treatments-xml/data/0C/2D/B6/0C2DB6CB86E159DA8AF427DA9934DA94.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.29.51328" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bef0bcfa-8a36-4912-ba4a-af35c342c832" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164401375" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1937-2426-1-101" ID-Pensoft-UUID="8706AB0F60C1540CB8C34D15FA4E1B87" ID-ZooBank="BB2E7A21C67E444D941AE77CBBABAF71" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:400FD424-309B-41D6-ADF5-8A2FF0C37B08" ModsDocID="1937-2426-1-101" checkinTime="1590870953492" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Conle, Oskar V., Hennemann, Frank H. &amp; Valero, Pablo" docDate="2020" docId="0C2DB6CB86E159DA8AF427DA9934DA94" docLanguage="en" docName="JourOrthoptRes 29(1): 101-114" docOrigin="Journal of Orthoptera Research 29 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.29.51328" docTitle="Taraxippus samarae Conle &amp; Hennemann &amp; Valero 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="400FD424-309B-41D6-ADF5-8A2FF0C37B08" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="3" id="8706AB0F60C1540CB8C34D15FA4E1B87" lastPageNumber="101" masterDocId="8706AB0F60C1540CB8C34D15FA4E1B87" masterDocTitle="Studies on neotropical Phasmatodea XXII: Two new species of Taraxippus (Phasmatodea: Cladomorphinae: Hesperophasmatini) and the first record of the genus from Central America" masterLastPageNumber="114" masterPageNumber="101" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" updateTime="1643444732881" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Studies on neotropical Phasmatodea XXII: Two new species of Taraxippus (Phasmatodea: Cladomorphinae: Hesperophasmatini) and the first record of the genus from Central America</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Conle, Oskar V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Am Freischuetz 16, 47058, Duisburg, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">o_conle@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hennemann, Frank H.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Tannenwaldallee 53, 61348, Bad Homburg, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Valero, Pablo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Aachrain 1, 87534, Oberstaufen, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Journal of Orthoptera Research</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>29</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>101</mods:start>
<mods:end>114</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.29.51328</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.29.51328</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1937-2426-1-101</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">BB2E7A21C67E444D941AE77CBBABAF71</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="164401375" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:400FD424-309B-41D6-ADF5-8A2FF0C37B08" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0C2DB6CB86E159DA8AF427DA9934DA94" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="101" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<taxonomicName LSID="0C2DB6CB-86E1-59DA-8AF4-27DA9934DA94" authority="Conle &amp; Hennemann &amp; Valero, 2020" authorityName="Conle &amp; Hennemann &amp; Valero" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Taraxippus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taraxippus samarae" order="Phasmatodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="samarae" status="sp. nov.">Taraxippus samarae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="101">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Fig. 3. Comparison of females of Taraxippus. Note: (d - i) not in scale. Habitus in lateral view: a. Taraxippus paliurus Moxey, 1971; b. Taraxippus perezgelaberti sp. nov.; c. Taraxippus samarae sp. nov. Head, pro-, and mesothorax in lateral view: d. Taraxippus paliurus Moxey, 1971; e. Taraxippus perezgelaberti sp. nov.; f. Taraxippus samarae sp. nov. End of the abdomen in ventral view: g. Taraxippus paliurus Moxey, 1971; h. Taraxippus perezgelaberti sp. nov.; i. Taraxippus samarae sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.29.51328.fig3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/415799" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Figs 3c, f, i</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Fig. 4. Comparison of eggs: Taraxippus samarae sp. nov.: a. Dorsal; b. Lateral; c. Frontal. Taraxippus perezgelaberti sp. nov.: d. Dorsal; e. Lateral; f. Frontal." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.29.51328.fig4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/415800" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">, 4a-c</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Fig. 5. Male (HT) of Taraxippus samarae sp. nov. Habitus: a. Lateral; b. Dorsal." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.29.51328.fig5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/415801" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">, 5</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Fig. 6. Male (PT) of Taraxippus samarae sp. nov. Habitus: a. Dorsal; b. Lateral; c. Ventral. Head and thorax: d. Dorsal; e. Lateral; f. Ventral. End of the abdomen: g. Dorsal; h. Lateral; i. Ventral." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.29.51328.fig6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/415803" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">, 6</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Fig. 7. Female (PT) of Taraxippus samarae sp. nov. Habitus: a. Dorsal; b. Lateral; c. Ventral. Head and thorax: d. Dorsal; e. Lateral; f. Ventral. End of the abdomen: g. Dorsal; h. Lateral; i. Ventral." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.29.51328.fig7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/415804" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">, 7</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Fig. 8. Living specimens of Taraxippus samarae sp. nov. a. Adult female from Cope, Panama, in its natural habitat; b, c. Adult females from Siquirres, Costa Rica, showing intraspecific variability in the coloration; d. Adult male from Siquirres, Costa Rica." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.29.51328.fig8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/415805" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">, 8</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="101" type="differentiation.">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Differentiation.</emphasis>
-
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
Males are readily differentiated from those of 
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. perezgelaberti" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="perezgelaberti">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">T. perezgelaberti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">sp. nov.</emphasis>
by being winged. Furthermore, they differ from that species by bearing distinct lateral foliaceous projections on abdominal segments V-VII and having the apex of the antler-like mesonotal processes bifurcate (Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Fig. 5. Male (HT) of Taraxippus samarae sp. nov. Habitus: a. Lateral; b. Dorsal." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.29.51328.fig5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/415801" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">5</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Fig. 6. Male (PT) of Taraxippus samarae sp. nov. Habitus: a. Dorsal; b. Lateral; c. Ventral. Head and thorax: d. Dorsal; e. Lateral; f. Ventral. End of the abdomen: g. Dorsal; h. Lateral; i. Ventral." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.29.51328.fig6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/415803" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">6</figureCitation>
). Females differ from the other two known species of the genus by the broadened subgenital plate, apically bifurcate antler-like processes of the mesonotum, and unarmed abdominal sternum VI (at best tiny granules) and terga (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Fig. 3. Comparison of females of Taraxippus. Note: (d - i) not in scale. Habitus in lateral view: a. Taraxippus paliurus Moxey, 1971; b. Taraxippus perezgelaberti sp. nov.; c. Taraxippus samarae sp. nov. Head, pro-, and mesothorax in lateral view: d. Taraxippus paliurus Moxey, 1971; e. Taraxippus perezgelaberti sp. nov.; f. Taraxippus samarae sp. nov. End of the abdomen in ventral view: g. Taraxippus paliurus Moxey, 1971; h. Taraxippus perezgelaberti sp. nov.; i. Taraxippus samarae sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.29.51328.fig3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/415799" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">3</figureCitation>
). Eggs readily differ from those of 
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. perezgelaberti" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="perezgelaberti">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">T. perezgelaberti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">sp. nov.</emphasis>
by their rectangular cross-section, flattened lateral surfaces, setae-like long, slender marginal fringes that usually are free at the apex, as well as having fringes along the outer margin of the micropylar plate (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Fig. 4. Comparison of eggs: Taraxippus samarae sp. nov.: a. Dorsal; b. Lateral; c. Frontal. Taraxippus perezgelaberti sp. nov.: d. Dorsal; e. Lateral; f. Frontal." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.29.51328.fig4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/415800" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/jor.29.51328.fig5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/415801" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" start="Fig. 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
Male (HT) of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Conle &amp; Hennemann &amp; Valero" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Taraxippus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taraxippus samarae" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="samarae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Taraxippus samarae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">sp. nov.</emphasis>
Habitus: 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">a.</emphasis>
Lateral; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">b.</emphasis>
Dorsal.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/jor.29.51328.fig6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/415803" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" start="Fig. 6" startId="F6">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Fig. 6.</emphasis>
Male (PT) of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Conle &amp; Hennemann &amp; Valero" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Taraxippus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taraxippus samarae" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="samarae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Taraxippus samarae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">sp. nov.</emphasis>
Habitus: 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">a.</emphasis>
Dorsal; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">b.</emphasis>
Lateral; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">c.</emphasis>
Ventral. Head and thorax: 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">d.</emphasis>
Dorsal; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">e.</emphasis>
Lateral; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">f.</emphasis>
Ventral. End of the abdomen: 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">g.</emphasis>
Dorsal; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">h.</emphasis>
Lateral; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">i.</emphasis>
Ventral.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="101" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Type material and specimens examined.</emphasis>
-
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">HT</emphasis>
, ♂: COSTA RICA, Siquirres, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Limón">Limon</normalizedToken>
Prov., 
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="03" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="17.1" value="10.05475">10°03'17.1&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="83" direction="west" minutes="33" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="05.6" value="-83.55156">83°33'05.6&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 610 m, iii.2018, J. Sommerhalder [ZSMC].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">PT</emphasis>
, ♀: COSTA RICA, Siquirres, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Limón">Limon</normalizedToken>
Prov., 
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="03" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="17.1" value="10.05475">10°03'17.1&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="83" direction="west" minutes="33" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="05.6" value="-83.55156">83°33'05.6&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 610 m, iii.2018, J. Sommerhalder [ZSMC].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">PT, 2</emphasis>
♂♂, 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">2</emphasis>
♀♀, ♀ 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">nymph</emphasis>
: COSTA RICA, Siquirres, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Limón">Limon</normalizedToken>
Prov., 
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="03" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="17.1" value="10.05475">10°03'17.1&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="83" direction="west" minutes="33" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="05.6" value="-83.55156">83°33'05.6&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 610 m, iii.2018, J. Sommerhalder [OC, No. 0536-(3-7)].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">PT</emphasis>
, ♀: COSTA RICA, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pocoá">Pocoa</normalizedToken>
, Finca INBio, Bosque Lluvioso, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Limón">Limon</normalizedToken>
Prov., 200-300 m, 22.ix.2004, night, J. Mata, Colecta Libre, L_N_241740_S51770, #95228; INB0004179712, INBIOCRI COSTA RICA; DNA Barcoding E. Ulate, CCDB-15936 D04 [INBIO].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">PT</emphasis>
, ♀, 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">15 eggs</emphasis>
: PANAMA, Parque Nacional General de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="División">Division</normalizedToken>
Omar Torrijos Herrera, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Coclé">Cocle</normalizedToken>
Prov., 
<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="north" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="5.53" value="8.668203">8°40'5.53&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="80" direction="west" minutes="35" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="33.48" value="-80.592636">80°35'33.48&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, vii.2019, O. Conle, P. Valero [OC, No. 0536-1, 2].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">PT, 11</emphasis>
♂♂, 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">10</emphasis>
♀♀, 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">12 eggs</emphasis>
: COSTA RICA, Siquirres, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Limón">Limon</normalizedToken>
Prov., iii.2018, J. Sommerhalder, Ex Zucht B.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kneubühler">Kneubuehler</normalizedToken>
2019, F1 [OC, No. 0536-(8-29)].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">PT</emphasis>
, ♂, ♀, 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">egg</emphasis>
: COSTA RICA, Siquirres, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Limón">Limon</normalizedToken>
Prov., iii.2018, J. Sommerhalder, Ex Zucht B. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kneubühler">Kneubuehler</normalizedToken>
2019, F1 [FH, No. 1200-1, 2 and E].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="101" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Distribution.</emphasis>
-
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
So far only known from Costa Rica (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Limón">Limon</normalizedToken>
Province: Siquirres and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pocoá">Pocoa</normalizedToken>
) and Panama (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Coclé">Cocle</normalizedToken>
Province, Parque Nacional General de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="División">Division</normalizedToken>
Omar Torrijos Herrera) (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Fig. 9. Distribution map of all known Taraxippus species." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.29.51328.fig9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/415806" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">9</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="101" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Etymology.</emphasis>
-
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
This stunning new species is named after Samara, the daughter of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jürg">Juerg</normalizedToken>
Sommerhalder (Switzerland), who found the holotype and several paratypes in March 2018 in Costa Rica.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="101" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Description.</emphasis>
-
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">In this species, all spines and multispinose processes have blunt apices.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
♀♀ (Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Fig. 3. Comparison of females of Taraxippus. Note: (d - i) not in scale. Habitus in lateral view: a. Taraxippus paliurus Moxey, 1971; b. Taraxippus perezgelaberti sp. nov.; c. Taraxippus samarae sp. nov. Head, pro-, and mesothorax in lateral view: d. Taraxippus paliurus Moxey, 1971; e. Taraxippus perezgelaberti sp. nov.; f. Taraxippus samarae sp. nov. End of the abdomen in ventral view: g. Taraxippus paliurus Moxey, 1971; h. Taraxippus perezgelaberti sp. nov.; i. Taraxippus samarae sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.29.51328.fig3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/415799" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">3c, f, i</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Fig. 7. Female (PT) of Taraxippus samarae sp. nov. Habitus: a. Dorsal; b. Lateral; c. Ventral. Head and thorax: d. Dorsal; e. Lateral; f. Ventral. End of the abdomen: g. Dorsal; h. Lateral; i. Ventral." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.29.51328.fig7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/415804" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">7</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Fig. 8. Living specimens of Taraxippus samarae sp. nov. a. Adult female from Cope, Panama, in its natural habitat; b, c. Adult females from Siquirres, Costa Rica, showing intraspecific variability in the coloration; d. Adult male from Siquirres, Costa Rica." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.29.51328.fig8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/415805" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">8a-c</figureCitation>
). Medium to large for the genus (body length 54.7-71.1 mm). Apterous. General color various shades of brown, usually with green markings (especially in foliaceous projections) and a dorsal longitudinal pale cream stripe from the head to the end of the abdomen. Eyes dark brown with a yellowish-green reticulate pattern. Entire body (including antennae) setose.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/jor.29.51328.fig7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/415804" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" start="Fig. 7" startId="F7">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Fig. 7.</emphasis>
Female (PT) of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Conle &amp; Hennemann &amp; Valero" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Taraxippus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taraxippus samarae" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="samarae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Taraxippus samarae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">sp. nov.</emphasis>
Habitus: 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">a.</emphasis>
Dorsal; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">b.</emphasis>
Lateral; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">c.</emphasis>
Ventral. Head and thorax: 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">d.</emphasis>
Dorsal; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">e.</emphasis>
Lateral; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">f.</emphasis>
Ventral. End of the abdomen: 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">g.</emphasis>
Dorsal; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">h.</emphasis>
Lateral; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">i.</emphasis>
Ventral.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/jor.29.51328.fig8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/415805" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" start="Fig. 8" startId="F8">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Fig. 8.</emphasis>
Living specimens of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Conle &amp; Hennemann &amp; Valero" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Taraxippus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taraxippus samarae" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="samarae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Taraxippus samarae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">sp. nov. a.</emphasis>
Adult female from Cope, Panama, in its natural habitat; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">b, c.</emphasis>
Adult females from Siquirres, Costa Rica, showing intraspecific variability in the coloration; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">d.</emphasis>
Adult male from Siquirres, Costa Rica.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Head</emphasis>
: Slightly longer than wide, broadest at the eyes and slightly narrowed towards the posterior. Vertex slightly raised, rounded, convex, and armed with a crown-like ornamentation formed by eight prominent antler-like projections, with reddish brown and blunt apex. Genae with a pale cream longitudinal postocular carina that ends in a small spiniform tubercle. Eyes prominent, almost spherical, and their length about 2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
that of genae. Antennae filiform, reaching to median segment. Scapus compressed dorsoventrally, about 2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than wide and with two exterior foliaceous projections towards apex. Pedicellus cylindrical and somewhat constricted towards apex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Thorax</emphasis>
: Pronotum slightly wider than long and the transverse median sulcus distinctly impressed, expanding over the entire width of segment; entire surface irregularly granulated. Four enlarged, spiniform tubercles in posterior half, two towards the lateral and two towards the dorsal. Mesonotum 3.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than pronotum; distinctly swollen premedially, densely granulose and with irregular spiniform tubercles; at widest area with two dorsal distinctly outward-directed, multispinose processes bifurcated at apex; two smaller dorsal multispinose projections towards the posterior margin; lateral margins bearing multispinose projections, increasing in size towards the widest area. Mesosternum rough, with small spiniform tubercles along the lateral margins. Metanotum widened towards the posterior, roundly constricted medially; sculptured with four dorsal small multispinose projections, two medially and two close to the posterior margin; 0.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than mesonotum. Meso- and metapleurae granulated and with a marginal row of small spiniform tubercles.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/jor.29.51328.fig9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/415806" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" start="Fig. 9" startId="F9">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Fig. 9.</emphasis>
Distribution map of all known 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moxey" authorityYear="1971" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Taraxippus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taraxippus" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Taraxippus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Abdomen</emphasis>
: Median segment almost half the length of metanotum, usually with two dorsal multispinose projections towards the posterior, variable in size. Abdomen excluding median segment almost equal in length to head and thorax combined. Segments III-IV strongly increasing in width, V widest segment (2.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
wider than long), VI-VII narrowing towards the posterior. Terga II-VIII with the lateral margins posteriorly expanded into a dentate and foliaceous projection; this strongly increasing in size from II-VI and decreasing in size towards VII. All terga with two irregular and sub-parallel longitudinal median carinae, usually with expanded foliaceous projections, distinctly large in VIII-IX. Praeopercular organ formed by a small dark blunt tubercle close to the posterior margin of sternum VII. Anal segment 0.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than tergum IX, tectiform, broadened basally; posterior margin rounded. Supraanal plate well developed, tectiform, slightly longer than wide, projecting over the anal segment and almost reaching the end of the subgenital plate to form a beak-like structure. Cerci green, long, laterally compressed, with tipped apex, projecting over the anal segment. Subgenital plate slightly convex, shovel-like, with a median keel, ratio length/max. width ≈ 1.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
, posterior margin narrowed but not acute and usually not projecting over the anal segment.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Legs</emphasis>
: Profemora slightly compressed basally. Dorsal and ventral carinae of all femora, as well as dorsal carinae of all tibiae, armed with some irregular dentate lobes. Tarsi elongated and slender.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
♂♂ (Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Fig. 5. Male (HT) of Taraxippus samarae sp. nov. Habitus: a. Lateral; b. Dorsal." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.29.51328.fig5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/415801" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">5</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Fig. 6. Male (PT) of Taraxippus samarae sp. nov. Habitus: a. Dorsal; b. Lateral; c. Ventral. Head and thorax: d. Dorsal; e. Lateral; f. Ventral. End of the abdomen: g. Dorsal; h. Lateral; i. Ventral." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.29.51328.fig6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/415803" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">6</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Fig. 8. Living specimens of Taraxippus samarae sp. nov. a. Adult female from Cope, Panama, in its natural habitat; b, c. Adult females from Siquirres, Costa Rica, showing intraspecific variability in the coloration; d. Adult male from Siquirres, Costa Rica." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.29.51328.fig8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/415805" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">8d</figureCitation>
). Medium to large for the genus (body length 45.8-54.2 mm) and fully winged. General color various shades of brown, usually with irregular green markings (especially in foliaceous projections and tegmina). Anal area of the wings greyish brown, translucent. Eyes dark brown with a yellowish-green reticulate pattern. Entire body (including antennae) setose.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Head</emphasis>
: Slightly longer than wide, broadest at the eyes and slightly narrowed towards the posterior. Vertex slightly raised, rounded, convex, and armed with a crown-like ornamentation formed by eight prominent antler-like projections, with reddish brown and blunt apex. Genae with a longitudinal postocular carina that ends in a small spiniform tubercle. Eyes prominent, almost spherical and their length about 2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
that of genae. Antennae reaching to abdominal segment V. Scapus compressed dorsoventrally, about 2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than wide and with two exterior foliaceous projections towards apex. Pedicellus cylindrical and somewhat constricted towards apex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Thorax</emphasis>
: Pronotum slightly wider than long and the transverse median sulcus distinctly impressed, expanding over the entire width of segment; entire surface irregularly granulated. Four enlarged, spiniform tubercles in posterior half, two towards the lateral and two towards the dorsal. Mesonotum 2.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than pronotum; swollen premedially, densely granulose and with irregular spiniform tubercles; at widest area with two dorsal distinctly outward-directed, multispinose processes bifurcated at apex; two smaller dorsal multispinose projections towards the posterior margin; lateral margins bearing spines, increasing in size towards the widest area. Mesosternum rough, with small, spiniform, pale cream tubercles along the lateral margins. Metanotum slightly widened towards the posterior; 0.7
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than mesonotum. Meso- and metapleurae granulated and with a marginal row of small spiniform tubercles. Tegmina not reaching the posterior margin of metanotum and with a fairly acute central spine; the basal portion notably narrowed and the posterior margin rounded. Alae reaching to abdominal segment VII.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Abdomen</emphasis>
: Unarmed. Median segment about one-quarter the length of metanotum. Abdomen excluding median segment slightly longer than head and thorax combined. Segments II-VII almost equal in length and width. Terga III-IV with the lateral margins deflexed into a tiny irregularly foliaceous projection. Terga V-VIII with the lateral margins deflexed into a prominent irregularly foliaceous projection, which projects laterally by more than two-thirds the width of segment in V-VII and one-third in VIII. Anal segment 0.7
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than tergum IX, tectiform, broadened basally; posterior margin rounded. Cerci green, long, and almost cylindrical, projecting over the anal segment. Vomer triangular, widened at base, and acute at apex. Poculum strongly convex, the posterior portion granulated, with an irregular median keel; posterior margin rounded.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Legs</emphasis>
: Profemora slightly compressed basally. Dorsal and ventral carinae of all femora, as well as dorsal carinae of all tibiae, armed with some irregular dentate lobes. Tarsi elongated and slender.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="101" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Measurements (in mm).</emphasis>
-
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
♂, 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">HT</emphasis>
: Body 47.3, head 3.6, pronotum 2.3, mesonotum 7.8, metanotum 7.2, median segment 1.8, profemora 11.4, mesofemora 9.1, metafemora 10.7, protibia 10.2, mesotibia 10.3, metatibia 12.8, tegmina 6.4, alae 30.1, antennae&gt;27.0.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
♂♂, 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">PT</emphasis>
: Body 45.8-54.2, head 3.8-4.5, pronotum 1.9-3.0, mesonotum 7.3-7.9, metanotum 6.4-7.9, median segment 1.5-1.9, profemora 10.3-12.3, mesofemora 9.1-10.7, metafemora 11.4-12.7, protibia 10.2-12.2, mesotibia 10.2-11.4, metatibia 12.2-15.2, tegmina 6.4-7.1, alae 27.5-31.1, antennae&gt;30.0.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
♀♀, 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">PT</emphasis>
: Body 54.7-71.1, head 6.6-7.8, pronotum 3.7-4.7, mesonotum 11.5-14.8, metanotum 6.3-8.5, median segment 2.2-2.7, profemora 11.4-14.9, mesofemora 9.7-13.2, metafemora 11.5-16.0, protibia 11.3-15.2, mesotibia 11.1-14.4, metatibia 14.4-18.6, antennae&gt;26.0.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Egg</emphasis>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Fig. 4. Comparison of eggs: Taraxippus samarae sp. nov.: a. Dorsal; b. Lateral; c. Frontal. Taraxippus perezgelaberti sp. nov.: d. Dorsal; e. Lateral; f. Frontal." figureDoi="10.3897/jor.29.51328.fig4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/415800" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">4a-c</figureCitation>
): General color chestnut brown. Capsule 2.6
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than wide and 1.6
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than high. General shape of capsule cuboid, with the lateral surfaces flattened and almost parallel and the dorsal surface slightly convex. In lateral aspect, slightly widened medially. Lateral longitudinal carinae set with a row of long and slender fringes, usually branched and somewhat connected laterally by a kind of brownish translucent membrane. Lateral surfaces with a reticulate pattern of carinae. Dorsal and ventral surfaces of egg each with a longitudinal median row of hairy structures. Micropylar plate positioned medially on the dorsal egg surface and roughly half the length of capsule; shape spearhead-like and pointed towards anterior; surface unarmed and outer margin set with moderately long hairy structures. Micropylar cup small and placed in posterior one-quarter of plate. Operculum oval, flat, and with the outer margin set with a row of the same long feather-like fringes seen along the longitudinal outer carinae of the egg-capsule; no capitulum.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="101" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Measurements (in mm).</emphasis>
-
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
Egg, 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">PT</emphasis>
: length 3.6, width 1.2, height 2.3, length of micropylar plate 1.9.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>