468 lines
51 KiB
XML
468 lines
51 KiB
XML
<document id="C6C023FFB4F667E2FD5DEDFA7DBB952D" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3734.2.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9380ae98-0347-44ab-b3d2-a9cfcc2d2a38" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="220044" ID-ZooBank="77A6C886-009B-4525-A800-CE3CC96F252D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460695820181" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wasonga, Domnick V. & Channing, Alan" docDate="2013" docId="03BA87A2FFD86E29FBB3FA40FF3BA759" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03734p240.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3734 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Tomopterna wambensis Wasonga & Channing, 2013, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="229" masterDocId="FF83FFDAFFDD6E21FB24FFD4FFD5A324" masterDocTitle="Identification of sand frogs (Anura: Pyxicephalidae: Tomopterna) from Kenya with the description of two new species" masterLastPageNumber="240" masterPageNumber="221" pageNumber="226" updateTime="1698353815873" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="69D41F2EFD25FB924E7290BBCF52A1A9" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="FB43CD85719DB8DED3A8E81FF04C5F32">
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<mods:title id="61C1AD2A46D960503BFFD11358FB1117">Identification of sand frogs (Anura: Pyxicephalidae: Tomopterna) from Kenya with the description of two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="CC6AC7B60AFB3B89E823086E240CEE5F" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C366BA210CA246146A2DEF3745F259BD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="CC6DDCFAD95595E3C674E7276606AFFA">Wasonga, Domnick V.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="048433179BE3379501434546939D40A1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5B9163BA9F3FDFCE9F6060E9174815B2">Channing, Alan</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="7ADDD36BF2D2A768067DD27F7BC45F30">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="75160A798ACF47C82E9843EFCE1A167B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3635929303C8DA48C480A691802B9EA8">
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<mods:date id="3EA7D10A455E176F6C4ECC7058D1E720">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="554029A3FAB1FEC39CF59A5E8F239328" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="AAD6917E817FF576C524C1510B5EE8A6">3734</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="3DD25C2AFC1348E2C65CA41EFC199F94" type="issue">
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<mods:classification id="F3812DF6BB17EB2FEC4B473920CCF4E7">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="4E96D67DD5758BF22BAF51909427D0EB" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3734.2.7</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="55F56C52A440FDA9B5C3F821C5F4B8E2" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03BA87A2FFD86E29FBB3FA40FF3BA759" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5624286" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119581874" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5624286" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA87A2FFD86E29FBB3FA40FF3BA759" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BA87A2FFD86E29FBB3FA40FF3BA759" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="229" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
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<subSubSection id="C309653FFFD86E24FBB3FA40FE14A6EB" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAC36B4FFD86E24FBB3FA40FCE9A68A" blockId="5.[151,828,1428,1488]" box="[151,828,1428,1454]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
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<heading id="D0E481D8FFD86E24FBB3FA40FCE9A68A" bold="true" box="[151,828,1428,1454]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD86E24FBB3FA40FCE9A68A" bold="true" box="[151,828,1428,1454]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFD86E24FBB3FA40FE61A68A" ID-CoL="57DS6" box="[151,436,1428,1454]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wambensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD86E24FBB3FA40FE61A68A" bold="true" box="[151,436,1428,1454]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Tomopterna wambensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25457DDFFD86E24FAE6FA40FDCAA68A" box="[450,543,1428,1454]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Wasonga & Channing
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAC36B4FFD86E24FBB3FA63FE14A6EB" blockId="5.[151,828,1428,1488]" box="[151,449,1463,1488]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
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Wamba Sand Frog (
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<figureCitation id="13282A31FFD86E24FA52FA63FE6CA6EB" box="[374,441,1463,1488]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1351,1374]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,483,1327]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[153,1433,483,1327]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tomopterna wambensis sp. nov. from Wamba, Kenya. Dorsolateral views in life (A) NMK A / 5152 / 1, male and (D) A / 5152 / 5, female, dorsal views in alcohol, (B) A / 5152 / 1, male, and (C) A / 5152 / 5, female, ventral views in alcohol, (E) A / 5152 / 1, male and (F) A / 5152 / 5, female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220048/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C309653FFFD86E27FBB3FA2BFDC2A289" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="227" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BAC36B4FFD86E24FBB3FA2BFA40A51F" blockId="5.[151,1436,1535,2031]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
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<typeStatus id="54A88816FFD86E24FBB3FA2BFED1A53C" box="[151,260,1535,1560]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" type="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD86E24FBB3FA2BFED1A53C" bold="true" box="[151,260,1535,1560]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Holotype</emphasis>
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</typeStatus>
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. NMK A/5152/1, adult male, from Sodor water pan in farmlands near Wamba township, Isiolo County,
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<collectingCountry id="F3047624FFD86E24FBB3F9F0FF35A518" box="[151,224,1572,1596]" name="Kenya" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE275073FFD86E24FBD4F9F7FE81A51F" box="[240,340,1571,1596]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" precision="925" value="0.98333335">0° 59’ N</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="EE275073FFD86E24FA44F9F7FE1BA51F" box="[352,462,1571,1595]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" precision="925" value="37.333332">37° 20’ E</geoCoordinate>
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), collected
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<date id="FFAD1074FFD86E24F96BF9F7FD4DA518" box="[591,664,1571,1596]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">5 May</date>
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, 2010 by Domnick V. Wasonga, Michael Roberts and Victoria Zero.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAC36B4FFD86E27FBE3F993FC86A239" blockId="5.[151,1436,1535,2031]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,429]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="227" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
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<typeStatus id="54A88816FFD86E24FBE3F993FEEAA544" box="[199,319,1607,1632]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" type="paratype">
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<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD86E24FBE3F993FEEAA544" bold="true" box="[199,319,1607,1632]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Paratypes</emphasis>
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</typeStatus>
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. NMK A/5152/2–3, adult males and NMK A/5152/4–
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<specimenCount id="9D15FD3DFFD86E24F897F993FC6AA544" box="[947,959,1607,1632]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" type="adult">5</specimenCount>
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adult females collected together with the
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<typeStatus id="54A88816FFD86E24FBB3F9BFFF28A5A0" box="[151,253,1643,1668]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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; NMK A/5057/1–
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<specimenCount id="9D15FD3DFFD86E24FAEDF9BFFE03A5A0" box="[457,470,1643,1668]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" type="adult">6</specimenCount>
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adult males collected from temporary pond at Ikave Secondary School, Kitui County,
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<collectingCountry id="F3047624FFD86E24FBB3F944FF35A58C" box="[151,224,1680,1704]" name="Kenya" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE275073FFD86E24FBD0F95BFE57A583" box="[244,386,1679,1704]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" precision="15" value="-1.5888888">1° 35' 20" S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="EE275073FFD86E24FAB5F95BFDF7A583" box="[401,546,1679,1704]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" precision="15" value="37.9">37° 54' 0" E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="4CEB9B51FFD86E24F914F95BFDAFA583" box="[560,634,1679,1703]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.48" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" unit="m" value="948.0">948 m</quantity>
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) collected
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<date id="FFAD1074FFD86E24F9DEF95BFCAEA58C" box="[762,891,1679,1704]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" value="1931-10">31 October</date>
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, 2009 by P.K. Malonza; NMK A/5149/1–3 and NMK A/5150/1–2, adult males collected from a murrum pit near the Air Strip at Mpala Research Center, Laikipia County,
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<collectingCountry id="F3047624FFD86E24FBD1F90FFEEBA5D7" box="[245,318,1755,1779]" name="Kenya" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE275073FFD86E24FA6AF90EFE34A5D6" box="[334,481,1754,1778]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" precision="15" value="0.35333332">0° 21’ 12” N</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="EE275073FFD86E24FAC9F90EFD53A5D6" box="[493,646,1754,1779]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" precision="15" value="36.87222">36° 52’ 20” E</geoCoordinate>
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) collected
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<date id="FFAD1074FFD86E24F825F90EFC5DA5D6" box="[769,904,1754,1779]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" value="2010-05-03">3 May 2010</date>
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by Domnick V. Wasonga, Michael Roberts and Victoria Zero; MCNPV-CA
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<specimenCount id="9D15FD3DFFD86E24FAF1F92AFDEAA432" box="[469,575,1789,1814]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" type="adult">334 adult</specimenCount>
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(not sexed) from open fields
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<quantity id="4CEB9B51FFD86E24F8B9F92AFC33A432" box="[925,998,1789,1814]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" unit="km" value="17.0">17 km</quantity>
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south of Allia Bay, Marsabit County,
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<collectingCountry id="F3047624FFD86E24FBB3F8F7FF35A41F" box="[151,224,1827,1851]" name="Kenya" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE275073FFD86E24FBD5F8F6FEB3A41E" box="[241,358,1826,1850]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" precision="925" value="3.7">03° 42’ N</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="EE275073FFD86E24FA50F8F6FE30A41E" box="[372,485,1826,1851]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" precision="925" value="36.333332">36° 20’ E</geoCoordinate>
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), collected
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<date id="FFAD1074FFD86E24F94DF8F7FD7AA41F" box="[617,687,1826,1851]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">7 July</date>
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, 2005 by U. Ziliani, R. Sindaco and E. Razzetti; MCNPV-CA
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<specimenCount id="9D15FD3DFFD86E24FE57F8F6FF1AA47A" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" type="adult">250 adult</specimenCount>
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(not sexed) from open fields near Illeret township on the eastern shores of Lake Turkana (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE275073FFD86E24FFECF892FAE9A47A" box="[1224,1340,1862,1886]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" precision="925" value="4.3">04° 18’ N</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="EE275073FFD86E24FE6CF891FF7CA4A6" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" precision="925" value="36.216667">36° 13’ E</geoCoordinate>
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) collected
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<date id="FFAD1074FFD86E24FA0EF8BEFE7DA4A7" box="[298,424,1898,1923]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" value="2010-01">10 January</date>
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, 2005 by U. Ziliani; MCNPV-CA
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<specimenCount id="9D15FD3DFFD86E24F817F8BEFC48A4A7" box="[819,925,1898,1923]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" type="adult">252 adult</specimenCount>
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(not sexed) from Karsa Well on the eastern shores of Lake Turkana, Marsabit County,
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<collectingCountry id="F3047624FFD86E24F9BDF85BFD37A483" box="[665,738,1935,1959]" name="Kenya" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE275073FFD86E24F9D3F85AFCA0A482" box="[759,885,1933,1958]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" precision="925" value="3.6">03° 36’ N</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="EE275073FFD86E24F8A2F859FC2BA482" box="[902,1022,1933,1958]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" precision="925" value="36.3">36° 18’ E</geoCoordinate>
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) collected
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<date id="FFAD1074FFD86E24FFA1F85AFAD0A483" box="[1157,1285,1934,1959]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" value="2011-01">11 January</date>
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, 2005 by E. Baucompagni; MCNPV-CA
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<specimenCount id="9D15FD3DFFD86E24FAF3F866FD95A4EF" box="[471,576,1970,1995]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" type="adult">337 adult</specimenCount>
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(not sexed) from Lugga Daudi sand river in Sibiloi National Park, eastern Lake Turkana, Marsabit County,
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<collectingCountry id="F3047624FFD86E24F923F803FD85A4CB" box="[519,592,2007,2031]" name="Kenya" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE275073FFD86E24F97BF802FD05A4CA" box="[607,720,2006,2030]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" precision="925" value="3.8166666">03° 49’ N</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="EE275073FFD86E24F9F8F801FC92A4CA" box="[732,839,2005,2030]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" precision="925" value="36.35">36° 21’ E</geoCoordinate>
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) collected in
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<date id="FFAD1074FFD86E24F8FAF803FB85A4CA" box="[990,1104,2005,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" value="2005-06">June 2005</date>
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by U. Ziliani, R. Sindaco and E. Razzetti; NMK A/4323 adult (not sexed) from Bura Hasuma sand river, Marsabit County
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<collectingCountry id="F3047624FFDB6E27FFBBFF4CFB3DA394" box="[1183,1256,152,176]" name="Kenya" pageId="6" pageNumber="227">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE275073FFDB6E27FFDCFF4CFABCA38B" box="[1272,1385,152,176]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="227" precision="925" value="3.8">03° 48’ N</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="EE275073FFDB6E27FE51FF43FF0CA3F0" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="227" precision="925" value="36.283333">36° 17’ E</geoCoordinate>
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) collected
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<date id="FFAD1074FFDB6E27FA4CFF68FE26A3F1" box="[360,499,188,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="227" value="2005-07-05">5 July 2005</date>
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by U. Ziliani, R. Sindaco and E. Razzetti; NMK A/5145/1–
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<specimenCount id="9D15FD3DFFDB6E27FF99FF68FB1FA3F1" box="[1213,1226,188,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="227" type="adult">2</specimenCount>
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adult males from roadside water puddles near Kitobo Forest, Taita-Taveta County,
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<collectingCountry id="F3047624FFDB6E27F85DFF34FC17A3DC" box="[889,962,224,248]" name="Kenya" pageId="6" pageNumber="227">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE275073FFDB6E27F8F6FF34FBA7A3DC" box="[978,1138,223,248]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="227" precision="15" value="-3.4413888">03° 26’ 29” S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="EE275073FFDB6E27FF5BFF34FAC8A3D3" box="[1151,1309,224,248]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="227" precision="15" value="37.620277">37° 37’ 13” E</geoCoordinate>
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) collected
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<date id="FFAD1074FFDB6E27FBB3FED0FF22A239" box="[151,247,260,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="227" value="2011-04">11 April</date>
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, 2010 by P.K. Malonza, B. Bwong’ and J. Nyamache.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAC36B4FFDB6E27FBE3FEF3FDC2A289" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="227">
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<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFDB6E27FBE3FEF3FDB7A264" bold="true" box="[199,610,295,320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="227">Material used for genetic analysis</emphasis>
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. NMK A/5057/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D15FD3DFFDB6E27F83AFEF3FCBDA264" box="[798,872,295,320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="227" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
male from Ikave, Kitui, NMK A/5149/1–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D15FD3DFFDB6E27FE6AFEF3FA8FA264" box="[1358,1370,295,320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="227" type="adult">3</specimenCount>
|
||
adult males from Mpala Research Center, NMK A/5152/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D15FD3DFFDB6E27F9CFFE98FCE0A241" box="[747,821,332,357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="227" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
male from Wamba, NMK A/5145/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D15FD3DFFDB6E27FFF5FE98FAC9A241" box="[1233,1308,332,357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="227" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
male from Kitobo Forest, MCNPV-CA334, MCNPV-CA250, MCNPV-CA252, MCNPV-CA337, NMK A/4323 five unsexed adults from eastern Lake Turkana.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF6C663CFFDB6E27FBB3FA93FD0BA6BA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220048/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="227" targetBox="[153,1433,483,1327]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36B4FFDB6E27FBB3FA93FD0BA6BA" blockId="6.[151,1436,1351,1438]" pageId="6" pageNumber="227">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFDB6E27FBB3FA93FECFA67A" bold="true" box="[151,282,1351,1374]" pageId="6" pageNumber="227">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFDB6E27FA06FA93FDCBA67A" box="[290,542,1351,1374]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wambensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFDB6E27FA06FA93FDCBA67A" box="[290,542,1351,1374]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="227">Tomopterna wambensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25457DDFFDB6E27F902FA93FDACA67A" box="[550,633,1351,1374]" pageId="6" pageNumber="227" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFDB6E27F902FA93FDA0A67A" bold="true" box="[550,629,1351,1374]" pageId="6" pageNumber="227">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from Wamba, Kenya. Dorsolateral views in life (A) NMK A/5152/1, male and (D) A/5152/5, female, dorsal views in alcohol, (B) A/5152/1, male, and (C) A/5152/5, female, ventral views in alcohol, (E) A/5152/1, male and (F) A/5152/5, female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C309653FFFDB6E26FBE3FA13FD9EA2A9" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="228" pageId="6" pageNumber="227" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36B4FFDB6E26FBE3FA13FD9EA2A9" blockId="6.[151,1436,1479,2008]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,398]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="228" pageId="6" pageNumber="227">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFDB6E27FBE3FA13FEEFA6C4" bold="true" box="[199,314,1479,1504]" pageId="6" pageNumber="227">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
. The phylogenetic analysis in this study has placed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFDB6E27F885FA1CFBEEA6C4" box="[929,1083,1479,1504]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wambensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFDB6E27F885FA1CFBEEA6C4" box="[929,1083,1479,1504]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="227">T. wambensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFDB6E27FF61FA13FB77A6C4" bold="true" box="[1093,1186,1479,1504]" pageId="6" pageNumber="227">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25457DDFFDB6E27FF61FA13FB77A6C4" box="[1093,1186,1479,1504]" pageId="6" pageNumber="227" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
within the clade that includes all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFDB6E27FA43FA38FE38A527" box="[359,493,1516,1539]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFDB6E27FA43FA38FE38A527" box="[359,493,1516,1539]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="227">Tomopterna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and we have no hesitation in assigning this taxon to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFDB6E27FFFDFA38FA8AA527" box="[1241,1375,1516,1539]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFDB6E27FFFDFA38FA8AA527" box="[1241,1375,1516,1539]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="227">Tomopterna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The diagnostic characters and comparison with other members of the genus are presented in Appendices 3 and 4. The new species differs from all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFDB6E27F939F9E0FD76A56F" box="[541,675,1588,1611]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFDB6E27F939F9E0FD76A56F" box="[541,675,1588,1611]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="227">Tomopterna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species by a combination of morphological and advertisement call characteristics. These include divided subarticular tubercles, which are also found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFDB6E27FF8FF98CFA94A554" box="[1195,1345,1623,1648]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gallmanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFDB6E27FF8FF98CFA94A554" box="[1195,1345,1623,1648]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="227">T. gallmanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFDB6E27FEA3F98CFECCA5B0" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="krugerensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFDB6E27FEA3F98CFECCA5B0" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="227">T. krugerensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The latter two species both have a harsh knocking-like advertisement call, unlike
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFDB6E27FFEDF9A8FABCA5B0" box="[1225,1385,1659,1684]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="227">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFDB6E27FFEDF9A8FAB0A5B0" box="[1225,1381,1659,1684]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wambensis">T. wambensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The standard length (34.6–40.8, n=12) is much smaller compared to the recently re-described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFDB6E27FFAEF974FAC2A59C" box="[1162,1303,1695,1720]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFDB6E27FFAEF974FAC2A59C" box="[1162,1303,1695,1720]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="227">T. monticola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SVL 41.2, n=1) from Olengarua Village in Massai. Subarticular tubercles single and prominent. Webbing on hind toe is moderate; 2–2 ½ phalanges free of web on the forth digit. Glandular ridge below the tympanum broken into two unequal parts. Outer metatarsal tubercle absent; a weak whitish bump present instead (vs. prominent and strongly protruding in some members of the genus). Dorsum consists of greenish brown patches on a lighter background (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13282A31FFDB6E27FBBBF887FF27A448" box="[159,242,1875,1900]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1351,1374]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,483,1327]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[153,1433,483,1327]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tomopterna wambensis sp. nov. from Wamba, Kenya. Dorsolateral views in life (A) NMK A / 5152 / 1, male and (D) A / 5152 / 5, female, dorsal views in alcohol, (B) A / 5152 / 1, male, and (C) A / 5152 / 5, female, ventral views in alcohol, (E) A / 5152 / 1, male and (F) A / 5152 / 5, female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220048/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="227">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A and D) contrasting with irregular dark markings and dark spots on a lighter ground colour in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFDB6E27FEA3F880FECCA4B4" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="krugerensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFDB6E27FEA3F880FECCA4B4" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="227">T. krugerensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and also varying from the scantily marked orange-brown to grey-brown of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFDB6E27FF8CF8ACFA92A4AB" box="[1192,1351,1912,1935]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmorata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFDB6E27FF8CF8ACFA92A4AB" box="[1192,1351,1912,1935]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="227">T. marmorata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Small reddish-brown warts present on dorsum (smooth in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFDB6E27F820F848FC7DA490" box="[772,936,1947,1972]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="krugerensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFDB6E27F820F848FC7DA490" box="[772,936,1947,1972]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="227">T. krugerensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, distinctive and prominent tubercles in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFDB6E27FEA3F848FECFA4FC" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuberculosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFDB6E27FEA3F848FECFA4FC" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="227">T. tuberculosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The advertisement call consists of a series of high-pitched rapidly repeated notes. The note rate is 7.2–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE275073FFDA6E26FBEDFF4FFF2DA397" box="[201,248,155,179]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="228" precision="5555" value="-10.9">10.9</geoCoordinate>
|
||
s -1 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFDA6E26FA08FF48FE18A397" box="[300,461,154,179]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="krugerensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFDA6E26FA08FF48FE18A397" box="[300,461,154,179]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">T. krugerensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
covers entire frequency range with a click;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFDA6E26F8EFFF48FBFAA397" box="[971,1071,154,179]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tandyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFDA6E26F8EFFF48FBFAA397" box="[971,1071,154,179]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">T. tandyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
7–8 notes s -1;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFDA6E26FFFDFF48FABCA397" box="[1241,1385,154,179]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="delalandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFDA6E26FFFDFF48FABCA397" box="[1241,1385,154,179]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">T. delalandii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
5–7 notes s -1;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFDA6E26FA26FF16FE55A3FD" box="[258,384,194,217]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptotis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFDA6E26FA26FF16FE55A3FD" box="[258,384,194,217]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">T. cryptotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
9 notes s -1). The call shows two harmonics with mean frequencies of 1135 Hz and 2253 Hz, with a fainter third harmonic at 3372 Hz. The second harmonic is emphasized (differing from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFDA6E26FFE0FF32FAB7A3DA" box="[1220,1378,229,254]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="krugerensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFDA6E26FFE0FF32FAB7A3DA" box="[1220,1378,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">T. krugerensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with multiple emphasized harmonics with dominant harmonic ranging from 1900–3100 Hz;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFDA6E26FF4FFEDEFADEA206" box="[1131,1291,265,290]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tandyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFDA6E26FF4FFEDEFB19A206" box="[1131,1228,265,290]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">T. tandyi</emphasis>
|
||
2500
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–2700 Hz;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFDA6E26FEA3FEDEFE9CA262" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="delalandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFDA6E26FEA3FEDEFEDCA262" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">T. delalandii</emphasis>
|
||
1800
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–2200 Hz;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFDA6E26FAEEFEFAFD9FA261" box="[458,586,302,325]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptotis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFDA6E26FAEEFEFAFD9FA261" box="[458,586,302,325]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">T. cryptotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
3100–3800 Hz,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFDA6E26F828FEFAFC50A262" box="[780,901,301,326]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luganga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFDA6E26F828FEFAFC50A262" box="[780,901,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">T. luganga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the first harmonic emphasized 1050–1170 Hz). Each note has a duration of
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE275073FFDA6E26F932FE86FDB5A24E" box="[534,608,338,362]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="228" precision="55" value="-0.028">0.028s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13282A31FFDA6E26F955FE85FD63A24E" box="[625,694,337,362]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1133,1156]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,443,1109]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,443,1109]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Chorus of Tomopterna gallmanni recorded at Laikipia, and a chorus of Tomopterna wambensis recorded at Wamba." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220049/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
), varying from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFDA6E26F849FE86FBD9A24E" box="[877,1036,337,362]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="krugerensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFDA6E26F849FE86FBD9A24E" box="[877,1036,337,362]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">T. krugerensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
0.008–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE275073FFDA6E26FF47FE86FB75A24E" box="[1123,1184,338,362]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="228" precision="55" value="-0.011">0.011</geoCoordinate>
|
||
s;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFDA6E26FFE1FE86FAFCA24E" box="[1221,1321,337,362]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tandyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFDA6E26FFE1FE86FAFCA24E" box="[1221,1321,337,362]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">T. tandyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE275073FFDA6E26FE15FE86FAADA24D" box="[1329,1400,338,362]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="228" precision="555" value="-0.04">0.04 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFDA6E26FEA3FE86FEDCA2AA" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="delalandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFDA6E26FEA3FE86FEDCA2AA" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">T. delalandii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE275073FFDA6E26FA2BFEA2FEB7A2A9" box="[271,354,374,398]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="228" precision="55" value="-0.039">0.039 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFDA6E26FA4BFEA2FE38A2A9" box="[367,493,374,397]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptotis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFDA6E26FA4BFEA2FE38A2A9" box="[367,493,374,397]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">T. cryptotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE275073FFDA6E26FAD0FEA2FD92A2A9" box="[500,583,374,398]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="228" precision="55" value="-0.048">0.048 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF6C663CFFDA6E26FBB3FBB9FF39A780" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220049/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="228" targetBox="[151,1435,443,1109]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36B4FFDA6E26FBB3FBB9FF39A780" blockId="7.[151,1436,1133,1188]" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFDA6E26FBB3FBB9FECFA7A0" bold="true" box="[151,282,1133,1156]" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Chorus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFDA6E26FAB7FBB9FD53A7A0" box="[403,646,1133,1156]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gallmanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFDA6E26FAB7FBB9FD53A7A0" box="[403,646,1133,1156]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">Tomopterna gallmanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
recorded at Laikipia, and a chorus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFDA6E26FF05FBB9FAC8A7A0" box="[1057,1309,1133,1156]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wambensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFDA6E26FF05FBB9FAC8A7A0" box="[1057,1309,1133,1156]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">Tomopterna wambensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
recorded at Wamba.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C309653FFFDA6E29FBE3FB1FFD66A030" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="229" pageId="7" pageNumber="228" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36B4FFDA6E26FBE3FB1FFD2CA5A9" blockId="7.[151,1436,1227,2035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFDA6E26FBE3FB1FFE36A7C0" bold="true" box="[199,483,1227,1252]" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A88816FFDA6E26FA52FB1FFE36A7C0" box="[374,483,1227,1252]" pageId="7" pageNumber="228" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. The body is stout and toad like; head comparatively small (HL/SVL 0.32, HW/SVL 0.41), not wider than trunk, not longer than wide (HL/HW 0.78); snout short (SL/HL 0.54), rounded in dorsal view, blunt in profile (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13282A31FFDA6E26FA7AFAC6FE72A60E" box="[350,423,1298,1323]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1351,1374]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,483,1327]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[153,1433,483,1327]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tomopterna wambensis sp. nov. from Wamba, Kenya. Dorsolateral views in life (A) NMK A / 5152 / 1, male and (D) A / 5152 / 5, female, dorsal views in alcohol, (B) A / 5152 / 1, male, and (C) A / 5152 / 5, female, ventral views in alcohol, (E) A / 5152 / 1, male and (F) A / 5152 / 5, female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220048/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A), slightly projecting beyond rounded lower jaw, narrower than long (SL/INS 1.47); canthus rostralis is moderately angled; loreal region concave; nostrils situated on slight projections of the canthus, much closer to the snout tip than the eye (ENL/SNL 1.19); eyes directed anterolaterally, slightly protruding, relatively small (ED/HL 0.44); eye diameter shorter than snout (ED/SL 0.81); interorbital distance is longer than upper eyelid (IOS/ED 1.33), and longer than internarial distance (INS/ED 0.84); tympanum visible externally, discontinuous glandular ridge present below, smaller than eye diameter (TD/ED 0.73); upper jaw without dentition; choanae small, round, partly hidden by upper jaw, located anteriorially on the roof of the mouth, vomerine teeth in two oblique rows between the choanae; tongue short and strongly notched behind, one side slightly larger (5.7 at widest part); median lingual processes present; vocal sac single, darkly pigmented; gular pouch flattened anteriorly into a U-shape on the lower lip margin. Dorsal surfaces of head, trunk and limbs generally smooth; ventral surface of limbs, gular and abdomen smooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13282A31FFDA6E26F965F9A0FD5AA5A9" box="[577,655,1652,1677]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1351,1374]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,483,1327]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[153,1433,483,1327]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tomopterna wambensis sp. nov. from Wamba, Kenya. Dorsolateral views in life (A) NMK A / 5152 / 1, male and (D) A / 5152 / 5, female, dorsal views in alcohol, (B) A / 5152 / 1, male, and (C) A / 5152 / 5, female, ventral views in alcohol, (E) A / 5152 / 1, male and (F) A / 5152 / 5, female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220048/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B and E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36B4FFDA6E26FBE3F94DFB93A43E" blockId="7.[151,1436,1227,2035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">Fore limbs slender; hand moderately large (HND/SVL 0.24); tips of fingers not enlarged into discs; relative length of fingers: IV <I <II <III; subarticular tubercles single and distinct, with one on fingers I and IV, two on finger II and three on finger III; fingers without webbing; thenar tubercle distinct; palmar tubercles absent; metacarpals without supernumerary tubercles; nuptial pad present on manual digit I.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36B4FFDA6E26FBE3F8F2FAF8A4D7" blockId="7.[151,1436,1227,2035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3047624FFDA6E26FBE3F8F2FF2AA41B" box="[199,255,1830,1855]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
limbs stout, slightly more than half body length (LEG/SVL 0.78); tibio-tarsal articulation not reaching to level of tip of snout when legs are adpressed to body; tibiofibula short (TL/SVL 0.39), slightly longer than thigh (TL/FL 1.01); heels just reaching each other when knees are flexed and thighs are held laterally at right angle to body; foot shorter than tibiofibula (FOT/TL 0.98); relative length of toes: I<II<V<III<IV; toes without expanded discs; subarticular tubercles: one on toe I and II, two on toe III and V and three on toe IV; pedal webbing formula
|
||
<date id="FFAD1074FFDA6E26FBB3F80EFF79A4D7" box="[151,172,2010,2035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFDA6E26FBB3F80EFF77A4D7" bold="true" box="[151,162,2010,2035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">I</emphasis>
|
||
1
|
||
</date>
|
||
–1.5
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFDA6E26FBCCF80EFF2BA4D7" bold="true" box="[232,254,2010,2035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">II</emphasis>
|
||
1.5+–
|
||
<date id="FFAD1074FFDA6E26FA1CF80EFEB8A4D7" box="[312,365,2010,2035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">
|
||
2
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFDA6E26FA68F80EFEB8A4D7" bold="true" box="[332,365,2010,2035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">III</emphasis>
|
||
</date>
|
||
2–
|
||
<date id="FFAD1074FFDA6E26FAB4F80EFE11A4D7" box="[400,452,2010,2035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">
|
||
2
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFDA6E26FA81F80EFE11A4D7" bold="true" box="[421,452,2010,2035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">IV</emphasis>
|
||
</date>
|
||
1.5-–
|
||
<date id="FFAD1074FFDA6E26FADAF80EFDCFA4D7" box="[510,538,2010,2035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">
|
||
1
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFDA6E26F92CF80EFDCFA4D7" bold="true" box="[520,538,2010,2035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">V</emphasis>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; inner metatarsal tubercle prominent and shovel-shaped; outer absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36B4FFD56E29FBE3FF43FE09A241" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,1149]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD56E29FBE3FF43FE71A394" bold="true" box="[199,420,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Colouration in life</emphasis>
|
||
. The dorsal pattern consists of greenish brown patches on a lighter background. Reddishbrown dorsal warts spread to surface of head, often bordered with black, larger and more prominent towards the mid dorsum; lateral sides of head and scapular region grey, anterior border of eye black; a darker bar present between the eyes; dorsal stripe absent, white flecks present; ventrum cream, throat dark; hands and thighs show two and three transverse dark markings respectively.
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD56E29F9CEFEF3FBE6A264" bold="true" box="[746,1075,295,320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Colouration in preservative</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsal wart colouration is lost; the other patterns are visible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36B4FFD56E29FBE3FEBBFDF3A13C" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,1149]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD56E29FBE3FEBBFE72A2AC" bold="true" box="[199,423,367,392]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A88816FFD56E29FBE3FEBBFEE1A2AC" box="[199,308,367,392]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
variation
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Females (SVL 42–43, mean 42.5, n=2) are larger than males (SVL 34.6–40.8, mean 37.6, n=12). Colouration of male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A88816FFD56E29FAF0FE41FDEAA289" box="[468,575,405,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
is similar to that of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A88816FFD56E29F875FE40FC62A289" box="[849,951,404,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. In some specimens, however, a white thin dorsal line reaching the snout is present in both sexes. Females have a speckled throat (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13282A31FFD56E29FF4FFE63FB7AA2F4" box="[1131,1199,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1351,1374]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,483,1327]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[153,1433,483,1327]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tomopterna wambensis sp. nov. from Wamba, Kenya. Dorsolateral views in life (A) NMK A / 5152 / 1, male and (D) A / 5152 / 5, female, dorsal views in alcohol, (B) A / 5152 / 1, male, and (C) A / 5152 / 5, female, ventral views in alcohol, (E) A / 5152 / 1, male and (F) A / 5152 / 5, female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220048/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
F). The dorsal glands are relatively larger and scattered in male individuals compared to females with small dense dorsal glands. Measurements are given in Table 3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36B4FFD56E29FBE3FDF0FDF6A119" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,1149]" box="[199,547,548,573]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD56E29FBE3FDF0FE4AA119" bold="true" box="[199,415,548,573]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Eggs and tadpoles</emphasis>
|
||
. Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36B4FFD56E29FBE3FD93FD66A030" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,1149]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD56E29FBE3FD93FEF6A144" bold="true" box="[199,291,583,608]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Habitat</emphasis>
|
||
. The specimens were found mostly in open habitats including man-made (e.g. Wamba) and natural water points (e.g. Turkana and Kitobo Forest). Most of the breeding congregations were found in seasonal wetlands. Specimens were observed from within (ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CEB9B51FFD56E29F9DFFD44FC94A183" box="[763,833,656,680]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
|
||
deep) and outside the water bodies (ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CEB9B51FFD56E29FE36FD44FA96A18C" box="[1298,1347,656,680]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
|
||
). Males called from similar positions, but maintained some distance from each other (>
|
||
<quantity id="4CEB9B51FFD56E29FF38FD60FB9BA1E8" box="[1052,1102,692,716]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
|
||
). The following species were found sympatrically or syntopically with the new species:
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD56E29F86EFD03FE5DA030" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFD56E29F86EFD03FB9FA1D4" box="[842,1098,727,752]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anchietae">Ptychadena anchietae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFD56E29FF7DFD03FEE3A031" authority="Hildebrandtia" authorityName="Hildebrandtia" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mascareniensis">Ptychadena mascareniensis, Hildebrandtia</taxonomicName>
|
||
ornata
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFD56E29FA99FD29FD79A031" box="[445,684,764,789]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Kassina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senegalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD56E29FA99FD29FD79A031" box="[445,684,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Kassina senegalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C309653FFFD56E29FBE3FCCBFB22A0EC" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36B4FFD56E29FBE3FCCBFB22A0EC" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,1149]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD56E29FBE3FCCBFE8CA01C" bold="true" box="[199,345,799,824]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. The collection locations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFD56E29F9B2FCF5FC4BA01C" box="[662,926,799,824]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wambensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD56E29F9B2FCF5FC4BA01C" box="[662,926,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Tomopterna wambensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25457DDFFD56E29F880FCCBFC28A013" box="[932,1021,799,824]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD56E29F880FCCBFC22A01C" bold="true" box="[932,1015,799,824]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
range from northern to south-eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3047624FFD56E29FBB3FC91FF35A079" box="[151,224,837,861]" name="Kenya" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
as indicated in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13282A31FFD56E29FAB6FC90FE03A078" box="[402,470,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1548,1571]" captionTargetBox="[162,1429,559,1511]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[150,1436,541,1535]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Map showing the sampled populations of Tomopterna species from Kenya. Type localities are marked by a circle - Laikipia Nature Conservancy (T. gallmanni sp. nov.) and a triangle - Wamba (T. wambensis sp. nov.). T. cryptotis populations are shown by solid squares." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220046/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
. Occurrence in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3047624FFD56E29F9A3FC90FD39A079" box="[647,748,836,861]" name="Tanzania" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
is confirmed by a single specimen from Arusha,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3047624FFD56E29FE3CFC90FAA8A079" box="[1304,1405,836,861]" name="Tanzania" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
as revealed by the molecular data. However, a possible range extension into
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3047624FFD56E29F8FBFCB3FBEBA0A4" box="[991,1086,871,896]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
||
is implied by the proximity of the northernmost record of the series at Illeret to the Kenya-Ethiopian border (<
|
||
<quantity id="4CEB9B51FFD56E29FF12FC58FB56A081" box="[1078,1155,908,933]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
|
||
). The elevation range of collecting localities was between
|
||
<quantity id="4CEB9B51FFD56E29F92BFC7BFD83A0E3" box="[527,598,943,968]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" unit="m" value="725.0">725 m</quantity>
|
||
at Kitobo Forest and
|
||
<quantity id="4CEB9B51FFD56E29F86DFC64FC4BA0E3" box="[841,926,944,968]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.782" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" unit="m" value="1782.0">1782 m</quantity>
|
||
at the Mpala Research Center.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C309653FFFD56E29FBE3FC00FAD6A0C9" box="[199,1283,980,1005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36B4FFD56E29FBE3FC00FAD6A0C9" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,1149]" box="[199,1283,980,1005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD56E29FBE3FC00FE93A0C9" bold="true" box="[199,326,980,1005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. The specific name refers to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A88816FFD56E29F991FC01FD30A0C9" box="[693,741,981,1005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, the village of Wamba in central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3047624FFD56E29FF97FC01FAD5A0C9" box="[1203,1280,981,1005]" name="Kenya" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C309653FFFD56E29FBE3FC23FF3BA759" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36B4FFD56E29FBE3FC23FF3BA759" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,1149]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD56E29FBE3FC23FEEEA734" bold="true" box="[199,315,1015,1040]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Based on the records of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A88816FFD56E29F9A0FC2CFD61A734" box="[644,692,1016,1040]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series across
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3047624FFD56E29F877FC2CFC49A734" box="[851,924,1016,1040]" name="Kenya" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
with at least one population in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3047624FFD56E29FE22FC23FAB8A734" box="[1286,1389,1015,1040]" name="Tanzania" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the species is considered widespread. We have recorded the species in both protected and unprotected areas. We presume that it is under no immediate threat and propose a Least Concern status under the current IUCN Redlist criteria.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |