326 lines
43 KiB
XML
326 lines
43 KiB
XML
<document id="F78EBDF319FA92609722E1D106A2DC8D" ID-DOI="10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00466.x" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5445358" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630458879514" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Biju, S. D. & Bossuyt, Franky" docDate="2009" docId="03F5945FFFB41E60FC42FC2DFCF9C743" docLanguage="en" docName="j.1096-3642.2008.00466.x.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155 (2)" docSource="https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00466.x" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8.2:ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleId="0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Philautus chotta Biju & Bossuyt 2009, SP. NOV." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="407" masterDocId="FFCCEC27FFAB1E41FFE9FFFDFF8CC65A" masterDocTitle="Systematics and phylogeny of Philautus Gistel, 1848 (Anura, Rhacophoridae) in the Western Ghats of India, with descriptions of 12 new species" masterLastPageNumber="444" masterPageNumber="374" pageNumber="405" updateTime="1699278541911" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="24324BF5F7837325EC293DA85D5AE763">Systematics and phylogeny of Philautus Gistel, 1848 (Anura, Rhacophoridae) in the Western Ghats of India, with descriptions of 12 new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E8891B69E36B9CFE59D20E3AE6DC5D93">Biju, S. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0E6BCCAFF60E9F2BE9D482CC5DB629A0">Bossuyt, Franky</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C31CA722A4BA953DCACD5BBC8B5CA15F">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="1F40B0826F073A6EA15295067F53412D">
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<mods:date id="9C6901D27B644665921ED07740F68E69">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0B4AB04F814F315612321D5ACEE97052">2009-02-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="D023E85065BDA4C99EC882D7E4A7F777">155</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="756D63118F778376E9B818C020E721AD">https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00466.x</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="2D8C6F3F9C8C687B0064535E426DE3D3" type="DOI">10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00466.x</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="C34676C2FFB41E5EFC42FC2DFA84C5BE" box="[939,1288,975,997]" pageId="31" pageNumber="405" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE32549FFB41E5EFC42FC2DFA84C5BE" blockId="31.[939,1288,975,997]" box="[939,1288,975,997]" pageId="31" pageNumber="405">
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<heading id="D0AB9225FFB41E5EFC42FC2DFA84C5BE" box="[939,1288,975,997]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="405" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFFB41E5EFC42FC2DFB15C5BE" ID-CoL="4G5FB" authority="Biju & Bossuyt, 2009" authorityName="Biju & Bossuyt" authorityYear="2009" box="[939,1177,976,997]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="31" pageNumber="386" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chotta" status="sp. nov.">PHILAUTUS CHOTTA</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B928F95BFFB41E5EFB4AFC2EFA84C5BE" bold="true" box="[1187,1288,975,996]" pageId="31" pageNumber="405">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B4420FFB41E5EFB4AFC2EFA84C5BE" box="[1187,1288,975,996]" pageId="31" pageNumber="405" rank="species">SP. NOV.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C34676C2FFB41E60FC9AFC0BFCF9C743" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="407" pageId="31" pageNumber="405" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE32549FFB41E5EFC9AFC0BFACDC256" blockId="31.[883,1345,1014,1036]" box="[883,1345,1014,1036]" pageId="31" pageNumber="405">
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(
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<figureCitation id="136739CCFFB41E5EFC92FC0BFC4BC251" box="[891,967,1014,1035]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[164,243,1531,1550]" captionTargetBox="[167,1442,195,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-103@6.[164,1444,193,1501]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum-likelihood phylogram (GTR + G + I; –Ln L = 14 763.97) for the mitochondrial DNA data set of 1488 bp of 34 taxa of Western Ghats Philautus and five outgroup species. Numbers above branches indicate nonparametric bootstrap values under maximum parsimony (MP). Numbers below branches indicate Bayesian posterior probabilities. *Values of less than 50." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445362/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="405">FIGS 2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="136739CCFFB41E5EFC3FFC0BFB8BC251" box="[982,1031,1014,1035]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="30.[164,243,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[184,1422,197,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-0@30.[182,1425,194,1813]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 23. Distribution map. A, Philautus chlorosomma sp nov.; B, Philautus chotta sp. nov.; C, Philautus chromasynchysi sp. nov.; D, Philautus coonoorensis sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445402" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445402/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="405">23B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="136739CCFFB41E5EFBFFFC0BFBE5C251" box="[1046,1129,1014,1035]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="31.[144,223,1853,1872]" captionTargetBox="[306,1260,1303,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-466@31.[303,1263,1300,1823]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 24. Holotype of Philautus chotta sp. nov. (BNHS 4427). A, dorsal view; B, lateral view of head; C, ventral view of hand; D, ventral view of foot. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445404" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445404/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="405">24A–D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="136739CCFFB41E5EFB9EFC0BFAA8C251" box="[1143,1316,1014,1036]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="32.[164,243,1031,1050]" captionTargetBox="[168,777,195,1001]" captionTargetId="figure-601@32.[168,777,195,1001]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 25. Holotype of Philautus chotta sp. nov. A, holotype (BNHS 4427) photographed on an Indian 5-rupee coin (24-mm in diameter); B, paratype (BNHS 4431) from Ponmudi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445406" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445406/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="405">25A, B; TABLE</figureCitation>
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2)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE32549FFB41E61FCCFFBE0FAE8C457" blockId="31.[806,1422,1052,1258]" lastBlockId="32.[826,1441,198,526]" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="406" pageId="31" pageNumber="405">
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<emphasis id="B928F95BFFB41E5EFCCFFBE0FC47C26B" box="[806,971,1052,1074]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="405">Type material:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B342F14FFB41E61FC3DFBE1FAE8C457" collectingDate="1982-05" collectingDateMax="2002-07-18" collectingDateMin="1982-05" collectionCode="SVL, SDB" collectorName="Robert F. Inger & Bradley Shaffer" country="India" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="406" location="Ponmudi" municipality="Thiruvananthapuram District" pageId="31" pageNumber="405" specimenCode="BNHS 4427, BNHS 4428-4432, FMNH 218101, SVL 16.7, SVL 18.4" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" stateProvince="Kerala" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54E79BEBFFB41E5EFC3DFBE1FBB1C268" box="[980,1085,1052,1074]" pageId="31" pageNumber="405" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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,
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<specimenCode id="DBFA8D32FFB41E5EFBA3FBE0FB5AC268" box="[1098,1238,1053,1074]" collectionCode="BNHS" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="31" pageNumber="405">BNHS 4427</specimenCode>
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, an adult male,
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<collectionCode id="ED4DBD8CFFB41E5EFCCFFBC6FCD4C20A" box="[806,856,1083,1104]" pageId="31" pageNumber="405">SVL</collectionCode>
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16.0 mm, collected by
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<collectionCode id="ED4DBD8CFFB41E5EFBB4FBC6FB1DC20A" box="[1117,1169,1083,1104]" pageId="31" pageNumber="405">SDB</collectionCode>
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on
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<date id="FFE20389FFB41E5EFB55FBC6FADCC20A" box="[1212,1360,1083,1105]" pageId="31" pageNumber="405" value="2002-07-18">
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<collectingDate id="EFA6FA61FFB41E5EFB55FBC6FADCC20A" box="[1212,1360,1083,1105]" pageId="31" pageNumber="405" value="2002-07-18">18 July 2002</collectingDate>
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</date>
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from
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<location id="8E837392FFB41E5EFCCFFBA7FC03C22A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F5945FFFB41E60FC42FC2DFCF9C743:8E837392FFB41E5EFCCFFBA7FC03C22A" box="[806,911,1114,1136]" country="India" municipality="Thiruvananthapuram District" name="Ponmudi" pageId="31" pageNumber="405" stateProvince="Kerala">Ponmudi</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6B87BF33FFB41E5EFC44FBA7FA97C22A" box="[941,1307,1114,1136]" pageId="31" pageNumber="405">Thiruvananthapuram District</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="4998EBABFFB41E5EFAD0FBA7FA05C22A" box="[1337,1417,1114,1136]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="31" pageNumber="405">Kerala</collectingRegion>
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||
,
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<collectingCountry id="F34B65D9FFB41E5EFCCFFB85FCE9C2D4" box="[806,869,1144,1166]" name="India" pageId="31" pageNumber="405">India</collectingCountry>
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||
;
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<typeStatus id="54E79BEBFFB41E5EFC9BFB84FC6AC2D4" box="[882,998,1145,1166]" pageId="31" pageNumber="405" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
,
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<specimenCode id="DBFA8D32FFB41E5EFC1BFB85FB4EC2D7" box="[1010,1218,1144,1165]" collectionCode="BNHS" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="31" pageNumber="405">BNHS 4428–4432</specimenCode>
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,
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<specimenCount id="9D5AEEC0FFB41E5EFB27FB85FAB7C2D4" box="[1230,1339,1144,1166]" pageId="31" pageNumber="405" type="adult">five adult</specimenCount>
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males, collected along with the
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<typeStatus id="54E79BEBFFB41E5EFBD5FB6AFB13C2F7" box="[1084,1183,1175,1197]" pageId="31" pageNumber="405" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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, and
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<specimenCode id="DBFA8D32FFB41E5EFB34FB6AFA05C2F6" box="[1245,1417,1175,1196]" collectionCode="FMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="31" pageNumber="405" type="Museum">FMNH 218101</specimenCode>
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, an adult female collected by
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<collectorName id="26A9409FFFB41E5EFB7CFB48FADFC291" box="[1173,1363,1205,1227]" pageId="31" pageNumber="405">Robert F. Inger</collectorName>
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and
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<collectorName id="26A9409FFFB41E5EFCCFFB29FC51C2B0" box="[806,989,1236,1258]" pageId="31" pageNumber="405">Bradley Shaffer</collectorName>
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in
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<date id="FFE20389FFB41E5EFBEEFB28FBF6C2B3" box="[1031,1146,1236,1258]" pageId="31" pageNumber="405" value="1982-05">
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<collectingDate id="EFA6FA61FFB41E5EFBEEFB28FBF6C2B3" box="[1031,1146,1236,1258]" pageId="31" pageNumber="405" value="1982-05">May 1982</collectingDate>
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</date>
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from the same locality. forwards along the body axis (vs. reaches below the eye); differs from
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<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFF8B1E61FBF0FF18FB6BC6A3" box="[1049,1255,228,250]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="32" pageNumber="406" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuberohumerus">
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<emphasis id="B928F95BFF8B1E61FBF0FF18FB6BC6A3" box="[1049,1255,228,250]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="406">P. tuberohumerus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by its smaller snout–vent length,
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<specimenCode id="DBFA8D32FF8B1E61FBCEFEFEFB1BC743" box="[1063,1175,259,281]" collectionCode="SVL" pageId="32" pageNumber="406">SVL 16.7</specimenCode>
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±
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<quantity id="4CA488ACFF8B1E61FB5AFEFEFA84C742" box="[1203,1288,259,280]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="406" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
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<emphasis id="B928F95BFF8B1E61FAFEFEF9FAA7C743" box="[1303,1323,260,281]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="406">N</emphasis>
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||
= 7, male (vs.
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||
<specimenCode id="DBFA8D32FF8B1E61FC86FEDFFC51C76D" box="[879,989,290,311]" collectionCode="SVL" pageId="32" pageNumber="406">SVL 18.4</specimenCode>
|
||
±
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||
<quantity id="4CA488ACFF8B1E61FC10FEDCFBC2C76D" box="[1017,1102,289,311]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="406" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
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<emphasis id="B928F95BFF8B1E61FBB2FEDFFBE3C76D" box="[1115,1135,290,311]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="406">N</emphasis>
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||
= 6, male), snout sharply pointed (vs. subelliptical), canthus rostralis sharp (vs. rounded), posterior surface of thighs light grey (vs. dark brown with large yellow or reddish yellow blotches), inner side of shanks with light brown blotches (vs. without markings), tibiotarsal articulation reaches up to nostril when stretched forwards along the body axis (vs. reaches up to the eye).
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<caption id="DF2375C1FFB41E5EFF79F8C0FD3DC134" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445404" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5445404" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445404/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="405" startId="31.[144,223,1853,1872]" targetBox="[306,1260,1303,1823]" targetPageId="31">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE32549FFB41E5EFF79F8C0FD3DC134" blockId="31.[144,1421,1853,1902]" pageId="31" pageNumber="405">
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||
<emphasis id="B928F95BFFB41E5EFF79F8C0FE89C10A" bold="true" box="[144,261,1853,1872]" pageId="31" pageNumber="405">Figure 24.</emphasis>
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||
Holotype of
|
||
<emphasis id="B928F95BFFB41E5EFE79F8C0FD3EC10A" bold="true" box="[400,690,1853,1872]" pageId="31" pageNumber="405">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFFB41E5EFE79F8C0FDD9C10A" authority="Biju & Bossuyt, 2009" authorityName="Biju & Bossuyt" authorityYear="2009" box="[400,597,1853,1872]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="31" pageNumber="405" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chotta" status="sp. nov.">
|
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<emphasis id="B928F95BFFB41E5EFE79F8C0FDD9C10A" bold="true" box="[400,597,1853,1872]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="405">Philautus chotta</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B4420FFB41E5EFDB2F8C0FD3EC10A" box="[603,690,1853,1872]" pageId="31" pageNumber="405" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
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(BNHS 4427). A, dorsal view; B, lateral view of head; C, ventral view of hand; D, ventral view of foot. Scale bars: 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF2375C1FF8B1E61FF4DFBFAFE85C228" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445406" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5445406" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445406/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="406" startId="32.[164,243,1031,1050]" targetBox="[168,777,195,1001]" targetPageId="32">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF8B1E61FF4DFBFAFE85C228" blockId="32.[164,779,1031,1138]" pageId="32" pageNumber="406">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF8B1E61FF4DFBFAFE95C240" bold="true" box="[164,281,1031,1050]" pageId="32" pageNumber="406">Figure 25.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF8B1E61FE58FBFAFD64C240" bold="true" box="[433,744,1031,1050]" pageId="32" pageNumber="406">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFF8B1E61FE58FBFAFDF1C240" authority="Biju & Bossuyt, 2009" authorityName="Biju & Bossuyt" authorityYear="2009" box="[433,637,1031,1050]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="32" pageNumber="406" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chotta" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF8B1E61FE58FBFAFDF1C240" bold="true" box="[433,637,1031,1050]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="406">Philautus chotta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B4420FF8B1E61FD62FBFAFD64C240" box="[651,744,1031,1050]" pageId="32" pageNumber="406" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A, holotype (BNHS 4427) photographed on an Indian 5-rupee coin (24-mm in diameter); B, paratype (BNHS 4431) from Ponmudi.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF8B1E61FF4DFB50FE31C2B8" blockId="32.[164,778,1197,1250]" pageId="32" pageNumber="406">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF8B1E61FF4DFB50FE3BC298" box="[164,439,1197,1218]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="406">Other material studied:</emphasis>
|
||
FMNH 218107, adult male, from Ponmudi (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6DE10F2FF8B1E61FEB2FB31FE3DC2B8" box="[347,433,1228,1250]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="10.[113,177,400,421]" captionText="Table 2. Morphometric measurements (in mm) of the specimens used in this study" pageId="32" pageNumber="406">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF8B1E61FF4DFAE9FD69C044" blockId="32.[164,779,1299,1903]" pageId="32" pageNumber="406">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF8B1E61FF4DFAE9FE60C372" box="[164,492,1299,1321]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="406">
|
||
Diagnosis:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFF8B1E61FEC0FAEEFE60C372" authority="Biju & Bossuyt, 2009" authorityName="Biju & Bossuyt" authorityYear="2009" box="[297,492,1299,1320]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="32" pageNumber="406" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chotta" status="sp. nov.">Philautus chotta</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B4420FF8B1E61FE13FAE9FDDAC373" box="[506,598,1300,1321]" pageId="32" pageNumber="406" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
can be distinguished from known congeners by the following combination of characters: (1) small adult size (SVL 16.7 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CA488ACFF8B1E61FF19FA92FECBC3DF" box="[240,327,1391,1413]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="406" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF8B1E61FEB6FA8DFEFFC3DF" box="[351,371,1392,1413]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="406">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 7, male; SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4CA488ACFF8B1E61FDA2FA92FD23C3DF" box="[587,687,1391,1413]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" pageId="32" pageNumber="406" unit="mm" value="20.5">20.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF8B1E61FD2EFA8DFD57C3DF" box="[711,731,1392,1413]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="406">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 1, female); (2) snout in dorsal view sharply pointed; (3) prominent tubercles on upper eyelid; (4) dark spot on either side towards the vent; (5) vermiculated posterior surface of the shanks; (6) very long hindlimbs, strongly overlapping when folded at right angles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF8B1E61FF55F9DAFC1CC5E0" blockId="32.[164,779,1299,1903]" lastBlockId="32.[826,1441,565,1689]" pageId="32" pageNumber="406">
|
||
Although this species is morphologically unique, we compare it here with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFF8B1E61FDEFF9B8FEFBC020" authority="(Boulenger, 1906)" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1906" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="32" pageNumber="406" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annandalii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF8B1E61FDEFF9B8FC86C000" box="[518,778,1605,1626]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="406">Philautus annandalii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD58B8FF8B1E61FF42F999FEE3C020" author="Boulenger GA" box="[171,367,1636,1658]" pageId="32" pageNumber="406" pagination="385" refId="ref43191" refString="Boulenger GA. 1906. Description of two Indian frogs. Journal & Proceedings of Asiatic Society of Bengal, (n. s) 2: 385." type="journal article" year="1906">Boulenger, 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFF8B1E61FE2FF998FD14C023" box="[454,664,1636,1658]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="32" pageNumber="406" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuberohumerus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF8B1E61FE2FF998FD14C023" box="[454,664,1636,1658]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="406">P. tuberohumerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, both of which are of comparable size. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFF8B1E61FD95F97EFD6CC0C2" authority="Biju & Bossuyt, 2009" authorityName="Biju & Bossuyt" authorityYear="2009" box="[636,736,1667,1688]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="32" pageNumber="406" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chotta" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF8B1E61FD95F97EFD6CC0C2" box="[636,736,1667,1688]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="406">P. chotta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B4420FF8B1E61FD03F97EFF5DC0ED" pageId="32" pageNumber="406" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFF8B1E61FE81F95FFD88C0EC" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[360,516,1697,1719]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="32" pageNumber="406" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annandalii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF8B1E61FE81F95FFD88C0EC" box="[360,516,1697,1719]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="406">P. annandalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its sharply pointed snout (vs. oval), canthus rostralis sharp (vs. rounded), upper eyelids with a few prominent tubercles (vs. shagreened), a dark spot on either side towards the vent (vs. absent), inner side of shanks with lightbrown blotches (vs. without markings), tibiotarsal articulation reaches up to nostril when stretched
|
||
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF8B1E61FCD3FDCBFA2DC410" box="[826,1441,565,587]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="406">
|
||
Description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E79BEBFF8B1E61FBE3FDC8FBE4C410" box="[1034,1128,565,586]" pageId="32" pageNumber="406" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(all measurements in mm):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Small frog (SVL 16.0) with a slender body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF8B1E61FADCFDA9FA11C433" box="[1333,1437,596,618]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="31.[144,223,1853,1872]" captionTargetBox="[306,1260,1303,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-466@31.[303,1263,1300,1823]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 24. Holotype of Philautus chotta sp. nov. (BNHS 4427). A, dorsal view; B, lateral view of head; C, ventral view of hand; D, ventral view of foot. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445404" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445404/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="406">Figs 24A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF8B1E61FCD3FD8FFC01C4D2" box="[826,909,626,648]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="32.[164,243,1031,1050]" captionTargetBox="[168,777,195,1001]" captionTargetId="figure-601@32.[168,777,195,1001]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 25. Holotype of Philautus chotta sp. nov. A, holotype (BNHS 4427) photographed on an Indian 5-rupee coin (24-mm in diameter); B, paratype (BNHS 4431) from Ponmudi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445406" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445406/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="406">25A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
); head length (HL 5.8) slightly shorter than width (HW 6.0; MN 5.0; MFE 4.0; MBE 1.9); outline of snout in dorsal view sharply pointed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF8B1E61FADBFD52FA1AC49C" box="[1330,1430,687,710]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="31.[144,223,1853,1872]" captionTargetBox="[306,1260,1303,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-466@31.[303,1263,1300,1823]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 24. Holotype of Philautus chotta sp. nov. (BNHS 4427). A, dorsal view; B, lateral view of head; C, ventral view of hand; D, ventral view of foot. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445404" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445404/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="406">Fig. 24A</figureCitation>
|
||
), snout length (SL 2.6) almost equal to the horizontal diameter of the eye (EL 2.7); canthus rostralis sharp, loreal region acutely concave; distance between posterior margins of eyes (IBE 5.8) 1.7 times the distance between anterior margins of eyes (IFE 3.4); tympanum (TYD 0.8) rather indistinct; supratympanic fold rather indistinct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF8B1E61FBE3FC7BFBE1C5C6" box="[1034,1133,902,924]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="31.[144,223,1853,1872]" captionTargetBox="[306,1260,1303,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-466@31.[303,1263,1300,1823]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 24. Holotype of Philautus chotta sp. nov. (BNHS 4427). A, dorsal view; B, lateral view of head; C, ventral view of hand; D, ventral view of foot. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445404" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445404/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="406">Fig. 24B</figureCitation>
|
||
); tongue without a lingual papilla.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF8B1E61FCBAFC3EFA05C2CA" blockId="32.[826,1441,565,1689]" pageId="32" pageNumber="406">
|
||
Forelimb (FLL 4.0) shorter than hand (HAL 4.6; TFL 2.6); fingers without lateral dermal fringe, webbing absent; subarticular tubercles prominent, rounded, single, III2 and IV2 absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF8B1E61FADBFBE2FA19C26F" box="[1330,1429,1055,1077]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="31.[144,223,1853,1872]" captionTargetBox="[306,1260,1303,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-466@31.[303,1263,1300,1823]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 24. Holotype of Philautus chotta sp. nov. (BNHS 4427). A, dorsal view; B, lateral view of head; C, ventral view of hand; D, ventral view of foot. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445404" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445404/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="406">Fig. 24C</figureCitation>
|
||
); prepollex rather indistinct; palmar tubercle small, rounded; supernumerary tubercles weakly developed on fingers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF8B1E61FC56FB87FBAFC2CB" box="[959,1059,1146,1169]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="31.[144,223,1853,1872]" captionTargetBox="[306,1260,1303,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-466@31.[303,1263,1300,1823]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 24. Holotype of Philautus chotta sp. nov. (BNHS 4427). A, dorsal view; B, lateral view of head; C, ventral view of hand; D, ventral view of foot. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445404" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445404/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="406">Fig. 24C</figureCitation>
|
||
); nuptial pad present, smooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF8B1E61FCBAFB64FB1FC398" blockId="32.[826,1441,565,1689]" pageId="32" pageNumber="406">
|
||
Hindlimbs moderately long, shank (ShL 8.7) longer than thigh (TL 8.3), longer than distance from base of inner metatarsal tubercle to the tip of toe IV (FOL 6.6); distance from heel to tip of toe IV (TFOL 11.1); webbing rather rudimentary (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF8B1E61FB72FAEEFA8CC373" box="[1179,1280,1299,1321]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="31.[144,223,1853,1872]" captionTargetBox="[306,1260,1303,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-466@31.[303,1263,1300,1823]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 24. Holotype of Philautus chotta sp. nov. (BNHS 4427). A, dorsal view; B, lateral view of head; C, ventral view of hand; D, ventral view of foot. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445404" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445404/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="406">Fig. 24D</figureCitation>
|
||
); reaching up to the third subarticular tubercle on either side of toe IV; dermal fringe along toe V absent; subarticular tubercles rather prominent, rounded, simple, IV2 and V2 weakly developed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF8B1E61FB81FA73FB41C3FE" box="[1128,1229,1422,1444]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="31.[144,223,1853,1872]" captionTargetBox="[306,1260,1303,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-466@31.[303,1263,1300,1823]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 24. Holotype of Philautus chotta sp. nov. (BNHS 4427). A, dorsal view; B, lateral view of head; C, ventral view of hand; D, ventral view of foot. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445404" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445404/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="406">Fig. 24D</figureCitation>
|
||
); supernumerary tubercles present throughout.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF8B1E61FCBAFA36FB39C0C3" blockId="32.[826,1441,565,1689]" pageId="32" pageNumber="406">
|
||
Skin of snout shagreened, between eyes granular, upper eyelids with a few prominent tubercles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF8B1E61FCABF9F5FC40C044" box="[834,972,1544,1566]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="32.[164,243,1031,1050]" captionTargetBox="[168,777,195,1001]" captionTargetId="figure-601@32.[168,777,195,1001]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 25. Holotype of Philautus chotta sp. nov. A, holotype (BNHS 4427) photographed on an Indian 5-rupee coin (24-mm in diameter); B, paratype (BNHS 4431) from Ponmudi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445406" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445406/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="406">Fig. 25A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
), side of head shagreened to slightly granular, anterior and posterior parts of back, upper and lower parts of flank shagreened; throat shagreened to glandular, chest slightly granular; belly and thigh prominently granular.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF8B1E60FCD3F93DFD6FC476" blockId="32.[826,1441,1728,1903]" lastBlockId="33.[144,759,198,862]" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="407" pageId="32" pageNumber="406">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF8B1E61FCD3F93DFB93C08F" box="[826,1055,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="406">
|
||
Colour of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E79BEBFF8B1E61FC53F93DFB95C08F" box="[954,1049,1728,1749]" pageId="32" pageNumber="406" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
In life: dorsum yellowish grey (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF8B1E61FCABF923FC28C0AE" box="[834,932,1758,1780]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="32.[164,243,1031,1050]" captionTargetBox="[168,777,195,1001]" captionTargetId="figure-601@32.[168,777,195,1001]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 25. Holotype of Philautus chotta sp. nov. A, holotype (BNHS 4427) photographed on an Indian 5-rupee coin (24-mm in diameter); B, paratype (BNHS 4431) from Ponmudi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445406" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445406/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="406">Fig. 25A</figureCitation>
|
||
) with various numbers of light-brown, tan, and brown markings, a pair of dark lines between eyes, filled with light brown, an hourglass-shaped area that is slightly darker than the dorsum, a dark spot towards the hindlimb, forming a continuation of the largest leg bar when limbs are flexed into normal sitting posture, lateral abdominal area light brown, tinged with bronze, tympanic region light brown; iris light-grey–brown with dark-brown cross band, encircled with light golden ring; forelimbs and hindlimbs light brown, with dark-brown cross bands, finger tips grey, anterior and posterior margins of thigh light brown; ventral side off white, with various numbers of brown, light-grey and pale-yellow spots forming a vermiculated pattern, throat darkbrownish yellow, margins with dark bands interrupted with white bands, foot and hand light grey.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF8A1E60FF41FDC8FEC6C504" blockId="33.[144,759,198,862]" pageId="33" pageNumber="407">
|
||
In preservation: dark-grey dorsum with light-brown spots, lateral region light brown, a black spot on either side towards the vent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF8A1E60FDDBFD8FFD1AC4D2" box="[562,662,626,648]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="31.[144,223,1853,1872]" captionTargetBox="[306,1260,1303,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-466@31.[303,1263,1300,1823]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 24. Holotype of Philautus chotta sp. nov. (BNHS 4427). A, dorsal view; B, lateral view of head; C, ventral view of hand; D, ventral view of foot. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445404" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445404/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="407">Fig. 24A</figureCitation>
|
||
); darkbrownish band between eye and groin enclosing an hourglass marking filled with grey, loreal and tympanic regions grey with irregular white patches, dorsal surface of forelimb and hindlimb light grey with dark-brown cross bands; ventral side uniformly greyish with irregular spots, tibia with brownish black markings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF8A1E60FF79FC7BFF52C2B6" blockId="33.[144,759,902,1260]" pageId="33" pageNumber="407">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF8A1E60FF79FC7BFE8CC5C1" box="[144,256,902,923]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="407">Variation:</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5AEEC0FF8A1E60FE13FC7BFD31C5C6" box="[506,701,902,924]" pageId="33" pageNumber="407" type="generic">eight specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
are given in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6DE10F2FF8A1E60FF14FC59FEDEC5E3" box="[253,338,932,954]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="10.[113,177,400,421]" captionText="Table 2. Morphometric measurements (in mm) of the specimens used in this study" pageId="33" pageNumber="407">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
. The dorsal coloration is relatively constant in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E79BEBFF8A1E60FEBAFC3EFE08C582" box="[339,388,963,984]" pageId="33" pageNumber="407">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series, but
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B342F14FF8A1E60FDF3FC3EFE5EC209" collectionCode="BNHS" pageId="33" pageNumber="407" specimenCode="BNHS 4432" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFA8D32FF8A1E60FDF3FC3EFD2BC582" box="[538,679,963,984]" collectionCode="BNHS" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="33" pageNumber="407">BNHS 4432</specimenCode>
|
||
has a uniform dark-grey dorsum with a triangular lightgrey snout from the tip to just above the level of the eyes, a dark-grey stripe between the eyes, and a pair of creamy bands on dorsum
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B342F14FF8A1E60FE36FBC0FF57C2B6" collectionCode="BNHS" pageId="33" pageNumber="407" specimenCode="BNHS 4428, BNHS 4431" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFA8D32FF8A1E60FE36FBC0FDE5C208" box="[479,617,1085,1106]" collectionCode="BNHS" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="33" pageNumber="407">BNHS 4428</specimenCode>
|
||
has a darkgrey dorsum with a dark band in between the eyes, and a faintly greyish brown longitudinal marking on the dorsum. In captivity (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFA8D32FF8A1E60FE54FB64FDC6C2F4" box="[445,586,1177,1198]" collectionCode="BNHS" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="33" pageNumber="407">BNHS 4431</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF8A1E60FDB1FB64FD37C2F5" box="[600,699,1177,1199]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="32.[164,243,1031,1050]" captionTargetBox="[168,777,195,1001]" captionTargetId="figure-601@32.[168,777,195,1001]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 25. Holotype of Philautus chotta sp. nov. A, holotype (BNHS 4427) photographed on an Indian 5-rupee coin (24-mm in diameter); B, paratype (BNHS 4431) from Ponmudi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445406" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445406/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="407">Fig. 25B</figureCitation>
|
||
), the colour changes from light greyish brown to dark brown
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF8A1E60FF79FAEEFD7CC312" blockId="33.[144,758,1299,1352]" pageId="33" pageNumber="407">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF8A1E60FF79FAEEFE81C372" box="[144,269,1299,1320]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="407">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
The species epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFF8A1E60FDE4FAEEFDDFC372" authorityName="Biju & Bossuyt" authorityYear="2009" box="[525,595,1299,1320]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="33" pageNumber="407" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chotta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF8A1E60FDE4FAEEFDDFC372" box="[525,595,1299,1320]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="407">chotta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hindi word) means small, referring to the diminutive adult size.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF8A1E60FF79FA92FF6FC134" blockId="33.[144,759,1391,1902]" pageId="33" pageNumber="407">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF8A1E60FF79FA92FD43C3DE" box="[144,719,1391,1412]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="407">
|
||
Distribution and natural history:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFF8A1E60FDF8FA92FD43C3DE" authority="Biju & Bossuyt, 2009" authorityName="Biju & Bossuyt" authorityYear="2009" box="[529,719,1391,1412]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="33" pageNumber="407" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chotta" status="sp. nov.">Philautus chotta</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B4420FF8A1E60FD3FFA8DFF31C3F9" pageId="33" pageNumber="407" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is known only from the type locality, Ponmudi (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF8A1E60FF71FA51FF76C398" box="[152,250,1452,1474]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="30.[164,243,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[184,1422,197,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-0@30.[182,1425,194,1813]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 23. Distribution map. A, Philautus chlorosomma sp nov.; B, Philautus chotta sp. nov.; C, Philautus chromasynchysi sp. nov.; D, Philautus coonoorensis sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445402" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445402/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="407">Fig. 23B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6DE10F2FF8A1E60FEFDFA51FEEAC399" box="[276,358,1452,1475]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[164,228,200,219]" captionText="Table 1. Collection localities that are discussed in the text. Localities are arranged by state" pageId="33" pageNumber="407">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E79BEBFF8A1E60FE25FA51FDA1C398" box="[460,557,1452,1474]" pageId="33" pageNumber="407" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5AEEC0FF8A1E60FD68FA51FD7BC398" box="[641,759,1452,1474]" pageId="33" pageNumber="407" type="male">five male</specimenCount>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E79BEBFF8A1E60FF79FA36FE8DC3BA" box="[144,257,1483,1504]" pageId="33" pageNumber="407" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
were collected from leaves of a tea plant (at about 1-m height) from an abandoned tea plantation near disturbed evergreen forest patches. All were located by their calls during a rainy night. The sixth female
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E79BEBFF8A1E60FF0EF9BBFEC3C001" box="[231,335,1606,1627]" pageId="33" pageNumber="407" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
, FMNH 218101, was collected from the ground along with other 12 other individuals by Inger and Shaffer ‘either on the surface of dead leaves (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5AEEC0FF8A1E60FF71F95CFEAFC0ED" box="[152,291,1697,1719]" pageId="33" pageNumber="407" type="generic">9 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
) or beneath leaves or logs (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5AEEC0FF8A1E60FDB7F95CFD67C0ED" box="[606,747,1697,1719]" pageId="33" pageNumber="407" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
)’ (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD58B8FF8A1E60FF7EF93DFEE6C08C" author="Inger RF & Shaffer HB & Koshy M & Bakde R" box="[151,362,1728,1750]" pageId="33" pageNumber="407" pagination="551 - 570" refId="ref43700" refString="Inger RF, Shaffer HB, Koshy M, Bakde R. 1984. A report on a collection of amphibians and reptiles from the Ponmudi, Kerala, South India. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society 81: 551 - 570." type="journal article" year="1984">
|
||
Inger
|
||
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF8A1E60FF0AF93DFE97C08F" box="[227,283,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="407">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1984
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). During the present study, this species was surveyed at night-time, and all of the individuals were located at an average height of about
|
||
<quantity id="4CA488ACFF8A1E60FF79F8E1FF30C16B" box="[144,188,1820,1841]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="407" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
|
||
, although a few individuals were sighted on the forest floor in the daytime during the non-breeding season.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF8A1E60FCCFFF3BFCF9C743" blockId="33.[806,1421,198,281]" pageId="33" pageNumber="407">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF8A1E60FCCFFF3BFC1EC681" box="[806,914,198,219]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="407">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
The new species was ascribed to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFF8A1E60FAF2FF3BFA01C681" authorityName="Rao" authorityYear="1937" box="[1307,1421,198,219]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="33" pageNumber="407" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="charius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF8A1E60FAF2FF3BFA01C681" box="[1307,1421,198,219]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="407">P. charius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(FMNH 218101, FMNH 218107) by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD58B8FF8A1E60FAEAFF18FCFDC743" author="Inger RF & Shaffer HB & Koshy M & Bakde R" pageId="33" pageNumber="407" pagination="551 - 570" refId="ref43700" refString="Inger RF, Shaffer HB, Koshy M, Bakde R. 1984. A report on a collection of amphibians and reptiles from the Ponmudi, Kerala, South India. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society 81: 551 - 570." type="journal article" year="1984">
|
||
Inger
|
||
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF8A1E60FABCFF18FA01C6A3" box="[1365,1421,228,250]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="407">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1984)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |