460 lines
71 KiB
XML
460 lines
71 KiB
XML
<document id="B4B89C9911016705EEDB803F65375C86" ID-CLB-Dataset="26938" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4590.5.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="162fd3ef-01e7-42aa-aec3-2119d32eaead" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2656452" ID-ZooBank="E79C2423-14BA-44E5-A9C4-F5402B7E6CA7" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1556715210956" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Flórez-V, Camilo" docDate="2019" docId="775E87C1B6554F22FF25FE7B5DDDFD76" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4590.5.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4590 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Problematode robertoi Flórez-V 2019" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="575" masterDocId="8B67FFB9B65C4F2CFFB2FFB15C22FFDE" masterDocTitle="Two amazing new species of treehoppers (Hemiptera: Membracidae) from Colombia: Calloconophora estellae sp. nov. and Problematode robertoi sp. nov." masterLastPageNumber="576" masterPageNumber="561" pageNumber="570" updateTime="1698724343046" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="8BCFD030E64E6F6DBC11CB0168ED71DD" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B736FAF429F0D9371FC72D2D29935783">
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<mods:title id="B0CF207A0CF78B4A748719F35AD3B7BA">Two amazing new species of treehoppers (Hemiptera: Membracidae) from Colombia: Calloconophora estellae sp. nov. and Problematode robertoi sp. nov.</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="A79727CAE7735F07D411DB7FEA6A9C5E" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="BC1DBAC7A529C6B22E28F533AB8A8A27">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="DC823CDC0A5DD9ACA04764076B8D2533">Flórez-V, Camilo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="C4B18C576175C3A9C1BCA6000A6A9E27">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="49E6738A682C7D2B57EF50063C95D2B3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="31D1CD8B658FBF974AB24D60C263A9CF">
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<mods:date id="D1DED2CC2078DD3126C66EBBED66C3FA">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="18FC7D99910E39F536F36B98379B9DD9">2019-05-01</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="65D9F8A42022B77AF7EA110EFD90DA43">4590</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="D70A7521B261903331C2A5402522C29D" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="DD487A01C6DEE8FBA885C4B5EBF49EBB">5</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="7DD9E4181259B4F90B0B86AEB4BC3F77" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4590.5.4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E7FD40643621455FC5926F04554C3951" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="775E87C1B6554F22FF25FE7B5DDDFD76" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5942814" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156878863" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5942814" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:775E87C1B6554F22FF25FE7B5DDDFD76" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/775E87C1B6554F22FF25FE7B5DDDFD76" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="575" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">
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<subSubSection id="B7ED655CB6554F25FF25FE7B5EA2FE3A" box="[151,640,458,484]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="FF4836D7B6554F25FF25FE7B5EA2FE3A" blockId="9.[151,957,458,554]" box="[151,640,458,484]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">
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<heading id="A40081BBB6554F25FF25FE7B5EA2FE3A" bold="true" box="[151,640,458,484]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6554F25FF25FE7B5EA2FE3A" bold="true" box="[151,640,458,484]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">
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<taxonomicName id="38F74D54B6554F25FF25FE7B5D84FE3A" authorityName="Flórez-V" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,422,458,484]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Problematode" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robertoi">
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<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6554F25FF25FE7B5D84FE3A" bold="true" box="[151,422,458,484]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Problematode robertoi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Flórez-V sp. nov.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B7ED655CB6554F25FF25FE5C5F9FFDF4" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" type="description">
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<paragraph id="FF4836D7B6554F25FF25FE5C5D33FDD8" blockId="9.[151,957,458,554]" box="[151,273,493,518]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">
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(
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<figureCitation id="67CC2A52B6554F25FF2DFE5C5D28FDD8" box="[159,266,493,518]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 6" captionStart-1="FIGURE 7" captionStart-2="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="10.[151,250,1958,1980]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,250,1807,1829]" captionStartId-2="12.[151,250,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox-0="[219,1387,213,1928]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,193,1785]" captionTargetBox-2="[152,1410,435,1848]" captionTargetId-0="figure@10.[219,1387,213,1928]" captionTargetId-1="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1785]" captionTargetId-2="figure@12.[151,1436,409,1897]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionTargetPageId-2="12" captionText-0="FIGURE 6. Holotype male of Problematode robertoi sp. nov. A) Lateral view, B) Ventral view, C) Dorsal view, D) Frontal view, E) Frontolateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 7. Exuviae of late instar nymph of Problematode robertoi. A) Frontal view, B) Lateral view, C) Ventral view, D) Dorsal view, E) Aspect on the field. F) Adult on Solanaceae. all: abdominal lateral lamellae; hll: head lateral lobes." captionText-2="FIGURE 8. Holotype male genitalia of Problematode robertoi. A) Abdomen in ventral view. Genitalia: B) ventral view, C) lateral view. D) Aedeagus and styles in frontolateral view. E) Abdominal spiracle. ae: aedeagus; lp fp: lateral plate finger–like process; sgp: subgenital plate; sp: spiracles; st: style." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2656464/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2656466/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/2656468/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Figs. 6–8</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FF4836D7B6554F25FF25FDA05F9FFDF4" blockId="9.[151,957,458,554]" box="[151,957,529,554]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">
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<uri id="8B663AD5B6554F25FF25FDA05F9FFDF4" box="[151,957,529,554]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="8B510C02B6554F25FE15FDA05F9FFDF4" box="[423,957,529,554]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">24302351-67AC-49A9-9032-BF9B3162FC4D</uuid>
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</uri>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B7ED655CB6554F25FF25FDE85957FC94" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="FF4836D7B6554F25FF25FDE85957FC94" blockId="9.[151,1437,601,2030]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">
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<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6554F25FF25FDE85D33FDAC" bold="true" box="[151,273,601,626]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="38F74D54B6554F25FEAEFDE85E02FDAC" authority="Flórez-V, 2019" authorityName="Flórez-V" authorityYear="2019" box="[284,544,601,626]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Problematode" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robertoi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6554F25FEAEFDE85E02FDAC" box="[284,544,601,626]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Problematode robertoi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6554F25FD99FDE85EABFDAC" bold="true" box="[555,649,601,626]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="D6B057BEB6554F25FD99FDE85EABFDAC" box="[555,649,601,626]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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is similar to
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<taxonomicName id="38F74D54B6554F25FC9EFDE8585BFDAC" authority="Gaiani" authorityName="Gaiani" authorityYear="2017" box="[812,1145,601,626]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Problematode" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inerme">
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<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6554F25FC9EFDE85801FDAF" box="[812,1059,601,626]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Problematode inerme</emphasis>
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Gaiani
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</taxonomicName>
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and other genera with a dorso-ventrally flattened body and pronotum lacking a posterior process as
