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<document id="A84B41A17158FAA2504C82CDB2BF083B" ID-CLB-Dataset="24022" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2019.1655106" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c54a2573-abdd-42a7-aec3-4d657e4d8661" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3670114" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1581941080086" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="O, Kyle A., Connell, Aryal, Prakash C., Sherchan, Adarsh M., Dhakal, Bimala, Chaudhary, Hemanta Kumari, Ranabhat, Rishi &amp; Karmacharya, Dibesh" docDate="2019" docId="31704740E73DFFA80C637479FDA8E778" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.53.2324.14211437.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 53 (23)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73.9:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Fejervarya syhadrensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="1427" masterDocId="CD493F38E73AFFAF0E627655FF82E33E" masterDocTitle="A herpetological survey of the Kathmandu Valleyı Nepalı and phylogenetic identification of Megophrys (Xenophrys) zhangi" masterLastPageNumber="1437" masterPageNumber="1421" pageNumber="1427" updateTime="1698783541801" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="476E7D0789A7E9457C21822B1C378B25">A herpetological survey of the Kathmandu Valleyı Nepalı and phylogenetic identification of Megophrys (Xenophrys) zhangi</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8A8E454A02BDCAAD9DE93683F578B470">Aryal, Prakash C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="597A5C34884554A02643B4F6096DCB6A">Sherchan, Adarsh M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4D98F282E80D65A23F5D9EA5B7771A80">Dhakal, Bimala</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="31704740E73DFFA80C637479FDA8E778" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3671162" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162267033" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3671162" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:31704740E73DFFA80C637479FDA8E778" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/31704740E73DFFA80C637479FDA8E778" lastPageNumber="1427" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427">
<subSubSection id="F1C3A5DDE73DFFA80C637479FCBFE156" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B966F656E73DFFA80C637479FCBFE156" blockId="7.[486,829,556,616]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427">
<heading id="E22E413AE73DFFA80C637479FC80E17B" box="[513,770,556,581]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427">
<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E73DFFA80C637479FC80E17B" ID-CoL="3DXF6" baseAuthorityName="Annandale" baseAuthorityYear="1919" box="[513,770,556,581]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="syhadrensis">
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E73DFFA80C637479FC80E17B" box="[513,770,556,581]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427">Fejervarya syhadrensis</emphasis>
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<figureCitation id="21E2EAD3E73DFFA80F84741AFDD1E156" box="[486,595,591,616]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[160,225,1557,1580]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,691,1526]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[163,1153,690,1526]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Map showing distributions of species surveyed in the Kathmandu Valley: circles = amphibians, squares = reptiles. Colours are defined as follows, amphibians: dark blue = Duttaphrynus melanostictus, purple = Nanorana liebigii, yellow = Fejervarya syhadrensis, light green = Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, dark green = Euphlyctis cyanophylyctis, orange = Megophrys (Xenophrys) zhangi, red = Microhyla ornata. Reptiles: light purple = Calotes versicolor, light blue = Hemidactylus platyurus, dark blue = Hemidactylus frenatus, dark purple = Herpetoreas platyceps." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3670116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3670116/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427">Figures 1</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="21E2EAD3E73DFFA80CF1741AFD20E156" box="[659,674,591,616]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[160,225,998,1021]" captionTargetBox="[354,962,142,966]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[354,962,142,966]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Additional amphibian species observed during this survey. (a) Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, (b) Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, (c) Euphlyctis cyanophylyctis, (d) male Megophrys zhangi, (e) female (left) and male (right) of Megophrys zhangi, (f) tadpole of Megophrys zhangi, (g) male Megophrys zhangi calling on artificial substrate near water feature, (h) Microhyla ornata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3670120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3670120/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427">3</figureCitation>
(f
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E73DFFA80CD3741BFD3DE159" box="[689,703,590,615]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427"></emphasis>
h);
<tableCitation id="F45BC3EDE73DFFA80C84741AFCBFE156" box="[742,829,591,616]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="4.[160,216,142,165]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 2. Counts and locality information for all species encountered during this survey of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/EDA6A6DEE73EFFAB0EC276DBFE20E3FC" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427" tableUuid="EDA6A6DEE73EFFAB0EC276DBFE20E3FC">Table 2</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B966F656E73DFFA80EC274D1FD46E1A2" blockId="7.[160,708,643,668]" box="[160,708,643,668]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427">
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E73DFFA80EC274D1FE07E1A2" box="[160,389,644,668]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427">specimens examined</emphasis>
:
<collectionCode id="DFC86E93E73DFFA80FF174D1FE76E1A2" box="[403,500,644,668]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427">CMDN-A</collectionCode>
17, 61, 68
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E73DFFA80C0974D6FDFAE1A5" box="[619,632,643,667]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427"></emphasis>
70, 82.
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<subSubSection id="F1C3A5DDE73DFFA80EC274E4FDA8E778" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="B966F656E73DFFA80EC274E4FDA8E778" blockId="7.[160,1156,689,1094]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427">
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E73DFFA80EC274E4FE65E1F7" box="[160,487,689,713]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427">Distribution in the KTM Valley</emphasis>
: Encountered at Godawari, Nagarkot, and Lalitpur.
<bibRefCitation id="DD488BA7E73DFFA80A4D74E4FEA9E1D2" author="Pokhrel GK &amp; Aryal PC &amp; Shah KB &amp; Rjal B &amp; Suwal MK &amp; Kharel SC &amp; Paudel E &amp; Dhamala MK" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427" pagination="358 - 365" refId="ref7688" refString="Pokhrel GK, Aryal PC, Shah KB, Rjal B, Suwal MK, Kharel SC, Paudel E, Dhamala MK. 2011. Herpetofaunal diversity of nagarjun forest. Nepal J Sci and Tech. 12: 358 - 365. doi: 10.3126 / njst. v 12 i 0.6524" type="journal article" year="2011">Pokhrel et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="DD488BA7E73DFFA80F097481FDBBE1D2" author="Aryal PC &amp; Kharel SC &amp; Bhurtel BP &amp; Paudel EN &amp; Dhamala MK &amp; Rijal B &amp; Thapa A" box="[363,569,724,748]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427" pagination="1 - 3" refId="ref6442" refString="Aryal PC, Kharel SC, Bhurtel BP, Paudel EN, Dhamala MK, Rijal B, Thapa A. 2013. An amphibian survey in Kathmandu Valley. Nepal. Biodiv. Cons. Efforts Nepal. 3: 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="2013">Aryal et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
reported this species from the whole KTM Valley, suggesting that it is widely distributed.
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E73DFFA80C0974A3FD45E030" box="[619,711,758,782]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427">Remarks</emphasis>
: We encountered this species at three disturbed or urban localities, which is commonly the habitat used by species of this genus (
<bibRefCitation id="DD488BA7E73DFFA80E907569FE17E06A" author="Grosjean S" box="[242,405,828,852]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427" pagination="117 - 141" refId="ref6948" refString="Grosjean S. 2011. Description of the advertisement calls of nine species of Fejervarya Bolkay, 1915 and Minervarya Dubois, Ohler and Biju, 2001 from China, India and Nepal. Alytes. 27: 117 - 141." type="journal article" year="2011">Grosjean 2011</bibRefCitation>
). The first locality was in a livestock pasture, where large numbers of large-bodied larvae were present (
<figureCitation id="21E2EAD3E73DFFA80C2D750BFD38E048" box="[591,698,862,886]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[160,225,995,1018]" captionTargetBox="[355,962,143,963]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[354,962,142,963]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Amphibian species observed during this survey. (a) Duttaphrynus melanostictus, (b) Nanorana liebigii, (c) Nanorana liebigii, (d) ventral view of Nanorana liebigii demonstrating lack of pectoral or finger spines, (e) tadpole of Nanorana liebigii, (f) tadpole of Fejervarya syhadrensis, (g) Fejervarya syhadrensis, (h) Fejervarya syhadrensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3670118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3670118/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427">Figures 2</figureCitation>
(f) and 4(d)). At the second locality one adult was observed in grass near a large wetland in an urban area (
<figureCitation id="21E2EAD3E73DFFA80DC975D4FB8BE0A7" box="[939,1033,897,921]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[160,225,995,1018]" captionTargetBox="[355,962,143,963]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[354,962,142,963]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Amphibian species observed during this survey. (a) Duttaphrynus melanostictus, (b) Nanorana liebigii, (c) Nanorana liebigii, (d) ventral view of Nanorana liebigii demonstrating lack of pectoral or finger spines, (e) tadpole of Nanorana liebigii, (f) tadpole of Fejervarya syhadrensis, (g) Fejervarya syhadrensis, (h) Fejervarya syhadrensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3670118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3670118/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(g)). At the third locality an adult was observed in thick grass near a large pond (
<figureCitation id="21E2EAD3E73DFFA80DD975F1FB9AE082" box="[955,1048,932,956]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[160,225,1557,1580]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,691,1526]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[163,1153,690,1526]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Map showing distributions of species surveyed in the Kathmandu Valley: circles = amphibians, squares = reptiles. Colours are defined as follows, amphibians: dark blue = Duttaphrynus melanostictus, purple = Nanorana liebigii, yellow = Fejervarya syhadrensis, light green = Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, dark green = Euphlyctis cyanophylyctis, orange = Megophrys (Xenophrys) zhangi, red = Microhyla ornata. Reptiles: light purple = Calotes versicolor, light blue = Hemidactylus platyurus, dark blue = Hemidactylus frenatus, dark purple = Herpetoreas platyceps." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3670116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3670116/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427">Figure 1</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="21E2EAD3E73DFFA80A4475F1FB01E082" box="[1062,1155,932,956]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[160,225,995,1018]" captionTargetBox="[355,962,143,963]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[354,962,142,963]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Amphibian species observed during this survey. (a) Duttaphrynus melanostictus, (b) Nanorana liebigii, (c) Nanorana liebigii, (d) ventral view of Nanorana liebigii demonstrating lack of pectoral or finger spines, (e) tadpole of Nanorana liebigii, (f) tadpole of Fejervarya syhadrensis, (g) Fejervarya syhadrensis, (h) Fejervarya syhadrensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3670118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3670118/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(h)). Although past authors (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="DD488BA7E73DFFA80C4E7593FD3DE0E0" author="Anders C" box="[556,703,966,990]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427" pagination="133 - 340" refId="ref6394" refString="Anders C. 2002. Class Amphibia (amphibians). In: Schleich HH, Kastle W, editors. Amphibians and reptiles of Nepal. Ruggell: A. R. G. Gantner Verlag K. G.; p. 133 - 340." type="book chapter" year="2002">Anders 2002</bibRefCitation>
) classified all
<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E73DFFA80D0F7593FC5EE0E0" authorityName="Bolkay" authorityYear="1915" box="[877,988,966,990]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E73DFFA80D0F7593FC5EE0E0" box="[877,988,966,990]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427">Fejervarya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from KTM as
<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E73DFFA80EC275BCFEBEE73F" baseAuthorityName="Annandale" baseAuthorityYear="1919" box="[160,316,1001,1025]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="syhadrensis">
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E73DFFA80EC275BCFEBEE73F" box="[160,316,1001,1025]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427">F. syhadrensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, sympatry and cryptic species in this genus are common, and further molecular work would help to confirm the species identity of all
<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E73DFFA80DD67259FBA1E71A" authorityName="Bolkay" authorityYear="1915" box="[948,1059,1036,1060]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E73DFFA80DD67259FBA1E71A" box="[948,1059,1036,1060]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427">Fejervarya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in KTM (
<bibRefCitation id="DD488BA7E73DFFA80EC4727BFEEFE778" author="Kotaki M &amp; Kurabayashi A &amp; Matsui M &amp; Kuramoto M &amp; Djong TH &amp; Sumida M" box="[166,365,1070,1094]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427" pagination="386 - 395" refId="ref7262" refString="Kotaki M, Kurabayashi A, Matsui M, Kuramoto M, Djong TH, Sumida M. 2009. Molecular phylogeny of the diversified frogs of genus Fejervarya (Anura: Dicroglossidae). Zool Sc. 27: 386 - 395. doi: 10.2108 / zsj. 27.386" type="journal article" year="2009">Kotaki et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="DD488BA7E73DFFA80F19727BFD9CE778" author="Grosjean S" box="[379,542,1070,1094]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1427" pagination="117 - 141" refId="ref6948" refString="Grosjean S. 2011. Description of the advertisement calls of nine species of Fejervarya Bolkay, 1915 and Minervarya Dubois, Ohler and Biju, 2001 from China, India and Nepal. Alytes. 27: 117 - 141." type="journal article" year="2011">Grosjean 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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