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<document id="6CA1C3E9DE72A0013F0D62CE2680F44F" ID-CLB-Dataset="21272" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2015.1091106" ID-GBIF-Dataset="05d1bac2-fe53-42ba-a04d-bc4828adaf4e" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3990100" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1597771971732" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Liseki, Steven D. &amp; Vane-Wright, Richard I." docDate="2015" docId="03E687FCFFBAFF99494EFF6EFEC4FB9A" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.50.13-14.865-904.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 50" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2015.1091106" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62.3:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Charaxes (Charaxes) pollux subsp. maua van Someren 1967" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="891" masterDocId="FFDFFF84FFA0FF834804FFE3FFBEFFB1" masterDocTitle="Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: Nymphalidae subfamilies Libytheinae, Danainae, Satyrinae and Charaxinae" masterLastPageNumber="904" masterPageNumber="865" pageNumber="891" updateTime="1698844713879" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="646EB107B6A3F024523A453A6585E8CF">Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: Nymphalidae subfamilies Libytheinae, Danainae, Satyrinae and Charaxinae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="17F8C9EEDFA09A940402E93E8FFA02D2" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="B4AA7E12C2E1076BF0B4A1E57FA2040A">Liseki, Steven D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D9195CBB5BE0DBCED1B5A7EB3468275E">Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, Arusha, Tanzania; &amp; Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="79524B72A15B41987B12373B5DA2C744">Vane-Wright, Richard I.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="248176DC826B169E259196F0A77E1BBE">Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK; &amp; Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK; &amp; School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="FDB92597BEFDD7C350625C7CCA397DF6">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="7CBE54501E042A27F631B80A722C56F3">50</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03E687FCFFBAFF99494EFF6EFEC4FB9A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4339112" ID-GBIF-Taxon="167186702" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4339112" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E687FCFFBAFF99494EFF6EFEC4FB9A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E687FCFFBAFF99494EFF6EFEC4FB9A" lastPageNumber="891" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">
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<paragraph id="8BF036EAFFBAFF99494EFF6EFC67FF17" blockId="26.[330,985,141,166]" box="[330,985,141,166]" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">
<heading id="D0B88186FFBAFF99494EFF6EFC67FF17" box="[330,985,141,166]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="891" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D69FFBAFF99494EFF6EFC67FF17" authority="van Someren, 1967" authorityName="van Someren" authorityYear="1967" box="[330,985,141,166]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Charaxes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="891" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pollux" subGenus="Charaxes" subSpecies="maua">
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFBAFF99494EFF6EFD55FF17" bold="true" box="[330,747,141,166]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="891" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFBAFF99494EFF6EFE05FF17" bold="true" box="[330,443,141,166]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">Charaxes</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFBAFF9949C9FF6EFD80FF17" bold="true" box="[461,574,141,166]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">Charaxes</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFBAFF994A54FF6EFD55FF17" bold="true" box="[592,747,141,166]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">pollux maua</emphasis>
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFBAFF994AF0FF6EFC67FF17" author="van Someren VGL" box="[756,985,141,166]" pageId="26" pageNumber="891" pagination="277 - 316" refId="ref24058" refString="van Someren VGL. 1967. Revisional notes on African Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part IV. Bull Br Mus (Nat Hist) Entomol. 18: 277 - 316, 9 pls." type="book chapter" year="1967">van Someren, 1967</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF036EAFFBAFF9948A4FF21FD29FF6B" blockId="26.[160,1155,194,322]" box="[160,663,194,218]" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFBAFF9948A4FF21FEC9FF6B" author="Henning SF" box="[160,375,194,218]" pageId="26" pageNumber="891" refId="ref22224" refString="Henning SF. 1989. The Charaxinae Butterflies of Africa. Johannesburg: Aloe." type="book" year="1989">Henning 1989: 116</bibRefCitation>
(4 figs). SI: Figure 25e
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFBAFF994A72FF21FD3DFF6B" box="[630,643,194,218]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="891"></emphasis>
h.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3556561FFBAFF9948A4FF06FEC4FB9A" pageId="26" pageNumber="891" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF036EAFFBAFF9948A4FF06FD23FEF3" blockId="26.[160,1155,194,322]" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">
Forewing length: male
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38
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44 mm
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[mean (
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFBAFF994AA3FF06FD0BFF4C" box="[679,693,229,253]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">n</emphasis>
= 3)
<quantity id="4CB79B0FFFBAFF994B03FF06FC3FFF4C" box="[775,897,229,253]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.08" pageId="26" pageNumber="891" unit="mm" value="40.8">40.80 mm</quantity>
, SD = 1.967]; female
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43
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48.5 mm
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[mean (
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFBAFF9949BDFEEBFE79FE91" box="[441,455,264,288]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">n</emphasis>
= 7)
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, SD = 1.390].
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFBAFF994B3EFEEBFBA1FE91" author="van Someren VGL" box="[826,1055,264,288]" pageId="26" pageNumber="891" pagination="277 - 316" refId="ref24058" refString="van Someren VGL. 1967. Revisional notes on African Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part IV. Bull Br Mus (Nat Hist) Entomol. 18: 277 - 316, 9 pls." type="book chapter" year="1967">van Someren (1967</bibRefCitation>
, p. 316) gave male forewing length as
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39
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40 mm
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF036EAFFBAFF9948A4FEBEFDC6FE6C" blockId="26.[160,1155,349,477]" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">
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<collectorName id="26BA533CFFBAFF9948A4FEBEFF67FEC4" box="[160,217,349,373]" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">Note</collectorName>
:
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from
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and
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have the median bands relatively narrow and the basal area darker; specimens from
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are paler than those from
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(
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, p. 108)
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. The
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material of
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFBAFF994B38FE41FCCEFE0B" box="[828,880,418,442]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">C. p.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B273CB7FFBAFF994B7FFE41FDCAFE6C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2832026336" country="United Kingdom" location="Suffolk" pageId="26" pageNumber="891" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Suffolk">
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFBAFF994B7FFE41FC04FE0B" box="[891,954,418,442]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">maua</emphasis>
is supposedly in the Iain Grahame Collection (
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,
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)
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.
</paragraph>
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<heading id="D0B88186FFBAFF9948A4FDEAFF42FD92" box="[160,252,521,547]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="891" reason="5">
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFBAFF9948A4FDEAFF42FD92" bold="true" box="[160,252,521,547]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="891" reason="3">Records</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF036EAFFBAFF9948A4FDCDFEC4FB9A" blockId="26.[160,1156,521,1067]" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">
The
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locality is
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western foothills, Mt
<collectingRegion id="498BF808FFBAFF994A6EFDCDFD55FDF7" box="[618,747,558,582]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
, Maua
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFBAFF994B36FDCDFC89FDF7" box="[818,823,558,582]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="891"></emphasis>
. Occurs in highland forest on Mt
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, Mt Meru, Mt Oldeani, Ngorongoro Crater, Mbulu Forests and Mt Kwaraha, at
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1700
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2400 m
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(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFBAFF9949E7FD90FD3FFD3A" author="Kielland J" box="[483,641,627,651]" pageId="26" pageNumber="891" refId="ref22372" refString="Kielland J. 1990. Butterflies of Tanzania. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1990">Kielland 1990</bibRefCitation>
, p. 108).
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFBAFF994AF2FD90FC1CFD3A" author="Cordeiro NJ" box="[758,930,627,651]" pageId="26" pageNumber="891" pagination="25 - 41" refId="ref21863" refString="Cordeiro NJ. 1990. A provisional, annotated checklist of the butterflies in Lake Manyara National Park, Arusha region, Tanzania. J East Afr Nat Hist Soc Natl Mus. 80: 25 - 41." type="journal article" year="1990">Cordeiro (1990</bibRefCitation>
, p. 34) recorded it from Lake
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National Park. This apparently endemic Tanzanian
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D69FFBAFF994BB9FD75FBA1FD1F" box="[957,1055,662,686]" pageId="26" pageNumber="891" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="was">race was</taxonomicName>
encountered by
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFBAFF994903FD5AFE2AFD60" author="Liseki SD" box="[263,404,697,721]" pageId="26" pageNumber="891" refId="ref22668" refString="Liseki SD 2009. Butterfly diversity and its relevance to conservation in north-eastern Tanzania [PhD thesis]. Canterbury (UK): University of Kent." type="book" year="2009">Liseki (2009)</bibRefCitation>
, who found it at
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in
<date id="FFF1102AFFBAFF994AD1FD5AFCE5FD60" box="[725,859,697,721]" pageId="26" pageNumber="891" value="2001-03">March 2001</date>
. OUMNH has two females from the slopes of
<collectingRegion id="498BF808FFBAFF99498CFD38FDB7FD42" box="[392,521,731,755]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
, collected
<date id="FFF1102AFFBAFF994A8DFD38FCFCFD42" box="[649,834,731,755]" pageId="26" pageNumber="891" value="1905-12">December 1905</date>
, ex Rogers. The BMNH has specimens labelled
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,
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, West
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Engare-Nairobi
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4
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5000 ft
</quantity>
, Moshi
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, and
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NW of Moshi, while
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFBAFF994AE7FCC2FC78FC88" author="van Someren VGL" box="[739,966,801,825]" pageId="26" pageNumber="891" pagination="277 - 316" refId="ref24058" refString="van Someren VGL. 1967. Revisional notes on African Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part IV. Bull Br Mus (Nat Hist) Entomol. 18: 277 - 316, 9 pls." type="book chapter" year="1967">van Someren (1967</bibRefCitation>
, p. 316), noting long series obtained, lists
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFBAFF9949CEFCA0FE6EFCEA" box="[458,464,835,859]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="891"></emphasis>
Lyamungu Moshi, Marangu
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFBAFF994B02FCA0FC9CFCEA" box="[774,802,835,859]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="891"> </emphasis>
all of which suggests that this butterfly also occurs at altitudes below
<quantity id="4CB79B0FFFBAFF994A6AFC85FD79FCCF" box="[622,711,870,894]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="26" pageNumber="891" unit="m" value="1700.0">1700 m</quantity>
. Three other named races of
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D69FFBAFF994C27FC85FEF4FC10" authority="(Cramer, 1775)" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1775" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Charaxes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="891" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pollux">
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFBAFF994C27FC85FB3DFCCF" box="[1059,1155,870,894]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">C. pollux</emphasis>
(Cramer, 1775)
</taxonomicName>
occur in
<collectingCountry id="F358767AFFBAFF9949C7FC6AFD97FC10" box="[451,553,905,929]" name="Tanzania" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
. The collective species, now with a total of seven recognized subspecies (
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFBAFF9949B6FC48FDA1FC72" box="[434,543,939,963]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">C. p. mira</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFBAFF994A2DFC48FD03FC72" author="Ackery PR &amp; Smith CR &amp; Vane-Wright RI" box="[553,701,939,963]" pageId="26" pageNumber="891" refId="ref20969" refString="Ackery PR, Smith CR, Vane-Wright RI, editors. 1995. Carcasson ' s African Butterflies: an annotated catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region. East Melbourne: CSIRO." type="book" year="1995">Ackery, 1995</bibRefCitation>
, being a replacement for
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFBAFF994BEFFC48FB3DFC72" box="[1003,1155,939,963]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">C. p. mirabilis</emphasis>
Turlin, 1989, preoccupied), is widespread across the centre of Africa, in an area delimited by Bioko and
<collectingCountry id="F358767AFFBAFF994944FC12FE31FBB8" box="[320,399,1009,1033]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">Guinea</collectingCountry>
to southern
<collectingCountry id="F358767AFFBAFF994A22FC12FDD1FBB8" box="[550,623,1009,1033]" name="Sudan" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">Sudan</collectingCountry>
, and northern
<collectingCountry id="F358767AFFBAFF994B1FFC12FCD5FBB8" box="[795,875,1009,1033]" name="Angola" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">Angola</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="F358767AFFBAFF994B90FC12FB99FBB8" box="[916,1063,1009,1033]" name="Mozambique" pageId="26" pageNumber="891">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFBAFF994C32FC12FEA6FB9A" author="Ackery PR &amp; Smith CR &amp; Vane-Wright RI" pageId="26" pageNumber="891" refId="ref20969" refString="Ackery PR, Smith CR, Vane-Wright RI, editors. 1995. Carcasson ' s African Butterflies: an annotated catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region. East Melbourne: CSIRO." type="book" year="1995">Ackery et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
, p. 455).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>