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<document id="8405C5269BB008BFA82879881931FC43" ID-CLB-Dataset="21846" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4780.3.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b49ecec2-a0c0-4fff-a3a7-c7180ec2d5d4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3855331" ID-ZooBank="7F11F41A-CBA8-4B3A-81F2-1D2EFDFFF7EB" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1590481146277" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mc Cormack, Samuel P., Kelly, Michelle &amp; Battershill, Christopher N." docDate="2020" docId="600FE1325E389806FF75FB9356A3FECE" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4780.3.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4780 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Dysidea tuapokere Mc Cormack &amp; Kelly &amp; Battershill 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="F79D832D-AD90-44CE-A18C-83DB4E29306C" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="532" masterDocId="9C36994A5E3D980CFFE2FF8E5761FFD1" masterDocTitle="Description of two new species of Dysidea (Porifera, Demospongiae, Dictyoceratida Dysideidae) from Tauranga Harbour, Bay of Plenty, New Zealand" masterLastPageNumber="542" masterPageNumber="523" pageNumber="528" updateTime="1698841366740" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="C3DAE1EB3AC1BE81D74E588AAE098D3A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="0C599764B40253B62DC453AB9BE5A7AF">
<mods:title id="323363C44F28E3036C8AE242AFE403E8">Description of two new species of Dysidea (Porifera, Demospongiae, Dictyoceratida Dysideidae) from Tauranga Harbour, Bay of Plenty, New Zealand</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="9BA0AD0C66A69280BA07914650A1A373" type="personal">
<mods:role id="BDED6CC25EFF4F55263723A6CF2A46DA">
<mods:roleTerm id="E3D232CB4A84CCBBC078BF1C208D53AD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="25BC86B770FD517E1B7FEB67924CD42D">Mc Cormack, Samuel P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="734A35EB348ADB4D89661883EEBAFB0E">University of Waikato Coastal Marine Field Station, 58 Cross Road, Sulphur Point, Tauranga, New Zealand, 3114. &amp; samuel. pmccormack @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7343 - 6986</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A52AA7B32D4BB4BD43A6C66303C15106">Kelly, Michelle</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F3059E872827CABF4C888AE065046683">Coasts and Oceans National Centre, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) Ltd, Private Bag 99940, Newmarket, Auckland 1149, New Zealand. michelle. kelly @ niwa. co. nz; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9673 - 0056</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="632C812BD3511AB0D7019C9EA15E0D65" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="EBF2E852CE1E54FDF520E7411DCA56C4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="7CF424038767E3575DB8E76B8A28C0C4">Battershill, Christopher N.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="DB92CCB27A2C355F4E57BEA15FC3391D">University of Waikato Coastal Marine Field Station, 58 Cross Road, Sulphur Point, Tauranga, New Zealand, 3114. &amp; cbatters @ waikato. ac. nz; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5586 - 0417</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="7904ACD8F4B233FF7679D1936A408E99">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A82F8880D0288376AD6AF08328C2F974">
<mods:date id="138DE86664AE60790FAF3D67B9DC0543">2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="48F9C3802DEE11D5A3E780D1C20D263E" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="8FADBFD2194858009A4B1EB3FCFC176B">2020-05-26</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="CBF4C295027FA29ADF72A8058D5B00F7">4780</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6E21FDDD40F6A9636388667437384088">3</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="0F708381B1807FC3636FCCDFCD0EA279">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="5F2C4ADB63FD5929A631A2B37DB5D785" type="CLB-Dataset">21846</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="224587B10EE80642F310A7E04845B145" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4780.3.5</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A8A5323043282BDA6D5791BFD3D03E9C" type="GBIF-Dataset">b49ecec2-a0c0-4fff-a3a7-c7180ec2d5d4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9A29A4D31C7DFC70386C9EF11E2ECA8D" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="600FE1325E389806FF75FB9356A3FECE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3857195" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164299975" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3857195" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F79D832D-AD90-44CE-A18C-83DB4E29306C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/600FE1325E389806FF75FB9356A3FECE" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="532" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">
<subSubSection id="A0BC03AF5E389809FF75FB9356BDFBE9" box="[151,476,1053,1080]" pageId="5" pageNumber="528" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E81950245E389809FF75FB9356BDFBE9" blockId="5.[151,980,1053,1151]" box="[151,476,1053,1080]" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">
<heading id="B351E7485E389809FF75FB9356BDFBE9" bold="true" box="[151,476,1053,1080]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="528" reason="1">
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E389809FF75FB9356BDFBE9" bold="true" box="[151,476,1053,1080]" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">
<taxonomicName id="2FA62BA75E389809FF75FB935619FBE9" ID-CoL="86WV9" authority="Mc Cormack &amp; Kelly &amp; Battershill, 2020" authorityName="Mc Cormack &amp; Kelly &amp; Battershill" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,376,1053,1080]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dysideidae" genus="Dysidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="5" pageNumber="528" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tuapokere" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E389809FF75FB935619FBE9" bold="true" box="[151,376,1053,1080]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">Dysidea tuapokere</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C1E1314D5E389809FE9DFB9056BDFBE9" box="[383,476,1054,1080]" pageId="5" pageNumber="528" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A0BC03AF5E389809FF75FBCF54B5FBAE" pageId="5" pageNumber="528" type="description">
<paragraph id="E81950245E389809FF75FBCF5798FB8A" blockId="5.[151,980,1053,1151]" box="[151,249,1089,1115]" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">
<figureCitation id="709D4CA15E389809FF75FBCF5798FB8A" box="[151,249,1089,1115]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="6.[151,250,1083,1108]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,250,1896,1921]" captionStartId-2="8.[151,250,1898,1923]" captionStartId-3="9.[151,250,1493,1518]" captionTargetBox-0="[164,1422,188,1051]" captionTargetBox-1="[199,1387,597,1871]" captionTargetBox-2="[212,1375,181,1872]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1435,181,1467]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[160,1428,181,1057]" captionTargetId-1="figure@7.[199,1387,597,1871]" captionTargetId-2="figure@8.[212,1375,181,1872]" captionTargetId-3="figure@9.[151,1435,181,1467]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionTargetPageId-3="9" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Map showing type localities for new species, Dysidea tuapokere sp. nov. and D. teawanui sp. nov., from Tauranga Harbour, Bay of Plenty, New Zealand." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Dysidea tuapokere sp. nov., holotype NIWA 92974: A. Before collection, showing the irregular, bulbous, digitate morphology, and irregularly dispersed conules; B. Close-up, showing the irregularly spaced conules that appear opaque, due to the presence of abundant sand, and between which stretch collagenous fibrils giving the surface a tent-like appearance; C. Ex- situ photograph showing the shrunken, cavernous appearance upon collection, and the lilac colouration." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Dysidea tuapokere sp. nov., holotype NIWA 92974: A. Histological section showing a heavily cored primary fibre extending beneath a surface conule, and eurypylous choanocyte chambers in the surrounding mesohyl which is relatively clear of detritus, and unarmoured surface; B. Macerated, heavily cored, highly irregular, divaricating primary fibre, connected by slender, cored secondary fibres with fine auxiliary struts attaching the secondary fibre to the primary fibre." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Dysidea tuapokere sp. nov., holotype NIWA 92974: A. Laminated spongin less visible in more heavily cored primary fibres; B. Laminated golden spongin visible in lightly cored secondary fibres; C. Ectosomal membrane containing fibrillar collagen in the surface. Note only traces of detritus in mesohyl." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3855335" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3855337" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3855339" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3855341" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3855335/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3855337/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3855339/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3855341/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">Figs 1–4</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E81950245E389809FF75FBEB54B5FBAE" blockId="5.[151,980,1053,1151]" box="[151,980,1125,1151]" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">
<uri id="9C375C265E389809FF75FBEB54B5FBAE" box="[151,980,1125,1151]" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="9C006AF15E389809FE44FBEB54B5FBAE" box="[422,980,1125,1151]" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">F79D832D-AD90-44CE-A18C-83DB4E29306C</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A0BC03AF5E389809FF75FB28524AFAD8" pageId="5" pageNumber="528" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="E81950245E389809FF75FB28527DFB34" blockId="5.[151,1437,1190,2045]" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E389809FF75FB28561EFB10" bold="true" box="[151,383,1190,1217]" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">Material examined.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E389809FE67FB2955AEFB10" box="[389,719,1191,1217]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">Pilot Bay, Tauranga Harbour,</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="58CE5A795E389809FD36FB2656EBFB34" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2625544305" collectingDate="2017-09-27" collectionCode="NIWA" elevation="9" latitude="-37.38" location="Bay of Plenty" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="176.102" pageId="5" pageNumber="528" specimenCode="NIWA 92974" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bay of Plenty">
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E389809FD36FB265408FB10" box="[724,873,1191,1217]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">
<collectingRegion id="2A629EC65E389809FD36FB265408FB10" box="[724,873,1191,1217]" country="New Zealand" name="Bay of Plenty" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">Bay of Plenty</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E389809FC94FB29549EFB10" bold="true" box="[886,1023,1191,1217]" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">Holotype—</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="B800F85F5E389809FC1DFB2953F4FB10" box="[1023,1173,1191,1217]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="5" pageNumber="528" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 92974</specimenCode>
,
<geoCoordinate id="8D9236E35E389809FB7CFB29526CFB10" box="[1182,1293,1191,1217]" degrees="37.380" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="528" precision="55" value="-37.38">37.380° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="8D9236E35E389809FAFAFB2952F6FB10" box="[1304,1431,1191,1217]" degrees="176.102" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="528" precision="55" value="176.102">176.102° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="2F5EFDC15E389809FF75FB44578FFB34" box="[151,238,1226,1253]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="528" unit="m" value="8.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="5.0">
<elevation id="638BB7175E389809FF75FB44578FFB34" box="[151,238,1226,1253]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="528" unit="m" value="8.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="5.0">5–12 m</elevation>
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,
<date id="9C1876E45E389809FF18FB4556EBFB34" box="[250,394,1227,1253]" pageId="5" pageNumber="528" value="2017-09-27">
<collectingDate id="8C5C8F0C5E389809FF18FB4556EBFB34" box="[250,394,1227,1253]" pageId="5" pageNumber="528" value="2017-09-27">27 Sep 2017</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="58CE5A795E389809FE76FB455279FB34" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2625544304" box="[404,1304,1226,1253]" collectingDate="2019-02-05" collectionCode="NIWA" elevation="13" latitude="-37.38" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="176.102" pageId="5" pageNumber="528" specimenCode="NIWA 113646-113649" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bay of Plenty">
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E389809FE76FB455549FB34" bold="true" box="[404,552,1227,1253]" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">Paratypes—</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="B800F85F5E389809FDCAFB45544CFB34" box="[552,813,1227,1253]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="5" pageNumber="528" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 113646–113649</specimenCode>
,
<geoCoordinate id="8D9236E35E389809FCDAFB4554C9FB34" box="[824,936,1227,1253]" degrees="37.380" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="528" precision="55" value="-37.38">37.380° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="8D9236E35E389809FC57FB455354FB34" box="[949,1077,1227,1253]" degrees="176.102" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="528" precision="55" value="176.102">176.102° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="2F5EFDC15E389809FBA3FB45531DFB34" box="[1089,1148,1227,1253]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="528" unit="m" value="13.0">
<elevation id="638BB7175E389809FBA3FB45531DFB34" box="[1089,1148,1227,1253]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="528" unit="m" value="13.0">13 m</elevation>
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,
<date id="9C1876E45E389809FB6AFB445279FB34" box="[1160,1304,1226,1253]" pageId="5" pageNumber="528" value="2019-02-05">
<collectingDate id="8C5C8F0C5E389809FB6AFB445279FB34" box="[1160,1304,1226,1253]" pageId="5" pageNumber="528" value="2019-02-05">05 Feb 2019</collectingDate>
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E81950245E389809FF25FB61524AFAD8" blockId="5.[151,1437,1190,2045]" box="[199,1323,1262,1289]" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">
<materialsCitation id="58CE5A795E389809FF25FB61524AFAD8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2625544303" box="[199,1323,1262,1289]" country="New Zealand" elevation="13" location="Pilot Bay" municipality="Tauranga Harbour" pageId="5" pageNumber="528" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bay of Plenty" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E389809FF25FB615543FAD8" bold="true" box="[199,546,1262,1289]" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">
<typeStatus id="371DEE865E389809FF25FB615663FAD8" box="[199,258,1263,1289]" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">Type</typeStatus>
location &amp; distribution.
</emphasis>
<location id="ED7906FF5E389809FDCBFB6155F2FAD8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:600FE1325E389806FF75FB9356A3FECE:ED7906FF5E389809FDCBFB6155F2FAD8" box="[553,659,1263,1289]" country="New Zealand" municipality="Tauranga Harbour" name="Pilot Bay" pageId="5" pageNumber="528" stateProvince="Bay of Plenty">Pilot Bay</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="087DCA5E5E389809FD7FFB61540AFAD8" box="[669,875,1263,1289]" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">Tauranga Harbour</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="2A629EC65E389809FC94FB615373FAD8" box="[886,1042,1263,1289]" country="New Zealand" name="Bay of Plenty" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">Bay of Plenty</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="90B110B45E389809FBFEFB6153D4FAD8" box="[1052,1205,1263,1289]" name="New Zealand" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="2F5EFDC15E389809FB22FB615247FAD8" box="[1216,1318,1263,1289]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="528" unit="m" value="12.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="12.0">
<elevation id="638BB7175E389809FB22FB615247FAD8" box="[1216,1318,1263,1289]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="528" unit="m" value="12.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="12.0">12–13 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A0BC03AF5E38980AFF25FA9C5492FA42" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="529" pageId="5" pageNumber="528" type="description">
<paragraph id="E81950245E389809FF25FA9C5649F9A0" blockId="5.[151,1437,1190,2045]" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E389809FF25FA9C5638FAFC" bold="true" box="[199,345,1298,1325]" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">Description.</emphasis>
Sponge forms a cavernous mass of interconnected lobate digits, sprawling across the substrate, up to
<quantity id="2F5EFDC15E389809FF35FAB95656FA80" box="[215,311,1335,1361]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="528" unit="cm" value="13.5" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="4.0">4–23 cm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="2F5EFDC15E389809FE9CFAB8568CFA80" box="[382,493,1334,1361]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="528" unit="cm" value="14.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="14.0">14–15 cm</quantity>
wide,
<quantity id="2F5EFDC15E389809FDDAFAB955EAFA80" box="[568,651,1335,1361]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="528" unit="cm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 cm</quantity>
high, in general dimensions, digits about
<quantity id="2F5EFDC15E389809FBBCFAB953D0FA80" box="[1118,1201,1335,1361]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="528" unit="cm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 cm</quantity>
thick (
<figureCitation id="709D4CA15E389809FB1DFAB95238FA80" box="[1279,1369,1335,1361]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1896,1921]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,597,1871]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[199,1387,597,1871]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dysidea tuapokere sp. nov., holotype NIWA 92974: A. Before collection, showing the irregular, bulbous, digitate morphology, and irregularly dispersed conules; B. Close-up, showing the irregularly spaced conules that appear opaque, due to the presence of abundant sand, and between which stretch collagenous fibrils giving the surface a tent-like appearance; C. Ex- situ photograph showing the shrunken, cavernous appearance upon collection, and the lilac colouration." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3855337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3855337/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
). Surface conulose in life, conules predominantly clustered on the tips of the lobes (
<figureCitation id="709D4CA15E389809FBFCFAD55316FAA4" box="[1054,1143,1371,1397]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1896,1921]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,597,1871]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[199,1387,597,1871]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dysidea tuapokere sp. nov., holotype NIWA 92974: A. Before collection, showing the irregular, bulbous, digitate morphology, and irregularly dispersed conules; B. Close-up, showing the irregularly spaced conules that appear opaque, due to the presence of abundant sand, and between which stretch collagenous fibrils giving the surface a tent-like appearance; C. Ex- situ photograph showing the shrunken, cavernous appearance upon collection, and the lilac colouration." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3855337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3855337/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
), but scattered irregularly on the surface, about 0.5–1.0 mm high; conule apices resemble hairs in the preserved specimen (
<figureCitation id="709D4CA15E389809FB39FAF15255FA48" box="[1243,1332,1407,1433]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1896,1921]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,597,1871]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[199,1387,597,1871]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dysidea tuapokere sp. nov., holotype NIWA 92974: A. Before collection, showing the irregular, bulbous, digitate morphology, and irregularly dispersed conules; B. Close-up, showing the irregularly spaced conules that appear opaque, due to the presence of abundant sand, and between which stretch collagenous fibrils giving the surface a tent-like appearance; C. Ex- situ photograph showing the shrunken, cavernous appearance upon collection, and the lilac colouration." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3855337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3855337/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
). Dermal membrane thin and translucent in life and after preservation. Cobwebs of fibrillar collagen in the surface membrane are visible, stretching between the tips of primary fibres, between which are set membranous oscules, about
<quantity id="2F5EFDC15E389809FAB9FA4952FCFA30" box="[1371,1437,1479,1505]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="528" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
diameter (
<figureCitation id="709D4CA15E389809FEEAFA6556E0F9D4" box="[264,385,1515,1541]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1896,1921]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,597,1871]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[199,1387,597,1871]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dysidea tuapokere sp. nov., holotype NIWA 92974: A. Before collection, showing the irregular, bulbous, digitate morphology, and irregularly dispersed conules; B. Close-up, showing the irregularly spaced conules that appear opaque, due to the presence of abundant sand, and between which stretch collagenous fibrils giving the surface a tent-like appearance; C. Ex- situ photograph showing the shrunken, cavernous appearance upon collection, and the lilac colouration." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3855337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3855337/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
). Conules accentuated in the shrunken, preserved condition (
<figureCitation id="709D4CA15E389809FBC8FA6553E2F9D4" box="[1066,1155,1515,1541]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1896,1921]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,597,1871]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[199,1387,597,1871]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dysidea tuapokere sp. nov., holotype NIWA 92974: A. Before collection, showing the irregular, bulbous, digitate morphology, and irregularly dispersed conules; B. Close-up, showing the irregularly spaced conules that appear opaque, due to the presence of abundant sand, and between which stretch collagenous fibrils giving the surface a tent-like appearance; C. Ex- situ photograph showing the shrunken, cavernous appearance upon collection, and the lilac colouration." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3855337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3855337/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
). Texture soft, compressible, slightly elastic and fragile due to the incorporation of large amounts of detritus in the fibres. Colour in life, translucent lilac under natural lighting
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E389809FDB0F9BA55F8F99C" box="[594,665,1588,1613]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">in situ</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="709D4CA15E389809FD48F9BD5446F99C" box="[682,807,1587,1613]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1896,1921]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,597,1871]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[199,1387,597,1871]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dysidea tuapokere sp. nov., holotype NIWA 92974: A. Before collection, showing the irregular, bulbous, digitate morphology, and irregularly dispersed conules; B. Close-up, showing the irregularly spaced conules that appear opaque, due to the presence of abundant sand, and between which stretch collagenous fibrils giving the surface a tent-like appearance; C. Ex- situ photograph showing the shrunken, cavernous appearance upon collection, and the lilac colouration." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3855337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3855337/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">Fig. 2A, C</figureCitation>
), and tan in shaded sections (
<figureCitation id="709D4CA15E389809FB98F9BD53B5F99C" box="[1146,1236,1587,1613]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1896,1921]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,597,1871]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[199,1387,597,1871]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dysidea tuapokere sp. nov., holotype NIWA 92974: A. Before collection, showing the irregular, bulbous, digitate morphology, and irregularly dispersed conules; B. Close-up, showing the irregularly spaced conules that appear opaque, due to the presence of abundant sand, and between which stretch collagenous fibrils giving the surface a tent-like appearance; C. Ex- situ photograph showing the shrunken, cavernous appearance upon collection, and the lilac colouration." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3855337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3855337/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
). Cream to tan in preservative.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E81950245E389809FF25F9F456DFF898" blockId="5.[151,1437,1190,2045]" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E389809FF25F9F45654F944" bold="true" box="[199,309,1658,1685]" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">Skeleton.</emphasis>
Primary fibres heavily cored with sand and foreign spicule fragments, about 308 (200–500) µm thick (
<figureCitation id="709D4CA15E389809FF42F911579BF968" box="[160,250,1695,1721]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1898,1923]" captionTargetBox="[212,1375,181,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[212,1375,181,1872]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dysidea tuapokere sp. nov., holotype NIWA 92974: A. Histological section showing a heavily cored primary fibre extending beneath a surface conule, and eurypylous choanocyte chambers in the surrounding mesohyl which is relatively clear of detritus, and unarmoured surface; B. Macerated, heavily cored, highly irregular, divaricating primary fibre, connected by slender, cored secondary fibres with fine auxiliary struts attaching the secondary fibre to the primary fibre." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3855339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3855339/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
), frequently bifurcating or divaricating further below the surface (
<figureCitation id="709D4CA15E389809FC06F911535CF968" box="[996,1085,1695,1721]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1898,1923]" captionTargetBox="[212,1375,181,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[212,1375,181,1872]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dysidea tuapokere sp. nov., holotype NIWA 92974: A. Histological section showing a heavily cored primary fibre extending beneath a surface conule, and eurypylous choanocyte chambers in the surrounding mesohyl which is relatively clear of detritus, and unarmoured surface; B. Macerated, heavily cored, highly irregular, divaricating primary fibre, connected by slender, cored secondary fibres with fine auxiliary struts attaching the secondary fibre to the primary fibre." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3855339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3855339/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). Secondary fibres are variable in thickness, often flanged where they join the primary fibre, and generally only partially cored, in which case the laminated golden spongin is visible surrounding the inclusions in histological sections (
<figureCitation id="709D4CA15E389809FB9FF969539BF8D0" box="[1149,1274,1767,1793]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1493,1518]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1467]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1435,181,1467]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dysidea tuapokere sp. nov., holotype NIWA 92974: A. Laminated spongin less visible in more heavily cored primary fibres; B. Laminated golden spongin visible in lightly cored secondary fibres; C. Ectosomal membrane containing fibrillar collagen in the surface. Note only traces of detritus in mesohyl." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3855341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3855341/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">Fig. 4A, B</figureCitation>
); 69 (50–100) µm thick. The secondary fibres are supported by cored auxiliary fibres that link the secondary and primary fibres;
<quantity id="2F5EFDC15E389809FF75F8A0566BF898" box="[151,266,1838,1865]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="528" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10–15 µm</quantity>
thick (
<figureCitation id="709D4CA15E389809FEBAF8A156D1F898" box="[344,432,1839,1865]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1898,1923]" captionTargetBox="[212,1375,181,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[212,1375,181,1872]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dysidea tuapokere sp. nov., holotype NIWA 92974: A. Histological section showing a heavily cored primary fibre extending beneath a surface conule, and eurypylous choanocyte chambers in the surrounding mesohyl which is relatively clear of detritus, and unarmoured surface; B. Macerated, heavily cored, highly irregular, divaricating primary fibre, connected by slender, cored secondary fibres with fine auxiliary struts attaching the secondary fibre to the primary fibre." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3855339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3855339/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E81950245E389809FF25F8DD5671F82C" blockId="5.[151,1437,1190,2045]" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">
The overall architecture is extremely irregular and mesh size difficult to provide meaningful dimensions for but range from about
<quantity id="2F5EFDC15E389809FE73F8F85565F840" box="[401,516,1910,1937]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="528" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–3 mm</quantity>
wide. The irregularity of the overall skeleton is evident in
<figureCitation id="709D4CA15E389809FB4BF8F9522EF840" box="[1193,1359,1911,1937]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1896,1921]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,597,1871]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[199,1387,597,1871]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dysidea tuapokere sp. nov., holotype NIWA 92974: A. Before collection, showing the irregular, bulbous, digitate morphology, and irregularly dispersed conules; B. Close-up, showing the irregularly spaced conules that appear opaque, due to the presence of abundant sand, and between which stretch collagenous fibrils giving the surface a tent-like appearance; C. Ex- situ photograph showing the shrunken, cavernous appearance upon collection, and the lilac colouration." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3855337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3855337/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">Figs 2A and B</figureCitation>
which show the surface conules clustered in groups on the tips of the branches, being evidence of extensive divarication below the surface [compare to the regularity of the surface in
<taxonomicName id="2FA62BA75E389809FCB9F84E5376F808" box="[859,1047,1983,2009]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dysideidae" genus="Dysidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="5" pageNumber="528" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cristagalli">
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E389809FCB9F84E540EF808" box="[859,879,1984,2009]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">D</emphasis>
. cf.
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E389809FC46F8315376F808" box="[932,1047,1983,2009]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">cristagalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="709D4CA15E389809FBCAF831530DF808" box="[1064,1132,1982,2009]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1933,1958]" captionTargetBox="[167,1419,777,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[167,1419,777,1908]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. A. Dysidea cf. cristagalli (NIWA 101432, MNP7240, UKNHM 2004.10.5.1) collected from a reef flat at 33 m, in Spirits Bay, North Cape, in 2002." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3855343" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3855343/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="2FA62BA75E389809FB4CF84E5258F808" authority="Mc Cormack &amp; Kelly &amp; Battershill, 2020" authorityName="Mc Cormack &amp; Kelly &amp; Battershill" authorityYear="2020" box="[1198,1337,1983,2009]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dysideidae" genus="Dysidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="5" pageNumber="528" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="teawanui" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E389809FB4CF84E53A3F808" box="[1198,1218,1984,2009]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">D</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E389809FB30F84E5258F808" box="[1234,1337,1984,2009]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">teawanui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E389809FAA3F83152FDF808" bold="true" box="[1345,1436,1983,2009]" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C1E1314D5E389809FAA3F83152FDF808" box="[1345,1436,1983,2009]" pageId="5" pageNumber="528" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="709D4CA15E389809FF42F86D579AF82C" box="[160,251,2018,2045]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1837,1862]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1812]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1435,309,1812]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Dysidea teawanui sp. nov.: A. Massive, hemispherical, to multilobed specimens covering rocks and boulders at Dive Crescent, Tauranga Harbour at a depth of 5 m; B. Spherical specimen with predatory sea slugs Ceratosoma amoenum; C. Holotype NIWA 113650, showing the almost spherical morphology of smaller specimens, the regular conulose surface with raised, membranous oscules visible in profile on the surface; D. Surface of a massive specimen showing large apical oscules with raised membranous collars; E. Apical oscule showing regular distribution of conules and collagen fibrils stretching between conules." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3855345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3855345/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="528">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
)].
</paragraph>
<caption id="BCD900AC5E3B980AFF75FBB5557CFBA9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3855335" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3855335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3855335/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="529" startId="6.[151,250,1083,1108]" targetBox="[164,1422,188,1051]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="E81950245E3B980AFF75FBB5557CFBA9" blockId="6.[151,1436,1083,1144]" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3B980AFF75FBB55672FB85" bold="true" box="[151,275,1083,1108]" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Map showing type localities for new species,
<taxonomicName id="2FA62BA75E3B980AFD07FBB554C3FB82" authority="Mc Cormack &amp; Kelly &amp; Battershill, 2020" authorityName="Mc Cormack &amp; Kelly &amp; Battershill" authorityYear="2020" box="[741,930,1083,1107]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dysideidae" genus="Dysidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="6" pageNumber="529" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tuapokere" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3B980AFD07FBB554C3FB82" box="[741,930,1083,1107]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">Dysidea tuapokere</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3B980AFC4AFBB25499FB85" bold="true" box="[936,1016,1084,1108]" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C1E1314D5E3B980AFC4AFBB25499FB85" box="[936,1016,1084,1108]" pageId="6" pageNumber="529" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="2FA62BA75E3B980AFBCBFBB253C4FB82" authority="Mc Cormack &amp; Kelly &amp; Battershill, 2020" authorityName="Mc Cormack &amp; Kelly &amp; Battershill" authorityYear="2020" box="[1065,1189,1084,1107]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dysideidae" genus="Dysidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="6" pageNumber="529" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="teawanui" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3B980AFBCBFBB2535AFB82" box="[1065,1083,1084,1107]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">D</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3B980AFBAAFBB253C4FB82" box="[1096,1189,1084,1107]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">teawanui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3B980AFB49FBB2539AFB85" bold="true" box="[1195,1275,1084,1108]" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C1E1314D5E3B980AFB49FBB2539AFB85" box="[1195,1275,1084,1108]" pageId="6" pageNumber="529" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, from Tauranga Harbour, Bay of Plenty, New Zealand.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="E81950245E3B980AFF25FB2E54E9FA9A" blockId="6.[151,1437,1184,2038]" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">
The ectosome consists of a dense band of pigmented collagen fibrils (
<figureCitation id="709D4CA15E3B980AFC03FB2E5359FB6A" box="[993,1080,1184,1211]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1493,1518]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1467]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1435,181,1467]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dysidea tuapokere sp. nov., holotype NIWA 92974: A. Laminated spongin less visible in more heavily cored primary fibres; B. Laminated golden spongin visible in lightly cored secondary fibres; C. Ectosomal membrane containing fibrillar collagen in the surface. Note only traces of detritus in mesohyl." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3855341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3855341/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
) and appears cavernous in sections; about
<quantity id="2F5EFDC15E3B980AFEC3FB4B56C0FB0E" box="[289,417,1221,1247]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="529" unit="mm" value="65.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="30.0">30–100 µm</quantity>
deep, strands of which stretch between the apex of the primary fibres. A translucent dermal membrane is raised by large primary fibres, rarely with any inclusions of detritus; unarmoured (
<figureCitation id="709D4CA15E3B980AFB29FB665244FAD2" box="[1227,1317,1256,1283]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1493,1518]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1467]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1435,181,1467]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dysidea tuapokere sp. nov., holotype NIWA 92974: A. Laminated spongin less visible in more heavily cored primary fibres; B. Laminated golden spongin visible in lightly cored secondary fibres; C. Ectosomal membrane containing fibrillar collagen in the surface. Note only traces of detritus in mesohyl." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3855341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3855341/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
). The choanocyte chambers are eurypylous,
<quantity id="2F5EFDC15E3B980AFDF9FA8255EFFAF6" box="[539,654,1292,1319]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="529" unit="mm" value="40.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="30.0">30–50 µm</quantity>
diameter, and clearly visible in the choanosome (see
<figureCitation id="709D4CA15E3B980AFB07FA82525CFAF6" box="[1253,1341,1292,1319]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1898,1923]" captionTargetBox="[212,1375,181,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[212,1375,181,1872]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dysidea tuapokere sp. nov., holotype NIWA 92974: A. Histological section showing a heavily cored primary fibre extending beneath a surface conule, and eurypylous choanocyte chambers in the surrounding mesohyl which is relatively clear of detritus, and unarmoured surface; B. Macerated, heavily cored, highly irregular, divaricating primary fibre, connected by slender, cored secondary fibres with fine auxiliary struts attaching the secondary fibre to the primary fibre." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3855339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3855339/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="709D4CA15E3B980AFAABFA8352EFFAF6" box="[1353,1422,1293,1319]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1493,1518]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1467]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1435,181,1467]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dysidea tuapokere sp. nov., holotype NIWA 92974: A. Laminated spongin less visible in more heavily cored primary fibres; B. Laminated golden spongin visible in lightly cored secondary fibres; C. Ectosomal membrane containing fibrillar collagen in the surface. Note only traces of detritus in mesohyl." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3855341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3855341/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">4A, B</figureCitation>
). Detritus is scattered lightly through the choanosome and ectosome.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E81950245E3B980AFF25FADA5492FA42" blockId="6.[151,1437,1184,2038]" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3B980AFF25FADA5514FABE" bold="true" box="[199,629,1364,1391]" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">Substrate, depth range and ecology.</emphasis>
