treatments-xml/data/03/9B/4C/039B4C3C2E04FF8FFF42FDC1E292FB0B.xml
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<document id="E6B0CDA4F7596FFD4CEC2C6801D33A76" ID-CLB-Dataset="270787" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="503ff6a9-9260-469d-af97-456e103cbfae" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-ZooBank="23B4C9BF-A1A4-4D27-8C30-E4A23DAD01AB" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1695987895977" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil &amp; Eagderi, Soheil" docDate="2023" docId="039B4C3C2E04FF8FFF42FDC1E292FB0B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5350.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5350 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5350.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Garra variabilis" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="FFA234442E0BFF80FFD5FFE2E357FFCE" masterDocTitle="Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023" masterLastPageNumber="62" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="16" updateTime="1699692675315" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="FF0D91CC952E610162C991298441F2A6">Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="125A6FEB04ED75EF9546B3F17DBCDFF3">Saad, Adib</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0DA1361D5CC5217977B9124D0F842E9C">Al Andalus University, Kadmus, Tartus, Syria / Syrian Society for Aquatic Environment Protection, Lattakia, Syria. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6393 - 2836</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9ED9D739B3DCE173B142CF9F7477C969">Çiçek, Erdoğan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6354CF3D079CC68125AC98E122EBC280">Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Nevþehir Hacý BektaþVeli University, Nevþehir, T ¸ rkiye.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5E0CD4D0DC2629F8EAEE861D6B912E25">Esmaeili, Hamid Reza</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E123D980F75A567BABD8620388B1D028">Ichthyology and Molecular Systematics Research Laboratory, Zoology Section, Department of Biology, School of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9736 - 397 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0F1751D885D4CAC14B4192914F38CA7F">Fricke, Ronald</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C96B9CADB1E6D905228E747919675F0F">Staatliches Museum f ¸ r Naturkunde in Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1476 - 6990</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FE85D7D8C956E18F0FABFF59B6435FB1">Sungur, Sevil</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1024B36D58C1F2C83C586E8D34857E41">Health Services Vocational School, Nevþehir Hacý BektaþVeli University, Nevþehir, T ¸ rkiye. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4018 - 6375</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="016CE8F93D2AAD9BCEEDCEC28F4DA0C3">Al Andalus University, Kadmus, Tartus, Syria / Syrian Society for Aquatic Environment Protection, Lattakia, Syria. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6393 - 2836 &amp; Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1134 - 0356 * Corresponding author: erdogancicek 50 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5334 - 5737 &amp; Al Andalus University, Kadmus, Tartus, Syria / Syrian Society for Aquatic Environment Protection, Lattakia, Syria. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6393 - 2836</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="039B4C3C2E04FF8FFF42FDC1E292FB0B" ID-GBIF-Taxon="213683866" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B4C3C2E04FF8FFF42FDC1E292FB0B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B4C3C2E04FF8FFF42FDC1E292FB0B" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<subSubSection id="C328AEA12E04FF8FFF42FDC1E0CBFDF3" box="[151,924,546,573]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8DFD2A2E04FF8FFF42FDC1E0CBFDF3" blockId="15.[151,1437,546,1221]" box="[151,924,546,573]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<heading id="D0C54A462E04FF8FFF42FDC1E0CBFDF3" box="[151,924,546,573]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C3286A92E04FF8FFF42FDC1E155FDF2" ID-CoL="6JYGP" ID-ENA="137060" authority="(Heckel, 1843)" baseAuthorityName="Heckel" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[151,514,546,573]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B94621382E04FF8FFF42FDC1E155FDF2" bold="true" box="[151,514,546,573]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B94621382E04FF8FFF42FDC1E218FDF3" bold="true" box="[151,335,546,573]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Garra variabilis</emphasis>
(Heckel, 1843)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[N]—Variable garra; Lahhas alhajar
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C328AEA12E04FF8FFF42FDA5E143FD03" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8DFD2A2E04FF8FFF42FDA5E143FD03" blockId="15.[151,1437,546,1221]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B94621382E04FF8FFF42FDA5E24DFDAF" bold="true" box="[151,282,583,609]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
Original description:
<taxonomicName id="4C3286A92E04FF8FFDC3FDA5E74EFDAF" ID-CoL="36TPR" authority="Heckel, 1843 a: 1069" authorityName="Heckel, 1843 a:" authorityPageNumber="1069" authorityYear="1069" box="[534,1049,583,609]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Discognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B94621382E04FF8FFDC3FDA5E074FDAF" box="[534,803,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Discognathus variabilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA380DB2E04FF8FFCF9FDA5E74EFDAF" author="Heckel, J. J." box="[812,1049,583,609]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="991 - 1099" refId="ref55160" refString="Heckel, J. J. (1843 a) Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In: von Russegger, J., Reisen in Europa, Asien und Afrika, mit besonderer R ¸ cksicht auf die naturwissenschaftlichen Verhaltnisse der betreffenden Lander unternommen in den Jahren 1835 bis 1841, etc. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagshandlung. Stuttgart. Ichthyologie [von Syrien], 1 (pt 2), pp. 991 - 1099." type="journal article" year="1843">Heckel, 1843a: 1069</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[79] [
<collectingRegion id="49F633C82E04FF8FFB8AFDA5E7E0FDAF" box="[1119,1207,583,609]" country="Syria" name="Halab" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Aleppo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F325BDBA2E04FF8FFB11FDA5E654FDAF" box="[1220,1283,583,609]" name="Syria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Syria</collectingCountry>
; Mosul,
<collectingCountry id="F325BDBA2E04FF8FFAB2FDA5E6CFFDAF" box="[1383,1432,583,609]" name="Iraq" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Iraq</collectingCountry>
;
<typeStatus id="548943882E04FF8FFF36FD89E21EFD4B" box="[227,329,619,645]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
: NMW 53238-40 (3, 8, ca. 10), 53260-69 (1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2), 53272 (4); SMF 403 (4); ZMB 3301 (3)].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: None.—Illustrations:
<bibRefCitation id="EFA380DB2E04FF8FFB88FD6DE650FD67" author="Heckel, J. J." box="[1117,1287,655,681]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="991 - 1044" refId="ref55239" refString="Heckel, J. J. (1843 b) Abbildungen und Beschreibungen der Fische Syriens, nebst einer neuen Classification und Characteristik sammtlicher Gattungen der Cyprinen In: Fenzl, E., Heckel, J. J. &amp; Redtenbenher, L. (Eds.), Abbildungen und Beschreibungen neuer und seletner Thiere und Pflanzen in Syrien und im westlichen Taurus gesammelt von Th. Kotschy. 1 (2). E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart, pp. 991 - 1044, pls. 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14055" type="book chapter" year="1843">Heckel (1843b</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 8, fig. 1) as
<taxonomicName id="4C3286A92E04FF8FFED4FD51E15AFD03" ID-CoL="36TPR" authorityName="Heckel, 1843 a:" authorityYear="1069" box="[257,525,691,717]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Discognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B94621382E04FF8FFED4FD51E15AFD03" box="[257,525,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Discognathus variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328AEA12E04FF8FFF42FD34E226FCF7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8DFD2A2E04FF8FFF42FD34E226FCF7" blockId="15.[151,1437,546,1221]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B94621382E04FF8FFF42FD34E218FD3E" bold="true" box="[151,335,726,752]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Status in
<collectingCountry id="F325BDBA2E04FF8FFEDDFD34E21DFD3E" box="[264,330,726,752]" name="Syria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Syria</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
Recorded from Syria in original description by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA380DB2E04FF8FFCB9FD35E735FD3F" author="Heckel, J. J." box="[876,1122,727,753]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="991 - 1099" refId="ref55160" refString="Heckel, J. J. (1843 a) Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In: von Russegger, J., Reisen in Europa, Asien und Afrika, mit besonderer R ¸ cksicht auf die naturwissenschaftlichen Verhaltnisse der betreffenden Lander unternommen in den Jahren 1835 bis 1841, etc. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagshandlung. Stuttgart. Ichthyologie [von Syrien], 1 (pt 2), pp. 991 - 1099." type="journal article" year="1843">Heckel (1843a: 1070)</bibRefCitation>
as
<taxonomicName id="4C3286A92E04FF8FFB5DFD35E6C3FD3F" authorityName="Heckel, 1843 a:" authorityYear="1069" box="[1160,1428,727,753]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Discognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B94621382E04FF8FFB5DFD35E6C3FD3F" box="[1160,1428,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Discognathus variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; subsequently reported by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA380DB2E04FF8FFE21FD19E1EAFCDB" author="Saad, A. &amp; Khalaf, G. &amp; Alzein, G. &amp; Abdellatif, A. &amp; Sabour, W. &amp; Alhawi, I. &amp; Hammoud, N." box="[500,701,763,789]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref58691" refString="Saad, A., Khalaf, G., Alzein, G., Abdellatif, A., Sabour, W., Alhawi, I. &amp; Hammoud, N. (2009) An updated check list of Fish in the Orontes River Basin within Syria and Lebanon. Final report of the joint Lebanese-Syrian scientific research project, Contract No. 119 of 2006. s. n., s. l., 62 pp. [in Arabic with an English summary]" type="book" year="2009">
Saad
<emphasis id="B94621382E04FF8FFDE7FD19E13BFCDB" box="[562,620,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
(2009)
</bibRefCitation>
.—Syrian material: BMNH, MCZ, MNHN, NMW, SMF, SMNS, ZMUC, MSL.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328AEA12E04FF8FFF42FCA0E753FBFB" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8DFD2A2E04FF8FFF42FCA0E116FBDF" blockId="15.[151,1437,546,1221]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B94621382E04FF8FFF42FCA0E29DFC92" bold="true" box="[151,458,834,861]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
Distribution in
<collectingCountry id="F325BDBA2E04FF8FFD5DFCA1E190FC93" box="[648,711,835,861]" name="Syria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Syria</collectingCountry>
: Tigris River basin.—Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh &amp; Khabour, 2-Euphrates &amp;
<collectingRegion id="49F633C82E04FF8FFE23FC85E11CFC4F" box="[502,587,871,897]" country="Syria" name="Halab" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Aleppo</collectingRegion>
, 4-Orontes.—General distribution:
<collectingCountry id="F325BDBA2E04FF8FFC07FC85E706FC4F" box="[978,1105,871,897]" name="Turkey" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Asia Minor</collectingCountry>
and Middle East: Tigris River basin (
<collectingCountry id="F325BDBA2E04FF8FFEFAFC69E2D5FC6B" box="[303,386,907,933]" name="Turkey" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Turkey</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F325BDBA2E04FF8FFE5AFC69E29AFC6B" box="[399,461,907,933]" name="Syria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Syria</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="F325BDBA2E04FF8FFDD9FC69E16DFC6B" box="[524,570,907,933]" name="Iraq" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Iraq</collectingCountry>
).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 437-Orontes, 441-Lower Tigris &amp; Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris &amp; Euphrates.—Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of standing and slowly flowing waters such as rivers, springs, marshes, and streams. It seems to be quite tolerant of pollution and also inhabits reservoirs. Freshwater.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8DFD2A2E04FF8FFF42FBF8E753FBFB" blockId="15.[151,1437,546,1221]" box="[151,1028,1050,1077]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B94621382E04FF8FFF42FBF8E2F3FBFA" bold="true" box="[151,420,1050,1076]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Economic importance.</emphasis>
Locally consumed, but of no commercial importance.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328AEA12E04FF8FFF42FBDCE292FB0B" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8B8DFD2A2E04FF8FFF42FBDCE292FB0B" blockId="15.[151,1437,546,1221]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B94621382E04FF8FFF42FBDCE268FB96" bold="true" box="[151,319,1086,1112]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Conservation.</emphasis>
Conservation status in
<collectingCountry id="F325BDBA2E04FF8FFD8DFBDDE1C0FB97" box="[600,663,1087,1113]" name="Syria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Syria</collectingCountry>
: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA380DB2E04FF8FFC13FBDDE705FB97" author="IUCN" box="[966,1106,1087,1113]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref55612" refString="IUCN (2023) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022 - 2. Available from: https: // www. iucnredlist. org / (accessed date 12 July 2023)" type="url" year="2023">IUCN 2023</bibRefCitation>
).—Threats: There are many threats in the area, but none seems to be serious enough to really impact this species.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—Low priority for conservation action.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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