167 lines
14 KiB
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167 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.548.6164" ID-GBIF-Dataset="62b6d215-f763-403e-8931-b2f25666d5ab" ID-PMC="PMC4714362" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-548-1" ID-PubMed="26798322" ID-ZBK="D5D7B51E5AC6460D9B3C7584E46F9B3F" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-548-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 548" ModsDocTitle="An illustrated key to the cuckoo wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae) of the Nordic and Baltic countries, with description of a new species" checkinTime="1451243596421" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Paukkunen, Juho, Berg, Alexander, Soon, Villu, Odegaard, Frode & Rosa, Paolo" docDate="2015" docId="80F6DBD6134C8B21FBC5494C08217CB9" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 548: 1-116" docOrigin="ZooKeys 548" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.548.6164" docTitle="Omalus aeneus Fabricius 1787" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="F34E322C6E3DFFFDFFB9090AFFD3FFAC" masterDocTitle="An illustrated key to the cuckoo wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae) of the Nordic and Baltic countries, with description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="116" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1668162373669" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>An illustrated key to the cuckoo wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae) of the Nordic and Baltic countries, with description of a new species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Paukkunen, Juho</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Berg, Alexander</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Soon, Villu</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Odegaard, Frode</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rosa, Paolo</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>548</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>116</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.548.6164</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.548.6164</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-548-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">D5D7B51E5AC6460D9B3C7584E46F9B3F</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">D5D7B51E5AC6460D9B3C7584E46F9B3F</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127852996" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:80F6DBD6134C8B21FBC5494C08217CB9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/80F6DBD6134C8B21FBC5494C08217CB9" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Chrysididae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName authority="Fabricius, 1787" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Omalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Omalus aeneus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeneus">Omalus aeneus (Fabricius, 1787)</taxonomicName>
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Figs 18, 19, 22, 23
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis aenea" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aenea">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="13" start="start">Chrysis</pageBreakToken>
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aenea
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</taxonomicName>
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Fabricius, 1787: 284.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Omalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Omalus aeneus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeneus">Omalus aeneus</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Panzer, GWF" journalOrPublisher="New and rare for Lithuania insect species" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" title="Faunae Insectorum Germaniae initia, oder, Deutschlands Insecten. Felseckerschen Buchhandlung, Nuernberg. (1797) Heft 39 - 48; (1798) Heft 49 - 60; (1799) Heft 61 - 72; (1800) Heft 73 - 79; (1801) Heft 80 - 85 (1805) Heft 97 - 99; (1806 - 1809) Heft 101 - 107" url="10.5962/bhl.title.15007" year="1792 - 1844">Panzer 1801</bibRefCitation>
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: 13.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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Length 3-6 mm. The species resembles closely
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Omalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Omalus puncticollis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puncticollis">Omalus puncticollis</taxonomicName>
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, but usually has only very small punctures and short pubescence on the mesoscutum (Figs 18, 22), sparser and finer punctation on the pronotum (Figs 18, 22), and a shallower apical notch on T3 (Fig. 23). Some specimens have relatively coarse punctation medially on the pronotum and mesoscutum, but compared to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Omalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Omalus puncticollis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puncticollis">Omalus puncticollis</taxonomicName>
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their pubescence is shorter, flagellomeres are longer, and the apical notch of T3 is shallower. In the female, the body is completely deep blue, violet or green (Fig. 18), whereas in the male it is dorsally black and laterally with green or blue reflections.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Sweden. Common. - Trans-Palearctic/Holarctic: from western Europe and northern Africa to Japan, China and Taiwan. Possibly accidentally introduced to North America (
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<bibRefCitation author="Kimsey, LS" journalOrPublisher="Oxford Press, New York" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" title="[1990] The Chrysidid Wasps of the World." year="1991">Kimsey and Bohart 1991</bibRefCitation>
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) and Australia (
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<bibRefCitation pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Krombein 1979</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="biology">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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Habitat: forest margins and clearings, semi-open sandy areas. Adults are often observed on sun-exposed leaves of trees and bushes, and they are attracted to honeydew of aphids. Occasionally they are also found on flowers of
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<taxonomicName family="Apiaceae" lsidName="Symphyta" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Apiaceae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName family="Euphorbiaceae" lsidName="Symphyta" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Euphorbiaceae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Trautmann, W" journalOrPublisher="Uschman, Weimar" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" title="Die Goldwespen Europas." year="1927">Trautmann 1927</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Hoop, M" journalOrPublisher="Schriften des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins fuer Schleswig-Holstein" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="81 - 87" title="Zur Verbreitung der holsteinischen Goldwespen und Stechimmen (Dritte Ergaenzung)." volume="41" year="1971">Hoop 1971</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Linsenmaier, W" journalOrPublisher="Veroeffentlichungen aus dem Natur-Museum Luzern" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 139" title="Die Goldwespen der Schweiz." volume="9" year="1997">Linsenmaier 1997</bibRefCitation>
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). Flight period: June to August. Host:
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Passaloecus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Passaloecus corniger" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corniger">Passaloecus corniger</taxonomicName>
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Shuckard,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Passaloecus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Passaloecus eremita" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eremita">Passaloecus eremita</taxonomicName>
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Kohl,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Passaloecus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Passaloecus gracilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">Passaloecus gracilis</taxonomicName>
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(Curtis),
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Passaloecus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Passaloecus singularis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singularis">Passaloecus singularis</taxonomicName>
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Dahlbom,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Passaloecus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Passaloecus turionum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turionum">Passaloecus turionum</taxonomicName>
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Dahlbom,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Pemphredon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pemphredon lethifer" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lethifer">Pemphredon lethifer</taxonomicName>
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(Shuckard),
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Pemphredon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pemphredon lugubris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">Pemphredon lugubris</taxonomicName>
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(Fabricius) and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Psenulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psenulus pallipes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallipes">Psenulus pallipes</taxonomicName>
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(Panzer) (
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<taxonomicName family="Crabronidae" lsidName="" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Crabronidae</taxonomicName>
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) (
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<bibRefCitation author="Barbey, A" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Socie ́ te ́ Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" pagination="77 - 81" title="Un cas interessant de parasitologie das l'ecorce du pin sylvestre." volume="55" year="1923">Barbey and Ferriere 1923</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Strumia 1997</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Gathmann, A" journalOrPublisher="Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege Baden-Wuerttemberg" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="277 - 305" title="Landschafts-Bewertung mit Bienen und Wespen in Nisthilfen: Artenspectrum, Interactionen und Bestimmungschluessel." volume="73" year="1999">Gathmann and Tscharntke 1999</bibRefCitation>
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, our own obs.). The species has been reared from old resin-galls of
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<taxonomicName genus="Retinea" lsidName="Retinea resinella" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="resinella">Retinea resinella</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName family="Tortricidae" lsidName="" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Tortricidae</taxonomicName>
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) containing host nests. Females oviposit in live aphids and do not enter the host nest (our own obs.). A similar behaviour has been observed in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Omalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Omalus biaccinctus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biaccinctus">Omalus biaccinctus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Winterhagen, P" journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Entomology" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" pagination="557 - 559" title="Strategy for sneaking into a host's home: The cuckoo wasp Omalusbiaccinctus (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) inserts its eggs into living aphids that are the prey of its host." url="10.14411/eje.2015.064" volume="112" year="2015">Winterhagen 2015</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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Mitochondrial DNA studies indicate that the Nordic and Baltic specimens of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Omalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Omalus aeneus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeneus">Omalus aeneus</taxonomicName>
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belong to at least five genetically distinct lineages (excl.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Omalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Omalus puncticollis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puncticollis">Omalus puncticollis</taxonomicName>
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), and several other lineages have been found in other countries (
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<bibRefCitation author="Paukkunen, J" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="1 - 67" title="Faunistic review of the cuckoo wasps of Fennoscandia, Denmark and the Baltic countries (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae)." url="10.11646/zootaxa.3864.1.1" volume="3864" year="2014">Paukkunen et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
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). It is very likely that more than one species is involved.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |