700 lines
80 KiB
XML
700 lines
80 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.11646/megataxa.7.2.1" ID-ISSN="2703-3090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7441023" ID-ZooBank="2FD8C310-6486-4592-92F6-5EB894EBD6AC" checkinTime="1671098794254" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Scherz, Mark D., Crottini, Angelica, Hutter, Carl R., Hildenbrand, Andrea, Andreone, Franco, Fulgence, Thio Rosin, Köhler, Gunther, Ndriantsoa, Serge Herilala, Ohler, Annemarie, Preick, Michaela, Rakotoarison, Andolalao, Rancilhac, Loïs, Raselimanana, Achille P., Riemann, Jana C., Rödel, Mark-Oliver, Rosa, Gonçalo M., Streicher, Jeffrey W., Vieites, David R., Köhler, Jörn, Hofreiter, Michael, Glaw, Frank & Vences, Miguel" docDate="2022" docId="5F25F715FF5FFF484CB14DAF49987ACE" docLanguage="en" docName="megataxa.7.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Megataxa 7 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6687412" docStyle="DocumentStyle:50B6B96D96A55C21793B52C23E95B310.3:Megataxa.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="50B6B96D96A55C21793B52C23E95B310" docStyleName="Megataxa.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Mantidactylus georgei Scherz & Crottini & Hutter & Hildenbrand & Andreone & Fulgence & Köhler & Ndriantsoa & Ohler & Preick & Rakotoarison & Rancilhac & Raselimanana & Riemann & Rödel & Rosa & Streicher & Vieites & Köhler & Hofreiter & Glaw & Vences 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="247" masterDocId="A31C8F6DFFDCFFCE4C394B044D497F0B" masterDocTitle="An inordinate fondness for inconspicuous brown frogs: integration of phylogenomics, archival DNA analysis, morphology, and bioacoustics yields 24 new taxa in the subgenus Brygoomantis (genus Mantidactylus) from Madagascar" masterLastPageNumber="311" masterPageNumber="113" pageNumber="244" updateTime="1672856617530" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>An inordinate fondness for inconspicuous brown frogs: integration of phylogenomics, archival DNA analysis, morphology, and bioacoustics yields 24 new taxa in the subgenus Brygoomantis (genus Mantidactylus) from Madagascar</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Scherz, Mark D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Crottini, Angelica</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485 - 661 Vairão, Portugal</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Hutter, Carl R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0001-6381-6339</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Museum of Natural Sciences and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA Ễcarl. hutter @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6381 - 6339</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">USAỄcarl.hutter@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Hildenbrand, Andrea</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Hauptstr. 13, 82234 Wessling, Germany Ễandrea @ gutachten-hildenbrand. de</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">GermanyỄandrea@gutachten-hildenbrand.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Andreone, Franco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Via G. Giolitti, 36, 10123 Torino, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Fulgence, Thio Rosin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0001-7205-7282</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Natural and Environmental Sciences, Regional University Centre of the SAVA Region (CURSA), Antalaha, Madagascar Ễthiorosinf @ yahoo. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7205 - 7282</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">MadagascarỄthiorosinf@yahoo.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Köhler, Gunther</mods:namePart>
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ndriantsoa, Serge Herilala</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Ohler, Annemarie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Preick, Michaela</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rakotoarison, Andolalao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Mention Zoologie et Biodiversité Animale, Université d’Antananarivo, BP 906, Antananarivo, 101 Madagascar</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rancilhac, Loïs</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||
</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Raselimanana, Achille P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Mention Zoologie et Biodiversité Animale, Université d’Antananarivo, BP 906, Antananarivo, 101 Madagascar</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Riemann, Jana C.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||
</mods:role>
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||
<mods:namePart>Rödel, Mark-Oliver</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rosa, Gonçalo M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Streicher, Jeffrey W.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Vieites, David R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Köhler, Jörn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Hofreiter, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Glaw, Frank</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Vences, Miguel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>Megataxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2022-12-15</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>7</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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<mods:start>113</mods:start>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/megataxa.7.2.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">2703-3090</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7441023</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection box="[136,484,1707,1733]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="131.[136,484,1707,1733]" box="[136,484,1707,1733]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">
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<taxonomicName authority="Scherz & Crottini & Hutter & Hildenbrand & Andreone & Fulgence & Köhler & Ndriantsoa & Ohler & Preick & Rakotoarison & Rancilhac & Raselimanana & Riemann & Rödel & Rosa & Streicher & Vieites & Köhler & Hofreiter & Glaw & Vences, 2022" authorityName="Scherz & Crottini & Hutter & Hildenbrand & Andreone & Fulgence & Köhler & Ndriantsoa & Ohler & Preick & Rakotoarison & Rancilhac & Raselimanana & Riemann & Rödel & Rosa & Streicher & Vieites & Köhler & Hofreiter & Glaw & Vences" authorityYear="2022" box="[136,387,1707,1733]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="131" pageNumber="244" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="georgei" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[136,387,1707,1733]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">Mantidactylus georgei</emphasis>
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<emphasis box="[136,404,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">Identity and justification</emphasis>
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.—This lineage of the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Scherz & Crottini & Hutter & Hildenbrand & Andreone & Fulgence & Köhler & Ndriantsoa & Ohler & Preick & Rakotoarison & Rancilhac & Raselimanana & Riemann & Rödel & Rosa & Streicher & Vieites & Köhler & Hofreiter & Glaw & Vences" authorityYear="2022" box="[639,778,1771,1797]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="131" pageNumber="244" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fergusoni">
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<emphasis box="[639,778,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">M.fergusoni</emphasis>
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cladehaspreviouslybeenconsideredasconfirmedcandidate species
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<emphasis box="[224,255,1836,1861]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">M.</emphasis>
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sp. 36 by
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<bibRefCitation author="Vieites, D. R. & Wollenberg, K. C. & Andreone, F. & Glaw, F. & Vences, M." box="[368,589,1835,1861]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244" pagination="8267 - 8272" refId="ref134563" refString="Vieites, D. R., Wollenberg, K. C., Andreone, F., K ˆ hler, J., Glaw, F. & Vences, M. (2009) Vast underestimation of Madagascar's biodiversity evidenced by an integrative amphibian inventory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 106, 8267 - 8272. https: // doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 0810821106" type="journal article" year="2009">
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Vieites
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<emphasis box="[452,508,1835,1861]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">et al.</emphasis>
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(2009)
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and
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<emphasis box="[643,674,1836,1861]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">M.</emphasis>
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sp. Ca36 by
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<bibRefCitation author="Perl, R. G. B. & Nagy, Z. T. & Sonet, G. & Glaw, F. & Wollenberg, K. C. & Vences, M." box="[170,359,1867,1893]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244" pagination="197 - 206" refId="ref129051" refString="Perl, R. G. B., Nagy, Z. T., Sonet, G., Glaw, F., Wollenberg, K. C. & Vences, M. (2014) DNA barcoding Madagascar's amphibian fauna. Amphibia-Reptilia, 35, 197 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 15685381 - 00002942" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
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Perl
|
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<emphasis box="[221,276,1867,1893]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">et al.</emphasis>
|
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(2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
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. It was depicted as ‘
|
||
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|
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<emphasis box="[580,740,1867,1893]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">Mantidactylus</emphasis>
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sp.
|
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName box="[136,305,1899,1925]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="131" pageNumber="244" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="betsileanus">
|
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aff.
|
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<emphasis box="[179,305,1899,1925]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">betsileanus</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
“
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[322,449,1899,1925]" country="Madagascar" name="Toamasina" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">Toamasina</collectingRegion>
|
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”’ by
|
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<bibRefCitation author="Glaw, F. & Vences, M." box="[501,774,1899,1925]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244" refId="ref125641" refString="Glaw, F. & Vences, M. (2007) A Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar. Vences & Glaw Verlags GbR, Cologne, Germany, 496 pp. Third Edition." type="book" year="2007">Glaw and Vences (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. It was additionally referred to as
|
||
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|
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<emphasis box="[527,687,1931,1957]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">Mantidactylus</emphasis>
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sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="131" pageNumber="244" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="betsileanus">
|
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aff.
|
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<emphasis box="[136,262,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">betsileanus</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
[Ca
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[318,443,1963,1989]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AY848260" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">AY848260</accessionNumber>
|
||
] by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rosa, G. M. & Marquez, R. & Andreone, F." box="[495,693,1963,1989]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244" refId="ref131326" refString="Rosa, G. M., Marquez, R. & Andreone, F. (2011) The astonishing calls of the frogs of Betampona. Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali and Fonoteca Zoologica, Torino, Italy." type="book" year="2011">
|
||
Rosa
|
||
<emphasis box="[559,617,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rosa, G. M. & Andreone, F. & Crottini, A. & Hauswaldt, J. S. & Noel, J. & Rabibisoa, N. H. & Randriambahiniarime, M. O. & Rebelo, R. & Raxworthy, C. J." box="[705,766,1963,1989]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244" pagination="1531 - 1559" refId="ref131219" refString="Rosa, G. M., Andreone, F., Crottini, A., Hauswaldt, J. S., Noel, J., Rabibisoa, N. H., Randriambahiniarime, M. O., Rebelo, R. & Raxworthy, C. J. (2012) The amphibians of the relict Betampona low-elevation rainforest, eastern Madagascar: an application of the integrative taxonomy approach to biodiversity assessments. Biodiversity and Conservation, 21, 1531 - 1559. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10531 - 012 - 0262 - x" type="journal article" year="2012">2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It consists of frogs that are bioacoustically somewhat similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[255,420,2027,2053]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="131" pageNumber="244" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="betsileanus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[255,420,2027,2053]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">M. betsileanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but strongly differ in genetics and in various aspects of morphology and advertisement calls (
|
||
<tableCitation box="[881,970,1259,1285]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="54.[134,222,490,516]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="TABLE 4. Summary of the most important diagnostic characters of species in the Mantidactylus subgenus Brygoomantis. SVL is given only based on reliably sexed specimens, summarised and rounded to the nearest mm from original measurements in Tables 5‒11. Dorsolateral ridges are always weakly expressed in Brygoomantis, but clearly visible in some species while completely absent in others. Dorsal skin rugosity is estimated from pictures in life and can appear different in preservative: 0, smooth; 1, finely granular; 2, coarsely granular / tubercular. Webbing at toe 5 is given as 0, half or less than half of one phalanx free of web, not counting terminal phalanx (corresponding to numbers 0–0.5 in webbing formula); 1, about one phalanx free of web (0.75–1.25); 2, more than one phalanx free of web (1.5–2). (Yes) in parentheses indicates that the respective character state is found in some individuals of the respective species, and often only weakly expressed, while it is missing in others. Lat.met., state of the lateral metatarsalia, either separated (sep.) by webbing or connected (conn.) by tissue. NM, no measurements available. *For the advertisement calls of M. katae sp. nov. and M. fergusoni sp. nov., homology of call components remains unclear. Here, each unit is interpreted as single–pulse call (= single-pulse note) arranged in series (under this definition the provided pulse rate reflects call rate), but it would also be possible to consider the entire vocalization as single-note multi-pulsed call with very long duration, containing very widely spaced pulses. Values for pulse rate (pulses/second) are rounded. We here evaluate the presence versus absence of regular call series (last column), where regular series are considered as such, if calls are emitted at really regular intervals in series of similar duration containing a more or less defined number of calls. # In M. ambohimitombi, several unsexed individuals of the type series, probably females, reach sizes of up to 65 mm, being the largest of all Brygoomantis known. †One female of M. biporus of 19.3 mm SVL is probably a not fully mature specimen; other females of the species measure 31–36 mm SVL." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/83F3168BFFEAFFF84CBF4AEE4C717C8F" pageId="131" pageNumber="244" tableUuid="83F3168BFFEAFFF84CBF4AEE4C717C8F">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Scherz & Crottini & Hutter & Hildenbrand & Andreone & Fulgence & Köhler & Ndriantsoa & Ohler & Preick & Rakotoarison & Rancilhac & Raselimanana & Riemann & Rödel & Rosa & Streicher & Vieites & Köhler & Hofreiter & Glaw & Vences, 2022" authorityName="Scherz & Crottini & Hutter & Hildenbrand & Andreone & Fulgence & Köhler & Ndriantsoa & Ohler & Preick & Rakotoarison & Rancilhac & Raselimanana & Riemann & Rödel & Rosa & Streicher & Vieites & Köhler & Hofreiter & Glaw & Vences" authorityYear="2022" box="[994,1250,1259,1285]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="131" pageNumber="244" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="georgei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[994,1250,1259,1285]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">Mantidactylus georgei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1260,1353,1259,1285]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1260,1353,1259,1285]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
forms a clade with another lineage from Maroantsetra considered as confirmed candidate species
|
||
<emphasis box="[1180,1211,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">M.</emphasis>
|
||
sp. 35 by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vieites, D. R. & Wollenberg, K. C. & Andreone, F. & Glaw, F. & Vences, M." pageId="131" pageNumber="244" pagination="8267 - 8272" refId="ref134563" refString="Vieites, D. R., Wollenberg, K. C., Andreone, F., K ˆ hler, J., Glaw, F. & Vences, M. (2009) Vast underestimation of Madagascar's biodiversity evidenced by an integrative amphibian inventory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 106, 8267 - 8272. https: // doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 0810821106" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Vieites
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis box="[982,1013,1356,1381]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">M.</emphasis>
|
||
sp. Ca35 by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Perl, R. G. B. & Nagy, Z. T. & Sonet, G. & Glaw, F. & Wollenberg, K. C. & Vences, M." box="[1169,1369,1355,1381]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244" pagination="197 - 206" refId="ref129051" refString="Perl, R. G. B., Nagy, Z. T., Sonet, G., Glaw, F., Wollenberg, K. C. & Vences, M. (2014) DNA barcoding Madagascar's amphibian fauna. Amphibia-Reptilia, 35, 197 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 15685381 - 00002942" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Perl
|
||
<emphasis box="[1224,1283,1355,1381]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, which we here consider to be a deep conspecific lineage. Due to the high genetic divergence and distinct bioacoustic differentiation of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Scherz & Crottini & Hutter & Hildenbrand & Andreone & Fulgence & Köhler & Ndriantsoa & Ohler & Preick & Rakotoarison & Rancilhac & Raselimanana & Riemann & Rödel & Rosa & Streicher & Vieites & Köhler & Hofreiter & Glaw & Vences, 2022" authorityName="Scherz & Crottini & Hutter & Hildenbrand & Andreone & Fulgence & Köhler & Ndriantsoa & Ohler & Preick & Rakotoarison & Rancilhac & Raselimanana & Riemann & Rödel & Rosa & Streicher & Vieites & Köhler & Hofreiter & Glaw & Vences" authorityYear="2022" box="[1010,1134,1452,1477]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="131" pageNumber="244" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="georgei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1010,1134,1452,1477]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">M. georgei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1143,1234,1451,1477]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1143,1234,1451,1477]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
to other species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Scherz & Crottini & Hutter & Hildenbrand & Andreone & Fulgence & Köhler & Ndriantsoa & Ohler & Preick & Rakotoarison & Rancilhac & Raselimanana & Riemann & Rödel & Rosa & Streicher & Vieites & Köhler & Hofreiter & Glaw & Vences" authorityYear="2022" box="[851,994,1483,1509]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="131" pageNumber="244" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fergusoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[851,994,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">M. fergusoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade, its status as distinct species is out of question.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="133" lastPageNumber="246" pageId="131" pageNumber="244" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="131.[810,1452,1259,2085]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="AY848261" collectingDate="2004-02-23" collectionCode="ZSM, ZCMV" collectorName="M. Vences" country="Madagascar" elevation="22" latitude="-18.167" location="Antsinanana Region" longLatPrecision="76" longitude="49.383" municipality="GenBank" pageId="131" pageNumber="244" specimenCode="455/2005, 806" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Toamasina" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis box="[858,993,1547,1573]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[858,960,1547,1573]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.—
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode box="[992,1050,1547,1573]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">ZSM</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode box="[1056,1162,1547,1574]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">455/2005</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1177,1258,1547,1573]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">ZCMV</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode box="[1263,1309,1547,1573]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">806</specimenCode>
|
||
), adult
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1390,1447,1547,1573]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244" type="male">male</specimenCount>
|
||
, collected on
|
||
<date box="[959,1164,1579,1605]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244" value="2004-02-23">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[959,1164,1579,1605]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244" value="2004-02-23">23 February 2004</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
by
|
||
<collectorName box="[1212,1332,1579,1605]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">M. Vences</collectorName>
|
||
ca 10 km north of Toamasina (coordinates not taken; coordinates of
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[846,967,1643,1669]" country="Madagascar" name="Toamasina" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">Toamasina</collectingRegion>
|
||
city:
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1043,1149,1643,1669]" degrees="18.167" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="131" pageNumber="244" precision="55" value="-18.167">18.167°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1167,1289,1643,1669]" degrees="049.383" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="131" pageNumber="244" precision="55" value="49.383">049.383°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation box="[1307,1436,1643,1669]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="131" pageNumber="244" unit="m" value="22.0">
|
||
<quantity box="[1307,1370,1643,1669]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="131" pageNumber="244" unit="m" value="22.0">22 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
),
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5F25F715FF5FFF484CB14DAF49987ACE:D25310D8FF5FFF4D4F134D8F494479AE" box="[810,1037,1675,1701]" country="Madagascar" latitude="-18.167" longLatPrecision="76" longitude="49.383" municipality="GenBank" name="Antsinanana Region" pageId="131" pageNumber="244" stateProvince="Toamasina">Antsinanana Region</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1045,1182,1675,1701]" name="Madagascar" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
.A 16S barcode sequence of the holotype is available from GenBank (accession
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[810,937,1739,1765]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AY848261" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">AY848261</accessionNumber>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="131.[810,1452,1259,2085]" lastBlockId="133.[136,778,1355,2085]" lastPageId="133" lastPageNumber="246" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2007-02-21" collectingDateMax="2007-11-17" collectingDateMin="2007-02-21" collectionCode="ZSM, ZCMV, MRSN" collectorName="G. M. Rosa & J. Noel" latitude="-17.9186" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="49.2103" pageId="131" pageNumber="244" specimenCode="456/2005, 807, A6213, A6223" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis box="[858,969,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[858,969,1772,1797]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.—A total of
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1120,1152,1771,1797]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">six</specimenCount>
|
||
paratypes:
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1282,1339,1771,1797]" collectionName="Germany, Muenchen [= Munich], Zoologische Staatssammlung" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">ZSM</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode box="[1348,1451,1771,1798]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">456/2005</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[819,899,1803,1829]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">ZCMV</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode box="[909,953,1803,1829]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">807</specimenCode>
|
||
), an adult
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1078,1131,1803,1829]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244" type="male">male</specimenCount>
|
||
with similar collection data to the holotype;
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1002,1080,1835,1861]" collectionName="Italy, Torino, Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">MRSN</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode box="[1091,1168,1835,1861]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">A6213</specimenCode>
|
||
, adult
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1250,1306,1835,1861]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244" type="male">male</specimenCount>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1373,1452,1835,1861]" collectionName="Italy, Torino, Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">MRSN</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode box="[810,887,1867,1893]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">A6223</specimenCode>
|
||
, adult
|
||
<specimenCount box="[962,1039,1867,1893]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244" type="female">female</specimenCount>
|
||
, both from
|
||
<collectorName box="[1170,1298,1867,1893]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">Betampona</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[1309,1451,1867,1893]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">Maintimbato</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[818,937,1899,1925]" degrees="17.8940" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="131" pageNumber="244" precision="5" value="-17.894">17.8940°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[953,1073,1899,1925]" degrees="49.2283" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="131" pageNumber="244" precision="5" value="49.2283">49.2283°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), collected on
|
||
<date box="[1246,1451,1899,1925]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244" value="2007-02-21">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[1246,1451,1899,1925]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244" value="2007-02-21">21 February 2007</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
by
|
||
<collectorName box="[849,975,1931,1957]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">G.M. Rosa</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName box="[1039,1125,1931,1957]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">J. Noël</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2007-11-17" collectionCode="MRSN" collectorName="M. Vences" latitude="-17.9186" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="49.2103" pageId="131" pageNumber="244" specimenCode="A6341" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1141,1219,1931,1957]" collectionName="Italy, Torino, Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">MRSN</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode box="[1230,1307,1931,1957]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">A6341</specimenCode>
|
||
, adult
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1391,1447,1931,1957]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244" type="male">male</specimenCount>
|
||
, with same locality and collectors as previous specimens but collected on
|
||
<date box="[1002,1224,1995,2021]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244" value="2007-11-17">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[1002,1224,1995,2021]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244" value="2007-11-17">17 November 2007</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2007-02-21" collectionCode="MRSN" collectorName="G. M. Rosa & J. Noel" lastPageId="133" lastPageNumber="246" latitude="-17.9186" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="49.2103" pageId="131" pageNumber="244" specimenCode="A6217, A6599" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1239,1317,1995,2021]" collectionName="Italy, Torino, Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">MRSN</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode box="[1326,1401,1995,2021]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">A6217</specimenCode>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectionCode box="[810,888,2027,2053]" collectionName="Italy, Torino, Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">MRSN</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode box="[895,972,2027,2054]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">A6599</specimenCode>
|
||
, adult
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1048,1115,2027,2053]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244" type="male">males</specimenCount>
|
||
, both collected at
|
||
<collectorName box="[1319,1447,2027,2053]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">Betampona</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[810,956,2059,2085]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">Rendrirendry</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[982,1101,2059,2085]" degrees="17.9186" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="131" pageNumber="244" precision="5" value="-17.9186">17.9186°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1123,1244,2059,2085]" degrees="49.2103" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="131" pageNumber="244" precision="5" value="49.2103">49.2103°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), by
|
||
<collectorName box="[1320,1451,2059,2085]" pageId="131" pageNumber="244">G.M. Rosa</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName box="[185,269,1355,1381]" pageId="133" pageNumber="246">J. Noël</collectorName>
|
||
, on
|
||
<collectingDate box="[320,774,1355,1381]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="246">
|
||
<date box="[320,494,1355,1381]" pageId="133" pageNumber="246" value="2007-03-23">23 March 2007</date>
|
||
and
|
||
<date box="[553,774,1355,1381]" pageId="133" pageNumber="246" value="2007-11-30">30 November 2007</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
, respectively
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7441148" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7441148" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7441148/files/figure.png" pageId="132" pageNumber="245" startId="132.[136,235,1553,1577]" targetBox="[151,1436,185,1533]" targetPageId="132">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="132.[136,1452,1553,1737]" pageId="132" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,273,1553,1577]" pageId="132" pageNumber="245">FIGURE 51.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Scherz & Crottini & Hutter & Hildenbrand & Andreone & Fulgence & Köhler & Ndriantsoa & Ohler & Preick & Rakotoarison & Rancilhac & Raselimanana & Riemann & Rödel & Rosa & Streicher & Vieites & Köhler & Hofreiter & Glaw & Vences, 2022" authorityName="Scherz & Crottini & Hutter & Hildenbrand & Andreone & Fulgence & Köhler & Ndriantsoa & Ohler & Preick & Rakotoarison & Rancilhac & Raselimanana & Riemann & Rödel & Rosa & Streicher & Vieites & Köhler & Hofreiter & Glaw & Vences" authorityYear="2022" box="[279,506,1553,1577]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="132" pageNumber="245" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="georgei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[279,506,1553,1577]" italics="true" pageId="132" pageNumber="245">Mantidactylus georgei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[512,593,1553,1577]" pageId="132" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[512,593,1553,1577]" pageId="132" pageNumber="245" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in life, in dorsolateral and ventral view. (a,b) Adult male (holotype ZSM 455/2005 = ZCMV 806), from near Toamasina, photographed in 2004. (c,d) Adult female (probably corresponding to ZMA 19496 = FGMV 2002.2259, not DNA barcoded), from near Toamasina, photographed in 2003. (e,f) Adult male (paratype ZSM 456/2005 = ZCMV 807), from near Toamasina, photographed in 2004. (g,h) Adult male (FAZC 13917) from Betampona. (i,j) Adult female (FAZC 13973) from Betampona. (k,l) Adult male from Maroantsetra, photographed in 2003. (m,n) Adult female from Maroantsetra, photographed in 2003.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7441150" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7441150" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7441150/files/figure.png" pageId="133" pageNumber="246" startId="133.[136,235,1197,1221]" targetBox="[151,1435,186,1130]" targetPageId="133">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="133.[136,1452,1197,1285]" pageId="133" pageNumber="246">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,272,1197,1221]" pageId="133" pageNumber="246">FIGURE 52.</emphasis>
|
||
Audiospectrogram and corresponding oscillogram of a 1000 ms section of the advertisement call (call duration 2195 ms) of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Scherz & Crottini & Hutter & Hildenbrand & Andreone & Fulgence & Köhler & Ndriantsoa & Ohler & Preick & Rakotoarison & Rancilhac & Raselimanana & Riemann & Rödel & Rosa & Streicher & Vieites & Köhler & Hofreiter & Glaw & Vences" authorityYear="2022" box="[213,443,1229,1253]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="133" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="georgei">
|
||
<emphasis box="[213,443,1229,1253]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="246">Mantidactylus georgei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, recorded from the holotype on 29 February 2004 north of Toamasina (25.2°C air temperature). Recording bandpass-filtered at 500–4100 Hz.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="133.[136,778,1355,2085]" pageId="133" pageNumber="246">
|
||
<emphasis box="[184,408,1419,1445]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="246">Additional material</emphasis>
|
||
.—
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2004-02-24" collectionCode="ZSM, ZCMV" collectorName="M. Vences" elevation="10" latitude="-15.4456" location="Maroantsetra" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="49.7375" pageId="133" pageNumber="246" specimenCode="454/2005, 803" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<collectionCode box="[442,500,1419,1445]" collectionName="Germany, Muenchen [= Munich], Zoologische Staatssammlung" pageId="133" pageNumber="246">ZSM</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode box="[510,616,1419,1446]" pageId="133" pageNumber="246">454/2005</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[636,717,1419,1445]" pageId="133" pageNumber="246">ZCMV</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode box="[726,769,1419,1445]" pageId="133" pageNumber="246">803</specimenCode>
|
||
) an adult
|
||
<specimenCount box="[242,296,1451,1477]" pageId="133" pageNumber="246" type="male">male</specimenCount>
|
||
from a genetically divergent population, collected by
|
||
<collectorName box="[307,439,1483,1509]" pageId="133" pageNumber="246">M. Vences</collectorName>
|
||
on
|
||
<date box="[509,736,1483,1509]" pageId="133" pageNumber="246" value="2004-02-24">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[509,736,1483,1509]" pageId="133" pageNumber="246" value="2004-02-24">24 February 2004</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
at
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5F25F715FF5FFF484CB14DAF49987ACE:D25310D8FF59FF4B4CB14EEF4C55790E" box="[136,284,1515,1541]" latitude="-15.4456" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="49.7375" name="Maroantsetra" pageId="133" pageNumber="246">Maroantsetra</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[299,420,1515,1542]" degrees="15.4456" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="133" pageNumber="246" precision="5" value="-15.4456">15.4456°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[431,568,1515,1542]" degrees="049.7375" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="133" pageNumber="246" precision="5" value="49.7375">049.7375°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[578,635,1515,1541]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="133" pageNumber="246" unit="m" value="10.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[578,635,1515,1541]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="133" pageNumber="246" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2003-02-10" collectionCode="ZMA, FGMV" collectorName="M. Vences" location="Tomasina" pageId="133" pageNumber="246" specimenCode="19496, 2002.2259" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||
<collectionCode box="[717,778,1515,1541]" pageId="133" pageNumber="246">ZMA</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode box="[136,206,1547,1573]" pageId="133" pageNumber="246">19496</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[225,308,1547,1573]" pageId="133" pageNumber="246">FGMV</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode box="[318,440,1547,1574]" pageId="133" pageNumber="246">2002.2259</specimenCode>
|
||
, adult
|
||
<specimenCount box="[523,602,1547,1573]" pageId="133" pageNumber="246" type="female">female</specimenCount>
|
||
, collected near
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5F25F715FF5FFF484CB14DAF49987ACE:D25310D8FF59FF4B4CB14D2F4DBD794E" box="[136,244,1579,1605]" name="Tomasina" pageId="133" pageNumber="246">Tomasina</location>
|
||
by
|
||
<collectorName box="[289,408,1579,1605]" pageId="133" pageNumber="246">M. Vences</collectorName>
|
||
on
|
||
<date box="[453,654,1579,1605]" pageId="133" pageNumber="246" value="2003-02-10">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[453,654,1579,1605]" pageId="133" pageNumber="246" value="2003-02-10">10 February 2003</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(specimen not DNA barcoded).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="133" pageNumber="246" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="133.[136,778,1355,2085]" lastBlockId="133.[810,1452,1355,2085]" pageId="133" pageNumber="246">
|
||
<emphasis box="[184,298,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="246">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.—
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Scherz & Crottini & Hutter & Hildenbrand & Andreone & Fulgence & Köhler & Ndriantsoa & Ohler & Preick & Rakotoarison & Rancilhac & Raselimanana & Riemann & Rödel & Rosa & Streicher & Vieites & Köhler & Hofreiter & Glaw & Vences, 2022" authorityName="Scherz & Crottini & Hutter & Hildenbrand & Andreone & Fulgence & Köhler & Ndriantsoa & Ohler & Preick & Rakotoarison & Rancilhac & Raselimanana & Riemann & Rödel & Rosa & Streicher & Vieites & Köhler & Hofreiter & Glaw & Vences" authorityYear="2022" box="[333,603,1643,1669]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidacytlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="133" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="georgei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[333,603,1643,1669]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="246">Mantidacytlus georgei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[627,734,1643,1669]" pageId="133" pageNumber="246">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[627,734,1643,1669]" pageId="133" pageNumber="246" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is a member of the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Scherz & Crottini & Hutter & Hildenbrand & Andreone & Fulgence & Köhler & Ndriantsoa & Ohler & Preick & Rakotoarison & Rancilhac & Raselimanana & Riemann & Rödel & Rosa & Streicher & Vieites & Köhler & Hofreiter & Glaw & Vences" authorityYear="2022" box="[340,486,1675,1701]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="133" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fergusoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[340,486,1675,1701]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="246">M. fergusoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade as revealed by the phylogenomic analysis, and splits from a basal node of this clade. See
|
||
<tableCitation box="[260,344,1739,1765]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="54.[134,222,490,516]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="TABLE 4. Summary of the most important diagnostic characters of species in the Mantidactylus subgenus Brygoomantis. SVL is given only based on reliably sexed specimens, summarised and rounded to the nearest mm from original measurements in Tables 5‒11. Dorsolateral ridges are always weakly expressed in Brygoomantis, but clearly visible in some species while completely absent in others. Dorsal skin rugosity is estimated from pictures in life and can appear different in preservative: 0, smooth; 1, finely granular; 2, coarsely granular / tubercular. Webbing at toe 5 is given as 0, half or less than half of one phalanx free of web, not counting terminal phalanx (corresponding to numbers 0–0.5 in webbing formula); 1, about one phalanx free of web (0.75–1.25); 2, more than one phalanx free of web (1.5–2). (Yes) in parentheses indicates that the respective character state is found in some individuals of the respective species, and often only weakly expressed, while it is missing in others. Lat.met., state of the lateral metatarsalia, either separated (sep.) by webbing or connected (conn.) by tissue. NM, no measurements available. *For the advertisement calls of M. katae sp. nov. and M. fergusoni sp. nov., homology of call components remains unclear. Here, each unit is interpreted as single–pulse call (= single-pulse note) arranged in series (under this definition the provided pulse rate reflects call rate), but it would also be possible to consider the entire vocalization as single-note multi-pulsed call with very long duration, containing very widely spaced pulses. Values for pulse rate (pulses/second) are rounded. We here evaluate the presence versus absence of regular call series (last column), where regular series are considered as such, if calls are emitted at really regular intervals in series of similar duration containing a more or less defined number of calls. # In M. ambohimitombi, several unsexed individuals of the type series, probably females, reach sizes of up to 65 mm, being the largest of all Brygoomantis known. †One female of M. biporus of 19.3 mm SVL is probably a not fully mature specimen; other females of the species measure 31–36 mm SVL." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/83F3168BFFEAFFF84CBF4AEE4C717C8F" pageId="133" pageNumber="246" tableUuid="83F3168BFFEAFFF84CBF4AEE4C717C8F">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
for a list of diagnostic morphological characters. The combination of small to moderate body size in males (SVL up to
|
||
<quantity box="[502,630,1803,1829]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="133" pageNumber="246" unit="mm" value="29.5" valueMax="31.0" valueMin="28.0">28–31 mm</quantity>
|
||
), moderately tubercular dorsal skin, large tympanum size in males (13– 15% of SVL), absence of white spots on flanks, presence of a white marking on the snout tip of many individuals (especially males), and advertisement call consisting of a single, relatively long and pulsed note distinguishes
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Scherz & Crottini & Hutter & Hildenbrand & Andreone & Fulgence & Köhler & Ndriantsoa & Ohler & Preick & Rakotoarison & Rancilhac & Raselimanana & Riemann & Rödel & Rosa & Streicher & Vieites & Köhler & Hofreiter & Glaw & Vences, 2022" authorityName="Scherz & Crottini & Hutter & Hildenbrand & Andreone & Fulgence & Köhler & Ndriantsoa & Ohler & Preick & Rakotoarison & Rancilhac & Raselimanana & Riemann & Rödel & Rosa & Streicher & Vieites & Köhler & Hofreiter & Glaw & Vences" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidacytlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="133" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="georgei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="246">M. georgei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[232,325,1995,2021]" pageId="133" pageNumber="246">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[232,325,1995,2021]" pageId="133" pageNumber="246" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from most species of the other clades (
|
||
<tableCitation box="[145,234,2027,2053]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="54.[134,222,490,516]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="TABLE 4. Summary of the most important diagnostic characters of species in the Mantidactylus subgenus Brygoomantis. SVL is given only based on reliably sexed specimens, summarised and rounded to the nearest mm from original measurements in Tables 5‒11. Dorsolateral ridges are always weakly expressed in Brygoomantis, but clearly visible in some species while completely absent in others. Dorsal skin rugosity is estimated from pictures in life and can appear different in preservative: 0, smooth; 1, finely granular; 2, coarsely granular / tubercular. Webbing at toe 5 is given as 0, half or less than half of one phalanx free of web, not counting terminal phalanx (corresponding to numbers 0–0.5 in webbing formula); 1, about one phalanx free of web (0.75–1.25); 2, more than one phalanx free of web (1.5–2). (Yes) in parentheses indicates that the respective character state is found in some individuals of the respective species, and often only weakly expressed, while it is missing in others. Lat.met., state of the lateral metatarsalia, either separated (sep.) by webbing or connected (conn.) by tissue. NM, no measurements available. *For the advertisement calls of M. katae sp. nov. and M. fergusoni sp. nov., homology of call components remains unclear. Here, each unit is interpreted as single–pulse call (= single-pulse note) arranged in series (under this definition the provided pulse rate reflects call rate), but it would also be possible to consider the entire vocalization as single-note multi-pulsed call with very long duration, containing very widely spaced pulses. Values for pulse rate (pulses/second) are rounded. We here evaluate the presence versus absence of regular call series (last column), where regular series are considered as such, if calls are emitted at really regular intervals in series of similar duration containing a more or less defined number of calls. # In M. ambohimitombi, several unsexed individuals of the type series, probably females, reach sizes of up to 65 mm, being the largest of all Brygoomantis known. †One female of M. biporus of 19.3 mm SVL is probably a not fully mature specimen; other females of the species measure 31–36 mm SVL." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/83F3168BFFEAFFF84CBF4AEE4C717C8F" pageId="133" pageNumber="246" tableUuid="83F3168BFFEAFFF84CBF4AEE4C717C8F">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
). Two species from the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[514,659,2027,2053]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="133" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ulcerosus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[514,659,2027,2053]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="246">M. ulcerosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="133" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ulcerosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="246">M. ulcerosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mocquard" authorityYear="1895" box="[300,400,2059,2085]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="133" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bellyi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[300,400,2059,2085]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="246">M. bellyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) can be morphologically similar, but they occur in the Sambirano and North West regions, and exhibit higher pulse repetition rates in advertisement calls (
|
||
<tableCitation box="[879,966,1419,1445]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="54.[134,222,490,516]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="TABLE 4. Summary of the most important diagnostic characters of species in the Mantidactylus subgenus Brygoomantis. SVL is given only based on reliably sexed specimens, summarised and rounded to the nearest mm from original measurements in Tables 5‒11. Dorsolateral ridges are always weakly expressed in Brygoomantis, but clearly visible in some species while completely absent in others. Dorsal skin rugosity is estimated from pictures in life and can appear different in preservative: 0, smooth; 1, finely granular; 2, coarsely granular / tubercular. Webbing at toe 5 is given as 0, half or less than half of one phalanx free of web, not counting terminal phalanx (corresponding to numbers 0–0.5 in webbing formula); 1, about one phalanx free of web (0.75–1.25); 2, more than one phalanx free of web (1.5–2). (Yes) in parentheses indicates that the respective character state is found in some individuals of the respective species, and often only weakly expressed, while it is missing in others. Lat.met., state of the lateral metatarsalia, either separated (sep.) by webbing or connected (conn.) by tissue. NM, no measurements available. *For the advertisement calls of M. katae sp. nov. and M. fergusoni sp. nov., homology of call components remains unclear. Here, each unit is interpreted as single–pulse call (= single-pulse note) arranged in series (under this definition the provided pulse rate reflects call rate), but it would also be possible to consider the entire vocalization as single-note multi-pulsed call with very long duration, containing very widely spaced pulses. Values for pulse rate (pulses/second) are rounded. We here evaluate the presence versus absence of regular call series (last column), where regular series are considered as such, if calls are emitted at really regular intervals in series of similar duration containing a more or less defined number of calls. # In M. ambohimitombi, several unsexed individuals of the type series, probably females, reach sizes of up to 65 mm, being the largest of all Brygoomantis known. †One female of M. biporus of 19.3 mm SVL is probably a not fully mature specimen; other females of the species measure 31–36 mm SVL." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/83F3168BFFEAFFF84CBF4AEE4C717C8F" pageId="133" pageNumber="246" tableUuid="83F3168BFFEAFFF84CBF4AEE4C717C8F">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Scherz & Crottini & Hutter & Hildenbrand & Andreone & Fulgence & Köhler & Ndriantsoa & Ohler & Preick & Rakotoarison & Rancilhac & Raselimanana & Riemann & Rödel & Rosa & Streicher & Vieites & Köhler & Hofreiter & Glaw & Vences, 2022" authorityName="Scherz & Crottini & Hutter & Hildenbrand & Andreone & Fulgence & Köhler & Ndriantsoa & Ohler & Preick & Rakotoarison & Rancilhac & Raselimanana & Riemann & Rödel & Rosa & Streicher & Vieites & Köhler & Hofreiter & Glaw & Vences" authorityYear="2022" box="[988,1111,1420,1445]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidacytlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="133" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="georgei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[988,1111,1420,1445]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="246">M. georgei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1119,1210,1419,1445]" pageId="133" pageNumber="246">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1119,1210,1419,1445]" pageId="133" pageNumber="246" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
shows similarities to species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[971,1134,1451,1477]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="133" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="betsileanus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[971,1134,1451,1477]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="246">M. betsileanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade but in general it has a more tubercular dorsum and differs from most of these by advertisement call structure (
|
||
<tableCitation box="[1193,1284,1515,1541]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="54.[134,222,490,516]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="TABLE 4. Summary of the most important diagnostic characters of species in the Mantidactylus subgenus Brygoomantis. SVL is given only based on reliably sexed specimens, summarised and rounded to the nearest mm from original measurements in Tables 5‒11. Dorsolateral ridges are always weakly expressed in Brygoomantis, but clearly visible in some species while completely absent in others. Dorsal skin rugosity is estimated from pictures in life and can appear different in preservative: 0, smooth; 1, finely granular; 2, coarsely granular / tubercular. Webbing at toe 5 is given as 0, half or less than half of one phalanx free of web, not counting terminal phalanx (corresponding to numbers 0–0.5 in webbing formula); 1, about one phalanx free of web (0.75–1.25); 2, more than one phalanx free of web (1.5–2). (Yes) in parentheses indicates that the respective character state is found in some individuals of the respective species, and often only weakly expressed, while it is missing in others. Lat.met., state of the lateral metatarsalia, either separated (sep.) by webbing or connected (conn.) by tissue. NM, no measurements available. *For the advertisement calls of M. katae sp. nov. and M. fergusoni sp. nov., homology of call components remains unclear. Here, each unit is interpreted as single–pulse call (= single-pulse note) arranged in series (under this definition the provided pulse rate reflects call rate), but it would also be possible to consider the entire vocalization as single-note multi-pulsed call with very long duration, containing very widely spaced pulses. Values for pulse rate (pulses/second) are rounded. We here evaluate the presence versus absence of regular call series (last column), where regular series are considered as such, if calls are emitted at really regular intervals in series of similar duration containing a more or less defined number of calls. # In M. ambohimitombi, several unsexed individuals of the type series, probably females, reach sizes of up to 65 mm, being the largest of all Brygoomantis known. †One female of M. biporus of 19.3 mm SVL is probably a not fully mature specimen; other females of the species measure 31–36 mm SVL." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/83F3168BFFEAFFF84CBF4AEE4C717C8F" pageId="133" pageNumber="246" tableUuid="83F3168BFFEAFFF84CBF4AEE4C717C8F">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
); furthermore, sympatry with species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1174,1345,1547,1573]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="133" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="betsileanus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1174,1345,1547,1573]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="246">M. betsileanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade is rare, and is only known from Betampona where the new species co-occurs with
|
||
<emphasis box="[1091,1269,1611,1637]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="246">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1091,1266,1611,1637]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="133" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="betsileanus">M. betsileanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Within the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Scherz & Crottini & Hutter & Hildenbrand & Andreone & Fulgence & Köhler & Ndriantsoa & Ohler & Preick & Rakotoarison & Rancilhac & Raselimanana & Riemann & Rödel & Rosa & Streicher & Vieites & Köhler & Hofreiter & Glaw & Vences" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="133" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fergusoni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="246">M. fergusoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade, it strongly differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Scherz & Crottini & Hutter & Hildenbrand & Andreone & Fulgence & Köhler & Ndriantsoa & Ohler & Preick & Rakotoarison & Rancilhac & Raselimanana & Riemann & Rödel & Rosa & Streicher & Vieites & Köhler & Hofreiter & Glaw & Vences" authorityYear="2022" box="[1275,1420,1643,1669]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="133" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fergusoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1275,1420,1643,1669]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="246">M. fergusoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in advertisement call structure, and by the more common presence of a white marking on the snout tip. For a distinction from other new species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Scherz & Crottini & Hutter & Hildenbrand & Andreone & Fulgence & Köhler & Ndriantsoa & Ohler & Preick & Rakotoarison & Rancilhac & Raselimanana & Riemann & Rödel & Rosa & Streicher & Vieites & Köhler & Hofreiter & Glaw & Vences" authorityYear="2022" box="[1305,1452,1739,1765]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="133" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fergusoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1305,1452,1739,1765]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="246">M. fergusoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade, see below. A full list of molecular diagnostic sites in the 16S gene of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Scherz & Crottini & Hutter & Hildenbrand & Andreone & Fulgence & Köhler & Ndriantsoa & Ohler & Preick & Rakotoarison & Rancilhac & Raselimanana & Riemann & Rödel & Rosa & Streicher & Vieites & Köhler & Hofreiter & Glaw & Vences, 2022" authorityName="Scherz & Crottini & Hutter & Hildenbrand & Andreone & Fulgence & Köhler & Ndriantsoa & Ohler & Preick & Rakotoarison & Rancilhac & Raselimanana & Riemann & Rödel & Rosa & Streicher & Vieites & Köhler & Hofreiter & Glaw & Vences" authorityYear="2022" box="[1091,1216,1804,1829]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidacytlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="133" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="georgei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1091,1216,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="246">M. georgei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1224,1316,1803,1829]" pageId="133" pageNumber="246">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1224,1316,1803,1829]" pageId="133" pageNumber="246" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in pairwise comparisons to all other
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1079,1236,1836,1861]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="133" pageNumber="309" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Brygoomantis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1079,1236,1836,1861]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="246">Brygoomantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species is provided as Supplementary appendix.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="134" lastPageNumber="247" pageId="133" pageNumber="246" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="133.[810,1452,1355,2085]" lastBlockId="134.[136,778,171,2085]" lastPageId="134" lastPageNumber="247" pageId="133" pageNumber="246">
|
||
<emphasis box="[858,1189,1899,1925]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="246">
|
||
Description of the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1085,1185,1899,1925]" pageId="133" pageNumber="246">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
—Adult male in good state of preservation (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1082,1176,1931,1957]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="127.[136,235,2030,2054]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,1310,2006]" captionTargetId="figure-618@127.[151,1436,1305,2011]" captionTargetPageId="127" captionText="FIGURE 48. Preserved holotype specimens of newly named species in the Mantidactylus fergusoni clade. Scale bars equal 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7441140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7441140/files/figure.png" pageId="133" pageNumber="246">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tissue sample taken ventrally from right thigh. Remaining (left) femoral gland partly detached to examine its structure internally. Second and third finger of left hand mutilated. Body rather slender. Head as wide as body. Snout rounded. Nostrils directed laterally, slightly protuberant. Nostrils nearer to tip of the snout than to eye. Canthus rostralis weak, slightly concave. Loreal region weakly concave.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="134.[136,778,171,2085]" pageId="134" pageNumber="247">Tympanum distinct, large, elliptical, wider than high, its diameter 96% of eye diameter. Supratympanic fold distinct, beginning straight, with a rather distinct, angular bend midway towards insertion of forelimb. Tongue ovoid, distinctly posteriorly bifid. Maxillary teeth present.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="134.[136,778,171,2085]" pageId="134" pageNumber="247">Vomerine teeth present in two rounded aggregations, positioned posterolateral to choanae. Choanae rounded.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="134.[136,778,171,2085]" pageId="134" pageNumber="247">Subarticular tubercles single. Outer metacarpal tubercle present, inner metacarpal tubercle present. Fingers without webbing. Relative length of fingers: I=II<IV<III.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="134.[136,778,171,2085]" pageId="134" pageNumber="247">Finger discs slightly enlarged. Nuptial pads absent. Foot longer than tibia (103%). Lateral metatarsalia separated.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="134.[136,778,171,2085]" pageId="134" pageNumber="247">Inner metatarsal tubercle present. Outer metatarsal tubercle small but recognisable. Webbing formula: 1(1), 2i(1), 2e(1), 3i(2), 3e(1), 4i(2), 4e(2), 5(0.5). Relative length of toes: I<II<V<III<IV. Skin on the upper surface with granules, many of which form irregular longitudinal ridges. Ventral side smooth. Femoral glands present, with a distinct distal ulcerous macrogland and a moderately expressed proximal granular gland field.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="134.[136,778,171,2085]" pageId="134" pageNumber="247">Colour in preservative: dorsum brown, with indistinct irregular darker markings. A dark brown band between eyes is attached to a grey band on the head surface.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="134.[136,778,171,2085]" box="[136,778,1003,1029]" pageId="134" pageNumber="247">Forelimbs brown with poorly defined darker markings.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="134.[136,778,171,2085]" pageId="134" pageNumber="247">Hindlimbs brown with darker crossbands. Inguinal region without scattered whitish spots. Snout tip with a distinct light dot. Venter beige, throat and belly with very little brown mottling on thorax. Lower lip ventrally with alternating light and brown spots on the one side, on the other side uniformly beige-brown. Toe discs dark.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="134.[136,778,171,2085]" pageId="134" pageNumber="247">
|
||
<emphasis box="[184,288,1228,1253]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="247">Variation</emphasis>
|
||
.—Variation in measurements is given in
|
||
<tableCitation box="[136,219,1259,1285]" captionStart="TABLE 8" captionStartId="129.[134,222,532,558]" captionTargetPageId="129" captionText="TABLE 8. Morphometric measurements (all in mm) of voucher specimens of the Mantidactylus fergusoni clade. Type status is given in square brackets after voucher number: HT, holotype; PT, paratype; LT, lectotype; PLT, paralectotype. A hash (#) marks measurements taken by AH, an asterisk (*) specimens measured by FTR and AR, and thus not fully comparable with other measurements, all taken by MV. For abbreviations of measurements, see Materials and Methods. NM, not measured; NA, not applicable." pageId="134" pageNumber="247">Table 8</tableCitation>
|
||
. See
|
||
<figureCitation box="[274,351,1259,1286]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="132.[136,235,1553,1577]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,185,1533]" captionTargetId="figure-35@132.[151,1436,185,1533]" captionTargetPageId="132" captionText="FIGURE 51. Mantidactylus georgei sp. nov. in life, in dorsolateral and ventral view. (a,b) Adult male (holotype ZSM 455/2005 = ZCMV 806), from near Toamasina, photographed in 2004. (c,d) Adult female (probably corresponding to ZMA 19496 = FGMV 2002.2259, not DNA barcoded), from near Toamasina, photographed in 2003. (e,f) Adult male (paratype ZSM 456/2005 = ZCMV 807), from near Toamasina, photographed in 2004. (g,h) Adult male (FAZC 13917) from Betampona. (i,j) Adult female (FAZC 13973) from Betampona. (k,l) Adult male from Maroantsetra, photographed in 2003. (m,n) Adult female from Maroantsetra, photographed in 2003." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7441148" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7441148/files/figure.png" pageId="134" pageNumber="247">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
|
||
for colouration in life and its variation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="134.[136,778,171,2085]" pageId="134" pageNumber="247">No females available to assess sexual dimorphism.Femoral glands in life are rather distinct and prominent in males, consisting mostly of a large distal ulcerous macrogland and with only weakly recognisable proximal granular gland field, often with a somewhat yellowish colour; small, rudimentary glands recognisable in females.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="134" pageNumber="247" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="134.[136,778,171,2085]" pageId="134" pageNumber="247">
|
||
<emphasis box="[184,382,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="247">Natural history</emphasis>
|
||
.—Both near
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[584,705,1483,1509]" country="Madagascar" name="Toamasina" pageId="134" pageNumber="247">Toamasina</collectingRegion>
|
||
and Maroantsetra, calling males were found at night from the shores of small streams and swampy areas next to ricefields, in heavily degraded secondary forest habitat. In Betampona and Ivoloina this species is commontly found along stream banks. In Ivoloina
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Scherz & Crottini & Hutter & Hildenbrand & Andreone & Fulgence & Köhler & Ndriantsoa & Ohler & Preick & Rakotoarison & Rancilhac & Raselimanana & Riemann & Rödel & Rosa & Streicher & Vieites & Köhler & Hofreiter & Glaw & Vences" authorityYear="2022" box="[517,643,1644,1669]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidacytlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="134" pageNumber="247" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="georgei">
|
||
<emphasis box="[517,643,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="247">M. georgei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the only
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[136,293,1676,1701]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="134" pageNumber="309" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Brygoomantis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[136,293,1676,1701]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="247">Brygoomantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species that can be found in the area, while in Betampona it occurs (often syntopically) with four
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[136,293,1740,1765]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="134" pageNumber="309" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Brygoomantis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[136,293,1740,1765]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="247">Brygoomantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. In Betampona it has been recorded in all campsites except Sahabefoza and Sahembendrana (which correspond to the campsites presenting the most pristine conditions).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="134" pageNumber="247" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="134.[136,778,171,2085]" lastBlockId="134.[810,1452,171,1477]" pageId="134" pageNumber="247">
|
||
<emphasis box="[184,272,1867,1893]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="247">Calls.—</emphasis>
|
||
The advertisement call of the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[611,706,1867,1893]" pageId="134" pageNumber="247">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Scherz & Crottini & Hutter & Hildenbrand & Andreone & Fulgence & Köhler & Ndriantsoa & Ohler & Preick & Rakotoarison & Rancilhac & Raselimanana & Riemann & Rödel & Rosa & Streicher & Vieites & Köhler & Hofreiter & Glaw & Vences" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidacytlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="134" pageNumber="247" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="georgei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="247">M. georgei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
recorded on
|
||
<date box="[367,564,1899,1925]" pageId="134" pageNumber="247" value="2004-02-29">29 February 2004</date>
|
||
a few km north of
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[136,256,1931,1957]" country="Madagascar" name="Toamasina" pageId="134" pageNumber="247">Toamasina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, 25.2°C air temperature (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vences, M. & Glaw, F. & Marquez, R." box="[554,775,1931,1957]" pageId="134" pageNumber="247" refId="ref133910" refString="Vences, M., Glaw, F. & Marquez, R. (2006) The Calls of the Frogs of Madagascar. 3 Audio CD's and booklet. Madrid, Spain, Fonoteca Zoologica, 44 pp." type="book" year="2006">
|
||
Vences
|
||
<emphasis box="[643,704,1931,1957]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="247">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: CD2, track 66), consisted of a long to very long, regularly pulsed note (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[289,378,1995,2022]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="133.[136,235,1197,1221]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,186,1130]" captionTargetId="figure-440@133.[151,1435,185,1130]" captionTargetPageId="133" captionText="FIGURE 52. Audiospectrogram and corresponding oscillogram of a 1000 ms section of the advertisement call (call duration 2195 ms) of Mantidactylus georgei, recorded from the holotype on 29 February 2004 north of Toamasina (25.2°C air temperature). Recording bandpass-filtered at 500–4100 Hz." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7441150" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7441150/files/figure.png" pageId="134" pageNumber="247">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
|
||
). Notes exhibited slight amplitude modulation, with call energy decreasing towards the note’s end. Numerical parameters of 11 analysed calls were as follows: call duration (= note duration) 1425–3206 ms (2532.7 ± 527.4 ms); 26–64 pulses per note (46.9 ± 11.3); pulse duration 5–12 ms (7.9 ± 2.1 ms); pulse repetition rate within notes 12.7–24.4 pulses/s (18.1 ± 3.3); dominant frequency 1227–1722 Hz (1483 ± 184 Hz), with a second peak of almost identical energy at around 2970–3040 Hz; prevalent bandwidth 900–3400 Hz; call repetition rate not possible to identify with the available recordings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="134.[810,1452,171,1477]" pageId="134" pageNumber="247">
|
||
Calls recorded on
|
||
<date box="[1084,1300,427,453]" pageId="134" pageNumber="247" value="2004-02-24">24 February 2004</date>
|
||
, 21:00 h, at Maroantsetra, 24.1°C air temperature (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vences, M. & Glaw, F. & Marquez, R." box="[1241,1448,459,485]" pageId="134" pageNumber="247" refId="ref133910" refString="Vences, M., Glaw, F. & Marquez, R. (2006) The Calls of the Frogs of Madagascar. 3 Audio CD's and booklet. Madrid, Spain, Fonoteca Zoologica, 44 pp." type="book" year="2006">
|
||
Vences
|
||
<emphasis box="[1326,1382,459,485]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="247">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: CD2, track 65), very likely correspond to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Scherz & Crottini & Hutter & Hildenbrand & Andreone & Fulgence & Köhler & Ndriantsoa & Ohler & Preick & Rakotoarison & Rancilhac & Raselimanana & Riemann & Rödel & Rosa & Streicher & Vieites & Köhler & Hofreiter & Glaw & Vences" authorityYear="2022" box="[1281,1404,492,517]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidacytlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="134" pageNumber="247" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="georgei">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1281,1404,492,517]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="247">M. georgei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and generally agreed with the calls described above, apart from somewhat higher pulse repetition rate and slightly higher number of pulses per note. Numerical parameters of six analysed calls were as follows: call duration (= note duration) 2470–3149 ms (2826.8 ± 278.7 ms); 51– 85 pulses per note (71.7 ± 14.9); pulse duration 5–10 ms (7.9 ± 0.9 ms); pulse repetition rate within note 17.8–32.6 pulses/s (25.0 ± 4.9); dominant frequency 1260–1345 Hz (1287 ± 34 Hz); prevalent bandwidth 900–3800 Hz; call repetition rate not possible to identify with the available recording.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="134.[810,1452,171,1477]" pageId="134" pageNumber="247">
|
||
Additional calls have been recorded at Betampona and present an overall similar structure to the previous descriptions for the species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rosa, G. M. & Marquez, R. & Andreone, F." box="[1130,1315,939,965]" pageId="134" pageNumber="247" refId="ref131326" refString="Rosa, G. M., Marquez, R. & Andreone, F. (2011) The astonishing calls of the frogs of Betampona. Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali and Fonoteca Zoologica, Torino, Italy." type="book" year="2011">
|
||
Rosa
|
||
<emphasis box="[1193,1249,939,965]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="247">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: track 35).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="134.[810,1452,171,1477]" pageId="134" pageNumber="247">
|
||
<emphasis box="[858,989,971,997]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="247">Tadpoles.—</emphasis>
|
||
The tadpole of this species has not been described.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="134" pageNumber="247" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="134.[810,1452,171,1477]" pageId="134" pageNumber="247">
|
||
<emphasis box="[858,1026,1035,1061]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="247">Distribution.—</emphasis>
|
||
Endemic to low-elevation areas of the Northern Central East of
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1151,1286,1067,1093]" name="Madagascar" pageId="134" pageNumber="247">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1305,1377,1067,1093]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="49.[136,235,1996,2020]" captionTargetBox="[252,1336,200,1976]" captionTargetId="figure-20@49.[252,1336,200,1976]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 7. Mantidactylus subgenus Brygoomantis species distribution based on verified records, divided by clade (Mantidactylus stelliger sp. nov. is presented alongside the inaudax clade for practicality). Colours for species correspond to those in Figs 2 and 4. Inset map shows the geographic regions of Madagascar identified by Boumans et al. (2007), referred to throughout the text." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7441037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7441037/files/figure.png" pageId="134" pageNumber="247">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). This species is known from Anivorano Est, Antokotelo, Betampona, Ivoloina, Maroantsetra, Sahafina, Tampolo forest (Analanjirofo),
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1074,1198,1163,1189]" country="Madagascar" name="Toamasina" pageId="134" pageNumber="247">Toamasina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and the vicinity of Vatomandry. Elevation range:
|
||
<quantity box="[1150,1249,1195,1222]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.62" metricValueMax="5.17" metricValueMin="0.06999999999999999" pageId="134" pageNumber="247" unit="m" value="262.0" valueMax="517.0" valueMin="7.0">7–517 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="134" pageNumber="247" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="134.[810,1452,171,1477]" pageId="134" pageNumber="247">
|
||
<emphasis box="[858,978,1227,1253]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="247">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
.—We dedicate this species, which occurs, among other sites along Madagascar’s east coast, in Betampona Strict Nature Reserve, to Georges, our guide on numerous field expeditions in Betampona, in recognition of his dedication to the study of the herpetofauna of Betampona. The species epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Scherz & Crottini & Hutter & Hildenbrand & Andreone & Fulgence & Köhler & Ndriantsoa & Ohler & Preick & Rakotoarison & Rancilhac & Raselimanana & Riemann & Rödel & Rosa & Streicher & Vieites & Köhler & Hofreiter & Glaw & Vences" authorityYear="2022" box="[1182,1267,1388,1413]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidacytlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="134" pageNumber="247" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="georgei">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1182,1267,1388,1413]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="247">georgei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is derived from the English translation of our guide’s name (George) as it thereby becomes easier to pronounce.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |