435 lines
42 KiB
XML
435 lines
42 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1121-175" ID-Pensoft-UUID="5ED52281A14D529BAB575B813B1D599D" ID-ZooBank="15C9C77E688849BBBC57F7500EF2E06C" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1121-175" checkinTime="1663323263830" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Arteaga, Alejandro, Quezada, Amanda, Vieira, Jose & Guayasamin, Juan M." docDate="2022" docId="40F34958F8F55BD79218C051526D04A4" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1121: 175-210" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1121" docPubDate="2022-09-15" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539" docTitle="Atractus michaelsabini Arteaga & Quezada & Vieira & Guayasamin 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="E85C68A2-DAEF-4BC5-A6B3-6D1FEDEB9983" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="1" id="5ED52281A14D529BAB575B813B1D599D" lastPageNumber="175" masterDocId="5ED52281A14D529BAB575B813B1D599D" masterDocTitle="Leaving no stone unturned: three additional new species of Atractus ground snakes (Serpentes, Colubridae) from Ecuador discovered using a biogeographical approach" masterLastPageNumber="210" masterPageNumber="175" pageNumber="175" updateTime="1663323263830" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Leaving no stone unturned: three additional new species of Atractus ground snakes (Serpentes, Colubridae) from Ecuador discovered using a biogeographical approach</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Arteaga, Alejandro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0014-3728</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Biodiversity Field Lab (BioFL), Khamai Foundation, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">af.arteaga.navarro@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Quezada, Amanda</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9121-2583</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Biodiversity Field Lab (BioFL), Khamai Foundation, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Vieira, Jose</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0926-0362</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>ExSitu, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Guayasamin, Juan M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Laboratorio de Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto Biosfera, Colegio de Ciencias Biologicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-09-15</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1121</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>175</mods:start>
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<mods:end>210</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1121-175</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">15C9C77E688849BBBC57F7500EF2E06C</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">5ED52281A14D529BAB575B813B1D599D</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E85C68A2-DAEF-4BC5-A6B3-6D1FEDEB9983" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/40F34958F8F55BD79218C051526D04A4" lastPageNumber="175" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
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<taxonomicName LSID="https://zoobank.org/E85C68A2-DAEF-4BC5-A6B3-6D1FEDEB9983" authority="Arteaga & Quezada & Vieira & Guayasamin, 2022" authorityName="Arteaga & Quezada & Vieira & Guayasamin" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Atractus michaelsabini" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="michaelsabini" status="sp. nov.">Atractus michaelsabini</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="175">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Adult male holotype of Atractus michaelsabini sp. nov. ZSFQ 4938 in a dorsal and b ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744146" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Figs 8</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Head of the adult male holotype of Atractus michaelsabini sp. nov. ZSFQ 4938 in a dorsal b ventral c lateral right, and d lateral left view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744147" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">, 9</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Photographs of living specimens of Atractus roulei and A. michaelsabini sp. nov. a A. roulei ZSFQ 4942 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador b A. roulei ZSFQ 4944 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador c A. roulei ZSFQ 4941 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador d A. roulei ZSFQ 4945 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador e A. roulei from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador f A. michaelsabini sp. nov. AMARU 002 from Corraleja, Azuay province, Ecuador g A. michaelsabini sp. nov. holotype ZSFQ 4938 from Corraleja, Azuay province, Ecuador and h A. michaelsabini sp. nov. ZSFQ 4939 from El Panecillo, El Oro province, Ecuador." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744148" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
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, 10f-h Proposed standard English name: Michael
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Sabin’s">Sabin's</normalizedToken>
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Ground Snake. Proposed standard Spanish name: Culebra tierrera de Michael Sabin.
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</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
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<taxonomicName authority="Arteaga & Quezada & Vieira & Guayasamin, 2022" authorityName="Arteaga & Quezada & Vieira & Guayasamin" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Atractus roulei" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roulei" status="sp. nov.">Atractus roulei</taxonomicName>
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Savage, 1960: 68 (part).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
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<taxonomicName authority="Arteaga & Quezada & Vieira & Guayasamin, 2022" authorityName="Arteaga & Quezada & Vieira & Guayasamin" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Atractus lehmanni" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lehmanni" status="sp. nov.">Atractus lehmanni</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.661.11224" author="Arteaga, A" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="91 - 123" refId="B7" refString="Arteaga, A, Mebert, K, Valencia, JH, Cisneros-Heredia, DF, Penafiel, N, Reyes-Puig, C, Vieira-Fernandes, JL, Guayasamin, JM, 2017. Molecular phylogeny of Atractus (Serpentes, Dipsadidae), with emphasis on Ecuadorian species and the description of three new taxa. ZooKeys 661: 91 - 123, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.661.11224" title="Molecular phylogeny of Atractus (Serpentes, Dipsadidae), with emphasis on Ecuadorian species and the description of three new taxa." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.661.11224" volume="661" year="2017">Arteaga et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
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: 97.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
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ZSFQ 4938 (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Adult male holotype of Atractus michaelsabini sp. nov. ZSFQ 4938 in a dorsal and b ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744146" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">8</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Head of the adult male holotype of Atractus michaelsabini sp. nov. ZSFQ 4938 in a dorsal b ventral c lateral right, and d lateral left view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744147" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">9</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Photographs of living specimens of Atractus roulei and A. michaelsabini sp. nov. a A. roulei ZSFQ 4942 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador b A. roulei ZSFQ 4944 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador c A. roulei ZSFQ 4941 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador d A. roulei ZSFQ 4945 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador e A. roulei from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador f A. michaelsabini sp. nov. AMARU 002 from Corraleja, Azuay province, Ecuador g A. michaelsabini sp. nov. holotype ZSFQ 4938 from Corraleja, Azuay province, Ecuador and h A. michaelsabini sp. nov. ZSFQ 4939 from El Panecillo, El Oro province, Ecuador." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744148" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">10g</figureCitation>
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), adult male collected by Jorge Luis Romero at Corraleja, Azuay province, Ecuador (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="3.3874" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-3.3874">S3.3874</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="79.22785" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-79.22785">W79.22785</geoCoordinate>
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; 2660 m).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744146" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Figure 8.</emphasis>
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Adult male holotype of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Arteaga & Quezada & Vieira & Guayasamin" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Atractus michaelsabini" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="michaelsabini">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Atractus michaelsabini</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. ZSFQ 4938 in
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">a</emphasis>
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dorsal and
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">b</emphasis>
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ventral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744147" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Figure 9.</emphasis>
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Head of the adult male holotype of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Arteaga & Quezada & Vieira & Guayasamin" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Atractus michaelsabini" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="michaelsabini">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Atractus michaelsabini</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. ZSFQ 4938 in
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">a</emphasis>
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dorsal
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">b</emphasis>
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ventral
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">c</emphasis>
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lateral right, and
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">d</emphasis>
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lateral left view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="paratypes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Paratypes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
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MZUTI 5289, adult female collected by Jorge Luis Romero at the type locality. AMARU 002 (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Photographs of living specimens of Atractus roulei and A. michaelsabini sp. nov. a A. roulei ZSFQ 4942 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador b A. roulei ZSFQ 4944 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador c A. roulei ZSFQ 4941 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador d A. roulei ZSFQ 4945 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador e A. roulei from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador f A. michaelsabini sp. nov. AMARU 002 from Corraleja, Azuay province, Ecuador g A. michaelsabini sp. nov. holotype ZSFQ 4938 from Corraleja, Azuay province, Ecuador and h A. michaelsabini sp. nov. ZSFQ 4939 from El Panecillo, El Oro province, Ecuador." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744148" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">10f</figureCitation>
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), adult female collected by Jorge Luis Romero at the type locality. ZSFQ 4939 (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Photographs of living specimens of Atractus roulei and A. michaelsabini sp. nov. a A. roulei ZSFQ 4942 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador b A. roulei ZSFQ 4944 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador c A. roulei ZSFQ 4941 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador d A. roulei ZSFQ 4945 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador e A. roulei from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador f A. michaelsabini sp. nov. AMARU 002 from Corraleja, Azuay province, Ecuador g A. michaelsabini sp. nov. holotype ZSFQ 4938 from Corraleja, Azuay province, Ecuador and h A. michaelsabini sp. nov. ZSFQ 4939 from El Panecillo, El Oro province, Ecuador." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744148" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">10h</figureCitation>
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), juvenile female collected by Jose Vieira and Amanda Quezada at El Panecillo, El Oro province, Ecuador (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="3.46753" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-3.46753">S3.46753</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="79.48248" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-79.48248">W79.48248</geoCoordinate>
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; 2750 m). QCAZ 7887 and 7902, adult male and female collected by Silvia
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Aldás">Aldas</normalizedToken>
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in December 2006 at
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Guanazán">Guanazan</normalizedToken>
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, El Oro province, Ecuador (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="3.44667" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-3.44667">S3.44667</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="79.49051" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-79.49051">W79.49051</geoCoordinate>
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; 2663 m). QCAZ 9643 and 9652, adult females collected by Silvia
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Aldás">Aldas</normalizedToken>
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in August 2009 at El Panecillo, El Oro province, Ecuador (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="3.46753" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-3.46753">S3.46753</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="79.48248" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-79.48248">W79.48248</geoCoordinate>
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; 2775 m). DHMECN 7644-45, adult males collected by Mario
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Yánez-Muñoz">Yanez-Munoz</normalizedToken>
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, Luis Oyagata, Patricia Bejarano, and Marco Altamirano in March 2010 at Reserva
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Biológica">Biologica</normalizedToken>
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Yunguilla, Azuay province, Ecuador (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="3.22684" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-3.22684">S3.22684</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="79.27520" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-79.2752">W79.27520</geoCoordinate>
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; 1748 m). AMNH 18325, adult female collected in July 1920 at El Chiral, El Oro province, Ecuador (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="3.63825" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-3.63825">S3.63825</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="79.59723" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-79.59723">W79.59723</geoCoordinate>
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; 1841 m). AMNH 22110-11, collected in August 1921 at La Chonta, El Oro province, Ecuador (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="3.56585" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-3.56585">S3.56585</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="79.85144" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-79.85144">W79.85144</geoCoordinate>
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; 1025 m).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744148" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Figure 10.</emphasis>
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Photographs of living specimens of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Arteaga & Quezada & Vieira & Guayasamin" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Atractus roulei" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roulei">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Atractus roulei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. michaelsabini" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="michaelsabini">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. michaelsabini</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">a</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. roulei" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="roulei">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. roulei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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ZSFQ 4942 from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Tixán">Tixan</normalizedToken>
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, Chimborazo province, Ecuador
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||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">b</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. roulei" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="roulei">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. roulei</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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ZSFQ 4944 from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tixán">Tixan</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Chimborazo province, Ecuador
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">c</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. roulei" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="roulei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. roulei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ZSFQ 4941 from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tixán">Tixan</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Chimborazo province, Ecuador
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">d</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. roulei" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="roulei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. roulei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ZSFQ 4945 from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tixán">Tixan</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Chimborazo province, Ecuador
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">e</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. roulei" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="roulei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. roulei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tixán">Tixan</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Chimborazo province, Ecuador
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">f</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. michaelsabini" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="michaelsabini">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. michaelsabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. AMARU 002 from Corraleja, Azuay province, Ecuador
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">g</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. michaelsabini" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="michaelsabini">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. michaelsabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. holotype ZSFQ 4938 from Corraleja, Azuay province, Ecuador and
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">h</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. michaelsabini" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="michaelsabini">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. michaelsabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. ZSFQ 4939 from El Panecillo, El Oro province, Ecuador.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Arteaga & Quezada & Vieira & Guayasamin" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Atractus michaelsabini" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="michaelsabini">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Atractus michaelsabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is placed in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Atractus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Atractus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as diagnosed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Savage, JM" journalOrPublisher="University of Michigan" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 184" refId="B76" refString="Savage, JM, 1960. A revision of the Ecuadorian snakes of the Colubrid genus Atractus. Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology. University of Michigan 112: 1 - 184" title="A revision of the Ecuadorian snakes of the Colubrid genus Atractus. Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology." volume="112" year="1960">Savage (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, based on phylogenetic evidence (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Phylogenetic relationships within Atractus inferred using a Bayesian inference and derived from analysis of 3,985 bp of DNA (gene fragments 16 S, CYTB, ND 4, C-MOS, NT 3, and RAG 1). Support values on intra-specific branches are not shown for clarity. Voucher numbers for sequences are indicated for each terminal. Black dots indicate clades with posterior probability values from 95 - 100 %. Grey dots indicate values from 70 - 94 %. White dots indicate values from 50 - 69 % (values <50 % not shown). Colored clades correspond to the species' distribution presented in the map of Fig. 2. New or resurrected species are indicated in bold type." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744139" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">1</figureCitation>
|
||
). The species is diagnosed based on the following combination of characters: (1) 15/15/15 smooth dorsals; (2) one postocular; (3) loreal 3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than high; (4) temporals 1+2; (5) five or six supralabials, with (usually) third and fourth contacting orbit; (6) five or six infralabials, with (usually) first three contacting chinshields; (7) 9-13 maxillary teeth; (8) 1-3 rows of gular scales; (9) 1-3 preventrals; (10) 143-144 ventrals in males and 144-153 in females; (11) 24-31 subcaudals in males and 17-19 in females; (12) dorsal ground color golden yellow (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Adult male holotype of Atractus michaelsabini sp. nov. ZSFQ 4938 in a dorsal and b ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744146" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">8</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Photographs of living specimens of Atractus roulei and A. michaelsabini sp. nov. a A. roulei ZSFQ 4942 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador b A. roulei ZSFQ 4944 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador c A. roulei ZSFQ 4941 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador d A. roulei ZSFQ 4945 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador e A. roulei from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador f A. michaelsabini sp. nov. AMARU 002 from Corraleja, Azuay province, Ecuador g A. michaelsabini sp. nov. holotype ZSFQ 4938 from Corraleja, Azuay province, Ecuador and h A. michaelsabini sp. nov. ZSFQ 4939 from El Panecillo, El Oro province, Ecuador." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744148" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">10f-g</figureCitation>
|
||
) to dark brown (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Photographs of living specimens of Atractus roulei and A. michaelsabini sp. nov. a A. roulei ZSFQ 4942 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador b A. roulei ZSFQ 4944 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador c A. roulei ZSFQ 4941 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador d A. roulei ZSFQ 4945 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador e A. roulei from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador f A. michaelsabini sp. nov. AMARU 002 from Corraleja, Azuay province, Ecuador g A. michaelsabini sp. nov. holotype ZSFQ 4938 from Corraleja, Azuay province, Ecuador and h A. michaelsabini sp. nov. ZSFQ 4939 from El Panecillo, El Oro province, Ecuador." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744148" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">10h</figureCitation>
|
||
) with each scale outlined in black, forming a reticulation; (13) venter yellowish with various degrees of brown stippling (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Adult male holotype of Atractus michaelsabini sp. nov. ZSFQ 4938 in a dorsal and b ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744146" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">8b</figureCitation>
|
||
); (14) 256-321 mm SVL in males and 201-392 mm SVL in females; (15) 35-42 mm TL in males and 21-37 mm TL in females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="comparisons">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Comparisons.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Arteaga & Quezada & Vieira & Guayasamin" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Atractus michaelsabini" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="michaelsabini">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Atractus michaelsabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is compared to other members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. roulei" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="roulei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. roulei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group:
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Parker" authorityYear="1930" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Atractus carrioni" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carrioni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Atractus carrioni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. roulei" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="roulei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. roulei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. From
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. carrioni" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="carrioni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. carrioni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the new species differs in having a loreal scale (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Head of the adult male holotype of Atractus michaelsabini sp. nov. ZSFQ 4938 in a dorsal b ventral c lateral right, and d lateral left view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744147" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">9c</figureCitation>
|
||
) (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. carrioni" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="carrioni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. carrioni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). From
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. roulei" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="roulei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. roulei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Photographs of living specimens of Atractus roulei and A. michaelsabini sp. nov. a A. roulei ZSFQ 4942 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador b A. roulei ZSFQ 4944 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador c A. roulei ZSFQ 4941 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador d A. roulei ZSFQ 4945 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador e A. roulei from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador f A. michaelsabini sp. nov. AMARU 002 from Corraleja, Azuay province, Ecuador g A. michaelsabini sp. nov. holotype ZSFQ 4938 from Corraleja, Azuay province, Ecuador and h A. michaelsabini sp. nov. ZSFQ 4939 from El Panecillo, El Oro province, Ecuador." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744148" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">10a-e</figureCitation>
|
||
), the new species differs in having a dorsal pattern in which each scale is outlined in a thin black line, thus creating a reticulation, and by having the prefrontal scale in broad contact with the postnasal (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Head of the adult male holotype of Atractus michaelsabini sp. nov. ZSFQ 4938 in a dorsal b ventral c lateral right, and d lateral left view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744147" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">9c</figureCitation>
|
||
) (not in contact or barely in contact in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. roulei" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="roulei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. roulei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Furthermore, the existence of the bright golden yellow morph in adult individuals has so far been recorded only in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. michaelsabini" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="michaelsabini">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. michaelsabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.; not in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. roulei" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="roulei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. roulei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, where adults are dark brown dorsally (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Photographs of living specimens of Atractus roulei and A. michaelsabini sp. nov. a A. roulei ZSFQ 4942 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador b A. roulei ZSFQ 4944 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador c A. roulei ZSFQ 4941 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador d A. roulei ZSFQ 4945 from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador e A. roulei from Tixan, Chimborazo province, Ecuador f A. michaelsabini sp. nov. AMARU 002 from Corraleja, Azuay province, Ecuador g A. michaelsabini sp. nov. holotype ZSFQ 4938 from Corraleja, Azuay province, Ecuador and h A. michaelsabini sp. nov. ZSFQ 4939 from El Panecillo, El Oro province, Ecuador." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744148" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">10a-e</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. roulei" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="roulei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. roulei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, there is a black spot at the base of each dorsal scale, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. michaelsabini" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="michaelsabini">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. michaelsabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. the spot is at the tip of each dorsal scale and is connected to the black reticulum. Genetic divergence in a 578 bp long fragment of the mitochondrial CYTB gene between
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. michaelsabini" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="michaelsabini">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. michaelsabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. roulei" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="roulei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. roulei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 6.5-7.2%, whereas intraspecific distances are 0-4.5% in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. michaelsabini" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="michaelsabini">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. michaelsabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. and 0-4.8% in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. roulei" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="roulei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. roulei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Description of holotype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
|
||
Adult male, SVL 256 mm, tail length 39 mm (15.2% SVL); body diameter 7.4 mm; head length 10.7 mm (3.1% SVL); head width 6.4 mm (2.5% SVL); interocular distance 3.7 mm; head slightly distinct from body; snout-orbit distance 3.5 mm; rostral 1.9 mm wide, ca. as broad as high; internasals 1.0 mm wide; prefrontals 2.0 mm wide; frontal 3.0 mm wide, with a curvilinear triangular shape in dorsal view; parietals 2.9 mm wide (65% length); nasal divided; loreal 2.2 mm long, ~ 3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than high; eye diameter 1.4 mm; pupil round; supraoculars 1.3 mm wide; one postocular; temporals 1+2; five supralabials, third contacting orbit; symphysial 1.7 mm wide, ~ 3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as broad as long, separated from chinshields by first pair of infralabials; five infralabials, first three contacting chinshields; chinshields ~ 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as broad, posterior chinshields absent; dorsal scales arranged in 15/15/15 rows, smooth without apical pits; no preventrals; ventrals 143; anal plate single; 31 paired subcaudals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="natural history">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
|
||
Most individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Arteaga & Quezada & Vieira & Guayasamin" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Atractus michaelsabini" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="michaelsabini">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Atractus michaelsabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. have been found during the day hidden under rocks, mats of rotten vegetation, or buried in soft soil in pastures and maize plantations close to remnants of native forest. At night, they have been seen crossing forest trails. At the type locality, clutches of three or four eggs have been found under soil (Jorge Luis Romero, pers. comm.). Anecdotal information suggests that these snakes are more active during the rainy months (February-May at the type locality; Jorge Luis Romero, pers. comm.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Arteaga & Quezada & Vieira & Guayasamin" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Atractus michaelsabini" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="michaelsabini">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Atractus michaelsabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is endemic to an estimated 2,530 km2 area along the Pacific slopes of the Andes in southwestern Ecuador. The species occurs in the xeric inter-Andean valley of the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Jubones as well as on the slopes of the Cordillera de Chilla.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Arteaga & Quezada & Vieira & Guayasamin" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Atractus michaelsabini" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="michaelsabini">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Atractus michaelsabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is known from provinces Azuay, El Oro, and Loja, and has been recorded at elevations between 927 and 2922 a.s.l. (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Distribution of Atractus arangoi, A. roulei, A. michaelsabini sp. nov., A. zgap sp. nov., and A. discovery sp. nov. in Ecuador and adjacent Colombia. White dots represent localities listed under Suppl. material 1. Each colored area is a geographic representation of the suitable environmental conditions for one of the clades recovered in the phylogeny of Fig. 1." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744140" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
|
||
The specific epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Arteaga & Quezada & Vieira & Guayasamin" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Atractus michaelsabini" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="michaelsabini">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Atractus michaelsabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a patronym honoring a young nature lover, Michael Sabin, grandson of American philanthropist and conservationist Andrew
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Andy”">"Andy"</normalizedToken>
|
||
Sabin. The Sabin family is involved in conservation and field research of amphibians and reptiles and has protected over 264,365 acres of critical habitat throughout the world.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
|
||
We consider
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Arteaga & Quezada & Vieira & Guayasamin" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Atractus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Atractus michaelsabini" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="michaelsabini">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Atractus michaelsabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. to be Endangered following the IUCN criteria B1a, b (i, iii) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hijmans, RJ" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Climatology" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" refId="B37" refString="IUCN (2001) IUCN Red List categories and criteria: Version 3.1.IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland and Cambridge, 30 pp." year="2005">IUCN 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), because the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
|
||
extent of occurrence is estimated to be much less than 5,000 km2 (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Distribution of Atractus arangoi, A. roulei, A. michaelsabini sp. nov., A. zgap sp. nov., and A. discovery sp. nov. in Ecuador and adjacent Colombia. White dots represent localities listed under Suppl. material 1. Each colored area is a geographic representation of the suitable environmental conditions for one of the clades recovered in the phylogeny of Fig. 1." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.89539.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744140" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">2</figureCitation>
|
||
) and its habitat is severely fragmented and declining in extent and quality due to deforestation. Although
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. michaelsabini" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="michaelsabini">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. michaelsabini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is present in two protected areas (private reserves Buenaventura and Yunguilla of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fundación">Fundacion</normalizedToken>
|
||
Jocotoco), nine of the 14 localities where the species has been recorded (Suppl. material 1: Table S1) are in heavily human-modified areas. Based on maps of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ecuador’s">Ecuador's</normalizedToken>
|
||
vegetation cover (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Loughlin, NJD" journalOrPublisher="Nature Ecology & Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" refId="B44" refString="MAE (2012) Linea base de deforestacion del Ecuador continental.Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador, Quito, 30 pp." year="2018">MAE 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), we estimate that nearly 70% of the forest cover throughout the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
|
||
potential distribution area has been destroyed, mostly due to the expansion of the agricultural frontier.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |