312 lines
33 KiB
XML
312 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="BA4CD9BD88F537E936F50A415CB9EEAD" ID-DOI="10.25674/so92iss1pp15" ID-ISSN="2509-9523" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10832216" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" checkinTime="1709146362394" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2020" docId="153287B6FD09FFF7FF0BFA3958C9FC4D" docLanguage="en" docName="SoilOrg.92.1.15-86.pdf" docOrigin="Soil Organisms 92 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.25674/so92iss1pp15" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EA2ECAC87EC21C07AB805D5B9B4601F2.2:SoilOrg.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="EA2ECAC87EC21C07AB805D5B9B4601F2" docStyleName="SoilOrg.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Lasius grandis Forel 1909" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="68" masterDocId="E90BFFCEFD3DFFC2FFA5FFE85A4DFFF1" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="86" masterPageNumber="15" pageNumber="67" updateTime="1710776561397" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="565E7E1EC9F9E88E0D1D03929DCEBA1A">A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="8940006E77582E04EA5DD7356B8998B9" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="5D4C98C01E2312A749694DB3F22265C7">Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="30E844D59E0722EFD7459A1F77676A55">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="B01391116E49472B81E5849AB927A1AD">Soil Organisms</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="4D7C0C2524E0CE00C81EC41071F691BF">
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<mods:date id="BA948B84A0A22B2DA66B4484F5AACF42">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8B9B1771B32C7F952BE85FFE22B5C160">2020-05-26</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="7FC5968818E8767D6AF87E77609F55D1">92</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="370C19EB21C4334023D240067B7F00E4">1</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="9AED38DCF05B3B061B55DEF194544380" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="3369A12A6F5ACE5E7996C65AFB2DB8D1">15</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="035EF26CB66AEAC15E8493529A471366">86</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location id="A77F630143425C3899DDAEB08335BD28">
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<mods:url id="7EB5195DF3596B0D4BBDD3AE313B3209">http://dx.doi.org/10.25674/so92iss1pp15</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="7E45F4C158185398A98CA1AF439E6763">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="FAFADBAA5F18908251992A117F9233EA" type="DOI">10.25674/so92iss1pp15</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E4B465743617F118CFF1DE3E7BA4717D" type="ISSN">2509-9523</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6E211C0AC8BB4E92F74CDD5DF0C3BF39" type="Zenodo-Dep">10832216</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="153287B6FD09FFF7FF0BFA3958C9FC4D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:153287B6FD09FFF7FF0BFA3958C9FC4D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/153287B6FD09FFF7FF0BFA3958C9FC4D" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">
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<subSubSection id="D581652BFD09FFF6FF0BFA3958CFFA1C" box="[174,642,1489,1517]" pageId="52" pageNumber="67" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="9D2436A0FD09FFF6FF0BFA3958CFFA1C" blockId="52.[174,642,1489,1517]" box="[174,642,1489,1517]" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">
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<heading id="C66C81CCFD09FFF6FF0BFA3958CFFA1C" bold="true" box="[174,642,1489,1517]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="52" pageNumber="67" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD09FFF6FF0BFA3958CFFA1C" bold="true" box="[174,642,1489,1517]" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">
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4.4.34
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<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD09FFF6FEB0FA3958CFFA1C" ID-CoL="3SGX2" authority="Forel 1909" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1909" box="[277,642,1489,1517]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">
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<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD09FFF6FEB0FA395BA9FA1D" bold="true" box="[277,484,1489,1516]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">Lasius grandis</emphasis>
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Forel 1909
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D581652BFD09FFF6FF0BFA1D5B4AF941" pageId="52" pageNumber="67" type="description">
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<paragraph id="9D2436A0FD09FFF6FF0BFA1D58B6F9FD" blockId="52.[151,764,1524,1976]" box="[174,763,1524,1548]" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">
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<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD09FFF6FF0BFA1D5861F9FD" authority="Forel 1909" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1909" box="[174,556,1524,1548]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="niger" variety="grandis">
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<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD09FFF6FF0BFA1D5BFBF9FD" box="[174,438,1524,1548]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">Lasius niger var. grandis</emphasis>
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Forel1909
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</taxonomicName>
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[typeinvestigation]
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9D2436A0FD09FFF6FF0BF9FD58B6F9DC" blockId="52.[151,764,1524,1976]" box="[174,763,1557,1581]" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">
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Type material:
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<typeStatus id="42208802FD09FFF6FEF8F9FD5B86F9DC" box="[349,459,1557,1581]" pageId="52" pageNumber="67" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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(des. E.O. Wilson) plus 4
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9D2436A0FD09FFF6FF0BF9DE58B6F9BF" blockId="52.[151,764,1524,1976]" box="[174,763,1590,1614]" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">
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<typeStatus id="42208802FD09FFF6FF0BF9DE5B0CF9BF" box="[174,321,1590,1614]" pageId="52" pageNumber="67" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
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workers on two pins labelled ”
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<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD09FFF6FD06F9DE58B6F9BF" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[675,763,1590,1614]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">L. niger</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9D2436A0FD09FFF6FF0BF9BF58B6F99F" blockId="52.[151,764,1524,1976]" box="[174,763,1622,1647]" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">
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<materialsCitation id="2DF33CFDFD09FFF6FF0BF9BF58A0F99F" box="[174,749,1622,1647]" collectorName="C. Voigt" location="Andalousie" pageId="52" pageNumber="67" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Andalucia">
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v,
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<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD09FFF6FF6EF9BE5B10F99F" authority="Forel" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1909" box="[203,349,1622,1646]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">grandis Forel</taxonomicName>
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<typeStatus id="42208802FD09FFF6FED6F9BF5BEEF99E" box="[371,419,1623,1647]" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">type</typeStatus>
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Ronda,
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<collectingRegion id="5F5FF842FD09FFF6FDA3F9BE58CCF99F" box="[518,641,1622,1646]" country="Spain" name="Andalucia" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">Andalousie</collectingRegion>
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(
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<collectorName id="306E5376FD09FFF6FD36F9BE58ABF99F" box="[659,742,1622,1646]" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">C.Voigt</collectorName>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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“,
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9D2436A0FD09FFF6FF0BF99F58B6F97E" blockId="52.[151,764,1524,1976]" box="[174,763,1655,1679]" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">
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”ANTWEB CASENT 0911047“; depository:
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<collectionCode id="FB8AAE65FD09FFF6FD1EF99058B6F97E" box="[699,763,1656,1679]" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">MHN</collectionCode>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9D2436A0FD09FFF6FF0BF9705B4AF941" blockId="52.[151,764,1524,1976]" box="[174,263,1688,1712]" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">
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<collectingRegion id="5F5FF842FD09FFF6FF0BF9705B4EF941" box="[174,259,1688,1712]" country="Switzerland" name="Geneve" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">Genève</collectingRegion>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D581652BFD09FFF6FF0BF9515F50FEFB" pageId="52" pageNumber="67" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="9D2436A0FD09FFF6FF0BF951585AF8A4" blockId="52.[151,764,1524,1976]" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD09FFF6FF0BF9515BF5F920" bold="true" box="[174,440,1721,1745]" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">All material examined</emphasis>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="2DF33CFDFD09FFF6FE6FF951585EF8A4" collectingRegion="Geneve" country="Andorra" county="For" location="These" municipality="Sardinia" pageId="52" pageNumber="67" specimenCount="198" specimenCount-worker="198" stateProvince="Sardegna">
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A total of 74 samples with
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<specimenCount id="8B9DFD29FD09FFF6FF32F9325B53F903" box="[151,286,1754,1778]" count="198" pageId="52" pageNumber="67" type="worker">198 workers</specimenCount>
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were subject to NUMOBAT investigation.
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<location id="9844607BFD09FFF6FF32F9135A95F8E2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:153287B6FD09FFF7FF0BFA3958C9FC4D:9844607BFD09FFF6FF32F9135A95F8E2" box="[151,216,1787,1811]" country="Andorra" county="For" municipality="Sardinia" name="These" pageId="52" pageNumber="67" stateProvince="Sardegna">These</location>
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originated from
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<collectingCountry id="E58C7630FD09FFF6FE35F9135BA6F8E2" box="[400,491,1787,1811]" name="Andorra" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">Andorra</collectingCountry>
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(2 samples),
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<collectingCountry id="E58C7630FD09FFF6FDDFF913588EF8E3" box="[634,707,1787,1810]" name="France" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">France</collectingCountry>
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(34),
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<collectingRegion id="5F5FF842FD09FFF6FF32F8F45ABFF8C5" box="[151,242,1820,1844]" country="Italy" name="Sardegna" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">
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<collectingMunicipality id="7D40ACDAFD09FFF6FF32F8F45ABFF8C5" box="[151,242,1820,1844]" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">Sardinia</collectingMunicipality>
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</collectingRegion>
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/
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<collectingCountry id="E58C7630FD09FFF6FEA5F8F45B7CF8C5" box="[256,305,1820,1844]" name="Italy" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">Italy</collectingCountry>
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(2),
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<collectingCountry id="E58C7630FD09FFF6FEC5F8F45BF1F8C5" box="[352,444,1820,1844]" name="Portugal" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">Portugal</collectingCountry>
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(3) and
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<collectingCountry id="E58C7630FD09FFF6FDB7F8F4581DF8C5" box="[530,592,1820,1844]" name="Spain" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">Spain</collectingCountry>
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(33).
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<collectingCounty id="74454E2CFD09FFF6FD2FF8F458E3F8C2" box="[650,686,1820,1843]" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">For</collectingCounty>
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details see supplementary information SI1
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9D2436A0FD09FFF6FF0BF8B558B6F846" blockId="52.[151,764,1524,1976]" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD09FFF6FF0BF8B55BCFF887" bold="true" box="[174,386,1885,1910]" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">Geographic range</emphasis>
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.
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<collectingCountry id="E58C7630FD09FFF6FE33F8B55B94F884" box="[406,473,1885,1909]" name="Georgia" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">Iberia</collectingCountry>
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, southernmost
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<materialsCitation id="2DF33CFDFD09FFF6FD2DF8B65B93F867" country="France" latitude="44.0" location="Rhone valley" pageId="52" pageNumber="67" specimenCount="1">
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<collectingCountry id="E58C7630FD09FFF6FD2DF8B6589CF884" box="[648,721,1886,1909]" name="France" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">France</collectingCountry>
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(in
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<location id="9844607BFD09FFF6FF32F8965B67F867" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:153287B6FD09FFF7FF0BFA3958C9FC4D:9844607BFD09FFF6FF32F8965B67F867" box="[151,298,1918,1942]" country="France" latitude="44.0" name="Rhone valley" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">Rhone valley</location>
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north to
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<geoCoordinate id="F8AF5067FD09FFF6FE3FF8965B9BF867" box="[410,470,1918,1942]" degrees="44" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="67" precision="55555" value="44.0">44°N</geoCoordinate>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E58C7630FD09FFF6FE48F896580FF867" box="[493,578,1918,1942]" name="France" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">Corsica</collectingCountry>
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, Sardinia, introduced to Tenerife. Altitudinal records range from sea
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9D2436A0FD09FFF6FCB7FF195F50FEFB" blockId="52.[786,1401,241,1975]" box="[786,1309,241,266]" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">
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<materialsCitation id="2DF33CFDFD09FFF6FCB7FF195F54FEFB" box="[786,1305,241,266]" elevation="2300" latitude="37.0" location="Sierra" pageId="52" pageNumber="67" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nevada">
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level up to
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<quantity id="5A639B45FD09FFF6FC2CFF1A5997FEF8" box="[905,986,242,266]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="52" pageNumber="67" unit="m" value="2300.0">
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||
<elevation id="16B6D193FD09FFF6FC2CFF1A5997FEF8" box="[905,986,242,266]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="52" pageNumber="67" unit="m" value="2300.0">2300 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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||
in the
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<location id="9844607BFD09FFF6FB81FF195E28FEF8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:153287B6FD09FFF7FF0BFA3958C9FC4D:9844607BFD09FFF6FB81FF195E28FEF8" box="[1060,1125,241,265]" latitude="37.0" name="Sierra" pageId="52" pageNumber="67" stateProvince="Nevada">Sierra</location>
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<collectingRegion id="5F5FF842FD09FFF6FBC9FF195EF3FEF8" box="[1132,1214,241,265]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">Nevada</collectingRegion>
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at
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<geoCoordinate id="F8AF5067FD09FFF6FB7BFF1A5F54FEFB" box="[1246,1305,242,266]" degrees="37" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="67" precision="55555" value="37.0">37°N</geoCoordinate>
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="D581652BFD09FFF6FC8CFEFA5F02FBCE" pageId="52" pageNumber="67" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="9D2436A0FD09FFF6FC8CFEFA59A4FE9D" blockId="52.[786,1401,241,1975]" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD09FFF6FC8CFEFA59D5FEDB" bold="true" box="[809,920,274,298]" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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||
(Tab. 7,
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||
<figureCitation id="05A02A25FD09FFF6FC59FEFA5E1EFEDB" box="[1020,1107,274,298]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="24.[156,196,1752,1774]" captionTargetBox="[151,1287,1366,1736]" captionTargetId="figure-74@24.[682,1287,1366,1736]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figs. 65 and 66: Lasius grandis; CASENT0906079, photo S. Hartman" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10832292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10832292/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">Figs. 65</figureCitation>
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–66; key; images in www. AntWeb.org with specimen identifiers CASENT 0906079, CASENT 0911047):
|
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9D2436A0FD09FFF6FC8CFE9D5F02FBCE" blockId="52.[786,1401,241,1975]" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">
|
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Absolute size rather large (CS 984 µm). Head and scape length indices large (CL/CW
|
||
<subScript id="011F34E5FD09FFF6FBF3FE4E5E23FE45" attach="left" box="[1110,1134,422,436]" fontSize="6" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">900</subScript>
|
||
1.095, SL/CS
|
||
<subScript id="011F34E5FD09FFF6FAAFFE4E5F6FFE45" attach="left" box="[1290,1314,422,436]" fontSize="6" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">900</subScript>
|
||
1.037); postocular distance low (PoOc/CL
|
||
<subScript id="011F34E5FD09FFF6FB03FE2F5EF3FE24" attach="left" box="[1190,1214,455,469]" fontSize="6" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">900</subScript>
|
||
0.222); torulo-clypeal distance large (dClAn
|
||
<subScript id="011F34E5FD09FFF6FBFFFE005E3FFE07" attach="left" box="[1114,1138,488,502]" fontSize="6" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">900</subScript>
|
||
5.01); eye size medium (EYE/CS
|
||
<subScript id="011F34E5FD09FFF6FCD2FDE159C2FDE6" attach="left" box="[887,911,521,535]" fontSize="6" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">900</subScript>
|
||
0.239); terminal segment of maxillary palp long (MP6/CS
|
||
<subScript id="011F34E5FD09FFF6FC54FDC25E44FDC9" attach="left" box="[1009,1033,554,568]" fontSize="6" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">900</subScript>
|
||
0.208). Number of mandibular dents large (MaDe
|
||
<subScript id="011F34E5FD09FFF6FC54FDA25E44FDA9" attach="left" box="[1009,1033,586,600]" fontSize="6" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">900</subScript>
|
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8.62). Pubescence on clypeus moderately dense (sqPDCL
|
||
<subScript id="011F34E5FD09FFF6FB9AFD835E1AFD88" attach="left" box="[1087,1111,619,633]" fontSize="6" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">900</subScript>
|
||
4.53); frontal pubescence short (PLF
|
||
<subScript id="011F34E5FD09FFF6FC22FD6459D2FD6B" attach="left" box="[903,927,652,666]" fontSize="6" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">900</subScript>
|
||
27.2). All body parts with rather numerous standing setae of medium length (PnHL/CS
|
||
<subScript id="011F34E5FD09FFF6FAB7FD455F67FD4A" attach="left" box="[1298,1322,685,699]" fontSize="6" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">900</subScript>
|
||
0.145, GuHL/CS
|
||
<subScript id="011F34E5FD09FFF6FCDAFD2659DAFD2D" attach="left" box="[895,919,718,732]" fontSize="6" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">900</subScript>
|
||
0.125, nGu
|
||
<subScript id="011F34E5FD09FFF6FBB2FD265E62FD2D" attach="left" box="[1047,1071,718,732]" fontSize="6" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">900</subScript>
|
||
9.8, nSc
|
||
<subScript id="011F34E5FD09FFF6FB2AFD265EEAFD2D" attach="left" box="[1167,1191,718,732]" fontSize="6" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">900</subScript>
|
||
17.5, nHT
|
||
<subScript id="011F34E5FD09FFF6FAB9FD265F79FD2D" attach="left" box="[1308,1332,718,732]" fontSize="6" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">900</subScript>
|
||
19.4). Cuticular surface of dorsal head and mesosoma within the meshes of the microreticulum smooth and shining. There are two color morphs. The dark morph is rather homogenously dark brown with the exception of pale yellowish-brown mandibles, scapes and tibiae. The light morph shows a distinct reddish color component with clypeus, mandibles, mesosoma, petiole and appendages light reddish-brown whereas vertex and gaster are darker reddish-brown. The light morph constitutes 90% of the samples from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E58C7630FD09FFF6FC0AFBEF5E4CFBEE" box="[943,1025,1031,1055]" name="France" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">Corsica</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Sardinia and the dark morph 95% of the samples from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E58C7630FD09FFF6FB80FBCF5E28FBCE" box="[1061,1125,1063,1087]" name="Georgia" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">Iberia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E58C7630FD09FFF6FB5BFBC05F07FBCE" box="[1278,1354,1064,1087]" name="France" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D581652BFD09FFF6FC8CFBA05E73FA1A" pageId="52" pageNumber="67" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="9D2436A0FD09FFF6FC8CFBA05E73FA1A" blockId="52.[786,1401,241,1975]" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD09FFF6FC8CFBA05933FB91" bold="true" box="[809,894,1096,1120]" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">Biology</emphasis>
|
||
. It is the most abundant species of the subgenus in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E58C7630FD09FFF6FC8AFB815922FB70" box="[815,879,1129,1153]" name="Georgia" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">Iberia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and inhabits open habitats as well as deciduous and coniferous woodland habitats. It prefers medium to humid moisture conditions and occurs at lower altitudes typically in sheltered conditions (gorges or valleys with running waters). At sites with more precipitations, at altitudes above
|
||
<quantity id="5A639B45FD09FFF6FC61FAE65E56FAD4" box="[964,1051,1294,1318]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="52" pageNumber="67" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
|
||
or along the Atlantic coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E58C7630FD09FFF6FCB7FAC65918FAB7" box="[786,853,1326,1350]" name="Georgia" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">Iberia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it occurs in open grassland. Nests are under stones or in soil. Mound construction with mineral soil material, as it is typical for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD09FFF6FC70FA995E17FA79" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[981,1114,1393,1416]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD09FFF6FC70FA995E17FA79" box="[981,1114,1393,1416]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">Lasius niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is occasionally observed.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD09FFF6FCB7FA7A59F9FA58" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1909" box="[786,948,1425,1449]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD09FFF6FCB7FA7A59F9FA58" box="[786,948,1425,1449]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">Lasius grandis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
behaves as aggressively as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD09FFF6FB40FA7A5F71FA58" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1253,1340,1426,1449]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD09FFF6FB40FA7A5F71FA58" box="[1253,1340,1426,1449]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">L. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
after disturbance of the nest. Alates were observed between end of June and end of July.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D581652BFD09FFF7FC8CFA1C58C9FC4D" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="52" pageNumber="67" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="9D2436A0FD09FFF7FC8CFA1C58A1FE3E" blockId="52.[786,1401,241,1975]" lastBlockId="53.[189,804,241,956]" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD09FFF6FC8CFA1C59E9F9FD" bold="true" box="[809,932,1524,1548]" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">Comments</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD09FFF6FC13FA1D5E11F9FD" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1909" box="[950,1116,1524,1548]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD09FFF6FC13FA1D5E11F9FD" box="[950,1116,1524,1548]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">Lasius grandis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD09FFF6FB3EFA1D5F08F9FD" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[1179,1349,1525,1548]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emarginatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD09FFF6FB3EFA1D5F08F9FD" box="[1179,1349,1525,1548]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">L. emarginatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be separated with an error rate of 0% by any variant of NC-clustering and the classification error on the worker individual level by an LDA is only 0.9%. This clear situation offers good conditions for identification of hybrid nests in the vectorial space (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F90A4B51FD09FFF6FB2EF9705F3FF941" author="Bagherian, A. & W. Munch & B. Seifert" box="[1163,1394,1688,1712]" pageId="52" pageNumber="67" pagination="121 - 131" refId="ref51053" refString="Bagherian, A., W. Munch & B. Seifert (2012): A first demonstration of interspecific hybridization in Myrmica ants by geometric morphometrics (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). - Myrmecological News 17: 121 - 131." type="journal article" year="2012">Bagherian et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F90A4B51FD09FFF6FCB7F95159B8F920" author="Kulmuni, J. & B. Seifert & P. Pamilo" box="[786,1013,1721,1745]" pageId="52" pageNumber="67" pagination="7371 - 7376" refId="ref51576" refString="Kulmuni, J., B. Seifert & P. Pamilo (2010): Segregation distortion causes large-scale differences between male and female genomes in hybrid ants. - PNAS 107 (16): 7371 - 7376." type="journal article" year="2010">Kulmuni et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F90A4B51FD09FFF6FBA6F9515EC6F920" author="Seifert, B." box="[1027,1163,1721,1745]" pageId="52" pageNumber="67" pagination="45 - 52" refId="ref51839" refString="Seifert, B. (1999): Interspecific hybridisations in natural populations of ants by example of a regional fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). - Insectes Sociaux 46: 45 - 52." type="journal article" year="1999">Seifert 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F90A4B51FD09FFF6FB3CF9515E9FF920" author="Seifert, B." box="[1177,1234,1721,1745]" pageId="52" pageNumber="67" pagination="251 - 276" refId="ref51958" refString="Seifert, B. (2006): Social cleptogamy in the ant subgenus Chthonolasius - survival as a minority. - Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Gorlitz 77: 251 - 276." type="journal article" year="2006">2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F90A4B51FD09FFF6FB45F9515F6FF920" author="Seifert, B." box="[1248,1314,1721,1745]" pageId="52" pageNumber="67" pagination="365 - 374" refId="ref52253" refString="Seifert, B. (2019 a): Hybridization in the European carpenter ants Camponotus herculeanus and C. ligniperda (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). - Insectes Sociaux 66: 365 - 374. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00040 - 019 - 00693 - 0" type="journal article" year="2019">2019a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F90A4B51FD09FFF6FA95F9515F3EF920" author="Seifert, B." box="[1328,1395,1721,1745]" pageId="52" pageNumber="67" pagination="291 - 300" refId="ref52306" refString="Seifert, B. (2019 b): Lasius nigroemarginatus Forel, 1874 is a F 1 Hybrid between L. emarginatus (Olivier, 1792) and L. platythorax Seifert, 1991 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). - Beitrage zur Entomologie 69 (2): 291 - 300." type="journal article" year="2019">2019b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F90A4B51FD09FFF6FCB7F93259A9F903" author="Seifert, B. & J. Kulmuni & P. Pamilo" box="[786,996,1754,1778]" pageId="52" pageNumber="67" pagination="1219 - 1237" refId="ref52758" refString="Seifert, B., J. Kulmuni & P. Pamilo (2010): Independent hybrid populations of Formica polyctena X rufa wood ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) abound under conditions of forest fragmentation. - Evolutionary Ecology 24 (5): 1219 - 1237." type="journal article" year="2010">Seifert et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Occasional hybridization between Iberian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD09FFF6FCC2F914599AF8E2" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1909" box="[871,983,1787,1811]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD09FFF6FCC2F914599AF8E2" box="[871,983,1787,1811]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">L. grandis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD09FFF6FBAEF9145EFDF8E2" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[1035,1200,1788,1811]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emarginatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD09FFF6FBAEF9145EFDF8E2" box="[1035,1200,1788,1811]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">L. emarginatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does in fact occur in the contact zone in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E58C7630FD09FFF6FBD8F8F45E84F8C2" box="[1149,1225,1820,1843]" name="France" pageId="52" pageNumber="67">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
. A nest sample of
|
||
<specimenCount id="8B9DFD29FD09FFF6FC9DF8D55988F8A4" box="[824,965,1853,1877]" count="5" pageId="52" pageNumber="67" type="worker">five workers</specimenCount>
|
||
from Mount La Rhune (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F8AF5067FD09FFF6FB58F8D55F3FF8A4" box="[1277,1394,1853,1877]" degrees="43.3079" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="67" precision="5" value="43.3079">43.3079°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F8AF5067FD09FFF6FCB7F8B55937F884" box="[786,890,1885,1909]" degrees="1.6318" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="67" precision="5" value="-1.6318">1.6318°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="5A639B45FD09FFF6FC21F8B5598BF887" box="[900,966,1885,1910]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.55" pageId="52" pageNumber="67" unit="m" value="855.0">855 m</quantity>
|
||
) is placed exactly intermediate between the clusters of the parental species when run as wild-card in an LDA considering all 16 standard NUMOBAT characters. The posterior probabilities of this sample are p=0.404 for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD08FFF7FEE2FEFB5BA3FEDB" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[327,494,275,298]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emarginatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD08FFF7FEE2FEFB5BA3FEDB" box="[327,494,275,298]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="68">L. emarginatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and p=0.596 for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD08FFF7FD0AFEFB596CFEDB" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1909" box="[687,801,274,298]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD08FFF7FD0AFEFB596CFEDB" box="[687,801,274,298]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="68">L. grandis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
whereas the most uncertain samples of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD08FFF7FDDCFEDC596CFEBA" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[633,801,308,331]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emarginatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD08FFF7FDDCFEDC596CFEBA" box="[633,801,308,331]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="68">L. emarginatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD08FFF7FF56FEBD5B21FE9D" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1909" box="[243,364,340,364]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD08FFF7FF56FEBD5B21FE9D" box="[243,364,340,364]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="68">L. grandis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have posterior probabilities of 0.981 and 0.996 respectively. Morphological data exclude the involvement of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD08FFF7FECFFE7F5B8FFE5F" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[362,450,407,430]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD08FFF7FECFFE7F5B8FFE5F" box="[362,450,407,430]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="68">L. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD08FFF7FE59FE7F58D7FE5F" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="1991" box="[508,666,406,430]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="platythorax">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD08FFF7FE59FE7F58D7FE5F" box="[508,666,406,430]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="68">L. platythorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in this case and make involvement of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD08FFF7FE76FE505801FE3F" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="1992" box="[467,588,439,463]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinereus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD08FFF7FE76FE505801FE3F" box="[467,588,439,463]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="68">L. cinereus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
most unlikely.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9D2436A0FD08FFF7FF71FE3058C9FC4D" blockId="53.[189,804,241,956]" pageId="53" pageNumber="68">
|
||
The Corsican population of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9B4D23FD08FFF7FD91FE305891FE01" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1909" box="[564,732,472,496]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFEFEAB2FD08FFF7FD91FE305891FE01" box="[564,732,472,496]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="68">Lasius grandis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with lighter reddish specimens has been suspected of possibly representing an endemic island species but any attempt to show this by exploratory data analyses failed. Corsican and Iberian populations are not separable by structural characters, both subjectively and by the standard NUMOBAT characters. Furthermore, adding to the NUMOBAT data standardized pigmentation measurements performed in the RGB (Red-Green-Blue) channels did also not provide clusters interpretable as different species. The Corsican and Iberian populations differed significantly in the color-balanced (calibrated) R-values of dorsal pronotum (ANOVA F
|
||
<subScript id="011F34E5FD08FFF7FD4DFCB95945FCAE" attach="left" box="[744,776,849,863]" fontSize="6" pageId="53" pageNumber="68">1,140</subScript>
|
||
= 7.277, p<0.008) and the geometric mean of the six absolute RGB-values of head and pronotum (ANOVA F
|
||
<subScript id="011F34E5FD08FFF7FD0FFC7B5886FC50" attach="left" box="[682,715,915,929]" fontSize="6" pageId="53" pageNumber="68">1,140</subScript>
|
||
= 7.612, p<0.007) but the overlap of data is very large.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |