" box="[1125,1231,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="486">miraletus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to have a more broadly pointed snout and probably attains a larger size; largest specimen a female
|
||
<quantity id="4CEB9B22FFFEFF9679B8FDFCFB44CBF9" box="[1169,1264,620,645]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.93" pageId="9" pageNumber="486" unit="mm" value="593.0">593 mm</quantity>
|
||
TL, with adult males 587 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CEB9B22FFFEFF967C6BFD1FFE14CBDA" box="[322,416,655,680]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" pageId="9" pageNumber="486" unit="mm" value="590.0">590 mm</quantity>
|
||
TL and a juvenile male juvenile
|
||
<quantity id="4CEB9B22FFFEFF967E30FD00FCC3CBDA" box="[793,887,656,680]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4799999999999995" pageId="9" pageNumber="486" unit="mm" value="448.0">448 mm</quantity>
|
||
TL (male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A88865FFFEFF967ED9FD1FFBE6CBD5" box="[1008,1106,655,680]" pageId="9" pageNumber="486" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D44FFFEFF967950FD01FB6ECBD5" ID-CoL="6X3C5" box="[1145,1242,657,680]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="486" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFEFF967950FD01FB6ECBD5" box="[1145,1242,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="486">R. parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
adult at
|
||
<quantity id="4CEB9B22FFFEFF967817FD00FA28CBDA" box="[1342,1436,656,680]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.71" pageId="9" pageNumber="486" unit="mm" value="371.0">371 mm</quantity>
|
||
TL).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6C664FFFFEFF967DBEF8F1FD86CEE8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261261/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="486" targetBox="[151,1435,771,1860]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36C7FFFEFF967DBEF8F1FD86CEE8" blockId="9.[151,1436,1889,1942]" pageId="9" pageNumber="486">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFEFF967DBEF8F1FEA4CE0A" bold="true" box="[151,272,1889,1911]" pageId="9" pageNumber="486">FIGURE 8</emphasis>
|
||
. Neighbour-joining tree based on p-distances derived from an alignment of mitochondrial NADH2 sequences (1044 sites), after Naylor
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFEFF967CB5F811FE7BCEE8" box="[412,463,1919,1942]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="486">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(unpubl.)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF6C664FFFFDFF957DBEF831FF53CEAB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261262/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="487" targetBox="[279,1297,221,1879]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36C7FFFDFF957DBEF831FF53CEAB" blockId="10.[151,1435,1953,2006]" pageId="10" pageNumber="487">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFDFF957DBEF831FEA7CECA" bold="true" box="[151,275,1953,1975]" pageId="10" pageNumber="487">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D44FFFDFF957C33F832FE64CECA" ID-CoL="6X3LW" box="[282,464,1953,1975]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miraletus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFDFF957C33F832FEFECECA" box="[282,330,1954,1975]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="487">Raja</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFDFF957C58F831FE64CECA" box="[369,464,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="487">miraletus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female (MNHN 2016-0096, 593 mm TL, Mauritania, preserved): A, dorsal surface; B, ventral surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF6C664FFFFCFF947DBEFB13FEE9CDC5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261263/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="488" targetBox="[188,1397,193,1133]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36C7FFFCFF947DBEFB13FEE9CDC5" blockId="11.[151,1436,1155,1208]" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFCFF947DBEFB13FE94CDE4" bold="true" box="[151,288,1155,1177]" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Map showing the locations of types of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D44FFFCFF947F9FFB14FC9CCDE4" ID-CoL="6X3C5" box="[694,808,1156,1177]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFCFF947F9FFB14FC9CCDE4" box="[694,808,1156,1177]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">Raja parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFCFF947E06FB13FC34CDE4" bold="true" box="[815,896,1155,1177]" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25457AEFFFCFF947E06FB13FC34CDE4" box="[815,896,1155,1177]" pageId="11" pageNumber="488" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, in the eastern Atlantic (star represents the holotype, dots the paratypes).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36C7FFFCFF947DEEFB4FFBF5CCAD" blockId="11.[151,1436,1247,1488]" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">
|
||
Without the advantage of molecular data, observed morphological and anatomical differences in the populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D44FFFCFF947C68FA94FE78CC66" ID-CoL="6X3LW" box="[321,460,1283,1307]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miraletus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFCFF947C68FA94FE78CC66" box="[321,460,1283,1307]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">R. miraletus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like skates in the Eastern Atlantic were considered by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B36FFFCFF947916FA93FAEFCC61" box="[1087,1371,1283,1308]" pageId="11" pageNumber="488" refString="McEachran, J. D., Seret, B. & Miyake, T. (1989) Morphological variation within Raja miraletus and status of R. ocellifera (Chondrichthyes, Rajoidei). Copeia, 1989 (3), 629 - 641. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1445490" type="journal article">
|
||
McEachran
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFCFF9479E1FA94FABCCC66" box="[1224,1288,1283,1307]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||
(1989)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to be due to clinal variability. However, the hydrography-based hypothesis proposed to explain this variability are likely to be valid. They postulated that an upwelling at
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7F825FFFCFF947FC5FADCFC92CC19" box="[748,806,1356,1380]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Blanco (21°N) may have isolated the Mediterranean population (i.e.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D44FFFCFF947C78FAE0FE6ACCFA" ID-CoL="6X3LW" box="[337,478,1391,1415]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miraletus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFCFF947C78FAE0FE6ACCFA" box="[337,478,1391,1415]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">R. miraletus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) from Mauritania-Senegal populations (now known to be two species). Similarly, upwelling off
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7F825FFFCFF947C69FA04FECDCCD1" box="[320,377,1428,1452]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Frio (18°S) and the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7F825FFFCFF947F52FA03FD51CCD1" box="[635,741,1427,1452]" country="Angola" name="Benguela" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">Benguela</collectingRegion>
|
||
Current were thought to be responsible for separating the Angolan population (i.e.
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFCFF947C86FA28FDAECCB2" box="[431,538,1464,1487]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D44FFFCFF947C86FA28FDA6CCB2" ID-CoL="6X3C5" box="[431,530,1464,1487]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">R. parva</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and South African population (i.e.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D44FFFCFF947E8FFA28FB85CCB2" ID-CoL="78RL3" box="[934,1073,1463,1487]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAD5FFFCFF947E8FFA28FB85CCB2" box="[934,1073,1463,1487]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="488">R. ocellifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |