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<document id="8E0BA5779E01CEF714499D3F415D02B0" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.8074943" ID-ISSN="2754-9844" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8074943" ID-ZooBank="BCAD06E8-0AFE-46ED-B7FA-930983CD44C4" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1699388683108" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Noyes, John Stuart" docDate="2023" docId="03BA87A7FE26FE53FE19BD5AA49CFDDF" docLanguage="en" docName="TaxMonogNeotropHymenopt.2.1-921.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Taxonomic Monographs on Neotropical Hymenoptera (Oxford, England) 2 (11)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8074943" docStyle="DocumentStyle:DAA2ADC4E839520FEEF1E0A10B782A41.2:TaxMonogNeotropHymenopt.2022-.journal_article" docStyleId="DAA2ADC4E839520FEEF1E0A10B782A41" docStyleName="TaxMonogNeotropHymenopt.2022-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Homosemion bennetti Annecke 1967" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="499" masterDocId="FF83FFDFFFD5FFA7FFE2BC24A610FFC5" masterDocTitle="ENCYRTIDAE OF COSTA RICA (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA), 4 Subfamily Encyrtinae: tribes Arrhenophagini, Habrolepidini, Cerapterocerini, Cheiloneurini, Trechnitini, Cercobelini, Polaszekiini, Protyndarichoidini, Gahaniellini and Syrphophagini (part), mainly primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of Coccoidea and Psylloidea (Hemiptera)" masterLastPageNumber="5239" masterPageNumber="5228" pageNumber="498" updateTime="1699893637884" updateUser="felipe" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:title id="21157E0AA771BD9AC7B3056BF2B1E420">ENCYRTIDAE OF COSTA RICA (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA), 4 Subfamily Encyrtinae: tribes Arrhenophagini, Habrolepidini, Cerapterocerini, Cheiloneurini, Trechnitini, Cercobelini, Polaszekiini, Protyndarichoidini, Gahaniellini and Syrphophagini (part), mainly primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of Coccoidea and Psylloidea (Hemiptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="58EF99B73778A01C3590CC11341B76FE">Noyes, John Stuart</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F0B9A601482DF8A8988341F28ADD5713">Taxonomic Monographs on Neotropical Hymenoptera</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D084718CB45FF50CA74828148BC05BD4">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="93DB56D177CDC7A4D20833B25827E0DF">2023-06-30</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03BA87A7FE26FE53FE19BD5AA49CFDDF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA87A7FE26FE53FE19BD5AA49CFDDF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BA87A7FE26FE53FE19BD5AA49CFDDF" lastPageId="500" lastPageNumber="499" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">
<subSubSection id="C309653AFE26FE54FE19BD5AA52BFE74" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FE26FE54FE19BD5AA556FE53" blockId="499.[507,838,382,433]" box="[507,838,382,406]" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">
<heading id="D0E481DDFE26FE54FE19BD5AA556FE53" bold="true" box="[507,838,382,406]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FE26FE54FE19BD5AA556FE53" ID-CoL="6MCSV" authority="Annecke" authorityName="Annecke" authorityYear="1967" box="[507,838,382,406]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Homosemion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bennetti">
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FE26FE54FE19BD5AA556FE53" bold="true" box="[507,838,382,406]" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FE26FE54FE19BD5AA4F1FE53" bold="true" box="[507,737,382,406]" italics="true" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">Homosemion bennetti</emphasis>
Annecke
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FE26FE54FDE4BDBDA52BFE74" blockId="499.[507,838,382,433]" box="[518,827,409,433]" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">(Figs 1240-1248; Hab. E 181)</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C309653AFE26FE54FF57BDEBA29DFE23" box="[181,1165,462,487]" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FE26FE54FF57BDEBA29DFE23" blockId="499.[181,1165,462,487]" box="[181,1165,462,487]" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB03119FFE26FE54FF57BDEBA29DFE23" box="[181,1165,462,487]" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">
<treatmentCitation id="0AB210A0FE26FE54FF57BDEBA49AFE23" author="Annecke, D. P." box="[181,650,462,486]" page="159" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" year="1967">
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FE26FE54FF57BDEBA49AFE23" ID-CoL="6MCSV" authority="Annecke, 1967: 157 - 159" authorityName="Annecke" authorityPageNumber="157 - 159" authorityYear="1967" box="[181,650,462,486]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Homosemion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bennetti">
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FE26FE54FF57BDEBA782FE23" box="[181,402,462,486]" italics="true" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">Homosemion bennetti</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B7B3CECFE26FE54FE76BDEAA49AFE23" box="[404,650,462,486]" collectionCode="WI, USNM" country="Trinidad and Tobago" location="Trinidad" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B40FE26FE54FE76BDEAA49AFE23" author="Annecke, D. P." box="[404,650,462,486]" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" pagination="99 - 169" refId="ref642065" refString="Annecke, D. P. 1967. The genera Anicetus Howard, 1896, Paracerapterocerus Girault, 1920, and allies, with descriptions of new genera and species (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 119: 99 - 169." type="journal article" year="1967">Annecke, 1967:157-159</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="54A88813FE26FE54FD70BDEAA4E0FE23" box="[658,752,462,486]" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
E,
<collectingCountry id="F3047621FE26FE54FCF1BDEAA579FE23" box="[787,873,462,486]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
(WI), USNM, not examined.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C309653AFE26FE54FF57BE20A70BFB44" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FE26FE54FF57BE20A70BFB44" blockId="499.[181,1165,516,1153]" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">
DIAGNOSIS.
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FE26FE54FEACBE20A78AFDD9" box="[334,410,516,540]" italics="true" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">Female</emphasis>
(length about 1.0-
<quantity id="4CEB9B54FE26FE54FDBDBE20A4BCFDD9" box="[607,684,516,540]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.9mm</quantity>
): head generally orange with a weak metallic sheen; antenna (Figs 1240, 1244) with scape orange, ventral margin greyish brown, pedicel orange, funicle orange, sometimes brown dorsally or entirely dark brown, clava dark brown or basal segment of clava orange; thorax generally orange with a weak metallic sheen; legs mainly pale orange with small brown areas; fore wing (Figs 1245, 1247) mostly infuscate but hyaline towards base and at apex, venation pale orange, proximal part of parastigma and marginal vein brownish; hind wing hyaline; propodeum pale orange; gaster sometimes completely dark brown and distinctly metallic, but usually largely orange with a weak brassy sheen with weak purple and green reflections, Gt1-Gt3 dorsally dark brown with a mixed purple, coppery and brassy sheen. apex of syntergum and outer plate brown; gonostylus very pale orange, apex usually dark brown; head with interantennal prominence clearly separated from transfacial carina although sometimes virtually connected by a slender, carinate ridge; head (Fig. 1246) about 5.2-7.7X as wide as frontovertex; frontovertex about 3.8-5.4X as long as broad; ocelli forming an angle of about 40- 50°; antenna as in Figs 1240, 1244; scape about 1.5X as long as broad; funicle segments gradually increasing in width, but F4-F6 subequal; linear sensilla on F5-F6, occasionally on F4; clava dorsally varying from slightly shorter than pedicel and funicle combined to sometimes slightly longer; thorax Fig. 1248; fore wing about 2.3X as long as broad, with venation and setation as in Figs 1241, 1245, 1247; costal cell with 1 to 4 setae dorsally at apex; mid tibial spur about as long as basitarsus; gaster with hypopygium (Fig. 1242) reaching about 0.33X towards apex; syntergum about 0.8-0.9X as long as mid tibia, with apex truncate or broadly rounded; ovipositor (Fig. 1243) clearly exserted, the exserted part varying from about 0.7X as long as mid tibial spur to a little longer, or about 0.25X length mid tibia; ovipositor varying from 1.4-1.8X as long as mid tibia or 2.8-3.3X as long as gonostylus; gonostylus about 1.3-1.8X as long as mid tibial spur.
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FE26FE54FBB3B86BA295FBA2" box="[1105,1157,1103,1127]" italics="true" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">Male</emphasis>
: unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C309653AFE26FE54FF57B8BBA502FB72" box="[181,786,1183,1207]" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FE26FE54FF57B8BBA502FB72" blockId="499.[181,786,1183,1207]" box="[181,786,1183,1207]" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">
DISTRIBUTION.
<collectingCountry id="F3047621FE26FE54FE91B8BBA7D9FB72" box="[371,457,1183,1207]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
(WI),
<collectingCountry id="F3047621FE26FE54FDECB8BBA46CFB72" box="[526,636,1183,1207]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
(
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FE26FE54FD69B8BBA514FB72" bold="true" box="[651,772,1183,1207]" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">new record</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C309653AFE26FE54FF57B8F0A546FA49" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FE26FE54FF57B8F0A713FAE4" blockId="499.[181,1165,1236,1313]" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">
HOSTS. Reared in
<collectingCountry id="F3047621FE26FE54FE60B8F0A7C8FB29" box="[386,472,1236,1260]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
from
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FE26FE54FDFEB8F0A219FB29" authority="(Riley &amp; Howard)" baseAuthorityName="Riley &amp; Howard" box="[540,1033,1236,1260]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Crypticerya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montserratensis">
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FE26FE54FDFEB8F0A550FB29" box="[540,832,1236,1260]" italics="true" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">Crypticerya montserratensis</emphasis>
(Riley &amp; Howard)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FE26FE54FBFBB8F0A29AFB29" box="[1049,1162,1236,1260]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FE26FE54FF57B8CBA746FAC2" box="[181,342,1263,1287]" class="Insecta" family="Monophlebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Monophlebidae</taxonomicName>
) on
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FE26FE54FE66B8CBA42CFAC2" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[388,572,1263,1287]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Tamaricaceae" genus="Tamarix" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FE26FE54FE66B8CBA7C8FAC3" box="[388,472,1263,1286]" italics="true" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">Tamarix</emphasis>
Linnaeus
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FE26FE54FDA8B8CBA4F9FAC2" box="[586,745,1263,1287]" class="Magnoliopsida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Caryophyllales</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FE26FE54FD10B8CBA56FFAC2" box="[754,895,1263,1287]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Tamaricaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Tamaricaceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B40FE26FE54FC71B8CBA221FAC2" author="Annecke, D. P." box="[915,1073,1263,1287]" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" pagination="99 - 169" refId="ref642065" refString="Annecke, D. P. 1967. The genera Anicetus Howard, 1896, Paracerapterocerus Girault, 1920, and allies, with descriptions of new genera and species (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 119: 99 - 169." type="journal article" year="1967">Annecke, 1967</bibRefCitation>
, see also below).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FE26FE54FF57B91BA546FA49" blockId="499.[181,1164,1343,1420]" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">
BIOCONTROL.
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FE26FE54FE8BB91BA45BFA92" authorityName="Annecke" authorityYear="1967" box="[361,587,1343,1367]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Homosemion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bennetti">
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FE26FE54FE8BB91BA45BFA92" box="[361,587,1343,1367]" italics="true" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">Homosemion bennetti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was introduced into
<collectingCountry id="F3047621FE26FE54FCCDB91BA59FFA92" box="[815,911,1343,1367]" name="Barbados" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">Barbados</collectingCountry>
in 1961 for the control of
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FE26FE54FF34B97EA7C6FAB4" authority="Maskell" authorityName="Maskell" authorityYear="1879" box="[214,470,1369,1393]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Icerya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purchasi">
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FE26FE54FF34B97EA769FAB4" box="[214,377,1369,1393]" italics="true" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">Icerya purchasi</emphasis>
Maskell
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FE26FE54FE0AB97DA449FAB4" box="[488,601,1369,1393]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FE26FE54FD84B97DA517FAB4" box="[614,775,1369,1393]" class="Insecta" family="Monophlebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Monophlebidae</taxonomicName>
) (as
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FE26FE54FCA0B97EA5D2FAB4" box="[834,962,1369,1393]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Anicetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FE26FE54FCA0B97EA589FAB4" box="[834,921,1370,1393]" italics="true" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">Anicetus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
) but the results of introduction are unknown (see
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B40FE26FE54FE13B950A479FA49" author="Cock, M. J. W." box="[497,617,1396,1420]" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" pagination="85198 - 550" refId="ref643748" refString="Cock, M. J. W. (Editor) 1985. A review of Biological Control of Pests in the Commonwealth Caribbean and Bermuda up to 1982. Technical Communication. Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, Ottawa, Canada No 9: vi + 218 pp Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough, U. K. (ISBN 0 - 85198 - 550 - 5)" type="book chapter" year="1985">Cock, 1985</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B40FE26FE54FD90B950A55AFA49" author="Trjapitzin, V. A. &amp; Bennett, F. D. &amp; Ruiz-Cancino, E. &amp; Coronado-Blanco, J. M." box="[626,842,1396,1420]" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" refId="ref655025" refString="Trjapitzin, V. A., Bennett, F. D., Ruiz-Cancino, E. &amp; Coronado-Blanco, J. M. 2004. Annotated Checklist of encyrtids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Encyrtidae) of Central America, the West Indies and Bermuda, 205 pp. Universidad Autonoma de Tamaulipas, Mexico." type="book" year="2004">Trjapitzin et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C309653AFE26FE53FF57B98FA76DFE9B" lastPageId="500" lastPageNumber="499" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FE26FE54FF57B98FA7BDFA05" blockId="499.[181,1165,1451,1686]" box="[181,429,1451,1472]" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">MATERIAL EXAMINED.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FE26FE54FF39B9E2A44DFA33" blockId="499.[181,1165,1451,1686]" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">
Type material.
<materialsCitation id="3B7B3CECFE26FE54FE88B9E2A449FA33" collectingDate="1963-04" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="CIBC &amp; B.M. Chumakova &amp; Material" country="Trinidad and Tobago" location="Trinidad" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54A88813FE26FE54FE88B9E2A7D6FA1E" box="[362,454,1478,1499]" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<collectingCountry id="F3047621FE26FE54FE33B9E2A4D2FA1E" box="[465,706,1478,1499]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">TRINIDAD &amp; TOBAGO</collectingCountry>
, 2E,
<location id="8ECC606AFE26FE54FD18B9E2A55AFA19" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA87A7FE26FE53FE19BD5AA49CFDDF:8ECC606AFE26FE54FD18B9E2A55AFA19" box="[762,842,1478,1500]" country="Trinidad and Tobago" name="Trinidad" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">Trinidad</location>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FE26FE54FC96B9E2A258FA1E" authorityName="Riley" authorityYear="1890" box="[884,1096,1478,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Icerya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montserratensis">
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FE26FE54FC96B9E2A258FA1E" box="[884,1096,1478,1499]" italics="true" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">Icerya montserratensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectorName id="26E65367FE26FE54FBB5B9E2A268FA1E" box="[1111,1144,1478,1499]" name="CIBC" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">C.I.</collectorName>
E. 18981,
<date id="FFAD1071FE26FE54FF1BB9C4A72DFA33" box="[249,317,1504,1526]" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" value="1963-04">
<collectingDate id="EFE9E999FE26FE54FF1BB9C4A72DFA33" box="[249,317,1504,1526]" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" value="1963-04">iv.1963</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectorName id="26E65367FE26FE54FEA8B9C4A77DFA33" box="[330,365,1504,1526]" name="CIBC" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">C.I.</collectorName>
<collectorName id="26E65367FE26FE54FE8EB9C4A788FA33" box="[364,408,1504,1526]" name="B.M. Chumakova" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">B.C.</collectorName>
).
<collectorName id="26E65367FE26FE54FE4AB9C4A7E5FA33" box="[424,501,1504,1526]" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">Material</collectorName>
in
<collectionCode id="ED02AE74FE26FE54FDF0B9C5A449FA33" box="[530,601,1505,1526]" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">BMNH</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FE26FE53FF39B9DFA76DFE9B" blockId="499.[181,1165,1451,1686]" lastBlockId="500.[181,1165,222,351]" lastPageId="500" lastPageNumber="499" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">
Non
<typeStatus id="54A88813FE26FE54FEEEB9DFA723F9D5" box="[268,307,1531,1552]" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">type</typeStatus>
material.
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FE26FE54FE74B9DFA482F9D4" bold="true" box="[406,658,1531,1553]" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">
<collectingCountry id="F3047621FE26FE54FE74B9DFA482F9D4" box="[406,658,1531,1553]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">TRINIDAD &amp; TOBAGO</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, 3E,
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FE26FE54FD2FB9DFA532F9D4" bold="true" box="[717,802,1531,1553]" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">
<collectingCountry id="F3047621FE26FE54FD2FB9DFA532F9D4" box="[717,802,1531,1553]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, Balandra, ex
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FE26FE54FC50B9D8A297F9D4" authorityName="Riley" authorityYear="1890" box="[946,1159,1532,1553]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Icerya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montserratensis">
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FE26FE54FC50B9D8A297F9D4" box="[946,1159,1532,1553]" italics="true" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">Icerya montserratensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FFAD1071FE26FE54FF57BA31A6E3F9EE" box="[181,243,1557,1579]" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" value="1955-10">x.1955</date>
(F.D. Bennett); 18E, Balandra, ex
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FE26FE54FDD9BA32A51DF9EE" authorityName="Riley" authorityYear="1890" box="[571,781,1558,1579]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Icerya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montserratensis">
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FE26FE54FDD9BA32A51DF9EE" box="[571,781,1558,1579]" italics="true" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">Icerya montserratensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FE26FE54FCD3BA32A56CF9EE" box="[817,892,1558,1579]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Tamaricaceae" genus="Tamarix" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FE26FE54FCD3BA32A56CF9EE" box="[817,892,1558,1579]" italics="true" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">Tamarix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FFAD1071FE26FE54FC6BBA32A5D7F9EE" box="[905,967,1558,1579]" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" value="1979-10">x.1979</date>
(F.D. Bennett); 23E, Balandra, ex
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FE26FE54FECCBA15A7EFF983" authorityName="Riley" authorityYear="1890" box="[302,511,1585,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Icerya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montserratensis">
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FE26FE54FECCBA15A7EFF983" box="[302,511,1585,1606]" italics="true" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">Icerya montserratensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FFAD1071FE26FE54FDE9BA14A445F983" box="[523,597,1584,1606]" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" value="1981-07">vii.1981</date>
(F.D. Bennett);
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FE26FE54FD08BA14A565F983" bold="true" box="[746,885,1584,1606]" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">
<collectingCountry id="F3047621FE26FE54FD08BA14A565F983" box="[746,885,1584,1606]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">COSTA RICA</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, 9E,
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FE26FE54FC4BBA14A20AF983" bold="true" box="[937,1050,1584,1606]" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">
<collectingRegion id="49D7F853FE26FE54FC4BBA14A20AF983" box="[937,1050,1584,1606]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
, Santa
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FE26FE54FBBDBA15A6C2F9A5" authority="NP" authorityName="NP" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rosa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Rosa NP</taxonomicName>
, various localities and dates,
<date id="FFAD1071FE26FE54FE05BA6FA42AF9A4" box="[487,570,1611,1633]" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" value="1985-06-01">1.vi.1985</date>
-
<date id="FFAD1071FE26FE54FDA3BA6FA48AF9A4" box="[577,666,1611,1633]" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" value="1987-06-06">6.vi.1987</date>
(D. Janzen, I.D. Gauld); 1E, Guanacaste, Est. Pitilla (
<collectionCode id="ED02AE74FE26FE54FF5EBA42A6FFF9B9" box="[188,239,1638,1660]" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">ACG</collectionCode>
)
<materialsCitation id="3B7B3CECFE26FE54FF1FBA42A7B7F953" collectingDate="2001-01-04" collectingDateMax="2001-01-07" collectingDateMin="2001-01-04" collectorName="C. Moraga &amp; P. N. Thomas" county="San Vito" elevation="700" latitude="10.983334" location="Wilson Bot. Gdns" longLatPrecision="1296" longitude="-85.416664" municipality="Las Cruces" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Puntarenas">
<quantity id="4CEB9B54FE26FE54FF1FBA42A723F9BE" box="[253,307,1638,1659]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" unit="m" value="700.0">
<elevation id="003ED182FE26FE54FF1FBA42A723F9BE" box="[253,307,1638,1659]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" unit="m" value="700.0">700m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE275076FE26FE54FEDDBA41A79EF9BE" box="[319,398,1637,1659]" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="59" orientation="latitude" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" precision="925" value="10.983334">10°59’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE275076FE26FE54FE74BA41A7FAF9BE" box="[406,490,1637,1659]" degrees="85" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" precision="925" value="-85.416664">85°25’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFAD1071FE26FE54FE14BA41A443F9BE" box="[502,595,1637,1659]" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" value="2001-01-04" valueMax="2001-01-07" valueMin="2001-01-04">
<collectingDate id="EFE9E999FE26FE54FE14BA41A443F9BE" box="[502,595,1637,1659]" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" value="2001-01-04" valueMax="2001-01-07" valueMin="2001-01-04">4-7.i.2001</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectorName id="26E65367FE26FE54FD81BA42A4DAF9BE" box="[611,714,1638,1659]" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">C. Moraga</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26E65367FE26FE54FD34BA42A541F9BE" box="[726,849,1637,1659]" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">P.N. Thomas</collectorName>
); 1E,
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FE26FE54FC6DBA42A5EDF9BE" bold="true" box="[911,1021,1638,1659]" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">
<collectingRegion id="49D7F853FE26FE54FC6DBA42A5EDF9BE" box="[911,1021,1638,1659]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
,
<collectingCounty id="62CD4E3DFE26FE54FBEEBA42A24FF9BE" box="[1036,1119,1637,1659]" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">San Vito</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC8ACCBFE26FE54FB89BA42A6E6F950" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">Las Cruces</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8ECC606AFE26FE54FEE2BAA4A7B7F953" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA87A7FE26FE53FE19BD5AA49CFDDF:8ECC606AFE26FE54FEE2BAA4A7B7F953" box="[256,423,1664,1686]" county="San Vito" latitude="10.983334" longLatPrecision="1296" longitude="-85.416664" municipality="Las Cruces" name="Wilson Bot. Gdns" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" stateProvince="Puntarenas">Wilson Bot. Gdns</location>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B7B3CECFE26FE53FE50BAA4A740FF31" collectingDate="1990-03-18" collectingDateMax="1990-03-22" collectingDateMin="1990-03-18" collectorName="J. S. Noyes &amp; Puntarenas &amp; Pen." elevation="1500" lastPageId="500" lastPageNumber="499" latitude="8.533334" location="Puerto Jimenez" longLatPrecision="1301" longitude="-83.316666" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Puntarenas">
<quantity id="4CEB9B54FE26FE54FE50BAA4A7E3F953" box="[434,499,1664,1686]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" unit="m" value="1500.0">
<elevation id="003ED182FE26FE54FE50BAA4A7E3F953" box="[434,499,1664,1686]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFAD1071FE26FE54FE1FBAA4A46EF953" box="[509,638,1664,1686]" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" value="1990-03-18" valueMax="1990-03-22" valueMin="1990-03-18">
<collectingDate id="EFE9E999FE26FE54FE1FBAA4A46EF953" box="[509,638,1664,1686]" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" value="1990-03-18" valueMax="1990-03-22" valueMin="1990-03-18">18-22.iii.1990</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectorName id="26E65367FE26FE54FD6EBAA4A4E2F953" box="[652,754,1664,1686]" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">J.S. Noyes</collectorName>
); 1E,
<collectorName id="26E65367FE26FE54FCCEBAA5A582F953" box="[812,914,1665,1686]" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">Puntarenas</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26E65367FE26FE54FC7EBAA5A5D5F953" box="[924,965,1665,1686]" pageId="499" pageNumber="498">Pen.</collectorName>
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FE26FE54FC28BAA4A5FFF950" box="[970,1007,1664,1685]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Osa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Osa</taxonomicName>
,
<location id="8ECC606AFE26FE54FC18BAA5A299F953" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA87A7FE26FE53FE19BD5AA49CFDDF:8ECC606AFE26FE54FC18BAA5A299F953" box="[1018,1161,1664,1686]" latitude="8.533334" longLatPrecision="1301" longitude="-83.316666" name="Puerto Jimenez" pageId="499" pageNumber="498" stateProvince="Puntarenas">Puerto Jimenez</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE275076FE21FE53FF57BCFBA6E8FF31" box="[181,248,223,244]" degrees="8" direction="north" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" pageId="500" pageNumber="499" precision="925" value="8.533334">8°32’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE275076FE21FE53FF1FBCFBA740FF31" box="[253,336,223,244]" degrees="83" direction="west" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" pageId="500" pageNumber="499" precision="925" value="-83.316666">83°19’W</geoCoordinate>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B7B3CECFE21FE53FEBABCFBA22EFF31" box="[344,1086,222,244]" collectorName="P. Hanson &amp; Puntarenas &amp; Est. Agujas, C" elevation="10" location="Quebraditos" pageId="500" pageNumber="499" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Puntarenas">
<quantity id="4CEB9B54FE21FE53FEBABCFBA792FF31" box="[344,386,223,244]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="500" pageNumber="499" unit="m" value="10.0">
<elevation id="003ED182FE21FE53FEBABCFBA792FF31" box="[344,386,223,244]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="500" pageNumber="499" unit="m" value="10.0">10m</elevation>
</quantity>
, xi,1991 (
<collectorName id="26E65367FE21FE53FE38BCFBA427FF31" box="[474,567,223,244]" pageId="500" pageNumber="499">P. Hanson</collectorName>
); 1E,
<collectorName id="26E65367FE21FE53FD8FBCFBA4C3FF31" box="[621,723,223,244]" pageId="500" pageNumber="499">Puntarenas</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26E65367FE21FE53FD38BCFBA54CFF31" box="[730,860,222,244]" pageId="500" pageNumber="499">Est.Agujas, C</collectorName>
.
<location id="8ECC606AFE21FE53FC81BCFAA5C4FF31" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA87A7FE26FE53FE19BD5AA49CFDDF:8ECC606AFE21FE53FC81BCFAA5C4FF31" box="[867,980,222,244]" name="Quebraditos" pageId="500" pageNumber="499" stateProvince="Puntarenas">Quebraditos</location>
, LS 521400
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B7B3CECFE21FE53FBA0BCFBA761FEEC" collectingDate="2001-02-20" collectingDateMax="2001-03-15" collectingDateMin="2001-02-20" collectionCode="LN" collectorName="J. Azofeifa &amp; RB Hitoy Cerere" elevation="274300782" location="Send. Toma de Agua" municipality="Valle de la Estrella" pageId="500" pageNumber="499" specimenCode="LN 184300" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Limon">
<quantity id="4CEB9B54FE21FE53FBA0BCFBA6FBFECB" metricMagnitude="8" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.74300782" pageId="500" pageNumber="499" unit="m" value="2.74300782E8">
<elevation id="003ED182FE21FE53FBA0BCFBA6FBFECB" metricMagnitude="8" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.74300782" pageId="500" pageNumber="499" unit="m" value="2.74300782E8">274300, 782m</elevation>
</quantity>
, #61700,
<date id="FFAD1071FE21FE53FEA1BCDDA7C6FECA" box="[323,470,249,271]" pageId="500" pageNumber="499" value="2001-02-20" valueMax="2001-03-15" valueMin="2001-02-20">
<collectingDate id="EFE9E999FE21FE53FEA1BCDDA7C6FECA" box="[323,470,249,271]" pageId="500" pageNumber="499" value="2001-02-20" valueMax="2001-03-15" valueMin="2001-02-20">20.ii-15.iii.2001</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectorName id="26E65367FE21FE53FE00BCDDA459FECA" box="[482,585,249,271]" pageId="500" pageNumber="499">J. Azofeifa</collectorName>
); 1E,
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FE21FE53FD9DBCDCA4AFFECB" bold="true" box="[639,703,248,270]" pageId="500" pageNumber="499">
<collectingRegion id="49D7F853FE21FE53FD9DBCDCA4AFFECB" box="[639,703,248,270]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="500" pageNumber="499">Limón</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
,
<collectorName id="26E65367FE21FE53FD28BCDDA575FECB" box="[714,869,249,271]" pageId="500" pageNumber="499">RB Hitoy Cerere</collectorName>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC8ACCBFE21FE53FC8FBCDDA209FECA" box="[877,1049,249,271]" pageId="500" pageNumber="499">Valle de la Estrella</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8ECC606AFE21FE53FBC3BCDDA711FEEC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA87A7FE26FE53FE19BD5AA49CFDDF:8ECC606AFE21FE53FBC3BCDDA711FEEC" municipality="Valle de la Estrella" name="Send. Toma de Agua" pageId="500" pageNumber="499" stateProvince="Limon">Send. Toma de Agua</location>
,
<specimenCode id="DBB59ECAFE21FE53FEE8BD30A761FEEC" box="[266,369,276,297]" collectionCode="LN" pageId="500" pageNumber="499">LN 184300</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B7B3CECFE21FE53FE94BD30A424FE81" collectingDate="1999-05-08" collectionCode="LN" collectorName="F. Umana &amp; Limon &amp; RB Hitoy-Cerere" elevation="643500140" location="Send. Toma de Agua" municipality="Est. Hitoy-Cerere" pageId="500" pageNumber="499" specimenCode="LN 184600" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Limon">
<quantity id="4CEB9B54FE21FE53FE94BD30A7EAFEEC" box="[374,506,276,298]" metricMagnitude="8" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4350014" pageId="500" pageNumber="499" unit="m" value="6.4350014E8">
<elevation id="003ED182FE21FE53FE94BD30A7EAFEEC" box="[374,506,276,298]" metricMagnitude="8" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4350014" pageId="500" pageNumber="499" unit="m" value="6.4350014E8">643500, 140m</elevation>
</quantity>
, #54234,
<date id="FFAD1071FE21FE53FDB0BD30A48FFEEC" box="[594,671,276,297]" pageId="500" pageNumber="499" value="1999-05-08">
<collectingDate id="EFE9E999FE21FE53FDB0BD30A48FFEEC" box="[594,671,276,297]" pageId="500" pageNumber="499" value="1999-05-08">8.v.1999</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectorName id="26E65367FE21FE53FD49BD30A517FEEC" box="[683,775,276,297]" pageId="500" pageNumber="499">F. Umaña</collectorName>
); 1E,
<collectorName id="26E65367FE21FE53FCDFBD30A56CFEEF" box="[829,892,276,298]" pageId="500" pageNumber="499">Limón</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26E65367FE21FE53FC66BD30A231FEEF" box="[900,1057,276,298]" pageId="500" pageNumber="499">RB Hitoy-Cerere</collectorName>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC8ACCBFE21FE53FBCBBD30A6E4FE86" pageId="500" pageNumber="499">Est. Hitoy-Cerere</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8ECC606AFE21FE53FF1CBD0AA7D0FE81" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA87A7FE26FE53FE19BD5AA49CFDDF:8ECC606AFE21FE53FF1CBD0AA7D0FE81" box="[254,448,302,324]" municipality="Est. Hitoy-Cerere" name="Send. Toma de Agua" pageId="500" pageNumber="499" stateProvince="Limon">Send. Toma de Agua</location>
,
<specimenCode id="DBB59ECAFE21FE53FE28BD0BA424FE81" box="[458,564,302,324]" collectionCode="LN" pageId="500" pageNumber="499">LN 184600</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B7B3CECFE21FE53FDD8BD0AA769FE9B" collectingDate="1999-09-17" collectingDateMax="1999-10-10" collectingDateMin="1999-09-17" collectionCode="MZUCR, BMNH" collectorName="F. Umana" elevation="643400140" location="Material" pageId="500" pageNumber="499" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Limon">
<quantity id="4CEB9B54FE21FE53FDD8BD0AA4D0FE86" box="[570,704,302,324]" metricMagnitude="8" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4340014" pageId="500" pageNumber="499" unit="m" value="6.4340014E8">
<elevation id="003ED182FE21FE53FDD8BD0AA4D0FE86" box="[570,704,302,324]" metricMagnitude="8" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4340014" pageId="500" pageNumber="499" unit="m" value="6.4340014E8">643400, 140m</elevation>
</quantity>
, #53497,
<date id="FFAD1071FE21FE53FCFEBD0AA5BCFE81" box="[796,940,302,324]" pageId="500" pageNumber="499" value="1999-09-17" valueMax="1999-10-10" valueMin="1999-09-17">
<collectingDate id="EFE9E999FE21FE53FCFEBD0AA5BCFE81" box="[796,940,302,324]" pageId="500" pageNumber="499" value="1999-09-17" valueMax="1999-10-10" valueMin="1999-09-17">17.ix-10.x.1999</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectorName id="26E65367FE21FE53FC5BBD0AA207FE81" box="[953,1047,302,324]" pageId="500" pageNumber="499">F. Umaña</collectorName>
).
<location id="8ECC606AFE21FE53FBC5BD0AA264FE81" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA87A7FE26FE53FE19BD5AA49CFDDF:8ECC606AFE21FE53FBC5BD0AA264FE81" box="[1063,1140,302,324]" name="Material" pageId="500" pageNumber="499" stateProvince="Limon">Material</location>
in
<collectionCode id="ED02AE74FE21FE53FF57BD6DA716FE9B" box="[181,262,329,350]" pageId="500" pageNumber="499">MZUCR</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="ED02AE74FE21FE53FED0BD6DA769FE9B" box="[306,377,329,350]" pageId="500" pageNumber="499">BMNH</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C309653AFE21FE53FF57BD59A49CFDDF" pageId="500" pageNumber="499" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FE21FE53FF57BD59A49CFDDF" blockId="500.[181,1165,381,538]" pageId="500" pageNumber="499">
COMMENTS. The material included above may represent more than one species. The majority of specimens from
<collectingCountry id="F3047621FE21FE53FE99BDB3A7FAFE6A" box="[379,490,407,431]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="500" pageNumber="499">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49D7F853FE21FE53FE1BBDB3A461FE6A" box="[505,625,407,431]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="500" pageNumber="499">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
) agree well with topotypical material from
<collectingCountry id="F3047621FE21FE53FBCDBDB3A298FE6A" box="[1071,1160,407,431]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="500" pageNumber="499">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
, but specimens from Puntarenas and Limón Provinces are generally darker and have a relatively slightly longer antennal clava, ovipositor and mid tibial spur. These differences are very minor and not entirely consistent and therefore I am treating all specimens as a single, variable species pending reassessment based on more material.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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