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<taxonomicName id="38F74D54B6554F25FBA1FDCC5929FD4B" authority="Ramos" authorityName="Ramos" authorityYear="1957" box="[1043,1291,637,662]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Antillotolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6554F25FBA1FDCC588DFD48" box="[1043,1199,637,662]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Antillotolania</emphasis>
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Ramos
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="38F74D54B6554F25FAA9FDCC5CCCFD64" authority="Goding" authorityName="Goding" authorityYear="1926" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Euwalkeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6554F25FAA9FDCC59BEFD48" box="[1307,1436,637,662]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Euwalkeria</emphasis>
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Goding
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="38F74D54B6554F25FF49FD135DD5FD64" authority="Dietrich" authorityName="Dietrich" authorityYear="2008" box="[251,503,673,698]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Smergotomia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6554F25FF49FD135DADFD67" box="[251,399,674,697]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Smergotomia</emphasis>
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Dietrich
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="38F74D54B6554F25FD87FD105FA1FD64" authority="Cryan and Deitz" authorityName="Cryan and Deitz" box="[565,899,673,698]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Togotolania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6554F25FD87FD105E99FD64" box="[565,699,673,698]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Togotolania</emphasis>
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Cryan and Deitz
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</taxonomicName>
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, but it can be distinguished by: pronotum with dorsal surface simple, lacking projections at each side of medial carina; forewing with venation reticulate at apical half, veins rounded, some supranumerary crossveins not reaching other veins, thus irregular cells appearing of different sizes; membrane sclerotized and punctate in basal third, before division of M and Cu, and after division of R and M+Cu, and nearly all basal half of clavus; pro- and mesofemora without medial spine on ventral margin.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B7ED655CB6554F21FF75FCE45F89FAA2" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="574" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" type="description">
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<paragraph id="FF4836D7B6554F25FF75FCE45F25FB6C" blockId="9.[151,1437,601,2030]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">
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<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6554F25FF75FCE45D7BFCB0" bold="true" box="[199,345,853,878]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Description.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="204C8875B6554F25FED0FCE45DE8FCB0" box="[354,458,853,878]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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male. Body dorso-ventrally flattened (
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<figureCitation id="67CC2A52B6554F25FC3BFCE45FECFCB0" box="[905,974,853,878]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1958,1980]" captionTargetBox="[219,1387,213,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[219,1387,213,1928]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Holotype male of Problematode robertoi sp. nov. A) Lateral view, B) Ventral view, C) Dorsal view, D) Frontal view, E) Frontolateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656464/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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D–E).
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<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6554F25FBAEFCE4587CFCB0" box="[1052,1118,853,878]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Color</emphasis>
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: overall integument brown. Head reddish brown, eyes reddish dark brown, ocelli yellow, dorsal projections of head dark brown. Pronotum with supraocular callosities and dorso-medial carina dark brown (
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<figureCitation id="67CC2A52B6554F25FCD5FC2C5FE7FC68" box="[871,965,925,950]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1958,1980]" captionTargetBox="[219,1387,213,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[219,1387,213,1928]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Holotype male of Problematode robertoi sp. nov. A) Lateral view, B) Ventral view, C) Dorsal view, D) Frontal view, E) Frontolateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656464/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
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); one transverse dark brown band over supraocular callosities, followed by lighter area on metopidium and another dark brown region (
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<figureCitation id="67CC2A52B6554F25FB51FC70597BFC04" box="[1251,1369,961,986]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1958,1980]" captionTargetBox="[219,1387,213,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[219,1387,213,1928]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Holotype male of Problematode robertoi sp. nov. A) Lateral view, B) Ventral view, C) Dorsal view, D) Frontal view, E) Frontolateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656464/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Fig. 6A, 6</figureCitation>
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C–E); posterior margin of pronotum light brown (
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<figureCitation id="67CC2A52B6554F25FD22FC545ECEFC20" box="[656,748,997,1022]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1958,1980]" captionTargetBox="[219,1387,213,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[219,1387,213,1928]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Holotype male of Problematode robertoi sp. nov. A) Lateral view, B) Ventral view, C) Dorsal view, D) Frontal view, E) Frontolateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656464/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
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). Scutellum brown, darker from midlength to distal fourth, apical fourth greenish (
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<figureCitation id="67CC2A52B6554F25FE29FBB85DD1FBFC" box="[411,499,1033,1058]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1958,1980]" captionTargetBox="[219,1387,213,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[219,1387,213,1928]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Holotype male of Problematode robertoi sp. nov. A) Lateral view, B) Ventral view, C) Dorsal view, D) Frontal view, E) Frontolateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656464/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
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). Forewing dark brown on base of sclerotized area, then brown; veins brown (some areas with a darker brown area around veins;
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<figureCitation id="67CC2A52B6554F25FD71FB9C5F74FB98" box="[707,854,1069,1094]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1958,1980]" captionTargetBox="[219,1387,213,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[219,1387,213,1928]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Holotype male of Problematode robertoi sp. nov. A) Lateral view, B) Ventral view, C) Dorsal view, D) Frontal view, E) Frontolateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656464/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Fig. 6A, 6C</figureCitation>
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). Coxae and tarsi dark brown; protrochanter and profemur brown; protibia dark brown with apex darker; meso- and metatrochanter light brown; meso- and metafemora light brown with apical third dark brown; meso- and metatibia light brown with base and subapex dark brown (
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<figureCitation id="67CC2A52B6554F25FF5CFB285D12FB6C" box="[238,304,1177,1202]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1958,1980]" captionTargetBox="[219,1387,213,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[219,1387,213,1928]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Holotype male of Problematode robertoi sp. nov. A) Lateral view, B) Ventral view, C) Dorsal view, D) Frontal view, E) Frontolateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656464/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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A–B). Abdomen reddish brown (
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<figureCitation id="67CC2A52B6554F25FD10FB285ED9FB6C" box="[674,763,1177,1202]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1958,1980]" captionTargetBox="[219,1387,213,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[219,1387,213,1928]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Holotype male of Problematode robertoi sp. nov. A) Lateral view, B) Ventral view, C) Dorsal view, D) Frontal view, E) Frontolateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656464/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FF4836D7B6554F25FF75FB0F5E18FB24" blockId="9.[151,1437,601,2030]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">
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<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6554F25FF75FB0F5D3EFB08" box="[199,284,1214,1238]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Surface</emphasis>
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: Head, pronotum, ventral surface of thorax, legs and sclerotized area of forewings and veins covered with silvery pubescence (
|
||
<figureCitation id="67CC2A52B6554F25FE01FB505DD7FB24" box="[435,501,1249,1274]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1958,1980]" captionTargetBox="[219,1387,213,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[219,1387,213,1928]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Holotype male of Problematode robertoi sp. nov. A) Lateral view, B) Ventral view, C) Dorsal view, D) Frontal view, E) Frontolateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656464/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A–E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FF4836D7B6554F25FF75FAB45892FA54" blockId="9.[151,1437,601,2030]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">
|
||
<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6554F25FF75FAB45D26FAC0" box="[199,260,1285,1310]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Head</emphasis>
|
||
: Slightly wider than humeral angles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="67CC2A52B6554F25FD1DFAB45ED0FAC0" box="[687,754,1285,1310]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1958,1980]" captionTargetBox="[219,1387,213,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[219,1387,213,1928]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Holotype male of Problematode robertoi sp. nov. A) Lateral view, B) Ventral view, C) Dorsal view, D) Frontal view, E) Frontolateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656464/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
C–D); vertex concave between dorsal projections and ocelli, from occipital margin to frontoclypeal suture (
|
||
<figureCitation id="67CC2A52B6554F25FD01FA985EDBFA9C" box="[691,761,1321,1346]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1958,1980]" captionTargetBox="[219,1387,213,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[219,1387,213,1928]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Holotype male of Problematode robertoi sp. nov. A) Lateral view, B) Ventral view, C) Dorsal view, D) Frontal view, E) Frontolateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656464/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
B–C); supraantenal ledges rounded and folded posteriorly, weakly pronounced (
|
||
<figureCitation id="67CC2A52B6554F25FE24FAFC5DD4FAB8" box="[406,502,1357,1382]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1958,1980]" captionTargetBox="[219,1387,213,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[219,1387,213,1928]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Holotype male of Problematode robertoi sp. nov. A) Lateral view, B) Ventral view, C) Dorsal view, D) Frontal view, E) Frontolateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656464/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
|
||
), margin continuous with one transverse carina of frontoclypeus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="67CC2A52B6554F25FA9EFAFC59ACFAB8" box="[1324,1422,1357,1382]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1958,1980]" captionTargetBox="[219,1387,213,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[219,1387,213,1928]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Holotype male of Problematode robertoi sp. nov. A) Lateral view, B) Ventral view, C) Dorsal view, D) Frontal view, E) Frontolateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656464/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
|
||
); frontoclypeus ovoid, flattened (
|
||
<figureCitation id="67CC2A52B6554F25FE45FAC05E6DFA54" box="[503,591,1393,1418]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1958,1980]" captionTargetBox="[219,1387,213,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[219,1387,213,1928]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Holotype male of Problematode robertoi sp. nov. A) Lateral view, B) Ventral view, C) Dorsal view, D) Frontal view, E) Frontolateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656464/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
|
||
); eyes stalked; dorsal projections conical (
|
||
<figureCitation id="67CC2A52B6554F25FB98FAC0584EFA54" box="[1066,1132,1393,1418]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1958,1980]" captionTargetBox="[219,1387,213,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[219,1387,213,1928]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Holotype male of Problematode robertoi sp. nov. A) Lateral view, B) Ventral view, C) Dorsal view, D) Frontal view, E) Frontolateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656464/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
B–C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FF4836D7B6554F25FF75FA245F33F958" blockId="9.[151,1437,601,2030]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">
|
||
<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6554F25FF75FA245D3AFA70" box="[199,280,1429,1454]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
: Pronotum with dorso-median carina weakly produced (
|
||
<figureCitation id="67CC2A52B6554F25FC3FFA245FECFA70" box="[909,974,1429,1454]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1958,1980]" captionTargetBox="[219,1387,213,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[219,1387,213,1928]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Holotype male of Problematode robertoi sp. nov. A) Lateral view, B) Ventral view, C) Dorsal view, D) Frontal view, E) Frontolateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656464/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
D–E), supraocullar callosity forming five glabrous spots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="67CC2A52B6554F25FEE1FA085D93FA0C" box="[339,433,1465,1490]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1958,1980]" captionTargetBox="[219,1387,213,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[219,1387,213,1928]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Holotype male of Problematode robertoi sp. nov. A) Lateral view, B) Ventral view, C) Dorsal view, D) Frontal view, E) Frontolateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656464/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
|
||
); post-ocular lobes developed and directed ventrolaterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="67CC2A52B6554F25FBC1FA0858D3FA0C" box="[1139,1265,1465,1490]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1958,1980]" captionTargetBox="[219,1387,213,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[219,1387,213,1928]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Holotype male of Problematode robertoi sp. nov. A) Lateral view, B) Ventral view, C) Dorsal view, D) Frontal view, E) Frontolateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656464/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Fig. 6A, 6</figureCitation>
|
||
D–E). Base of scutellum weakly swollen, apex slightly directed upward (
|
||
<figureCitation id="67CC2A52B6554F25FC88FA6C5FB5FA28" box="[826,919,1501,1526]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1958,1980]" captionTargetBox="[219,1387,213,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[219,1387,213,1928]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Holotype male of Problematode robertoi sp. nov. A) Lateral view, B) Ventral view, C) Dorsal view, D) Frontal view, E) Frontolateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656464/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Forewing with veins thickened, apical half with venation reticulate differing somewhat on left and right wing; veins forming filigree-like pattern of rounded lines; some supranumerary crossveins incomplete, thus some irregular cells appear bigger than others (
|
||
<figureCitation id="67CC2A52B6554F25FA8EF9945C99F9BC" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1958,1980]" captionTargetBox="[219,1387,213,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[219,1387,213,1928]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Holotype male of Problematode robertoi sp. nov. A) Lateral view, B) Ventral view, C) Dorsal view, D) Frontal view, E) Frontolateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656464/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Fig. 6A, 6C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pro-, meso- and metacoxae separated medially by 1.5 coxae length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="67CC2A52B6554F25FC6CF9F85815F9BC" box="[990,1079,1609,1634]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1958,1980]" captionTargetBox="[219,1387,213,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[219,1387,213,1928]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Holotype male of Problematode robertoi sp. nov. A) Lateral view, B) Ventral view, C) Dorsal view, D) Frontal view, E) Frontolateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656464/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pro- and mesofemora simple, lacking medial spine on ventral margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="67CC2A52B6554F25FDEEF9DC5EEFF958" box="[604,717,1645,1670]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1958,1980]" captionTargetBox="[219,1387,213,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[219,1387,213,1928]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Holotype male of Problematode robertoi sp. nov. A) Lateral view, B) Ventral view, C) Dorsal view, D) Frontal view, E) Frontolateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656464/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Fig. 6B, 6</figureCitation>
|
||
D–E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FF4836D7B6554F25FF75F9205857F85C" blockId="9.[151,1437,601,2030]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">
|
||
<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6554F25FF75F9205D13F974" box="[199,305,1681,1706]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: Male terminalia small compared to other abdominal segments, in ventral view width 0.5X VIII segment width (
|
||
<figureCitation id="67CC2A52B6554F25FEFBF9045D81F910" box="[329,419,1717,1742]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[152,1410,435,1848]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,409,1897]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Holotype male genitalia of Problematode robertoi. A) Abdomen in ventral view. Genitalia: B) ventral view, C) lateral view. D) Aedeagus and styles in frontolateral view. E) Abdominal spiracle. ae: aedeagus; lp fp: lateral plate finger–like process; sgp: subgenital plate; sp: spiracles; st: style." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656468/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Genitalia. Lateral plate with postero-dorsal finger-like process (
|
||
<figureCitation id="67CC2A52B6554F25FBCEF90458F6F910" box="[1148,1236,1717,1742]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[152,1410,435,1848]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,409,1897]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Holotype male genitalia of Problematode robertoi. A) Abdomen in ventral view. Genitalia: B) ventral view, C) lateral view. D) Aedeagus and styles in frontolateral view. E) Abdominal spiracle. ae: aedeagus; lp fp: lateral plate finger–like process; sgp: subgenital plate; sp: spiracles; st: style." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656468/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Subgenital plate narrow, length 2.5X width, fused until half-length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="67CC2A52B6554F25FD53F9685F19F92C" box="[737,827,1753,1778]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[152,1410,435,1848]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,409,1897]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Holotype male genitalia of Problematode robertoi. A) Abdomen in ventral view. Genitalia: B) ventral view, C) lateral view. D) Aedeagus and styles in frontolateral view. E) Abdominal spiracle. ae: aedeagus; lp fp: lateral plate finger–like process; sgp: subgenital plate; sp: spiracles; st: style." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656468/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
|
||
); lobes with long setae throughout (setae longer than lobes width) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="67CC2A52B6554F25FE82F94C5D53F8C8" box="[304,369,1789,1814]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[152,1410,435,1848]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,409,1897]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Holotype male genitalia of Problematode robertoi. A) Abdomen in ventral view. Genitalia: B) ventral view, C) lateral view. D) Aedeagus and styles in frontolateral view. E) Abdominal spiracle. ae: aedeagus; lp fp: lateral plate finger–like process; sgp: subgenital plate; sp: spiracles; st: style." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656468/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
B–C). Style in ventral view stout throughout, apex finger shaped, directed laterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="67CC2A52B6554F25FAA8F94C5953F8C8" box="[1306,1393,1789,1814]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[152,1410,435,1848]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,409,1897]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Holotype male genitalia of Problematode robertoi. A) Abdomen in ventral view. Genitalia: B) ventral view, C) lateral view. D) Aedeagus and styles in frontolateral view. E) Abdominal spiracle. ae: aedeagus; lp fp: lateral plate finger–like process; sgp: subgenital plate; sp: spiracles; st: style." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656468/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
|
||
); in lateral view broader at middle, apex rounded and more or less hook-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="67CC2A52B6554F25FC46F890586FF8E4" box="[1012,1101,1825,1850]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[152,1410,435,1848]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,409,1897]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Holotype male genitalia of Problematode robertoi. A) Abdomen in ventral view. Genitalia: B) ventral view, C) lateral view. D) Aedeagus and styles in frontolateral view. E) Abdominal spiracle. ae: aedeagus; lp fp: lateral plate finger–like process; sgp: subgenital plate; sp: spiracles; st: style." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656468/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Aedeagus in lateral view Ushaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="67CC2A52B6554F25FF44F8F45D72F880" box="[246,336,1861,1886]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[152,1410,435,1848]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,409,1897]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Holotype male genitalia of Problematode robertoi. A) Abdomen in ventral view. Genitalia: B) ventral view, C) lateral view. D) Aedeagus and styles in frontolateral view. E) Abdominal spiracle. ae: aedeagus; lp fp: lateral plate finger–like process; sgp: subgenital plate; sp: spiracles; st: style." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656468/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
|
||
), posterior arm wider at apical third, tapering apically, with denticles on anterior face of apical third (
|
||
<figureCitation id="67CC2A52B6554F25FF69F8D85D3EF85C" box="[219,284,1897,1922]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[152,1410,435,1848]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,409,1897]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Holotype male genitalia of Problematode robertoi. A) Abdomen in ventral view. Genitalia: B) ventral view, C) lateral view. D) Aedeagus and styles in frontolateral view. E) Abdominal spiracle. ae: aedeagus; lp fp: lateral plate finger–like process; sgp: subgenital plate; sp: spiracles; st: style." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656468/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
C–D); gonopore ovoid, located on apical third of posterior arm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="67CC2A52B6554F25FC5FF8D8580DF85C" box="[1005,1071,1897,1922]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[152,1410,435,1848]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,409,1897]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Holotype male genitalia of Problematode robertoi. A) Abdomen in ventral view. Genitalia: B) ventral view, C) lateral view. D) Aedeagus and styles in frontolateral view. E) Abdominal spiracle. ae: aedeagus; lp fp: lateral plate finger–like process; sgp: subgenital plate; sp: spiracles; st: style." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656468/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
C–D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FF4836D7B6554F20FF75F83F5901FEBA" blockId="9.[151,1437,601,2030]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="573" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">
|
||
<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6554F25FF75F83F5DD0F87B" box="[199,498,1933,1958]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Late-instar nymph exuviae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="67CC2A52B6554F25FDB1F83C5E67F878" box="[515,581,1933,1958]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1807,1829]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1785]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1785]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Exuviae of late instar nymph of Problematode robertoi. A) Frontal view, B) Lateral view, C) Ventral view, D) Dorsal view, E) Aspect on the field. F) Adult on Solanaceae. all: abdominal lateral lamellae; hll: head lateral lobes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656466/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
A–E):
|
||
<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6554F25FD26F83C5F52F878" box="[660,880,1933,1958]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Overall body shape</emphasis>
|
||
: Body dorso-ventrally flattened; in anterior view arched, excavated ventrally.
|
||
<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6554F25FE67F8035E16F814" box="[469,564,1970,1994]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Surface:</emphasis>
|
||
Tegument covered with short chalazae, densely covered by debris from plant, moss and lichen.
|
||
<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6554F25FEEBF8645EB7F830" box="[345,661,2005,2030]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Head, thorax and abdomen:</emphasis>
|
||
Head with small subtriangular frontal processes [as in adults] joined with lateral lobes extended in front eyes and surpassing them in dorsal view, with large chalazae on anterior margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="67CC2A52B6574F27FF2DF83F5CC1F879" box="[159,227,1934,1959]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1807,1829]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1785]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1785]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Exuviae of late instar nymph of Problematode robertoi. A) Frontal view, B) Lateral view, C) Ventral view, D) Dorsal view, E) Aspect on the field. F) Adult on Solanaceae. all: abdominal lateral lamellae; hll: head lateral lobes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656466/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
C–D); ventral margin carinate in anterior view; frontoclypeus ovoid, anteclypeus oval (
|
||
<figureCitation id="67CC2A52B6574F27FB7BF83F5901F879" box="[1225,1315,1934,1959]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1807,1829]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1785]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1785]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Exuviae of late instar nymph of Problematode robertoi. A) Frontal view, B) Lateral view, C) Ventral view, D) Dorsal view, E) Aspect on the field. F) Adult on Solanaceae. all: abdominal lateral lamellae; hll: head lateral lobes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656466/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Thoracic nota lacking scoli; pronotal lateral lobes ventro-laterally extended with emarginate edge that receives mesothoracic leg in repose (
|
||
<figureCitation id="67CC2A52B6574F27FE8BF8675DB7F831" box="[313,405,2006,2031]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1807,1829]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1785]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1785]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Exuviae of late instar nymph of Problematode robertoi. A) Frontal view, B) Lateral view, C) Ventral view, D) Dorsal view, E) Aspect on the field. F) Adult on Solanaceae. all: abdominal lateral lamellae; hll: head lateral lobes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656466/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
|
||
); ventral margin of mesothorax forewing pad emarginate anteriorly receiving metathoracic leg in repose (
|
||
<figureCitation id="67CC2A52B6504F20FEFBFF265D87FF6E" box="[329,421,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1807,1829]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1785]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1785]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Exuviae of late instar nymph of Problematode robertoi. A) Frontal view, B) Lateral view, C) Ventral view, D) Dorsal view, E) Aspect on the field. F) Adult on Solanaceae. all: abdominal lateral lamellae; hll: head lateral lobes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656466/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||
) and ventrolaterally extended and straight posteriorly. Pro- and mesotibiae flattened, subfoliaceous, with marginal chalazae, longer at anterior margin; metatibiae less flattened than other tibiae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="67CC2A52B6504F20FADDFF0D5C99FF26" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1807,1829]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1785]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1785]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Exuviae of late instar nymph of Problematode robertoi. A) Frontal view, B) Lateral view, C) Ventral view, D) Dorsal view, E) Aspect on the field. F) Adult on Solanaceae. all: abdominal lateral lamellae; hll: head lateral lobes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656466/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Abdominal terga IV–VII with large lateral lamellae (all,
|
||
<figureCitation id="67CC2A52B6504F20FCFAFF6E5FBFFF26" box="[840,925,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1807,1829]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1785]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1785]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Exuviae of late instar nymph of Problematode robertoi. A) Frontal view, B) Lateral view, C) Ventral view, D) Dorsal view, E) Aspect on the field. F) Adult on Solanaceae. all: abdominal lateral lamellae; hll: head lateral lobes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656466/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
|
||
) directed posterolaterally, smallest on tergum IV and increasing in size posteriorly, with chalazae with needle-like setae and tuberculate base on margins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="67CC2A52B6504F20FAD6FEB55C87FE9E" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1807,1829]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1785]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1785]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Exuviae of late instar nymph of Problematode robertoi. A) Frontal view, B) Lateral view, C) Ventral view, D) Dorsal view, E) Aspect on the field. F) Adult on Solanaceae. all: abdominal lateral lamellae; hll: head lateral lobes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656466/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
C–D); terga III–VIII each with 1 pair of enlarged chalazae near mid line; tergum IX triangular in dorsal view, slightly longer than wider at base, length smaller than combined lengths of segments VI–VIII (
|
||
<figureCitation id="67CC2A52B6504F20FB0FFEFD5937FEBA" box="[1213,1301,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1807,1829]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1785]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1785]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Exuviae of late instar nymph of Problematode robertoi. A) Frontal view, B) Lateral view, C) Ventral view, D) Dorsal view, E) Aspect on the field. F) Adult on Solanaceae. all: abdominal lateral lamellae; hll: head lateral lobes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656466/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="AB88665FB6564F26FF25F8175E52F804" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656464/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" startId="10.[151,250,1958,1980]" targetBox="[219,1387,213,1928]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="FF4836D7B6564F26FF25F8175E52F804" blockId="10.[151,1436,1958,2010]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">
|
||
<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6564F26FF25F8175D36F865" bold="true" box="[151,276,1958,1980]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38F74D54B6564F26FE6BF8175EE3F862" authority="Flórez-V, 2019" authorityName="Flórez-V" authorityYear="2019" box="[473,705,1958,1980]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Problematode" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robertoi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6564F26FE6BF8175EE3F862" box="[473,705,1958,1980]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">Problematode robertoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6564F26FD78F8175F3EF865" bold="true" box="[714,796,1958,1979]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D6B057BEB6564F26FD78F8175F3EF865" box="[714,796,1958,1979]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A) Lateral view, B) Ventral view, C) Dorsal view, D) Frontal view, E) Frontolateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="AB88665FB6574F27FF25F8BE5901F89D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656466/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" startId="11.[151,250,1807,1829]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1785]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="FF4836D7B6574F27FF25F8BE5901F89D" blockId="11.[151,1435,1807,1859]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">
|
||
<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6574F27FF25F8BE5D37F8FA" bold="true" box="[151,277,1807,1829]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Exuviae of late instar nymph of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38F74D54B6574F27FDC0F8BE5F79F8FB" authorityName="Flórez-V" authorityYear="2019" box="[626,859,1807,1829]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Problematode" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robertoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6574F27FDC0F8BE5F79F8FB" box="[626,859,1807,1829]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">Problematode robertoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A) Frontal view, B) Lateral view, C) Ventral view, D) Dorsal view, E) Aspect on the field. F) Adult on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38F74D54B6574F27FD36F89C5EDBF89D" box="[644,761,1837,1859]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. all: abdominal lateral lamellae; hll: head lateral lobes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="AB88665FB6504F20FF25F8CF5E8FF80C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656468/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" startId="12.[151,250,1918,1940]" targetBox="[152,1410,435,1848]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="FF4836D7B6504F20FF25F8CF5E8FF80C" blockId="12.[151,1436,1918,2002]" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">
|
||
<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6504F20FF25F8CF5D36F84A" bold="true" box="[151,276,1918,1940]" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38F74D54B6504F20FD8BF8CF5F00F84A" authorityName="Flórez-V" authorityYear="2019" box="[569,802,1918,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Problematode" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robertoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6504F20FD8BF8CF5F00F84A" box="[569,802,1918,1940]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">Problematode robertoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A) Abdomen in ventral view. Genitalia: B) ventral view, C) lateral view. D) Aedeagus and styles in frontolateral view. E) Abdominal spiracle. ae: aedeagus; lp fp: lateral plate finger–like process; sgp: subgenital plate; sp: spiracles; st: style.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="AB88665FB6514F21FF25FAB358E2FAC9" box="[151,1216,1282,1304]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656470/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" startId="13.[151,250,1282,1304]" targetBox="[377,1195,223,1228]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="FF4836D7B6514F21FF25FAB358E2FAC9" blockId="13.[151,1216,1282,1304]" box="[151,1216,1282,1304]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">
|
||
<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6514F21FF25FAB35D30FAC9" bold="true" box="[151,274,1282,1304]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Known distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38F74D54B6514F21FDB2FAB35EDBFAC6" authority="Flórez-V, 2019" authorityName="Flórez-V" authorityYear="2019" box="[512,761,1282,1304]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Calloconophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="estellae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6514F21FDB2FAB35EDBFAC6" box="[512,761,1282,1304]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">Calloconophora estellae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6514F21FCB2FAB35F73FAC9" bold="true" box="[768,849,1282,1303]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D6B057BEB6514F21FCB2FAB35F73FAC9" box="[768,849,1282,1303]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38F74D54B6514F21FC30FAB3584BFAC6" authority="Flórez-V, 2019" authorityName="Flórez-V" authorityYear="2019" box="[898,1129,1282,1304]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Problematode" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robertoi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6514F21FC30FAB3584BFAC6" box="[898,1129,1282,1304]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">Problematode robertoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D6B057BEB6514F21FBDDFAB358E2FAC9" box="[1135,1216,1282,1303]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="FF4836D7B6514F21FF75FA8E5F89FAA2" blockId="13.[151,1437,1343,2016]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">
|
||
<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6514F21FF75FA8E5D5FFA86" bold="true" box="[199,381,1343,1368]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">Measurements.</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="204C8875B6514F21FE36FA8E5DCEFA86" box="[388,492,1343,1368]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
male (mm): body length: 9.00; pronotal length: 2.29; maximum height of pronotum: 0.83; length of forewing: 7.86; pronotal width: 2.74; head width: 2.84.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B7ED655CB6514F21FF75FA36582AF98A" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="FF4836D7B6514F21FF75FA365E86F9D2" blockId="13.[151,1437,1343,2016]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">
|
||
<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6514F21FF75FA365F31FA7E" bold="true" box="[199,787,1415,1440]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">
|
||
Examined material.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="4F9F3C8AB6514F21FE71FA365F31FA7E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2237406116" box="[451,787,1415,1440]" collectionCode="CBUCES" collectorName="A. Florez & J. J. Florez & N. Florez & A. Ospina & L. E. Valencia" country="Colombia" latitude="4.980243" location="Villamaria" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Caldas" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="204C8875B6514F21FE71FA365E12FA7E" box="[451,560,1415,1440]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
male in CBUCES
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="87E07647B6514F21FCEDFA395FDBFA7E" box="[863,1017,1416,1440]" name="Colombia" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6514F21FBBAFA365875FA7E" box="[1032,1111,1415,1440]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3D33F835B6514F21FBBAFA365875FA7E" box="[1032,1111,1415,1440]" country="Colombia" name="Caldas" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">Caldas</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="FA28600CB6514F21FBD8FA3658C7FA7E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:775E87C1B6554F22FF25FE7B5DDDFD76:FA28600CB6514F21FBD8FA3658C7FA7E" box="[1130,1253,1415,1440]" country="Colombia" latitude="4.980243" name="Villamaria" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" stateProvince="Caldas">Villamaría</location>
|
||
: “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="87E07647B6514F21FB4FFA3959BAFA7E" box="[1277,1432,1416,1440]" name="Colombia" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3D33F835B6514F21FF25FA1A5CC4FA1A" box="[151,230,1451,1476]" country="Colombia" name="Caldas" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">Caldas</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Villamaría, vereda Montaño, \ cerca de finca Arboloco, \
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9AC35010B6514F21FC32FA1D582EFA1A" box="[896,1036,1452,1476]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" precision="1" value="4.980243">4.980243°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 75.434655 \~2500 msnm, manual, en
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38F74D54B6514F21FF0AFA7E5D90FA36" box="[184,434,1487,1512]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6514F21FF0AFA7E5D38FA36" box="[184,282,1487,1512]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">Solanum</emphasis>
|
||
(Solanaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
\
|
||
<date id="8B491017B6514F21FE74FA615E7FFA36" box="[454,605,1488,1512]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" value="2018-03-27">Mar. 27/2018</date>
|
||
\
|
||
<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6514F21FDC0FA7E5EB6FA36" box="[626,660,1487,1512]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">leg</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="52025301B6514F21FD10FA615F2DFA36" box="[674,783,1487,1512]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">A. Flórez</collectorName>
|
||
, C. Flórez-V,
|
||
<collectorName id="52025301B6514F21FC1AFA61583CFA36" box="[936,1054,1487,1512]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">J.J. Flórez</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="52025301B6514F21FB9AFA6158B7FA36" box="[1064,1173,1487,1512]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">N. Flórez</collectorName>
|
||
, R. \ Flórez,
|
||
<collectorName id="52025301B6514F21FA96FA6159BAFA36" box="[1316,1432,1487,1512]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">A. Ospina</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="52025301B6514F21FF25FA455D0CF9D2" box="[151,302,1523,1548]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">L.E. Valencia</collectorName>
|
||
\ CBUCES-F 2250” (CBUCES).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FF4836D7B6514F21FF75F9A6582AF98A" blockId="13.[151,1437,1343,2016]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">Specimen in 75% ethanol, in good state of preservation, abdomen dissected and placed in vials with glycerin together with left metatibia and metatarsomeres, pinned aside of the specimen.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B7ED655CB6514F21FF75F9EE5867F942" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="FF4836D7B6514F21FF75F9EE5867F942" blockId="13.[151,1437,1343,2016]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">
|
||
<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6514F21FF75F9EE5D42F9A6" bold="true" box="[199,352,1631,1656]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="87E07647B6514F21FEC8F9D15E31F9A6" box="[378,531,1632,1656]" name="Colombia" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6514F21FD83F9EE5EA2F9A6" box="[561,640,1631,1656]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3D33F835B6514F21FD83F9EE5EA2F9A6" box="[561,640,1631,1656]" country="Colombia" name="Caldas" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">Caldas</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Villamaría (Vereda Montaño, Finca Arboloco,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9AC35010B6514F21FABFF9D159BAF9A6" box="[1293,1432,1632,1656]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" precision="1" value="4.980243">4.980243°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9AC35010B6514F21FF25F9325D16F942" box="[151,308,1667,1692]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" precision="1" value="-75.434654">75.434655°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="380F9B32B6514F21FE8DF9325D9AF942" box="[319,440,1667,1692]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" unit="m" value="2500.0">2500 masl</quantity>
|
||
). This is the first record of the genus in Colombia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="67CC2A52B6514F21FC41F9325815F942" box="[1011,1079,1667,1692]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1282,1304]" captionTargetBox="[377,1195,223,1228]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[340,1247,193,1261]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Known distribution of Calloconophora estellae sp. nov. and Problematode robertoi sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656470/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B7ED655CB6514F21FF75F9165FB9F8D6" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="FF4836D7B6514F21FF75F9165FB9F8D6" blockId="13.[151,1437,1343,2016]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">
|
||
<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6514F21FF75F9165D05F91E" bold="true" box="[199,295,1703,1728]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
One teneral was found on a plant of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38F74D54B6514F21FCE1F9165F97F91E" box="[851,949,1703,1728]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6514F21FCE1F9165F97F91E" box="[851,949,1703,1728]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">Solanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38F74D54B6514F21FC5AF916584BF91E" box="[1000,1129,1703,1728]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in a small patch of cloud forest (
|
||
<figureCitation id="67CC2A52B6514F21FF5EF97A5D64F93A" box="[236,326,1739,1764]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1807,1829]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1785]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1785]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Exuviae of late instar nymph of Problematode robertoi. A) Frontal view, B) Lateral view, C) Ventral view, D) Dorsal view, E) Aspect on the field. F) Adult on Solanaceae. all: abdominal lateral lamellae; hll: head lateral lobes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656466/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">Fig. 7F</figureCitation>
|
||
). The exuviae were found under a leaf near to the branch apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="67CC2A52B6514F21FBEBF97A5894F93A" box="[1113,1206,1739,1764]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1807,1829]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1785]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1785]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Exuviae of late instar nymph of Problematode robertoi. A) Frontal view, B) Lateral view, C) Ventral view, D) Dorsal view, E) Aspect on the field. F) Adult on Solanaceae. all: abdominal lateral lamellae; hll: head lateral lobes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656466/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Although, several explorations in the area were made, just one specimen was collected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B7ED655CB6514F21FF75F8A25F84F88E" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="FF4836D7B6514F21FF75F8A25F84F88E" blockId="13.[151,1437,1343,2016]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">
|
||
<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6514F21FF75F8A25D6CF8F2" bold="true" box="[199,334,1811,1836]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Named in honor of Roberto Flórez, the author’s father, an extraordinary man, very peaceful and wise; owner of the “Finca Arboloco”, close to where the
|
||
<typeStatus id="204C8875B6514F21FCA7F8895F67F88E" box="[789,837,1848,1872]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B7ED655CB6514F22FF75F8EA5DDDFD76" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="575" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="FF4836D7B6514F21FF75F8EA58B5F83E" blockId="13.[151,1437,1343,2016]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">
|
||
<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6514F21FF75F8EA5D19F8AA" bold="true" box="[199,315,1883,1908]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This is the first record of the genus in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="87E07647B6514F21FD5DF8EA5F42F8AA" box="[751,864,1883,1908]" name="Colombia" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, which had been recorded for the Coastal Montane Forests of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="87E07647B6514F21FEBEF8CE5D5DF846" box="[268,383,1919,1944]" name="Venezuela" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9B664B26B6514F21FE3FF8CE5E3FF846" author="Gaiani, M." box="[397,541,1919,1944]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" pagination="70 - 76" refId="ref8018" refString="Gaiani, M. (2017) Problematode: an enigmatic new genus of Membracidae (Hemiptera) with two new species from Venezuela. Zootaxa, 4281 (1), 70 - 76. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4281.1.7" type="journal article" year="2017">Gaiani 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This species is assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38F74D54B6514F21FCEEF8CE5FDBF846" authorityName=": Gaiani" authorityYear="2017" box="[860,1017,1919,1944]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Problematode" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6514F21FCEEF8CE5FDBF846" box="[860,1017,1919,1944]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">Problematode</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the dorsoventrally flattened body, apical half of forewing with reticulate veins, pronotum lacking posterior process, mesotrochanter fused with mesocoxa, aedeagus U-shaped lacking lateral processes as was described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9B664B26B6514F21FC46F87658B1F83E" author="Gaiani, M." box="[1012,1171,1991,2016]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" pagination="70 - 76" refId="ref8018" refString="Gaiani, M. (2017) Problematode: an enigmatic new genus of Membracidae (Hemiptera) with two new species from Venezuela. Zootaxa, 4281 (1), 70 - 76. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4281.1.7" type="journal article" year="2017">Gaiani (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FF4836D7B6524F22FF75FF265DDDFD76" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,680]" pageId="14" pageNumber="575">
|
||
The nymphs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38F74D54B6524F22FEC8FF265E58FF6E" authority="Flórez-V, 2019" authorityName="Flórez-V" authorityYear="2019" box="[378,634,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Problematode" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robertoi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6524F22FEC8FF265E58FF6E" box="[378,634,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="575">Problematode robertoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6524F22FD30FF265EFFFF6E" bold="true" box="[642,733,151,176]" pageId="14" pageNumber="575">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D6B057BEB6524F22FD30FF265EFFFF6E" box="[642,733,151,176]" pageId="14" pageNumber="575" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
exhibit characters of cryptic nymphs belonging to membracid subfamilies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38F74D54B6524F22FE93FF0D5D9EFF0B" authorityName="Haupt" authorityYear="1929" box="[289,444,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Stegaspidinae">Stegaspidinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38F74D54B6524F22FE44FF0D5E43FF0B" authorityName="Amyot & Audinet-Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[502,609,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Darninae">Darninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
: flattened body, large abdominal lamellae and emarginate forewing pads notched to receive mesotibiae at rest to increase crypsis (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9B664B26B6524F22FC94FF5158A9FF26" author="McKamey, S. H. & Brodbeck, B. V." box="[806,1163,223,248]" pageId="14" pageNumber="575" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref8110" refString="McKamey, S. H. & Brodbeck, B. V. (2013) Inmature stages and hosts of two plesiomorphic, Antilean genera of Membracidae (Hemiptera) and a new species of Antillotolania from Puerto Rico. Zookeys, 301, 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 301.4234" type="journal article" year="2013">McKamey and Brodbeck 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Some other characters shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38F74D54B6524F22FE9FFEB55DEAFEC3" authorityName="Haupt" authorityYear="1929" box="[301,456,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Stegaspidinae">Stegaspidinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
nymphs are the foliaceous ventrolateral lobes of the head, foliaceous tibiae with chalazae on antero-dorsal and postero-dorsal margins, abdominal lamellae directed posterolaterad with needle-like setae. These attributes have been reported for nymphs of
|
||
<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6524F22FCF1FEFD5DEEFE56" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="575">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38F74D54B6524F22FCF1FEFD5FC3FEBB" authorityName="Ramos" authorityYear="1957" box="[835,993,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Antillotolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Antillotolania</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38F74D54B6524F22FC43FEFD5846FEBB" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1829" box="[1009,1124,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Bocydium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bocydium</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38F74D54B6524F22FBC6FEFD58D1FEBB" authorityName="Ramos" authorityYear="1957" box="[1140,1267,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Deiroderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Deiroderes</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38F74D54B6524F22FAB1FEFD5D00FE56" authority=", Lycoderides" authorityName="Lycoderides" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Flexocentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Flexocentrus, Lycoderides</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38F74D54B6524F22FE84FEC05DEEFE56" box="[310,460,369,392]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Microcentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Microcentrus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6524F22FE56FEDE5EF9FE59" box="[484,731,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="575">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38F74D54B6524F22FE56FEDE5E7CFE56" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1896" box="[484,606,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Smerdalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Smerdalea</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38F74D54B6524F22FDC0FEC15EF9FE59" box="[626,731,368,391]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Stegaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stegaspis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38F74D54B6524F22FC96FEDE5F8CFE56" authorityName="Stål" authorityYear="1869" box="[804,942,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Stylocentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6524F22FC96FEDE5F8CFE56" box="[804,942,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="575">Stylocentrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Cryan and Deitz 1999a, 1999b, 2000;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9B664B26B6524F22FF25FE245DD4FE72" author="McKamey, S. H. & Brodbeck, B. V." box="[151,502,404,429]" pageId="14" pageNumber="575" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref8110" refString="McKamey, S. H. & Brodbeck, B. V. (2013) Inmature stages and hosts of two plesiomorphic, Antilean genera of Membracidae (Hemiptera) and a new species of Antillotolania from Puerto Rico. Zookeys, 301, 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 301.4234" type="journal article" year="2013">McKamey and Brodbeck 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9B664B26B6524F22FDB1FE255F4AFE72" author="Florez-V, C. & Evangelista, O." box="[515,872,404,429]" pageId="14" pageNumber="575" pagination="22 - 57" refId="ref7925" refString="Florez-V, C. & Evangelista, O. (2017) New species in the treehopper genus Bocydium Latreille, with description of nymphal stages and observations on their natural history. Zootaxa, 4281 (1), 22 - 57. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4281.1.4" type="journal article" year="2017">Flórez-V and Evangelista 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Flórez-V unpublished data). Previously,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9B664B26B6524F22FAF2FE255D10FE0E" author="Dietrich, C. H. & McKamey, S. H. & Deitz, L. L." pageId="14" pageNumber="575" pagination="213 - 239" refId="ref7665" refString="Dietrich, C. H., McKamey, S. H. & Deitz, L. L. (2001) Morphology-based phylogeny of the treehopper family Membracidae (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Membracoidea). Systematic Entomology, 26, 213 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 3113.2001.00140. x" type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Dietrich
|
||
<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6524F22FF25FE085CFAFE0E" box="[151,216,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="575">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2001)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested the foliaceous ventrolateral lobes on the head of nymphs as a synapomorphy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38F74D54B6524F22FF25FE6D5D17FE2B" authorityName="Haupt" authorityYear="1929" box="[151,309,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Stegaspidinae">Stegaspidinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although some stegaspidines as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38F74D54B6524F22FD0DFE6D5F0DFE2B" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1829" box="[703,815,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Bocydium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6524F22FD0DFE6D5F0DFE2B" box="[703,815,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="575">Bocydium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibit smaller lobes (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9B664B26B6524F22FBC6FE6D5CF6FDC6" author="Florez-V, C. & Evangelista, O." pageId="14" pageNumber="575" pagination="22 - 57" refId="ref7925" refString="Florez-V, C. & Evangelista, O. (2017) New species in the treehopper genus Bocydium Latreille, with description of nymphal stages and observations on their natural history. Zootaxa, 4281 (1), 22 - 57. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4281.1.4" type="journal article" year="2017">Flórez-V and Evangelista 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The known
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38F74D54B6524F22FEC7FE4E5DFEFDC6" authorityName="Amyot & Audinet-Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[373,476,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Darninae">Darninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
nymphs do not present foliaceous ventrolateral lobes neither enlarged chalazae on margins of abdominal lamellae and have chalazae solely in the antero-dorsal margin of tibiae. Therefore, because the combination of features observed on the nymph of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38F74D54B6524F22FCAEFDF85FB4FDBE" authority="Flórez-V, 2019" authorityName="Flórez-V" authorityYear="2019" box="[796,918,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Problematode" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robertoi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6524F22FCAEFDF85FB4FDBE" box="[796,918,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="575">P. robertoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6524F22FC12FDF65FDFFDBE" bold="true" box="[928,1021,583,608]" pageId="14" pageNumber="575">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D6B057BEB6524F22FC12FDF65FDFFDBE" box="[928,1021,583,608]" pageId="14" pageNumber="575" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38F74D54B6524F22FBBDFDF6588EFDBE" authorityName=": Gaiani" authorityYear="2017" box="[1039,1196,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Problematode" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6524F22FBBDFDF6588EFDBE" box="[1039,1196,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="575">Problematode</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be placed as
|
||
<emphasis id="CD83EAC5B6524F22FF25FDDC5D17FD5B" box="[151,309,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="575">incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
||
within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38F74D54B6524F22FE20FDDD5E13FD5B" authorityName="Haupt" authorityYear="1929" box="[402,561,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Stegaspidinae">Stegaspidinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, proper taxonomic placement of the genus should be based on a family level phylogenetic study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |