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<document id="129DCFD102F34FD8B2FAD64485379DB3" ID-CLB-Dataset="35442" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.421.6664" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f73c2338-91af-4022-a3ab-abf9597cba07" ID-PMC="PMC4109474" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-421-139" ID-PubMed="25061383" ID-ZooBank="E09C5A85664A4305B82B45B960595BA1" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-421-139" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 421" ModsDocTitle="A revision of the genus Protorthodes McDunnough with descriptions of a new genus and four new species (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Eriopygini)" checkinTime="1451245671329" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lafontaine, J. Donald, Walsh, J. Bruce &amp; Ferris, Clifford D." docDate="2014" docId="B45238A8F277EEDC91FD131206B81DCD" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 421: 139-179" docOrigin="ZooKeys 421" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.421.6664" docTitle="Protorthodes rufula Grote 1874" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="152" masterDocId="FF925120D417AD5C7D46FF84ED57FF9A" masterDocTitle="A revision of the genus Protorthodes McDunnough with descriptions of a new genus and four new species (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Eriopygini)" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="139" pageNumber="152" updateTime="1701383659387" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="CEEB1336D3D783ED08D6B4A4A3AAB15B">A revision of the genus Protorthodes McDunnough with descriptions of a new genus and four new species (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Eriopygini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5C83F3729B109727F9721F9D26A2B708">Lafontaine, J. Donald</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="793E1EFB1744CACDB768FC57EFB288D2">Walsh, J. Bruce</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EF3149BE22C6341D2B022292092D4A77">Ferris, Clifford D.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="B45238A8F277EEDC91FD131206B81DCD" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152053855" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B45238A8F277EEDC91FD131206B81DCD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B45238A8F277EEDC91FD131206B81DCD" lastPageNumber="152" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">
<subSubSection id="43797BB258B9838FCD7DCE628170FCC5" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="82E04F2493CEF5DB35A5AD3846B87493" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">Taxon classification Animalia Lepidoptera Noctuidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="46D3E855ABCFC283B3E61CE1746B70E9" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8FDDBD38C97343A04D36A768E5FECE27" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">
<taxonomicName id="A33FB90595B35D10257F1EBE199A7550" ID-CoL="4N6ZP" authority="Grote, 1874" authorityName="Grote" authorityYear="1874" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes rufula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufula">Protorthodes rufula (Grote, 1874)</taxonomicName>
Figs 33-38, 66, 83; Map 10
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="43097B219A6247BE98666444DDECBCDF" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="1AE16922392F4482D6D5CFD9010D55E4" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">
<taxonomicName id="EED9CC3237A993D099EC6B55F0E7434F" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Dianthoecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dianthoecia rufula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufula">Dianthoecia rufula</taxonomicName>
Grote, 1874a: 64.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="07E1783ECE794F1045589C36B747B67F" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" type="type material">
<paragraph id="57CE4FFFC1726CD691806B804149398B" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8C4B430B12F020E951A84A9B7F8B38BE" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">
<taxonomicName id="F57828AD922D9264504BFB764BE2109A" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Dianthoecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dianthoecia rufula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufula">Dianthoecia rufula</taxonomicName>
: holotype ♀, BMNH, examined. Type locality: California, Oakland.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="953D54A5E98C94E436AD19095979ED74" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="EC5402A711D651CFB498FD2BB46E09A7" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A04F5BF4F680EAF5D5800B395D71754" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">
<taxonomicName id="2392E87C1E5F7DA0EEE152F79146E2BD" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes rufula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufula">Protorthodes rufula</taxonomicName>
is much more varied in color than
<taxonomicName id="7865AAFBB2AA44D0F82EE59B60B87A2E" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes perforata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perforata">Protorthodes perforata</taxonomicName>
with the forewing varying from pale whitish buff, through various shades of red and orange, to brown. Unlike in
<taxonomicName id="07DF0BB8F11CAA1613D729AED402687E" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes perforata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perforata">Protorthodes perforata</taxonomicName>
, almost all specimens show some areas or patches of rufous shading and the ground color is much more mottled in
<taxonomicName id="FDE7E842066C8F9A2BD19B29A8A7CF25" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes rufula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufula">Protorthodes rufula</taxonomicName>
. Forewing length ranges from 13 to 16 mm, averaging larger than in
<taxonomicName id="7B2D02BB012A2E987B6E57B64F2B6CDF" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes perforata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perforata">Protorthodes perforata</taxonomicName>
. In the male genitalia, the right digitus projects posteriorly beyond the end of the valve, whereas on the left valve it is shorter and projects posteroventrally below the valve; the ampulla of the clasper is evenly curved in a rounded arc on both valves; the dorsal lobe of the sacculus is elongated and narrow with the dorsal margin slightly concave and extending into a rounded densely setose lobe anteriorly. The vesica has a long cornutus about 1/3 from the base that projects along the axis of the vesica toward the end of the aedeagus. In the female genitalia the ostium bursae is covered by a heavily-sclerotized ventral plate that is lobed and convex posteriorly and concave where it meets the ductus bursae anteriorly; the ductus bursae is elongated, about 2
<normalizedToken id="E4E5879D024FFE842747CC7AE319C3C0" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as the ostial plate, and is sclerotized with elongated ridges and folds.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DE1D792613AA3D2A44893DCBE2D3DDED" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">
<paragraph id="7184FB9862DE6C356CE65125D8DFA2E1" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">
Figures 37-54.
<taxonomicName id="55F11E31872A6A5F78CF61882C35BB03" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Protorthodes</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="BAC463ED2428D91C97D530DC0A7EDF4B" genus="Nudorthordes" lsidName="Nudorthordes" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" rank="genus">Nudorthordes</taxonomicName>
adults 37
<taxonomicName id="BBEFDF483C63E0D4B8D7959E47BCAAE8" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes rufula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufula">Protorthodes rufula</taxonomicName>
♀, USA, California, Sonoma Co., Petaluma 38
<taxonomicName id="797385BA26025115DA2F569E1D523E65" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes rufula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufula">Protorthodes rufula</taxonomicName>
♀, USA, California, San Diego Co., Mira Mesa at Penasquitos Canyon 39
<taxonomicName id="3D8B9300456C79DD0B1BBD1AF97A2A59" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes ustulata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ustulata">Protorthodes ustulata</taxonomicName>
♂ paratype, USA, Colorado, Larimer Co., Viestenz-Smith Mtn Park W of Loveland, 5700' 40
<taxonomicName id="C6899940F2D92AFBD3551A29643CAEB1" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes ustulata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ustulata">Protorthodes ustulata</taxonomicName>
♀, USA, New Mexico, Grant Co., Signal Peak, 8020',
<geoCoordinate id="38107F598B9802B6BD1421B28469E829" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="32.927">32°55.62'N</geoCoordinate>
, 108°
<geoCoordinate id="CBD873D363E203EA571746CA4CE63147" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-9.91">09.91 W</geoCoordinate>
41
<taxonomicName id="0234CBD811F89339C4191356E25B60A5" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes alfkenii" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alfkenii">Protorthodes alfkenii</taxonomicName>
♀, USA, California, San Bernardino Co., San Bernardino Mts, Cactus Flats, 6100' 42
<taxonomicName id="66C2D54006D7BC6375D0FC2DE3781863" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes alfkenii" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alfkenii">Protorthodes alfkenii</taxonomicName>
♂, USA, Arizona, Cochise Co., Huachuca Mts, Carr Canyon, 5600' 43
<taxonomicName id="51A7BBCD57EEAB403BCE772B7EB89B66" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes alfkenii" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alfkenii">Protorthodes alfkenii</taxonomicName>
♀, USA, California, Ventura Co., Cuyama Valley, Apache Canyon 44
<taxonomicName id="3976C29391B527E20166405AF3F4E9B5" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes antennata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antennata">Protorthodes antennata</taxonomicName>
♂, USA, Arizona, Pima Co., Madera Canyon, 4600' 45
<taxonomicName id="C9E3E936B3FCEE03124C09FD54EE7682" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes antennata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antennata">Protorthodes antennata</taxonomicName>
♀, USA, Arizona, Pima Co., Baboquivari Mts 46
<taxonomicName id="738DE1D7502DA2EC1997554E8C712377" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Nudorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nudorthodes texana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texana">Nudorthodes texana</taxonomicName>
♂, USA, Texas, San Patricio Co., Sinton 47
<taxonomicName id="C77F9BD3FA7E59732EFF2683A2D7F8A6" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Nudorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nudorthodes texana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texana">Nudorthodes texana</taxonomicName>
♂, USA, Utah, Grand Co., Sego Canyon, 5900',
<geoCoordinate id="E0D3A40A265DA97D58D2B433BC6AD748" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="39.05">39°03.00'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="3A7EE9A6391227037D0587AEA9B45FC4" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-109.72366">109°43.42'W</geoCoordinate>
48
<taxonomicName id="F375BDE12C55DCF49CED59F4D3331B60" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Nudorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nudorthodes texana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texana">Nudorthodes texana</taxonomicName>
♂, USA, Nevada, Humboldt Co., Winnemucca Mts, 5600' 49
<taxonomicName id="4F073F471288A06265E72A8C7B29C43D" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Nudorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nudorthodes texana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texana">Nudorthodes texana</taxonomicName>
♂, USA, California, Yuma Co., Yuma 50
<taxonomicName id="74EA2BFCBB4F8CDB6BC51521255233D1" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Nudorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nudorthodes variabilis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variabilis">Nudorthodes variabilis</taxonomicName>
♂, USA, California, Los Angeles Co., La Tuna Canyon 51
<taxonomicName id="0C668DDEE0654F959AE463FDB732CEF3" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Nudorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nudorthodes variabilis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variabilis">Nudorthodes variabilis</taxonomicName>
♂, USA, California, San Diego Co., Mira Mesa 52
<taxonomicName id="CFF7F9F04B951AE8DDE2F28D71C2406C" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Nudorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nudorthodes molino" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="molino">Nudorthodes molino</taxonomicName>
holotype ♂, USA, Arizona, Pima Co., Santa Catalina Mts, mi 5.5 Mt. Lemon Hwy, 4400' 53
<taxonomicName id="C6B558EB98A1F8D95A488CB8702BC4F2" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Nudorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nudorthodes molino" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="molino">Nudorthodes molino</taxonomicName>
paratype ♀, USA, Arizona, Pima Co., Baboquivari Mts, Brown Canyon, 4100' 54
<taxonomicName id="F1772C9B721113BC635E11888BF59BAC" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Nudorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nudorthodes molino" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="molino">Nudorthodes molino</taxonomicName>
paratype ♀, USA, Arizona, Santa Catalina Mts, mi 5.7 Mt. Lemon Hwy, 4400'.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="C0A82F15EE00A1DF183CD62DEBA9E851" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">
<paragraph id="E7CC68C2EFDA6157E211064BC0EB93D4" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">
Figures 55-60.
<taxonomicName id="63C21A37B409D0D54791FEA2FB03F8AA" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Protorthodes</taxonomicName>
male genitalia. 55
<taxonomicName id="C8AE16ECEA9E9294CAA6DF0DF2DE67A2" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes curtica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtica">Protorthodes curtica</taxonomicName>
; CNC slide 15555 56
<taxonomicName id="2CA06DBC05EBA65DC54AD0CA5580D250" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes eureka" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eureka">Protorthodes eureka</taxonomicName>
; CNC slide 10889 57
<taxonomicName id="43EF7C3FA20D679B7A9DBE22D1ED280D" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes incincta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incincta">Protorthodes incincta</taxonomicName>
; CNC slide 15327 58
<taxonomicName id="8441C9F82A6E7C86D128785F4F80328D" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes argentoppida" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentoppida">Protorthodes argentoppida</taxonomicName>
; CNC slide 15237 59
<taxonomicName id="634D4855223E23626B598914B1C1FF01" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes mulina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mulina">Protorthodes mulina</taxonomicName>
; CNC slide 15576 60
<taxonomicName id="064FD484B4D88ACC13322BBE6EA220DA" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes oviduca" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oviduca">Protorthodes oviduca</taxonomicName>
; CNC slide 15238.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="F732181B73212226AE292CB97C3C5B13" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">
<paragraph id="B46B259562D90F0B2E41AA815AF47D19" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">
Figures 61-65.
<taxonomicName id="30896DA5C4E134E13552F65341218040" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Protorthodes</taxonomicName>
male genitalia. 61
<taxonomicName id="9678EA5837757B7B5F891117AD1A32D1" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes orobia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orobia">Protorthodes orobia</taxonomicName>
; CNC slide 15580 62
<taxonomicName id="E77E9D0F195641CA6A1981A6E2BFFDA5" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes melanopis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanopis">Protorthodes melanopis</taxonomicName>
; CNC slide 11603 63
<taxonomicName id="47E2BC4C52EE29ACAB22815F19779162" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes texicana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texicana">Protorthodes texicana</taxonomicName>
; CNC slide 15658 64
<taxonomicName id="0F502E53EA66A9C98FCCBC135F998839" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes mexicana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicana">Protorthodes mexicana</taxonomicName>
; CNC slide 11593 65
<taxonomicName id="F1EA2D9C07AD12811593204278584949" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes perforata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perforata">Protorthodes perforata</taxonomicName>
; CNC slide 11478.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="D71434224D76F2F673CE7CB13912BA88" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">
<paragraph id="32EE8A78AC2C0B246A5EE84E2B208E4F" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">
Figures 66-69.
<taxonomicName id="F78517C013D33810EA9F316B7715396C" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Protorthodes</taxonomicName>
male genitalia. 66
<taxonomicName id="72B64F6FA9E307060F84D14F5E6FDECD" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes rufula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufula">Protorthodes rufula</taxonomicName>
; CNC slide 11476 67
<taxonomicName id="ADCA59E06818DCF699E92115C8C1BDC6" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes ustulata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ustulata">Protorthodes ustulata</taxonomicName>
; CNC slide 16599 68
<taxonomicName id="23BED4CA492EDED76617CCE7A94DEFDE" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes alfkenii" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alfkenii">Protorthodes alfkenii</taxonomicName>
; CNC slide 11788 69
<taxonomicName id="E343C878689C08278F85C2874213833C" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes antennata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antennata">Protorthodes antennata</taxonomicName>
; CNC slide 16608.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="717AAEE5BA391C7E37BE182D89553E9F" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" type="distribution and biology">
<paragraph id="0251A9A13EDC6134258AA8BB368E9BEF" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">Distribution and biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DBA8438DDAEA4C18B14162433BDEC662" pageId="13" pageNumber="152">
<taxonomicName id="F81F5B6E33E19440B35583E2B0E7A935" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes rufula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufula">Protorthodes rufula</taxonomicName>
is a species of the far west with most records being from the Pacific Coast, and the coastal mountain ranges from northern Washington to southern California - to the west of the known range of
<taxonomicName id="3E96145139CA51EB6A1347F074245BF2" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Protorthodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protorthodes perforata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perforata">Protorthodes perforata</taxonomicName>
in southern California. Adults were collected from mid-April to mid-June in the North (from mid-February in southern California) and again from early August to late October. The larva was described by
<bibRefCitation id="E36EE8C541AE1A768B92B78007AD7956" author="Crumb, SE" journalOrPublisher="United States Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin" pageId="26" pageNumber="165" pagination="1 - 356" title="The larvae of the Phalaenidae." volume="1135" year="1956">Crumb (1956)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="C86C3DE6D5F14566F8DCA43C6E742DC3" author="Godfrey, GL" journalOrPublisher="United States Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin" pageId="26" pageNumber="165" pagination="1 - 265" title="A review and reclassification of larvae of the subfamily Hadeninae (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) of America north of Mexico." volume="1450" year="1972">Godfrey (1972)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>