140 lines
17 KiB
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140 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document id="31281FE3841A31117452A5CDF08A04CE" ID-CLB-Dataset="30066" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.759.22981" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7ad14f09-86a1-4caa-8a2d-8972874e9652" ID-PMC="PMC6055549" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-759-29" ID-PubMed="30046274" ID-ZooBank="A7645CBDF29D4F99A2C5709197B95F28" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-759-29" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 759" ModsDocTitle="Three new species of Thelepus Leuckart, 1849 from Europe and a re-description of T.cincinnatus (Fabricius, 1780) (Annelida, Terebellidae)" checkinTime="1526640557497" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Jirkov, Igor" docDate="2018" docId="80DB6C1A3589F231B7B9D4A8C7FA64CB" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 759: 29-56" docOrigin="ZooKeys 759" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.759.22981" docTitle="Thelepus Leuckart 1849" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="29" masterDocId="6C25466C285AFF892121FFE9FFCD2606" masterDocTitle="Three new species of Thelepus Leuckart, 1849 from Europe and a re-description of T. cincinnatus (Fabricius, 1780) (Annelida, Terebellidae)" masterLastPageNumber="56" masterPageNumber="29" pageNumber="29" updateTime="1701379121930" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="0F3C917C16EC3D775354CFED605DB4E3">Three new species of Thelepus Leuckart, 1849 from Europe and a re-description of T. cincinnatus (Fabricius, 1780) (Annelida, Terebellidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5D723B2B3EB3119002F3F56B381E2FC6">Jirkov, Igor</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="7981F98E26F3C60AD83EDF061F6D1AC3">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:date id="D903F2C150D68E8190D658760786AB5E">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="52E86F8AF31EDDA287404C25561FDC43">759</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="480FD8FCE869703CE03F6F2015C6D669">29</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="EC645B693D302748EF7629215D47E60F">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.759.22981</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="59CA273185094BBB738722FFEDCD4754">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="E430B1AB3FF4B6D1B1CFF566BBE46AB6" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.759.22981</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="80DB6C1A3589F231B7B9D4A8C7FA64CB" ID-GBIF-Taxon="144037488" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:80DB6C1A3589F231B7B9D4A8C7FA64CB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/80DB6C1A3589F231B7B9D4A8C7FA64CB" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
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<subSubSection id="DFF2548FD6612A4C6488BF327A805913" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="EFA24F75A3942A38727E6D2EF588BC99" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
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<taxonomicName id="F3F3BC295F4F593D5B991E343C52DAD2" ID-CoL="84V7T" authority="Leuckart, 1849" authorityName="Leuckart" authorityYear="1849" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Thelepus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thelepus" order="Terebellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Thelepus Leuckart, 1849</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9567A0F9FE64CF04400BE50284576428" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="type species">
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<paragraph id="EF7BD672864B87B7B127CA62F3793851" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8F9526F47CB701998F39753ADBF49B0C" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
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<taxonomicName id="FDAB6A7FE046446E6016F86A554E1684" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Amphitrite" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphitrite cincinnata" order="Terebellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cincinnata">Amphitrite cincinnata</taxonomicName>
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Fabricius, 1780.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BF86A6A000F6A2BA4912268EE6C62D5B" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="E074AC4FA1EA756D930546B4DA92BEA9" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="40F8ADD00A8DC55B58375F886835B928" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Branchiae formed of numerous simple filaments arranged in more or less distinct parallel transverse rows arising from S2-S4; notochaetae from S3 (= BS2), uncini from C3 (= S5); lateral lobes absent.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="17309ECB8D033E42BF7A780DB994EEB9" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="962DEDD2335399E58E563859DA2A8C0D" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FFE793C2BECC7CC8DBF77035348A5EC3" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
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The genus includes 48 species (
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<bibRefCitation id="655AF7E693D42FE792B8C701A4BA1502" author="Hsueh, P-W" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" pagination="510 - 524" title="New species of Thelepodidae (Terebelliformia, Polychaeta) from Taiwan." url="http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4170.3.5" volume="4170" year="2016">Hsueh and Li 2016</bibRefCitation>
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), distributed from the Arctic to the Antarctic and from the littoral to abyssal zones. The most important taxonomic characters used for species separation based on
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<bibRefCitation id="E5C861DA731D8077B1556DDE2072DF9B" author="Day, JH" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" pagination="407 - 452" title="The Polychaeta of South Africa. Part 3. Sedentary species from Cape shores and estuaries." url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1955.tb02216.x" volume="42" year="1955">Day (1955)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="7E1CF23921314EAE7CC4ED1A364D1FB3" author="Hutchings, PA" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" pagination="217 - 250" title="The Thelepinae (Terebellidae) from Australia, with a discussion of the generic and specific characters of the subfamily." volume="7" year="1987">Hutchings and Glasby (1987)</bibRefCitation>
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, and this study are:
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B9705B0B5D74948413AD65DEE4CC08E6" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="the number of branchial segments">
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<paragraph id="D3BCD0F8C97CED811487E1278A4560F8" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">The number of branchial segments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1FA6EE3AA1D5E88D475C84FDEEBDC607" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">The number of BS varies from zero to three; most species have three BS. Only six species currently accepted as valid have two BS. Very little variation in the number of BS was observed; only one specimen amongst more than a thousand of all four species had a third branchia, on one side only. Of course, juveniles may have fewer BS, and some of the very small worms in the examined material had only one BS, or branchiae were absent. The final number of BS seems to appear when the size of the worm is approximately 1% of maximum.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C07180606923ACC67C31C8ECA8972440" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="the branchial fields from which the filaments arise">
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<paragraph id="091D79C4E6ADBA520F0902CC5D354418" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">The branchial fields from which the filaments arise.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="119E7FD31949D040C29BE4BE9E749A09" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">A distinct median gap and lateral extension of the filaments appears to be constant within a species, but in species with numerous filaments both tend to change with size: as the gap becomes narrower, the extension goes further laterally.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="533DCF12FFB04063E2A0C577660FC0D6" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="the number of branchial filaments">
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<paragraph id="5D1A6DE957303A39DEC8CBCF6FE8474E" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">The number of branchial filaments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F1DAE72EB1C3D5D1CF585691F431BA97" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
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Some species have very few filaments in total, while others have many (10-40 or more). The number of filaments tends to increase with increasing size of the animal. Once adulthood is achieved, there is little variation in the number of filaments, independent of the size of the worms. According to our data, the maximum size of worms varies between localities for the same species, but the maximum number of filaments is relatively constant within a species.
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<bibRefCitation id="1F6C057F8493E7B89465398B827D15FA" author="Hutchings, PA" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" pagination="217 - 250" title="The Thelepinae (Terebellidae) from Australia, with a discussion of the generic and specific characters of the subfamily." volume="7" year="1987">Hutchings and Glasby (1987)</bibRefCitation>
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suggested that the relative number of branchial filaments between BS2, BS3, and BS4 is more important than the actual number of filaments. However, if there are only a few filaments, variation in their number leads to significant changes in the relative number of branchial filaments and this feature becomes unreliable.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="21FF48500FD5E6E480B6A8EDFEB10137" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="the number of segments with notopodia and notochaetae">
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<paragraph id="23120BCE41106DB0C14CEBE000DC865A" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">The number of segments with notopodia and notochaetae.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="25AE9C75F0C71ECBF28B2F6B18F32811" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
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There are two groups of species within
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<taxonomicName id="B0C1AF791C84F73794081295B7708190" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Thelepus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thelepus" order="Terebellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Thelepus</taxonomicName>
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: (1) notochaetae present only on the anterior half of the body; there are numerous fully-developed segments without notopodia that differ from notopodial segments only by the absence of notopodia, and (2) species with notochaetae present for most of the body, absent only in the segments clustered near the pygidium. This difference seems to be diagnostic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="08A4D8A1226E44B12B55CF9DEA084D04" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="the number of rows of uncini">
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<paragraph id="EE0256E9DCC8C374637AE48CC7BA87EC" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">The number of rows of uncini.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A4A5E9F8BE562C081EA14863A2781ED6" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
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Uncini can be in a single row or form a loop; all of the species investigated have a single row, but
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<taxonomicName id="6747BD20EC3CEA586BD2B49DBFCE0889" lsidName="T. nucleolata" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" rank="species" species="nucleolata">T. nucleolata</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="97F27E2460462E5451170A28CEAEB9BD" originalValue="Claparède">Claparede</normalizedToken>
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, 1870, described from the Mediterranean (Gulf of Naples) has uncini forming a loop after S14. The species is poorly known and has not been recorded since the original description. The presence or absence of the loop seems to have high taxonomic value.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BDCF522B0F9A13B46480733AD11A435E" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="the shape of the uncinus">
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<paragraph id="C9E8D0B77C37E69F14E44427206C4DBC" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">The shape of the uncinus.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A1C2CAD8618DBB30CC040B739AC2BBEE" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
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The most important features seem to be the shape of the prow, the position of the attachment button, and the arrangement of teeth above the main fang-forming crest. The last character is better seen in SEM photographs, whilst the first two are better observed using a compound microscope. Three of the four investigated species with two BS have very similar U1 uncini, but other species inhabiting European waters,
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<taxonomicName id="881CF2F38C984E503BE86A90EEFF2058" lsidName="T. setosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" rank="species" species="setosus">T. setosus</taxonomicName>
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(Quatrefages, 1866) and
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<taxonomicName id="A0A8959AF29EC0464A492EAB87A0F266" lsidName="T. triserialis" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" rank="species" species="triserialis">T. triserialis</taxonomicName>
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(Grube, 1855), have very different uncini (Fig. 1B, C). The shape of the uncini may vary along the body; they usually decrease in size but, in
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<taxonomicName id="16F840519CE49297393B20C6C932166F" lsidName="T. parapari" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" rank="species" species="parapari">T. parapari</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., the shape also changes. Therefore it is best to examine and compare uncini from a specified unciniger, such as U1; comparison of previously described uncini without detail of the segment of origin has limited value.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F8951E9D05A959E76260083C7057B413" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="presence/absence of eyespots">
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<paragraph id="FE3AA5CB67DB08A77272F34CF43A86EA" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Presence/absence of eyespots.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B97499EB39C609B0CE27E26D13935918" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
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<bibRefCitation id="C784E9BB9B3760A48815BF0E0CA8A853" author="Hutchings, PA" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" pagination="217 - 250" title="The Thelepinae (Terebellidae) from Australia, with a discussion of the generic and specific characters of the subfamily." volume="7" year="1987">Hutchings and Glasby (1987)</bibRefCitation>
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reported that, in some specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="3C5FB39AAF6BC3BC81858BBFB060164D" lsidName="T. plagiostoma" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" rank="species" species="plagiostoma">T. plagiostoma</taxonomicName>
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Schmarda, 1861 and
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<taxonomicName id="7C6DCF5C939AB113A0F844D3BA610897" lsidName="T. robustus" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" rank="species" species="robustus">T. robustus</taxonomicName>
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(Grube, 1878), eyespots may be absent. The species examined for this paper either have eyespots or not. Eyespots are sub-epithelial and disappear if the epithelium is macerated due to poor fixation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="164C33020E1A009D393DE066F446D32B" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="description">
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<paragraph id="0AF998D691B4A18531ACE077E9F0DFB0" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Comparative size of notopodia.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EA727695FA0767EFAA099515F50A5056" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">In some species, the first notopodia are distinctly underdeveloped (for example Fig. 4D), whilst other species have all anterior notopodia of almost equal size. However, this difference may only be apparent in large worms.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2F6018E5F2F1E21FD9B12FFEFDD0466A" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="notochaetae">
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<paragraph id="CA3769C5437F806297BD0EDB140D98F5" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Notochaetae.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="208075BC3FA97493553BA1AA58E5A7A5" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">The notochaetae of the four investigated species look very similar. The shape of the notochaetae is of limited taxonomic value, at least for the species examined here.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AE42D9CB5A6BC2AB5A0C0E78318BFB3B" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="tubes">
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<paragraph id="1A95D323B94BCB4B35696B55C3CC1C7D" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Tubes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D055E9A1EA39D9569303A796FD8C4AA8" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
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The tubes of all the investigated species are constructed using local material (shell fragments, small stones, spicules etc.) without specificity. Tubes are also attached to larger substrata, usually stones, if possible. Some tubes have a branched crown very similar to that reported for
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<taxonomicName id="6BFA6E0C1CDE7B81E5D37D51A81CFA70" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Axionice" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axionice conchilega" order="Terebellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="conchilega">Axionice conchilega</taxonomicName>
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(Pallas, 1766) by
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<bibRefCitation id="9DBF44DB0B2A95594CC738984CDF2110" author="Holthe, T" journalOrPublisher="Marine Invertebrates of Scandinavia 7, Norwegian University Press" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" title="PolychaetaTerebellomorpha." year="1986">Holthe (1986)</bibRefCitation>
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; this was observed in material examined in this study from the Norwegian Sea.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |