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<document id="A778DE0709DE42B0854C31D819004BF9" ID-CLB-Dataset="3358" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz084" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4b251dc5-0ae0-4994-899d-c373c05cb168" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5719126" ID-ZooBank="A96FDB05-0C79-4824-84EE-284E1AAB5383" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1619628565997" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Martin, Storm Blas, Downie, Abigail Jayne &amp; Cribb, Thomas Herbert" docDate="2020" docId="03BA87B0FFAB3F52FCC9FA25FE2EFBB8" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoolJLinnSoc.188.455-472.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 188" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Hamacreadiinae Martin, Dowie &amp; Cribb 2020, SUBFAM. NOV." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="467" masterDocId="FF83FFC8FFA23F5EFF98FFCCFFF7FF8D" masterDocTitle="A new subfamily for a clade of opecoelids (Trematoda: Digenea) exploiting marine fishes as second-intermediate hosts, with the first report of opecoelid metacercariae from an elasmobranch" masterLastPageNumber="472" masterPageNumber="455" pageNumber="464" updateTime="1698937935003" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="764993A11937450BDEC58B8960F1CBC3">A new subfamily for a clade of opecoelids (Trematoda: Digenea) exploiting marine fishes as second-intermediate hosts, with the first report of opecoelid metacercariae from an elasmobranch</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A30132DFB5C21E54935C2D1094A11911">Martin, Storm Blas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7EE431F87C8BFB1981AB8F60DBF72032">Downie, Abigail Jayne</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6282F69F2975EB6BF5E1EEA7EA7CEF7F">Cribb, Thomas Herbert</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="8A4EDEF44399A4EC27B79EEC14A943F2">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="8A9C046E470E4E2DE561FC5CA887C388">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="92A80DC96160DDDE2D201A707BA44361">2019-10-18</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="9D171F378F7FC7FC301D6BFE70FDEFF0">188</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="9BDB2D75380917A4F2AFFAE615749BE9">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="66822D216C731444BEC34900AE6AE8E3" type="CLB-Dataset">3358</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9955EA23F999E3CBDC80E09ACD58CAE3" type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz084</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BA87B0FFAB3F52FCC9FA25FE2EFBB8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719128" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190508480" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5719128" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA87B0FFAB3F52FCC9FA25FE2EFBB8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BA87B0FFAB3F52FCC9FA25FE2EFBB8" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="467" pageId="9" pageNumber="464">
<subSubSection id="C309652DFFAB3F57FCC9FA25FC85F9C5" pageId="9" pageNumber="464" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAC36A6FFAB3F57FCC9FA25FB1FF9AD" blockId="9.[849,1420,1513,1569]" pageId="9" pageNumber="464">
<heading id="D0E481CAFFAB3F57FCC9FA25FB1FF9AD" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="464" reason="3">
SUBFAMILY
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFAB3F57FC40FA26FBCCF9AD" ID-CoL="844SQ" authority="MARTIN, DOWIE &amp; CRIBB" authorityName="Martin, Dowie &amp; Cribb" authorityYear="2020" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="9" pageNumber="464" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" status="subfam. nov." subFamily="Hamacreadiinae">
<emphasis id="B967EAB4FFAB3F57FC40FA26FB45F98D" bold="true" box="[984,1202,1514,1538]" pageId="9" pageNumber="464">HAMACREADIINAE</emphasis>
MARTIN, DOWIE &amp; CRIBB
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B967EAB4FFAB3F57FBDAF9C0FB1FF9AD" bold="true" box="[1090,1256,1544,1568]" pageId="9" pageNumber="464">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25457CFFFAB3F57FBDAF9C0FB1FF9AD" box="[1090,1256,1544,1568]" pageId="9" pageNumber="464" rank="subFamily">SUBFAM. NOV.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC36A6FFAB3F57FCA3F9FCFC85F9C5" blockId="9.[827,882,1584,1608]" box="[827,882,1584,1608]" pageId="9" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis id="B967EAB4FFAB3F57FCA3F9FCFC85F9C5" box="[827,882,1584,1608]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="464">Lsid</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C309652DFFAB3F52FCA3F9B5FD1BFCD2" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="467" pageId="9" pageNumber="464" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BAC36A6FFAB3F54FCA3F9B5FC4DFEDB" blockId="9.[827,1443,1657,1893]" lastBlockId="10.[809,1426,197,342]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="465" pageId="9" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis id="B967EAB4FFAB3F57FCA3F9B5FC4AF903" box="[827,957,1657,1678]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="464">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Body medium to large, subcylindrical or dorsoventrally flattened and linguiform to elongate-oval. Tegument smooth. Oral sucker usually unspecialized, may be funnel shaped. Ventral sucker sessile and larger than oral sucker or pedunculate and may be smaller than ventral sucker. Prepharynx short. Pharynx smaller than oral sucker. Oesophagus unspecialized. Intestine bifurcates in forebody or Excretory vesicle tubular, may extend into forebody. Excretory pore terminal. Adults in piscivorous marine fishes. Metacercariae developing in fishes, mostly teleosts, sometimes chondrichthyans, and possibly cephalopods.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC36A6FFA83F54FCB1FEB3FAFEFE19" blockId="10.[809,1289,382,404]" box="[809,1289,382,404]" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">
<emphasis id="B967EAB4FFA83F54FCB1FEB3FC5AFE19" box="[809,941,383,404]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">
<typeStatus id="54A88804FFA83F54FCB1FEB3FCA9FE19" box="[809,862,383,404]" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">Type</typeStatus>
genus:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFA83F54FC21FEB2FAF2FE19" authority="Linton, 1910" authorityName="Linton" authorityYear="1910" box="[953,1285,382,404]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" genus="Hamacreadium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B967EAB4FFA83F54FC21FEB2FB9CFE1E" box="[953,1131,382,403]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">Hamacreadium</emphasis>
Linton, 1910
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC36A6FFA83F54FCB1FE71FABCFDE1" blockId="10.[809,1424,445,620]" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">
<emphasis id="B967EAB4FFA83F54FCB1FE71FC29FE5E" box="[809,990,445,467]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">Other genera:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFA83F54FC76FE71FA7DFE5E" authority="Pritchard, 1966" authorityName="Pritchard" authorityYear="1966" box="[1006,1418,445,467]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" genus="Allopodocotyle" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B967EAB4FFA83F54FC76FE71FB5CFE5F" box="[1006,1195,445,466]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">Allopodocotyle</emphasis>
Pritchard, 1966
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFA83F54FCB1FE10FA7BFE7C" authority="Andres, Pulis &amp; Overstreet, 2014" authorityName="Andres, Pulis &amp; Overstreet" authorityYear="2014" box="[809,1420,476,498]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" genus="Bentholebouria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B967EAB4FFA83F54FCB1FE10FC14FE7C" box="[809,995,476,497]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">Bentholebouria</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B57FFA83F54FC75FE10FA7BFE7C" author="Andres MJ &amp; Pulis EE &amp; Overstreet RM" box="[1005,1420,476,498]" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" pagination="223 - 230" refId="ref10354" refString="Andres MJ, Pulis EE, Overstreet RM. 2014 a. New genus of opecoelid trematode from Pristipomoides aquilonaris (Perciformes: Lutjanidae) and its phylogenetic affinity within the family Opecoelidae. Folia Parasitologica 61: 223 - 230." type="journal article" year="2014">Andres, Pulis &amp; Overstreet, 2014</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFA83F54FCB1FE36FB8CFD9D" authority="Nicoll, 1909" authorityName="Nicoll" authorityYear="1909" box="[809,1147,506,528]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" genus="Cainocreadium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B967EAB4FFA83F54FCB1FE36FC17FD82" box="[809,992,506,527]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">Cainocreadium</emphasis>
Nicoll, 1909
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFA83F54FB11FE36FC3FFDA3" authority="Nitta &amp; Tanaka, 2018" authorityName="Nitta &amp; Tanaka" authorityYear="2018" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" genus="Choanotrema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B967EAB4FFA83F54FB11FE36FADDFD82" box="[1161,1322,506,527]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">Choanotrema</emphasis>
Nitta &amp; Tanaka, 2018
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFA83F54FC4CFDD5FA7BFDA2" authority="Durio &amp; Manter, 1968" authorityName="Durio &amp; Manter" authorityYear="1968" box="[980,1420,537,559]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" genus="Pacificreadium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B967EAB4FFA83F54FC4CFDD5FB73FDA3" box="[980,1156,537,558]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">Pacificreadium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B57FFA83F54FB13FDD5FA7BFDA2" author="Durio WO &amp; Manter HW" box="[1163,1420,537,559]" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" pagination="747 - 756" refId="ref11670" refString="Durio WO, Manter HW. 1968. Some digenetic trematodes of marine fishes of New Caledonia. Part II. Opecoelidae and Lepocreadiidae. Journal of Parasitology 54: 747 - 756." type="journal article" year="1968">Durio &amp; Manter, 1968</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFA83F54FCB1FDF4FB6DFDC0" authority="Yamaguti, 1939" authorityName="Yamaguti" authorityYear="1939" box="[809,1178,568,590]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" genus="Paraplagioporus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B967EAB4FFA83F54FCB1FDF4FC12FDC0" box="[809,997,568,589]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">Paraplagioporus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B57FFA83F54FC71FDF4FB6DFDC0" author="Yamaguti S" box="[1001,1178,568,590]" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" pagination="211 - 230" refId="ref14395" refString="Yamaguti S. 1939. Studies of the helminth fauna of Japan Part 26. Trematodes of fishes, VI. Japanese Journal of Zoology 8: 211 - 230." type="journal article" year="1939">Yamaguti, 1939</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFA83F54FB3AFDF4FC2BFDE1" authority="Yamaguti, 1934" authorityName="Yamaguti" authorityYear="1934" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" genus="Pedunculacetabulum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B967EAB4FFA83F54FB3AFDF4FA67FDC0" box="[1186,1424,568,589]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">Pedunculacetabulum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B57FFA83F54FCB1FD9AFC2BFDE1" author="Yamaguti S" box="[809,988,598,620]" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" pagination="249 - 541" refId="ref14363" refString="Yamaguti S. 1934. Studies on the helminth fauna of Japan. Part 2. Trematodes of fishes. I. Japanese Journal of Zoology 5: 249 - 541." type="journal article" year="1934">Yamaguti, 1934</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFA83F54FC7FFD9AFAB0FDE1" authority="Yamaguti, 1934" authorityName="Yamaguti" authorityYear="1934" box="[999,1351,598,620]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" genus="Podocotyloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B967EAB4FFA83F54FC7FFD9AFB7BFDE6" box="[999,1164,598,619]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">Podocotyloides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B57FFA83F54FB0AFD9AFAB0FDE1" author="Yamaguti S" box="[1170,1351,598,620]" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" pagination="249 - 541" refId="ref14363" refString="Yamaguti S. 1934. Studies on the helminth fauna of Japan. Part 2. Trematodes of fishes. I. Japanese Journal of Zoology 5: 249 - 541." type="journal article" year="1934">Yamaguti, 1934</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6C662EFFA83F54FF09FB52FEA6FAA7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719134" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5719134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719134/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" startId="10.[145,226,1182,1204]" targetBox="[146,771,196,1142]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BAC36A6FFA83F54FF09FB52FEA6FAA7" blockId="10.[145,761,1182,1322]" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">
<emphasis id="B967EAB4FFA83F54FF09FB52FF09FB3E" bold="true" box="[145,254,1182,1204]" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">Figure 2.</emphasis>
One of thousands of metacercariae recovered from the flesh of the pectoral and pelvic fins of five epaulette sharks,
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFA83F54FF6AFB15FDE5FB62" baseAuthorityName="Bonnaterre" baseAuthorityYear="1788" box="[242,530,1241,1263]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Hemiscylliidae" genus="Hemiscyllium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orectolobiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellatum">
<emphasis id="B967EAB4FFA83F54FF6AFB15FDE5FB62" box="[242,530,1241,1263]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">Hemiscyllium ocellatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFA83F54FDBEFB15FD03FB62" box="[550,756,1241,1263]" class="Elasmobranchii" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orectolobiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Orectolobiformes</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFA83F54FF09FB3AFED8FA81" authorityName="T.N.Gill" authorityYear="1862" box="[145,303,1270,1292]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Hemiscylliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orectolobiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Hemiscylliidae</taxonomicName>
), collected from the reef flat at Heron Island. Scale bar: 300 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAC36A6FFA83F54FF09FAA2FA9AFB5F" blockId="10.[145,761,1390,1903]" lastBlockId="10.[809,1426,661,1909]" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">
dorsal to ventral sucker. Caeca blind, terminate beyond testes near posterior extremity. Testes two, in hindbody, diagonal or tandem. Cirrus sac well developed, subcylindrical to claviform. Seminal vesicle internal, large. Pars prostatica prominent. Ejaculatory duct usually long. Genital atrium often conspicuous. Genital pore ventral, medial or sinistro-submedial, prebifurcal or postbifurcal. Ovary dextro-submedial or medial, smooth to deeply lobed, usually smaller than testes. Canalicular seminal receptacle present, often large, conspicuous. Laurer’s canal opens dorsal to ovarian complex. Vitellarium follicular; follicles extensive, circumcaecal. Uterus arranged into loose, poorly defined coils, intercaecal, often confined to space between gonads and ventral sucker, may extend between testes, with or without metraterm. Eggs without polar filaments. Mehlis’ gland present.
<emphasis id="B967EAB4FFA83F54FCB1FD5AFC50FD26" box="[809,935,661,683]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">Remarks:</emphasis>
All opecoelids recognized here in the
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFA83F54FCCFFD78FBEFFD47" authorityName="Martin, Dowie &amp; Cribb" authorityYear="2020" box="[855,1048,692,714]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hamacreadiinae">Hamacreadiinae</taxonomicName>
have been transferred from the previous, much larger definition of the
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFA83F54FB68FD1EFA67FD65" authorityName="Manter" authorityYear="1947" box="[1264,1424,722,744]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Plagioporinae">Plagioporinae</taxonomicName>
(i.e.
<emphasis id="B967EAB4FFA83F54FCFEFD3DFC7CFC8B" box="[870,907,753,774]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">s.l.</emphasis>
). Morphologically, hamacreadiines can generally be distinguished from plagioporines by a longer excretory vesicle reaching at least to the level of the ovary and, in many cases, a less extensive uterus, mainly restricted to the intercaecal space between the ventral sucker and the gonads and usually not extending beyond the testes posteriorly. Like the
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFA83F54FC3BFC04FBA0FC53" authorityName="Manter" authorityYear="1947" box="[931,1111,968,990]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Plagioporinae">Plagioporinae</taxonomicName>
, the
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFA83F54FB05FC04FA98FC53" authorityName="Martin, Dowie &amp; Cribb" authorityYear="2020" box="[1181,1391,968,990]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hamacreadiinae">Hamacreadiinae</taxonomicName>
is defined for taxa with a well-developed cirrus sac and a canalicular seminal vesicle, distinguishing the subfamily from the
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFA83F54FBDDFBE8FB21FBB7" authorityName="Ozaki" authorityYear="1925" box="[1093,1238,1060,1082]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Opecoelinae">Opecoelinae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFA83F54FB7BFBE8FA7BFBB7" authorityName="Gibson &amp; Bray" authorityYear="1984" box="[1251,1420,1060,1082]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Opecoelininae">Opecoelininae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFA83F54FCB1FB8FFB73FBD5" authorityName="Martin, Cutmore &amp; Cribb" authorityYear="2018" box="[809,1156,1090,1112]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Polypipapiliotrematinae">Polypipapiliotrematinae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFA83F54FB43FB8EFA7FFBD5" authorityName="Yamaguti" authorityYear="1970" box="[1243,1416,1090,1112]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Stenakrinae">Stenakrinae</taxonomicName>
. Hamacreadiines can also be distinguished easily from taxa belonging to the
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFA83F54FBBEFB4CFB12FB1B" box="[1062,1253,1152,1174]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Bathycreadiinae">Bathycreadiinae</taxonomicName>
by blind caeca and those of the
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFA83F54FC7EFB52FB62FB39" authorityName="Bray, Cribb, Littlewood &amp; Waeschenbach" authorityYear="2016" box="[998,1173,1182,1204]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Helicometrinae">Helicometrinae</taxonomicName>
by unfilamented eggs and an unspecialized, as opposed to helical, uterus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC36A6FFA83F55FCD9FB10FB28F8D5" blockId="10.[809,1426,661,1909]" lastBlockId="11.[827,1443,1797,1880]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="466" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">
No single character or combination of characters reliably distinguishes all hamacreadiine taxa from all those belonging to the
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFA83F54FBCDFAD5FAEBFAA2" authorityName="Fukui" authorityYear="1929" box="[1109,1308,1305,1327]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Opistholebetinae">Opistholebetinae</taxonomicName>
. However, many, but not all, opistholebetines have a post-oral muscular ring, a forebody composing more than half the body length and/or pigment granules distributed throughout the parenchyma, features unique to that subfamily among the
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFA83F54FBBEFA7EFB43FA45" authorityName="Ozaki" authorityYear="1925" box="[1062,1204,1458,1480]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Opecoelidae</taxonomicName>
. Additionally, most opistholebetines are robust, with a thick tegument, and some are pyriform to almost round, whereas hamacreadiines are mostly either large, dorsoventrally flattened and linguiform to elongate-oval, or elongate and subcylindrical with a pedunculate ventral sucker. The
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFA83F54FC2DF9A6FB81F90D" authorityName="Martin, Dowie &amp; Cribb" authorityYear="2020" box="[949,1142,1642,1664]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hamacreadiinae">Hamacreadiinae</taxonomicName>
is perhaps most similar to the
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFA83F54FCE3F945FBD1F912" authorityName="Dollfus" authorityYear="1959" box="[891,1062,1673,1695]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Podocotylinae">Podocotylinae</taxonomicName>
. There is no clear distinction between the two, although representative taxa are relatively distantly related phylogenetically (
<figureCitation id="13282A23FFA83F54FAFBF90AFCC0F977" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="11.[163,241,1613,1635]" captionTargetBox="[242,1363,196,1572]" captionTargetId="figure-74@11.[241,1364,195,1573]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 3. The pylogenetic pattern of second-intermediate host groups, including Amphipoda, Cephalopoda, Chondricthyes, Decapoda, Echinoidea, Gastropoda, Hirudinea, Insecta, Oligochaeta and Osteichthyes, exploited by the Opecoelidae, constructed through maximum likelihood analysis of partial 28S ribosomal DNA data, with two brachycladioids forming the outgroup. Taxa in collapsed clades and GenBank accession numbers for all taxa are listed in Table 3. New sequence data are in bold. Support values &lt;50% are omitted. Scale bar indicates the number of substitutions per site." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719136/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
) and podocotylines appear mostly to occur in the deep sea and possibly northern, temperate regions.
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B57FFA83F54FCB1F8EEFBF1F8B5" author="Martin SB &amp; Huston DC &amp; Cutmore SC &amp; Cribb TH" box="[809,1030,1826,1848]" pageId="10" pageNumber="465" pagination="385 - 413" refId="ref12987" refString="Martin SB, Huston DC, Cutmore SC, Cribb TH. 2019. A new classification for deep-sea, opecoelid trematodes based on the phylogenetic position of some unusual taxa from shallow-water, herbivorous fishes off south-west Australia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 186: 385 - 413." type="journal article" year="2019">
Martin
<emphasis id="B967EAB4FFA83F54FC18F8EFFC4FF8BA" box="[896,952,1826,1848]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="465">et al.</emphasis>
(2019)
</bibRefCitation>
suggested that some details of the male terminal genitalia might unite the podocotyline taxa, to the exclusion of taxa now considered in the
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFA93F55FF53F8C9FE7DF896" authorityName="Martin, Dowie &amp; Cribb" authorityYear="2020" box="[203,394,1797,1819]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hamacreadiinae">Hamacreadiinae</taxonomicName>
. Specifically, they noted a tendency for the cirrus sac to be small and for the seminal vesicle to become long, thin and sinuous anteriorly. These are hardly strong characters, and further investigation into the bounds of the
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFA93F55FBC8F8EFFB01F8B4" authorityName="Dollfus" authorityYear="1959" box="[1104,1270,1827,1849]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Podocotylinae">Podocotylinae</taxonomicName>
is required to improve its morphological definition.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6C662EFFA93F55FF3BF981FB2FF954" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719136" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5719136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719136/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" startId="11.[163,241,1613,1635]" targetBox="[242,1363,196,1572]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8BAC36A6FFA93F55FF3BF981FB2FF954" blockId="11.[163,1443,1613,1753]" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">
<emphasis id="B967EAB4FFA93F55FF3BF981FEFDF9EF" bold="true" box="[163,266,1613,1635]" pageId="11" pageNumber="466">Figure 3.</emphasis>
The pylogenetic pattern of second-intermediate host groups, including Amphipoda,
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFA93F55FBEBF981FA69F9EE" authority=", Chondricthyes" authorityName="Chondricthyes" box="[1139,1438,1613,1635]" class="Cephalopoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="class">Cephalopoda, Chondricthyes</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFA93F55FF3BF9A7FE61F90C" authority=", Echinoidea" authorityName="Echinoidea" box="[163,406,1643,1665]" class="Malacostraca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Decapoda, Echinoidea</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFA93F55FE3AF9A7FD57F90C" authority=", Hirudinea" authorityName="Hirudinea" box="[418,672,1643,1665]" class="Gastropoda" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Mollusca" rank="class">Gastropoda, Hirudinea</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFA93F55FD35F9A7FBA2F90C" authority=", Oligochaeta and Osteichthyes" authorityName="Oligochaeta and Osteichthyes" box="[685,1109,1643,1665]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Chordata" rank="class">Insecta, Oligochaeta and Osteichthyes</taxonomicName>
, exploited by the
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFA93F55FA82F9A7FA68F90C" authorityName="Ozaki" authorityYear="1925" box="[1306,1439,1643,1665]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="11" pageNumber="466" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Opecoelidae</taxonomicName>
, constructed through maximum likelihood analysis of partial 28S ribosomal DNA data, with two brachycladioids forming the outgroup. Taxa in collapsed clades and GenBank accession numbers for all taxa are listed in Table 3. New sequence data are in bold. Support values &lt;50% are omitted. Scale bar indicates the number of substitutions per site.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAC36A6FFAE3F52FF31FF09FD1BFCD2" blockId="12.[145,762,197,1078]" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">
The taxa belonging to the group termed the marine
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFAE3F52FF09FF28FEDAFF77" authorityName="Manter" authorityYear="1947" box="[145,301,228,250]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="12" pageNumber="467" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Plagioporinae">Plagioporinae</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B967EAB4FFAE3F52FEA2FF28FEAEFF74" box="[314,345,228,249]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">s.l.</emphasis>
) clade C (
<figureCitation id="13282A23FFAE3F52FE5DFF28FDF5FF74" box="[453,514,228,250]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="11.[163,241,1613,1635]" captionTargetBox="[242,1363,196,1572]" captionTargetId="figure-74@11.[241,1364,195,1573]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 3. The pylogenetic pattern of second-intermediate host groups, including Amphipoda, Cephalopoda, Chondricthyes, Decapoda, Echinoidea, Gastropoda, Hirudinea, Insecta, Oligochaeta and Osteichthyes, exploited by the Opecoelidae, constructed through maximum likelihood analysis of partial 28S ribosomal DNA data, with two brachycladioids forming the outgroup. Taxa in collapsed clades and GenBank accession numbers for all taxa are listed in Table 3. New sequence data are in bold. Support values &lt;50% are omitted. Scale bar indicates the number of substitutions per site." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719136/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
) will probably require a subfamily of their own in the near future, although the prospect of establishing a morphological basis for such a concept seems challenging at present. Except for some species with especially small eggs, most of these taxa are especially generalized in morphology and cannot be delineated reliably from the
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFAE3F52FDA0FE50FD03FE3F" authorityName="Martin, Dowie &amp; Cribb" authorityYear="2020" box="[568,756,412,434]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="12" pageNumber="467" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hamacreadiinae">Hamacreadiinae</taxonomicName>
, although generally they are smaller species. They are not included here in the new subfamily on the basis of phylogenetic distinction. Conversely, although
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFAE3F52FF09FDDBFE37FDA1" authorityName="Bray &amp; Cribb" authorityYear="1989" baseAuthorityName="Yamaguti" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[145,448,535,556]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" genus="Macvicaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="12" pageNumber="467" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="macassarensis">
<emphasis id="B967EAB4FFAE3F52FF09FDDBFE37FDA1" box="[145,448,535,556]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">Macvicaria macassarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFAE3F52FE63FDDAFD99FDC7" authority="(Rudolphi, 1919) Bartoli &amp; Gibson, 1999" authorityName="Bartoli &amp; Gibson" authorityYear="1999" baseAuthorityName="Rudolphi" baseAuthorityYear="1919" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" genus="Podocotyle" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="12" pageNumber="467" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="scorpaenae">
<emphasis id="B967EAB4FFAE3F52FE63FDDAFD0FFDA1" box="[507,760,534,556]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">Podocotyle scorpaenae</emphasis>
(Rudolphi, 1919) Bartoli &amp; Gibson, 1999
</taxonomicName>
resolved in the
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFAE3F52FF26FD98FE8AFDE7" authorityName="Martin, Dowie &amp; Cribb" authorityYear="2020" box="[190,381,596,618]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="12" pageNumber="467" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hamacreadiinae">Hamacreadiinae</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13282A23FFAE3F52FE15FD98FE23FDE4" box="[397,468,596,618]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="9.[163,243,1210,1232]" captionTargetBox="[292,1314,196,1169]" captionTargetId="figure-180@9.[291,1315,195,1170]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 1. Midpoint-rooted neighbour-joining analysis of partial 5.8S-ITS2–partial 28S rDNA data for Hamacreadiinae, including those generated from metacercariae (M) and cercariae (C), with Polypipapiliotrema stenometra (Polypipapiliotrematinae) forming the outgroup. New sequence data are in bold. References for all GenBank accession numbers are provided in Table 1. Nodal supports are from 1000 bootstrap pseudoreplicates. Evolutionary distances were computed using the number of differences, and the scale bar indicates the number of substitutions per sequence, across 436 bp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719130/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13282A23FFAE3F52FE79FD98FE18FDE4" box="[481,495,596,617]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="11.[163,241,1613,1635]" captionTargetBox="[242,1363,196,1572]" captionTargetId="figure-74@11.[241,1364,195,1573]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 3. The pylogenetic pattern of second-intermediate host groups, including Amphipoda, Cephalopoda, Chondricthyes, Decapoda, Echinoidea, Gastropoda, Hirudinea, Insecta, Oligochaeta and Osteichthyes, exploited by the Opecoelidae, constructed through maximum likelihood analysis of partial 28S ribosomal DNA data, with two brachycladioids forming the outgroup. Taxa in collapsed clades and GenBank accession numbers for all taxa are listed in Table 3. New sequence data are in bold. Support values &lt;50% are omitted. Scale bar indicates the number of substitutions per site." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719136/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">3</figureCitation>
), it seems that neither species is a genuine representative of its nominal genus and thus neither
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFAE3F52FECBFD5EFE25FD2A" authorityName="Gibson &amp; Bray" authorityYear="1982" box="[339,466,658,679]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" genus="Macvicaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="12" pageNumber="467" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B967EAB4FFAE3F52FECBFD5EFE25FD2A" box="[339,466,658,679]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">Macvicaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nor
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFAE3F52FD9CFD5DFD8EFD2B" authorityName="Dujardin" authorityYear="1845" box="[516,633,657,678]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" genus="Podocotyle" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="12" pageNumber="467" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B967EAB4FFAE3F52FD9CFD5DFD8EFD2B" box="[516,633,657,678]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">Podocotyle</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is included here in the
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFAE3F52FE88FD7CFE3AFD4B" authorityName="Martin, Dowie &amp; Cribb" authorityYear="2020" box="[272,461,688,710]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="12" pageNumber="467" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hamacreadiinae">Hamacreadiinae</taxonomicName>
. Both genera are large and polyphyletic, and the
<typeStatus id="54A88804FFAE3F52FE18FD03FE46FD69" box="[384,433,719,740]" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">type</typeStatus>
species of
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFAE3F52FDBEFD03FED7FC8F" authority="Gibson &amp; Bray, 1982" authorityName="Gibson &amp; Bray" authorityYear="1982" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" genus="Macvicaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="12" pageNumber="467" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B967EAB4FFAE3F52FDBEFD03FD52FD69" box="[550,677,719,740]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">Macvicaria</emphasis>
Gibson &amp; Bray, 1982
</taxonomicName>
resolves in the
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFAE3F52FE57FD21FD66FC8E" authorityName="Fukui" authorityYear="1929" box="[463,657,749,771]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="12" pageNumber="467" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Opistholebetinae">Opistholebetinae</taxonomicName>
, whereas
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFAE3F52FF09FCC0FE30FCAF" authority="Dujardin, 1845" authorityName="Dujardin" authorityYear="1845" box="[145,455,780,802]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" genus="Podocotyle" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="12" pageNumber="467" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B967EAB4FFAE3F52FF09FCC0FEFBFCAC" box="[145,268,780,801]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">Podocotyle</emphasis>
Dujardin, 1845
</taxonomicName>
is recognized as the
<typeStatus id="54A88804FFAE3F52FD5DFCC0FD00FCAC" box="[709,759,780,801]" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">type</typeStatus>
genus of the
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFAE3F52FE82FCE6FE41FCCD" authorityName="Dollfus" authorityYear="1959" box="[282,438,810,832]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="12" pageNumber="467" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Podocotylinae">Podocotylinae</taxonomicName>
on the basis of sequence data for
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFAE3F52FF2FFC85FD1FFCD2" authority="(Rudolphi, 1802) Odhner, 1905" authorityName="Odhner" authorityYear="1905" baseAuthorityName="Rudolphi" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[183,744,841,863]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" genus="Podocotyle" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="12" pageNumber="467" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="atomon">
<emphasis id="B967EAB4FFAE3F52FF2FFC85FE71FCD2" box="[183,390,841,863]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">Podocotyle atomon</emphasis>
(Rudolphi, 1802) Odhner, 1905
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C309652DFFAE3F52FF31FCA4FE2EFBB8" pageId="12" pageNumber="467" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BAC36A6FFAE3F52FF31FCA4FE2EFBB8" blockId="12.[145,762,197,1078]" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFAE3F52FF31FCA4FE93FCF0" ID-CoL="7P59S" authorityName="Linton" authorityYear="1910" box="[169,356,872,893]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" genus="Hamacreadium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="12" pageNumber="467" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B967EAB4FFAE3F52FF31FCA4FE93FCF0" box="[169,356,872,893]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">Hamacreadium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is selected as the
<typeStatus id="54A88804FFAE3F52FDD2FCA4FD89FCF0" box="[586,638,872,893]" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">type</typeStatus>
genus for the new subfamily, because the genus is typical of the clade, it has recently been revised (
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B57FFAE3F52FDC6FC69FF22FC57" author="Martin SB &amp; Cutmore SC &amp; Ward S &amp; Cribb TH" pageId="12" pageNumber="467" pagination="151 - 187" refId="ref12939" refString="Martin SB, Cutmore SC, Ward S, Cribb TH. 2017 b. An updated concept and revised composition for Hamacreadium Linton, 1910 (Opecoelidae: Plagioporinae) clarifies a previously obscured pattern of host-specificity among species. Zootaxa 4254: 151 - 187." type="journal article" year="2017">
Martin
<emphasis id="B967EAB4FFAE3F52FD20FC6AFD04FC37" box="[696,755,933,955]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">et al.</emphasis>
, 2017b
</bibRefCitation>
) and its
<typeStatus id="54A88804FFAE3F52FEAEFC08FE90FC54" box="[310,359,964,985]" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">type</typeStatus>
species,
<taxonomicName id="4C134D25FFAE3F52FE50FC08FDB9FC54" ID-CoL="6LB69" authorityName="Linton" authorityYear="1910" box="[456,590,964,985]" class="Trematoda" family="Opecoelidae" genus="Hamacreadium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="12" pageNumber="467" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mutabile">
<emphasis id="B967EAB4FFAE3F52FE50FC08FDB9FC54" box="[456,590,964,985]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">H. mutabile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is well known, sequenced (
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B57FFAE3F52FE86FC2EFDE3FC7A" author="Andres MJ &amp; Pulis EE &amp; Overstreet RM" box="[286,532,994,1016]" pageId="12" pageNumber="467" pagination="223 - 230" refId="ref10354" refString="Andres MJ, Pulis EE, Overstreet RM. 2014 a. New genus of opecoelid trematode from Pristipomoides aquilonaris (Perciformes: Lutjanidae) and its phylogenetic affinity within the family Opecoelidae. Folia Parasitologica 61: 223 - 230." type="journal article" year="2014">
Andres
<emphasis id="B967EAB4FFAE3F52FEE7FC2FFE43FC7A" box="[383,436,994,1016]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">et al</emphasis>
., 2014a
</bibRefCitation>
) and was the first opecoelid known to use fishes as second-intermediate hosts (
<tableCitation id="C691031DFFAE3F52FF44FBECFED8FBB8" box="[220,303,1056,1078]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="1.[163,227,196,217]" captionText="Table 1. Published records of opecoelid second-intermediate hosts, both natural and experimental infections" pageId="12" pageNumber="467">Table 1</tableCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B57FFAE3F52FEA4FBECFE3DFBB8" author="McCoy OR" box="[316,458,1056,1077]" pageId="12" pageNumber="467" pagination="220 - 225" refId="ref13181" refString="McCoy OR. 1929. The life-history of a marine trematode, Hamacreadium mutabile Linton, 1910. Parasitology 21: 220 - 225." type="journal article" year="1929">McCoy, 1929</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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