Found predominantly on rocky reefs within a relatively sheltered location. Associated with kelp forests or sponge gardens. Depth range is
<quantity id="2F5EFDC15E3B980AFC75FAF6548EFA42" box="[919,1007,1400,1427]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="529" unit="m" value="8.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="5.0">
5–
<specimenCount id="FEA09BAD5E3B980AFC51FAF6548EFA42" box="[947,1007,1400,1427]" pageId="6" pageNumber="529" type="generic">12 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A0BC03AF5E3B980AFF25FA135681FA2F" pageId="6" pageNumber="529" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="E81950245E3B980AFF25FA135681FA2F" blockId="6.[151,1437,1184,2038]" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3B980AFF25FA13562FFA66" bold="true" box="[199,334,1437,1463]" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named for the beautiful, translucent, pale lilac colouration of this species in life (
<taxonomicName id="2FA62BA75E3B980AFB3BFA125229FA67" authorityName="Mc Cormack &amp; Kelly &amp; Battershill" authorityYear="2020" box="[1241,1352,1436,1462]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dysideidae" genus="Dysidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="6" pageNumber="529" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tuapokere">
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3B980AFB3BFA125229FA67" box="[1241,1352,1436,1462]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">tuapokere</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, violet; te reo Māori). This species name was accepted and approved by local Tauranga Moana iwi, Ngāti Ranginui, Ngāi Te Rangi and Ngāti Pūkenga.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A0BC03AF5E3B9806FF25F98756A3FECE" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="533" pageId="6" pageNumber="529" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="E81950245E3B980AFF25F9875798F827" blockId="6.[151,1437,1184,2038]" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3B980AFF25F987565AF9F2" bold="true" box="[199,315,1545,1571]" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="2FA62BA75E3B980AFEA0F9865575F9F3" authority="Mc Cormack &amp; Kelly &amp; Battershill, 2020" authorityName="Mc Cormack &amp; Kelly &amp; Battershill" authorityYear="2020" box="[322,532,1544,1570]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dysideidae" genus="Dysidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="6" pageNumber="529" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tuapokere" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3B980AFEA0F9865575F9F3" box="[322,532,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">Dysidea tuapokere</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3B980AFDF9F9875515F9F2" bold="true" box="[539,628,1545,1571]" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C1E1314D5E3B980AFDF9F9875515F9F2" box="[539,628,1545,1571]" pageId="6" pageNumber="529" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is a shallow-water harbour species, with a cavernous lobo-digitate morphology, similar to several species described or noted from
<collectingCountry id="90B110B45E3B980AFCC4F9A354DBF997" box="[806,954,1580,1607]" name="New Zealand" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
waters. Most of these species are, however, inadequately described and figured, so only a limited comparison can be made in most cases. The most recently described species,
<taxonomicName id="2FA62BA75E3B980AFE8AF9FB55A5F95F" authority="Bergquist, 1961 a" authorityName="Bergquist" authorityYear="1961" box="[360,708,1652,1678]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dysideidae" genus="Dysidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="6" pageNumber="529" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cristagalli">
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3B980AFE8AF9FB569CF95F" box="[360,509,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">D. cristagalli</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8C372DD55E3B980AFDE1F9FA55A5F95F" author="Bergquist, P." box="[515,708,1652,1678]" pageId="6" pageNumber="529" pagination="33 - 48" refId="ref9572" refString="Bergquist, P. (1961 a) A collection of Porifera from Northern New Zealand, with descriptions of seventeen new species. Pacific Science, 15 (1), 33 - 48." type="journal article" year="1961">Bergquist, 1961a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, was collected from the intertidal zone on Rangitoto Island in the North Island’s Waitemata Harbour, and the Noises Islands in the inner Hauraki Gulf (
<tableCitation id="A524659F5E3B980AFBBBF91653CCF962" box="[1113,1197,1688,1715]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,239,478,502]" captionText="TABLE 1. The status of previously described species of Dysidea, within the New Zealand EEZ, and proposed changes." pageId="6" pageNumber="529">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="2FA62BA75E3B980AFB24F91652FDF963" authorityName="Bergquist" authorityYear="1961" box="[1222,1436,1688,1714]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dysideidae" genus="Dysidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="6" pageNumber="529" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cristagalli">
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3B980AFB24F91652FDF963" box="[1222,1436,1688,1714]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">Dysidea cristagalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs morphologically from
<taxonomicName id="2FA62BA75E3B980AFE06F9335514F907" authority="Mc Cormack &amp; Kelly &amp; Battershill, 2020" authorityName="Mc Cormack &amp; Kelly &amp; Battershill" authorityYear="2020" box="[484,629,1724,1751]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dysideidae" genus="Dysidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="6" pageNumber="529" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tuapokere" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3B980AFE06F9335699F907" box="[484,504,1725,1750]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">D</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3B980AFDE4F9325514F907" box="[518,629,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">tuapokere</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3B980AFD9EF93355B4F906" bold="true" box="[636,725,1725,1751]" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C1E1314D5E3B980AFD9EF93355B4F906" box="[636,725,1725,1751]" pageId="6" pageNumber="529" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
in being, “erect, tubular in shape, with several tubes coalescing to give a tubula-flabellate condition” (
<bibRefCitation id="8C372DD55E3B980AFDABF96E5469F92B" author="Bergquist, P." box="[585,776,1760,1786]" pageId="6" pageNumber="529" pagination="33 - 48" refId="ref9572" refString="Bergquist, P. (1961 a) A collection of Porifera from Northern New Zealand, with descriptions of seventeen new species. Pacific Science, 15 (1), 33 - 48." type="journal article" year="1961">Bergquist 1961a</bibRefCitation>
:
<figureCitation id="709D4CA15E3B980AFCF6F96E5407F92A" box="[788,870,1760,1787]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1083,1108]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,188,1051]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[160,1428,181,1057]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map showing type localities for new species, Dysidea tuapokere sp. nov. and D. teawanui sp. nov., from Tauranga Harbour, Bay of Plenty, New Zealand." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3855335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3855335/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">Fig. 1b</figureCitation>
). The oscules were “apical, giving access to deep cloacae”, a completely different morphology to the cavernous lobo-digitate form of
<taxonomicName id="2FA62BA75E3B980AFBBAF88B538AF8CF" authority="Mc Cormack &amp; Kelly &amp; Battershill, 2020" authorityName="Mc Cormack &amp; Kelly &amp; Battershill" authorityYear="2020" box="[1112,1259,1796,1823]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dysideidae" genus="Dysidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="6" pageNumber="529" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tuapokere" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3B980AFBBAF88B530DF8CF" box="[1112,1132,1797,1822]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">D</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3B980AFB9EF88A538AF8CF" box="[1148,1259,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">tuapokere</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3B980AFB16F88B522EF8CE" bold="true" box="[1268,1359,1797,1823]" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C1E1314D5E3B980AFB16F88B522EF8CE" box="[1268,1359,1797,1823]" pageId="6" pageNumber="529" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
which has small, flush oscules scattered across the sponge. Additional key differences are the colouration in life (
<taxonomicName id="2FA62BA75E3B980AFAA4F8A75781F8B7" authorityName="Bergquist" authorityYear="1961" class="Demospongiae" family="Dysideidae" genus="Dysidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="6" pageNumber="529" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cristagalli">
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3B980AFAA4F8A7523BF893" box="[1350,1370,1833,1858]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">D</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3B980AFA8BF8A75781F8B7" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">cristagalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: “ash-grey”;
<taxonomicName id="2FA62BA75E3B980AFE95F8C35569F8B7" authority="Mc Cormack &amp; Kelly &amp; Battershill, 2020" authorityName="Mc Cormack &amp; Kelly &amp; Battershill" authorityYear="2020" box="[375,520,1868,1895]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dysideidae" genus="Dysidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="6" pageNumber="529" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tuapokere" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3B980AFE95F8C356EAF8B7" box="[375,395,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">D</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3B980AFE7BF8C25569F8B7" box="[409,520,1868,1894]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">tuapokere</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3B980AFDEDF8C35508F8B6" bold="true" box="[527,617,1869,1895]" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C1E1314D5E3B980AFDEDF8C35508F8B6" box="[527,617,1869,1895]" pageId="6" pageNumber="529" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: translucent lilac) and skeletal architecture:
<bibRefCitation id="8C372DD55E3B980AFBBBF8C25242F8B6" author="Bergquist, P." box="[1113,1315,1868,1895]" pageId="6" pageNumber="529" pagination="33 - 48" refId="ref9572" refString="Bergquist, P. (1961 a) A collection of Porifera from Northern New Zealand, with descriptions of seventeen new species. Pacific Science, 15 (1), 33 - 48." type="journal article" year="1961">Bergquist (1961a)</bibRefCitation>
stated that she could not distinguish between the primary and secondary fibres, which ranged in diameter from
<quantity id="2F5EFDC15E3B980AFAF1F8FF52F6F85A" box="[1299,1431,1905,1931]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="529" unit="mm" value="110.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="20.0">20–200 µm</quantity>
, whereas in
<taxonomicName id="2FA62BA75E3B980AFEF5F81B56C8F87F" authority="Mc Cormack &amp; Kelly &amp; Battershill, 2020" authorityName="Mc Cormack &amp; Kelly &amp; Battershill" authorityYear="2020" box="[279,425,1940,1967]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dysideidae" genus="Dysidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="6" pageNumber="529" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tuapokere" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3B980AFEF5F81B564AF87F" box="[279,299,1941,1966]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">D</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3B980AFED8F81A56C8F87F" box="[314,425,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">tuapokere</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3B980AFE52F81B556BF87E" bold="true" box="[432,522,1941,1967]" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C1E1314D5E3B980AFE52F81B556BF87E" box="[432,522,1941,1967]" pageId="6" pageNumber="529" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
the secondary fibres are much smaller than the primaries which can be up to
<quantity id="2F5EFDC15E3B980AFA90F81A57DCF802" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="529" unit="mm" value="500.0">500 µm</quantity>
thick.
<bibRefCitation id="8C372DD55E3B980AFEE9F83656B7F802" author="Bergquist, P." box="[267,470,1976,2003]" pageId="6" pageNumber="529" pagination="33 - 48" refId="ref9572" refString="Bergquist, P. (1961 a) A collection of Porifera from Northern New Zealand, with descriptions of seventeen new species. Pacific Science, 15 (1), 33 - 48." type="journal article" year="1961">Bergquist (1961a)</bibRefCitation>
also noted that the fibres of
<taxonomicName id="2FA62BA75E3B980AFCFBF83754CEF803" authorityName="Bergquist" authorityYear="1961" box="[793,943,1976,2003]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dysideidae" genus="Dysidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="6" pageNumber="529" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cristagalli">
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3B980AFCFBF837544CF803" box="[793,813,1977,2002]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">D</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3B980AFCDEF83654CEF803" box="[828,943,1976,2002]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="529">cristagalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are exclusively packed with broken sponge spicules.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E81950245E3A980BFF25FF1752F8FDEE" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,575]" pageId="7" pageNumber="530">
Several specimens have been attributed to
<taxonomicName id="2FA62BA75E3A980BFD44FF14545DFF62" authorityName="Bergquist" authorityYear="1961" box="[678,828,153,179]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dysideidae" genus="Dysidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="7" pageNumber="530" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cristagalli">
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3A980BFD44FF1455DBFF62" box="[678,698,154,179]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="530">D</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3A980BFD2BFF17545DFF62" box="[713,828,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="530">cristagalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with hesitation, including one by Kelly in
<bibRefCitation id="8C372DD55E3A980BFAFCFF175647FF06" author="McNamara, C. &amp; Larsen, L. &amp; Perry, N. &amp; Harper, J. &amp; Berridge, M. &amp; Chia, E. &amp; Webb, V." pageId="7" pageNumber="530" pagination="1431 - 1433" refId="ref11185" refString="McNamara, C., Larsen, L., Perry, N., Harper, J., Berridge, M., Chia, E. &amp; Webb, V. (2005) Anti-inflammatory Sesquiterpenequinones from the New Zealand sponge Dysidea cf. cristagalli. Journal of Natural Products, 68 (9), 1431 - 1433. https: // doi. org / 10.1021 / np 050171 n" type="journal article" year="2005">
McNamara
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3A980BFF75FF3057ABFF06" box="[151,202,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="530">et al</emphasis>
. (2005)
</bibRefCitation>
. That sponge (NIWA
<date id="9C1876E45E3A980BFDFCFF335515FF06" box="[542,628,189,215]" pageId="7" pageNumber="530" value="32-10-14">101432</date>
) was described as forming a “spherical mass of meandering ridges and interconnected short blunt branches”, with oscules situated on the ends of branches and along the tops of ridges (
<figureCitation id="709D4CA15E3A980BFA8DFF6F57C6FECE" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1933,1958]" captionTargetBox="[167,1419,777,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[167,1419,777,1908]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. A. Dysidea cf. cristagalli (NIWA 101432, MNP7240, UKNHM 2004.10.5.1) collected from a reef flat at 33 m, in Spirits Bay, North Cape, in 2002." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3855343" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3855343/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="530">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). While this arrangement is superficially similar to the “tubula-flabellate” condition of Bergquist’s
<taxonomicName id="2FA62BA75E3A980BFAE2FE8852F4FECE" authorityName="Bergquist" authorityYear="1961" box="[1280,1429,261,287]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dysideidae" genus="Dysidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="7" pageNumber="530" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cristagalli">
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3A980BFAE2FE885275FECE" box="[1280,1300,262,287]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="530">D</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3A980BFAC0FE8B52F4FECE" box="[1314,1429,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="530">cristagalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the oscules in NIWA
<date id="9C1876E45E3A980BFE65FEA756BAFE92" box="[391,475,297,323]" pageId="7" pageNumber="530" value="32-10-14">101432</date>
do not lead to deep cloacae (
<figureCitation id="709D4CA15E3A980BFCC4FEA7540AFE92" box="[806,875,296,323]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1933,1958]" captionTargetBox="[167,1419,777,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[167,1419,777,1908]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. A. Dysidea cf. cristagalli (NIWA 101432, MNP7240, UKNHM 2004.10.5.1) collected from a reef flat at 33 m, in Spirits Bay, North Cape, in 2002." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3855343" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3855343/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="530">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). Although the colour of NIWA
<date id="9C1876E45E3A980BFB35FEA7524AFE92" box="[1239,1323,297,323]" pageId="7" pageNumber="530" value="32-10-14">101432</date>
was cited as “greyish white”, the
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3A980BFE47FEC0568CFEB6" box="[421,493,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="530">in -situ</emphasis>
image was taken in natural lighting and is misleading with red light absorption at depth. The skeleton of NIWA
<date id="9C1876E45E3A980BFE05FEFF555AFE5A" box="[487,571,369,395]" pageId="7" pageNumber="530" value="32-10-14">101432</date>
is comprised of a loose reticulation of large sand-grains cemented into fibres with spongin clearly visible, connected to each other by numerous fibres containing predominantly spicule debris, features not noted by
<bibRefCitation id="8C372DD55E3A980BFE65FE375535FE05" author="Bergquist, P." box="[391,596,441,468]" pageId="7" pageNumber="530" pagination="33 - 48" refId="ref9572" refString="Bergquist, P. (1961 a) A collection of Porifera from Northern New Zealand, with descriptions of seventeen new species. Pacific Science, 15 (1), 33 - 48." type="journal article" year="1961">Bergquist (1961a)</bibRefCitation>
. With the benefit of hindsight, the sponge NIWA
<date id="9C1876E45E3A980BFB94FE3753ABFE02" box="[1142,1226,441,467]" pageId="7" pageNumber="530" value="32-10-14">101432</date>
is almost certainly not
<taxonomicName id="2FA62BA75E3A980BFF20FE5356F8FE26" authorityName="Bergquist" authorityYear="1961" box="[194,409,477,503]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dysideidae" genus="Dysidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="7" pageNumber="530" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cristagalli">
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3A980BFF20FE5356F8FE26" box="[194,409,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="530">Dysidea cristagalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, most likely representing a new species.
<taxonomicName id="2FA62BA75E3A980BFC8AFE53535BFE26" authority="Mc Cormack &amp; Kelly &amp; Battershill, 2020" authorityName="Mc Cormack &amp; Kelly &amp; Battershill" authorityYear="2020" box="[872,1082,477,503]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dysideidae" genus="Dysidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="7" pageNumber="530" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tuapokere" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3A980BFC8AFE53535BFE26" box="[872,1082,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="530">Dysidea tuapokere</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3A980BFBA3FE5353FAFE26" bold="true" box="[1089,1179,477,503]" pageId="7" pageNumber="530">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C1E1314D5E3A980BFBA3FE5353FAFE26" box="[1089,1179,477,503]" pageId="7" pageNumber="530" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is distinct from NIWA
<quantity id="2F5EFDC15E3A980BFF75FD8F566BFDCA" box="[151,266,513,539]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5763728" pageId="7" pageNumber="530" unit="in" value="101432.0">
<date id="9C1876E45E3A980BFF75FD8F578AFDCA" box="[151,235,513,539]" pageId="7" pageNumber="530" value="32-10-14">101432</date>
in
</quantity>
the sandy surface texture of the latter (implying a dermal membrane charged with detritus), and in the extremely regular disposition of the surface conules, compared to that in
<taxonomicName id="2FA62BA75E3A980BFC56FDA85322FDEE" authority="Mc Cormack &amp; Kelly &amp; Battershill, 2020" authorityName="Mc Cormack &amp; Kelly &amp; Battershill" authorityYear="2020" box="[948,1091,549,575]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dysideidae" genus="Dysidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="7" pageNumber="530" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tuapokere" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3A980BFC56FDA854A9FDEE" box="[948,968,550,575]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="530">D</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3A980BFC34FDAB5322FDEE" box="[982,1091,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="530">tuapokere</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3A980BFBABFDAB53C0FDEE" bold="true" box="[1097,1185,549,575]" pageId="7" pageNumber="530">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C1E1314D5E3A980BFBABFDAB53C0FDEE" box="[1097,1185,549,575]" pageId="7" pageNumber="530" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(compare
<figureCitation id="709D4CA15E3A980BFAF7FDAB52EAFDEE" box="[1301,1419,549,575]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1896,1921]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,597,1871]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[199,1387,597,1871]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dysidea tuapokere sp. nov., holotype NIWA 92974: A. Before collection, showing the irregular, bulbous, digitate morphology, and irregularly dispersed conules; B. Close-up, showing the irregularly spaced conules that appear opaque, due to the presence of abundant sand, and between which stretch collagenous fibrils giving the surface a tent-like appearance; C. Ex- situ photograph showing the shrunken, cavernous appearance upon collection, and the lilac colouration." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3855337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3855337/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="530">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="BCD900AC5E3A980BFF75F8E653D2F83C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3855337" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3855337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3855337/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="530" startId="7.[151,250,1896,1921]" targetBox="[199,1387,597,1871]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="E81950245E3A980BFF75F8E653D2F83C" blockId="7.[151,1437,1896,2029]" pageId="7" pageNumber="530">
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3A980BFF75F8E65672F850" bold="true" box="[151,275,1896,1921]" pageId="7" pageNumber="530">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="2FA62BA75E3A980BFEF8F8E756B9F850" authority="Mc Cormack &amp; Kelly &amp; Battershill, 2020" authorityName="Mc Cormack &amp; Kelly &amp; Battershill" authorityYear="2020" box="[282,472,1897,1921]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dysideidae" genus="Dysidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="7" pageNumber="530" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tuapokere" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3A980BFEF8F8E756B9F850" box="[282,472,1897,1921]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="530">Dysidea tuapokere</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3A980BFE3DF8E75551F850" bold="true" box="[479,560,1897,1921]" pageId="7" pageNumber="530">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C1E1314D5E3A980BFE3DF8E75551F850" box="[479,560,1897,1921]" pageId="7" pageNumber="530" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype NIWA 92974:
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3A980BFCD3F8E6542BF850" bold="true" box="[817,842,1896,1921]" pageId="7" pageNumber="530">A.</emphasis>
Before collection, showing the irregular, bulbous, digitate morphology, and irregularly dispersed conules;
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3A980BFD99F80355F3F874" bold="true" box="[635,658,1933,1957]" pageId="7" pageNumber="530">B.</emphasis>
Close-up, showing the irregularly spaced conules that appear opaque, due to the presence of abundant sand, and between which stretch collagenous fibrils giving the surface a tent-like appearance;
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3A980BFAB8F83E5213F818" bold="true" box="[1370,1394,1968,1993]" pageId="7" pageNumber="530">C.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E3A980BFA9BF83F57DDF83D" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="530">Ex - situ</emphasis>
photograph showing the shrunken, cavernous appearance upon collection, and the lilac colouration.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="BCD900AC5E359804FF75F8E453AEF83E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3855339" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3855339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3855339/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="531" startId="8.[151,250,1898,1923]" targetBox="[212,1375,181,1872]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="E81950245E359804FF75F8E453AEF83E" blockId="8.[151,1436,1898,2031]" pageId="8" pageNumber="531">
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E359804FF75F8E45672F852" bold="true" box="[151,275,1898,1923]" pageId="8" pageNumber="531">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="2FA62BA75E359804FEFBF8E456B7F853" authority="Mc Cormack &amp; Kelly &amp; Battershill, 2020" authorityName="Mc Cormack &amp; Kelly &amp; Battershill" authorityYear="2020" box="[281,470,1898,1922]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dysideidae" genus="Dysidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="8" pageNumber="531" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tuapokere" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E359804FEFBF8E456B7F853" box="[281,470,1898,1922]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="531">Dysidea tuapokere</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E359804FE3EF8E5554CF852" bold="true" box="[476,557,1899,1923]" pageId="8" pageNumber="531">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C1E1314D5E359804FE3EF8E5554CF852" box="[476,557,1899,1923]" pageId="8" pageNumber="531" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype NIWA 92974:
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E359804FCC9F8E45425F852" bold="true" box="[811,836,1898,1923]" pageId="8" pageNumber="531">A.</emphasis>
Histological section showing a heavily cored primary fibre extending beneath a surface conule, and eurypylous choanocyte chambers in the surrounding mesohyl which is relatively clear of detritus, and unarmoured surface;
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E359804FDFAF83D5551F81A" bold="true" box="[536,560,1971,1995]" pageId="8" pageNumber="531">B.</emphasis>
Macerated, heavily cored, highly irregular, divaricating primary fibre, connected by slender, cored secondary fibres with fine auxiliary struts attaching the secondary fibre to the primary fibre.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="BCD900AC5E349805FF75FA5B547BF9E7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3855341" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3855341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3855341/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" startId="9.[151,250,1493,1518]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1467]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="E81950245E349805FF75FA5B547BF9E7" blockId="9.[151,1437,1493,1590]" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E349805FF75FA5B5672FA3F" bold="true" box="[151,275,1493,1518]" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="2FA62BA75E349805FEF8FA5B56B9FA3C" authority="Mc Cormack &amp; Kelly &amp; Battershill, 2020" authorityName="Mc Cormack &amp; Kelly &amp; Battershill" authorityYear="2020" box="[282,472,1493,1517]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dysideidae" genus="Dysidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tuapokere" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E349805FEF8FA5B56B9FA3C" box="[282,472,1493,1517]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">Dysidea tuapokere</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E349805FE3DFA585551FA3F" bold="true" box="[479,560,1494,1518]" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C1E1314D5E349805FE3DFA585551FA3F" box="[479,560,1494,1518]" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype NIWA 92974:
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E349805FCD0FA5B542BFA3F" bold="true" box="[818,842,1493,1518]" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">A.</emphasis>
Laminated spongin less visible in more heavily cored primary fibres;
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E349805FEF5FA74564FF9C3" bold="true" box="[279,302,1530,1554]" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">B.</emphasis>
Laminated golden spongin visible in lightly cored secondary fibres;
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E349805FC02FA775499F9C3" bold="true" box="[992,1016,1529,1554]" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">C.</emphasis>
Ectosomal membrane containing fibrillar collagen in the surface. Note only traces of detritus in mesohyl.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="E81950245E349805FF25F9EA5511F887" blockId="9.[151,1437,1635,2022]" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">
<taxonomicName id="2FA62BA75E349805FF25F9EA5537F9AF" authority="(Dendy, 1924)" baseAuthorityName="Dendy" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[199,598,1636,1662]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dysideidae" genus="Dysidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spiculivora">
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E349805FF25F9EA56CBF9AF" box="[199,426,1636,1662]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">Dysidea spiculivora</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8C372DD55E349805FE58F9EA552FF9AF" author="Dendy, A." box="[442,590,1636,1662]" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" pagination="269 - 392" refId="ref10439" refString="Dendy, A. (1924) Porifera. Part I. Non-Antarctic sponges. Natural history report. British Antarctic (Terra Nova) Expedition, 1910, Zoology, 6 (3), 269 - 392, pls. I-XV." type="journal article" year="1924">Dendy, 1924</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
was described as “irregularly massive, sub-digitate,
<quantity id="2F5EFDC15E349805FB53F9ED5263F9AF" box="[1201,1282,1635,1662]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" unit="mm" value="54.0">54 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="2F5EFDC15E349805FAAEF9EA52FCF9AF" box="[1356,1437,1636,1662]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
diameter, probably repent,” with a “coarsely sub-conulose surface with conuli low and far apart”. The interior was cavernous and no oscules were seen. The colour in life was described as “white, with a curiously translucent appearance”. Dendy described the skeleton as an irregular jumble of spicules and a dermal skeleton was not noted by Dendy (
<tableCitation id="A524659F5E349805FF13F97A5627F8DF" box="[241,326,1780,1806]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,239,478,502]" captionText="TABLE 1. The status of previously described species of Dysidea, within the New Zealand EEZ, and proposed changes." pageId="9" pageNumber="532">Table 1</tableCitation>
). Two specimens closely comparable to this, NIWA 52374 and NIWA 52390, have been collected since this first description: the defining characteristics are the translucent white colouration in life, the cavernous interior and broadly sub-conulose surface.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E81950245E349806FF25F8EE56A3FECE" blockId="9.[151,1437,1635,2022]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,153,287]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="533" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">
<taxonomicName id="2FA62BA75E349805FF25F8EE5642F8AB" authorityName="Johnston" authorityYear="1842" box="[199,291,1888,1914]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dysideidae" genus="Dysidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E349805FF25F8EE5642F8AB" box="[199,291,1888,1914]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">Dysidea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. ‘a’ Brøndsted, 1924, from the
<collectingRegion id="2A629EC65E349805FD49F8EE5479F8AB" box="[683,792,1888,1914]" country="New Zealand" name="Auckland" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">Auckland</collectingRegion>
Islands (
<tableCitation id="A524659F5E349805FC9DF8EE54B5F8AB" box="[895,980,1888,1914]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,239,478,502]" captionText="TABLE 1. The status of previously described species of Dysidea, within the New Zealand EEZ, and proposed changes." pageId="9" pageNumber="532">Table 1</tableCitation>
), is closely comparable to
<taxonomicName id="2FA62BA75E349805FAE8F8EF52FDF8AB" authority="Mc Cormack &amp; Kelly &amp; Battershill, 2020" authorityName="Mc Cormack &amp; Kelly &amp; Battershill" authorityYear="2020" box="[1290,1436,1888,1914]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dysideidae" genus="Dysidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tuapokere" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E349805FAE8F8EF527FF8AB" box="[1290,1310,1889,1914]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">D</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E349805FACFF8EE52FDF8AB" box="[1325,1436,1888,1914]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">tuapokere</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E349805FF75F80A5793F84F" bold="true" box="[151,242,1924,1950]" pageId="9" pageNumber="532">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C1E1314D5E349805FF75F80A5793F84F" box="[151,242,1924,1950]" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
in morphology, composed of “densely anastomosing, evenly thick branches” about
<quantity id="2F5EFDC15E349805FB4AF80D5243F84F" box="[1192,1314,1923,1950]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="532" unit="mm" value="45.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="40.0">40–50 mm</quantity>
long, with a regular, abundantly conulose surface and small oscules, a “thin, pellucid dermal membrane”, a soft consistency and the colour of flesh. However, no skeletal description was attempted as Brøndsted admitted to unfamiliarity with the genus; a direct comparison is not possible in this work. The likelihood of conspecificity of
<taxonomicName id="2FA62BA75E379806FB3CFF145213FF62" authority="Mc Cormack &amp; Kelly &amp; Battershill, 2020" authorityName="Mc Cormack &amp; Kelly &amp; Battershill" authorityYear="2020" box="[1246,1394,153,179]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dysideidae" genus="Dysidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="10" pageNumber="533" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tuapokere" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E379806FB3CFF145393FF62" box="[1246,1266,154,179]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="533">D</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E379806FAE1FF175213FF62" box="[1283,1394,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="533">tuapokere</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="DAD28C365E379806FA99FF1757A9FF06" bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="533">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C1E1314D5E379806FA99FF1757A9FF06" pageId="10" pageNumber="533" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
with this ill-defined, almost unrecognisable
<collectingRegion id="2A629EC65E379806FD5BFF335447FF06" box="[697,806,189,215]" country="New Zealand" name="Auckland" pageId="10" pageNumber="533">Auckland</collectingRegion>
Island specimen, is low: there are only a few precedents of well-characterised, deep subtidal species, existing off both the North Island and Subantarctic
<collectingCountry id="90B110B45E379806FB33FF6F5206FF2A" box="[1233,1383,225,251]" name="New Zealand" pageId="10" pageNumber="533">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="8C372DD55E379806FF75FE8B56D6FECE" author="Sim-Smith, C. &amp; Kelly, M." box="[151,439,261,287]" pageId="10" pageNumber="533" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref11756" refString="Sim-Smith, C. &amp; Kelly, M. (2019) Review of the sponge genus Penares (Demospongiae, Tetractinellida, Astrophorina) in the New Zealand EEZ, with descriptions of new species. Zootaxa, 4638 (1), 1 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4638.1.1" type="journal article" year="2019">Sim-Smith &amp; Kelly 2019</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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