593 lines
73 KiB
XML
593 lines
73 KiB
XML
<document id="C27FD6DF6D464161A447F885362DB5CD" ID-CLB-Dataset="298660" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.12168227" ID-GBIF-Dataset="178ed053-7081-4927-96dd-277fa0d92e5e" ID-ISSN="0870-3876" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12168227" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1718800477084" checkinUser="juliana" docAuthor="Heemstra, P. C." docDate="1991" docId="03EC35277179FFC1FCB1F96BFDF4FB2B" docLanguage="en" docName="BolMusMunFunchal.43.226.5-71.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Bol. Mus. Mun. Funchal 43 (226)" docTitle="Epinephelus Bloch 1793" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="FFD54D5F7170FFCDFFA6FFE7FFCCFFEA" masterDocTitle="A Taxonomic Revision Of The Eastern Atlantic Groupers (Pisces: Serranidae)" masterLastPageNumber="71" masterPageNumber="5" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1718813564701" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="9CAC146433345ED03D5E571B3A8E10B9">
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<mods:title id="728EB248D5F7DAC01F28E284E9DCA966">A Taxonomic Revision Of The Eastern Atlantic Groupers (Pisces: Serranidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CD2314375D96C1E469222EF4BD2AAB57">Heemstra, P. C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A7D4B108B6A4A6221E5A32C9F66FE82B">Bol. Mus. Mun. Funchal</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="185BF1BAB96704A1A5F8BC24D5DCDFC4">
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<mods:date id="480BF858DF9F2EA3D7A770944815E715">1991</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B2F6B58D4443D013E1A7E4951C8EC61E">1991-08-10</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="C2D13F02574C741BC5B5BB15BBF597FA">43</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03EC35277179FFC1FCB1F96BFDF4FB2B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12168037" ID-GBIF-Taxon="233229818" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12168037" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EC35277179FFC1FCB1F96BFDF4FB2B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC35277179FFC1FCB1F96BFDF4FB2B" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">
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<subSubSection id="C35FD7BA7179FFC4FCB1F96BFB72F94B" box="[791,1214,1676,1701]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFA84317179FFC4FCB1F96BFB72F94B" blockId="9.[791,1214,1676,1701]" box="[791,1214,1676,1701]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">
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<heading id="D0B2335D7179FFC4FCB1F96BFB72F94B" box="[791,1214,1676,1701]" centered="true" fontSize="7" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" reason="4">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27179FFC4FCC9F976FB72F94B" ID-CoL="4D84" authority="BLOCH, 1793" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[879,1214,1677,1701]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93158237179FFC4FCC9F976FBDAF948" bold="true" box="[879,1046,1681,1698]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">EPINEPHELUS</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07179FFC4FB87F96AFB72F94B" author="BLOCH, M. E." bookContentInfo="7: 1 - 144, 36 pls, Berlin" box="[1057,1214,1677,1701]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" refId="ref27106" refString="1793. Naturgeschichte der Auslundischen Fische, 7: 1 - 144, 36 pls, Berlin." title="Naturgeschichte der Auslundischen Fische" type="book" year="1793">BLOCH, 1793</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C35FD7BA7179FFC7FDAEF937FB97F9E2" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BFA84317179FFC4FDAEF937FC2BF8CB" blockId="9.[520,1489,1743,2420]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">
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<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27179FFC4FDAEF937FCFEF908" authority="BLOCH, 1793: 11" authorityName="Bloch" authorityPageNumber="11" authorityYear="1793" box="[520,818,1744,1768]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93158237179FFC4FDAEF937FD4FF902" box="[520,643,1744,1768]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Epinephelus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07179FFC4FD2AF936FCFEF908" author="BLOCH, M. E." bookContentInfo="7: 1 - 144, 36 pls, Berlin" box="[652,818,1744,1766]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" refId="ref27106" refString="1793. Naturgeschichte der Auslundischen Fische, 7: 1 - 144, 36 pls, Berlin." title="Naturgeschichte der Auslundischen Fische" type="book" year="1793">BLOCH, 1793: 11</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(type species,
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<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27179FFC4FC6AF928FA8DF909" authority="BLOCH, 1793" authorityName="BLOCH" authorityYear="1793" box="[972,1345,1743,1768]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marginalis">
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<emphasis id="B93158237179FFC4FC6AF928FB7AF90D" box="[972,1206,1743,1768]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Epinephelus marginalis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07179FFC4FB18F937FA8DF909" author="BLOCH, M. E." bookContentInfo="7: 1 - 144, 36 pls, Berlin" box="[1214,1345,1744,1766]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" refId="ref27106" refString="1793. Naturgeschichte der Auslundischen Fische, 7: 1 - 144, 36 pls, Berlin." title="Naturgeschichte der Auslundischen Fische" type="book" year="1793">BLOCH, 1793</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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[=
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<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27179FFC4FACBF935FD36F8EE" authority="(FORSSKAL, 1775)" baseAuthorityName="FORSSKAL" baseAuthorityYear="1775" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
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<emphasis id="B93158237179FFC4FACBF935FAB1F90E" box="[1389,1405,1746,1764]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">E</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B93158237179FFC4FA2EF936FD89F915" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">fasciatus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07179FFC4FDF6F90CFD3FF8EE" author="FORSSKAL, P." box="[592,755,1771,1797]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" refId="ref28676" refString="FORSSKAL, P.: 1775. Descriptiones auimalium ... piscium ... in itinere orientali observavit. 164 pp. Molleri, Hauniae." type="book" year="1775">FORSSKAL, 1775</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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], designated under the plenary powers of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, Opinion 93).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFA84317179FFC4FDAEF8C0FBC2F8B6" blockId="9.[520,1489,1743,2420]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">
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<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27179FFC4FDAEF8C0FCF0F8D2" authority="BONAPARTE, 1831: 167" authorityName="BONAPARTE" authorityPageNumber="167" authorityYear="1831" box="[520,828,1830,1852]" family="Holocentridae" genus="Holocentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beryciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="merou">
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<emphasis id="B93158237179FFC4FDAEF8C0FD86F8D3" box="[520,586,1831,1849]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Merou</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07179FFC4FDF3F8C0FCF0F8D2" author="BONAPARTE, C. L." box="[597,828,1830,1852]" journalOrPublisher="Giom. Arcad." pageId="9" pageNumber="14" pagination="167 - 190" part="52" refId="ref27206" refString="BONAPARTE, C. L.: 1831. Saggio di una distribuzione metodica degli auiniali vertebrati. Prospetto del sistema d'Ittiologia generale. Giom. Arcad., 52: 167 - 190." title="Saggio di una distribuzione metodica degli auiniali vertebrati. Prospetto del sistema d'Ittiologia generale" type="journal article" year="1831">BONAPARTE, 1831: 167</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(type species,
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<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27179FFC4FC7EF8C0FB36F8D3" authority="BRUNNICH, 1768" authorityName="BRUNNICH" authorityYear="1768" box="[984,1274,1830,1854]" family="Percidae" genus="Perca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigas">
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<emphasis id="B93158237179FFC4FC7EF8C0FB85F8D4" box="[984,1097,1830,1854]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Perca gigas</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07179FFC4FBF5F8C1FB36F8D3" author="BRUNNICH, M. T." bookContentInfo="Accedunt Spolia Maris Adriatici. xvi + 110 pp. Hafniae et Lipsiae" box="[1107,1274,1830,1852]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" refId="ref27406" refString="BRUNNICH, M. T.: 1768. Ichthyologia Massiliensis, sistens piscium descriptianes eammque apud incalar nomina. Accedunt Spolia Maris Adriatici. xvi + 110 pp. Hafniae et Lipsiae." title="Ichthyologia Massiliensis, sistens piscium descriptianes eammque apud incalar nomina" type="book" year="1768">BRÜNNICH, 1768</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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[
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<emphasis id="B93158237179FFC4FAACF8C0FA6BF8D0" box="[1290,1447,1831,1855]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">nomen dubium</emphasis>
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] by subsequent designation of JORDAN, 1919: 175).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFA84317179FFC4FDACF886FA67F890" blockId="9.[520,1489,1743,2420]" box="[522,1451,1888,1914]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">
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<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27179FFC4FDACF886FCCFF898" authority="BONAPARTE, 1833" authorityName="BONAPARTE" authorityYear="1833" box="[522,771,1888,1910]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cerna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93158237179FFC4FDACF886FD89F898" box="[522,581,1889,1906]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Cerna</emphasis>
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BONAPARTE, 1833
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</taxonomicName>
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: puntàta 10 (type species,
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<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27179FFC4FB87F887FAC8F898" authority="BRUNNICH" authorityName="BRUNNICH" authorityYear="1768" box="[1057,1284,1888,1911]" family="Percidae" genus="Perca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigas">
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<emphasis id="B93158237179FFC4FB87F887FB5DF89D" box="[1057,1169,1888,1911]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Perca gigas</emphasis>
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BRÜNNICH
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</taxonomicName>
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by monotypy).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFA84317179FFC4FDACF89AFBA2F85B" blockId="9.[520,1489,1743,2420]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">
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<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27179FFC4FDACF89AFC82F865" authority="SWAINSON, 1839: 168" authorityName="SWAINSON" authorityPageNumber="168" authorityYear="1839" box="[522,846,1917,1941]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cynichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93158237179FFC4FDACF89AFDBAF87F" box="[522,630,1917,1941]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Cynichthys</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07179FFC4FDDBF89AFC82F865" author="SWAINSON, W." box="[637,846,1917,1938]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" refId="ref32188" refString="SWAINSON, W.: 1839. On the natural history and classification of fishes, amphibians and reptiles or monocardian animals. London, Longman, Orme, Brown, Green and Longmans, and John Taylor, vol. 2, vi + 452 PP " 135 figs." type="book" year="1839">SWAINSON, 1839: 168</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, 201 (type species,
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<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27179FFC4FBBEF89AFB15F87E" baseAuthorityName="Bennett" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[1048,1241,1916,1940]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cynichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavo-purpuratus">
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<emphasis id="B93158237179FFC4FBBEF89AFBEAF865" box="[1048,1062,1917,1935]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">C</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B93158237179FFC4FB97F89BFB15F87E" box="[1073,1241,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">flavo-purpuratus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[=
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<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27179FFC4FAA5F899FD0EF846" authority="BENNETT, 1830" authorityName="BENNETT" authorityYear="1830" family="Percidae" genus="Perca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavapurpurea">
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<emphasis id="B93158237179FFC4FAA5F899FA02F87D" box="[1283,1486,1918,1943]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Perca flavapurpurea</emphasis>
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BENNETT, 1830
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</taxonomicName>
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=
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<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27179FFC4FD41F87EFB90F85B" authority="(LACEPEDE, 1802)" baseAuthorityName="LACEPEDE" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[743,1116,1945,1970]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavocaeruleus">
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<emphasis id="B93158237179FFC4FD41F87EFD3BF841" box="[743,759,1945,1963]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">E</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B93158237179FFC4FCA2F87EFC5BF85B" box="[772,919,1945,1969]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">flavocaeruleus</emphasis>
|
||
(
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07179FFC4FC0FF87DFB98F85B" author="LACEPEDE, B." bookContentInfo="Vol. 4: xliv + 728 pp., Paris" box="[937,1108,1945,1970]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" refId="ref30091" refString="1802. Histoire naturelle des Poissons. Vol. 4: xliv + 728 pp., Paris." title="Histoire naturelle des Poissons" type="book" year="1802">LACEPÈDE, 1802</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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</taxonomicName>
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||
]).
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BFA84317179FFC4FDACF851FB53F800" blockId="9.[520,1489,1743,2420]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27179FFC4FDACF851FD9EF822" authorityName="FLEMING" authorityYear="1828" box="[522,594,1974,1992]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cernua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B93158237179FFC4FDACF851FD9EF822" box="[522,594,1974,1992]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Cernua</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07179FFC4FDFAF851FD3EF822" author="COSTA, O. G." box="[604,754,1974,1996]" journalOrPublisher="Atti R. Acca. pontan., Napoli" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" pagination="171 - 182" part="5" refId="ref27979" refString="1849. Di un nuovo pesce della famiglia de' Gadini pescata nel golfo di Napoli ai 3 febb. 1846. Atti R. Acca. pontan., Napoli 5 (3): 171 - 182." title="Di un nuovo pesce della famiglia de' Gadini pescata nel golfo di Napoli ai 3 febb. 1846." type="journal article" year="1849">COSTA, 1849: 1</bibRefCitation>
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||
(not available; unjustified emendation of
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27179FFC4FB0FF851FAA9F823" authority="BONAPARTE" authorityName="BONAPARTE" authorityYear="1833" box="[1193,1381,1974,1993]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cerna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93158237179FFC4FB0FF851FB29F822" box="[1193,1253,1974,1992]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Cerna</emphasis>
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BONAPARTE
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</taxonomicName>
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,‘ preoccupied by
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<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27179FFC4FDD8F833FC51F80F" authority="FLEMING, 1828: 212" authorityName="FLEMING" authorityPageNumber="212" authorityYear="1828" box="[638,925,2003,2024]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cernua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93158237179FFC4FDD8F833FD0AF80C" box="[638,710,2004,2022]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Cernua</emphasis>
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FLEMING, 1828: 212
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</taxonomicName>
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(a genus of percid fish).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFA84317179FFC4FDAEF808FC83F7C9" blockId="9.[520,1489,1743,2420]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27179FFC4FDAEF808FCEEF7EB" authority="GILL, 1861: 98" authorityName="GILL" authorityPageNumber="98" authorityYear="1861" box="[520,802,2031,2055]" family="Serranidae" genus="Hyporthodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237179FFC4FDAEF808FD45F7ED" box="[520,649,2031,2055]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Hyporthodus</emphasis>
|
||
GILL, 1861: 98
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(type species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27179FFC4FC1FF808FB13F7ED" authority="GILL" authorityName="GILL" box="[953,1247,2031,2055]" family="Serranidae" genus="Hyporthodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavicauda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237179FFC4FC1FF808FB65F7EC" box="[953,1193,2031,2055]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Hyporthodus flavicauda</emphasis>
|
||
GILL
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27179FFC4FAADF817FD79F7F4" authority="VALENCIENNES, 1828" authorityName="VALENCIENNES" authorityYear="1828" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niveatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237179FFC4FAADF817FAD7F7E8" box="[1291,1307,2032,2050]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237179FFC4FA8EF817FAB0F7E9" box="[1320,1404,2032,2051]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">niveatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07179FFC4FA22F816FD79F7F4" author="VALENCIENNES, A." pageId="9" pageNumber="14" refId="ref32623" refString="VALENCIENNES, A.: 1828. See Cuvier & Valenciennes." title="See Cuvier & Valenciennes" type="book" year="1828">VALENCIENNES, 1828</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] by monotypy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA84317179FFC4FDAFF7CFFA68F7A8" blockId="9.[520,1489,1743,2420]" box="[521,1444,2088,2114]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27179FFC4FDAFF7CFFCD7F7D0" authority="GILL, 1862: 236" authorityName="GILL" authorityPageNumber="236" authorityYear="1862" box="[521,795,2088,2114]" genus="Schistorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237179FFC4FDAFF7CFFDA2F7D1" box="[521,622,2088,2107]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Schistorus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07179FFC4FDDFF7CEFCD7F7D0" author="GILL, T." box="[633,795,2088,2114]" journalOrPublisher="Proc. Acad. nat Sci. Philad." pageId="9" pageNumber="14" pagination="98 - 99" part="1861" refId="ref29157" refString="GILL, T.: 1862. Descriptions of two new species of marine fishes. Proc. Acad. nat Sci. Philad., (1861), 13: 98 - 99." title="Descriptions of two new species of marine fishes" type="journal article" year="1862">GILL, 1862: 236</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(type species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27179FFC4FC1FF7CEFACAF7D1" authority="POEY, 1852" authorityName="POEY" authorityYear="1852" box="[953,1286,2088,2112]" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystacinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237179FFC4FC1FF7CEFB4AF7AA" box="[953,1158,2088,2112]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Serranus mystacinus</emphasis>
|
||
POEY, 1852
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by monotypy).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA84317179FFC4FDAEF7AEFA0EF789" blockId="9.[520,1489,1743,2420]" box="[520,1474,2120,2147]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27179FFC4FDAEF7AEFCE5F7B1" authority="GILL, 1862: 236" authorityName="GILL" authorityPageNumber="236" authorityYear="1862" box="[520,809,2121,2145]" genus="Labroperca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237179FFC4FDAEF7AEFDB7F78B" box="[520,635,2121,2145]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Labroperca</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07179FFC4FD20F7AEFCE5F7B1" author="GILL, T." box="[646,809,2121,2142]" journalOrPublisher="Proc. Acad. nat Sci. Philad." pageId="9" pageNumber="14" pagination="98 - 99" part="1861" refId="ref29157" refString="GILL, T.: 1862. Descriptions of two new species of marine fishes. Proc. Acad. nat Sci. Philad., (1861), 13: 98 - 99." title="Descriptions of two new species of marine fishes" type="journal article" year="1862">GILL, 1862: 236</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(type species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27179FFC4FC61F7AEFAEEF7B1" authority="JENYNS, 1843" authorityName="JENYNS" authorityYear="1843" box="[967,1314,2120,2144]" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labriformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237179FFC4FC61F7AEFB5EF78A" box="[967,1170,2120,2144]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Serranus labriformis</emphasis>
|
||
JENYNS, 1843
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by monotypy).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA84317179FFC4FDAEF78FFA03F74B" blockId="9.[520,1489,1743,2420]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27179FFC4FDAEF78FFCE9F790" authority="POEY, 1868: 287" authorityName="POEY" authorityPageNumber="287" authorityYear="1868" box="[520,805,2152,2176]" family="Serranidae" genus="Promicrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237179FFC4FDAEF78FFDB5F76A" box="[520,633,2152,2176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Promicrops</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07179FFC4FD27F78EFCE9F790" author="POEY, F." box="[641,805,2152,2173]" journalOrPublisher="Catalogo Razonade de los peces de la isla de Cuba. Repertor. Fisico-natural de Ia Isla de Cuba" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" pagination="279 - 484" part="2" refId="ref31026" refString="1868. Synopsis piscium cubensium. Catalogo Razonade de los peces de la isla de Cuba. Repertor. Fisico-natural de Ia Isla de Cuba v. 2: 279 - 484." title="Synopsis piscium cubensium" type="journal article" year="1868">POEY, 1868: 287</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(type species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27179FFC4FC1BF78FFB14F790" authority="POEY, 1861" authorityName="POEY" authorityYear="1861" box="[957,1240,2151,2173]" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guasa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237179FFC4FC1BF78FFB90F790" box="[957,1116,2152,2170]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Serranus Guasa</emphasis>
|
||
POEY, 1861
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27179FFC4FAA4F78EFD6FF74A" authority="(LICHTENSTEIN, 1822)" baseAuthorityName="LICHTENSTEIN" baseAuthorityYear="1822" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="itajara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237179FFC4FAA4F78EFADEF790" box="[1282,1298,2153,2170]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237179FFC4FAB9F78FFAACF76B" box="[1311,1376,2152,2177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">itajara</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07179FFC4FAD7F78DFD51F74B" author="LICHTENSTEIN, M. H. G." pageId="9" pageNumber="14" pagination="267 - 288" refId="ref30162" refString="LICHTENSTEIN, M. H. G.: 1822. Die Werke von Marcgrave und Piso uber die Naturgeschichte Brasiliens, erlautert aus den wieder aufgefundenen original Abbildungen. IV. Fische. Abhandl. K Akad. Wss. Berlin (1820 - 1821). pp. 267 - 288." type="book chapter" year="1822">LICHTENSTEIN, 1822</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] by monotypy; genus attributed to GILL by POEY, but the diagnosis is POEY's).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA84317179FFC4FDAFF740FB7EF70A" blockId="9.[520,1489,1743,2420]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27179FFC4FDAFF740FC9DF753" authority="DAY, 1868: 193" authorityName="DAY" authorityPageNumber="193" authorityYear="1868" box="[521,849,2215,2240]" family="Serranidae" genus="Priacanthichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237179FFC4FDAFF740FD63F72A" box="[521,687,2215,2240]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Priacanthichthys</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07179FFC4FD11F740FC9DF753" author="DAY, F." box="[695,849,2215,2237]" journalOrPublisher="Proc. zool. Soc. London" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" pagination="192 - 199" refId="ref28217" refString="DAY, F.: 1868. On some new fishes from Madras. Proc. zool. Soc. London: 192 - 199." title="On some new fishes from Madras" type="book chapter" year="1868">DAY, 1868: 193</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(type species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27179FFC4FC4EF741FA62F751" authority="DAY, 1868" authorityName="DAY" authorityYear="1868" box="[1000,1454,2214,2239]" family="Serranidae" genus="Priacanthichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maderaspatensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237179FFC4FC4EF741FAF6F755" box="[1000,1338,2214,2239]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Priacanthichthys maderaspatensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07179FFC4FAE5F74FFA62F751" author="DAY, F." box="[1347,1454,2216,2238]" journalOrPublisher="Proc. zool. Soc. London" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" pagination="192 - 199" refId="ref28217" refString="DAY, F.: 1868. On some new fishes from Madras. Proc. zool. Soc. London: 192 - 199." title="On some new fishes from Madras" type="book chapter" year="1868">DAY, 1868</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27179FFC4FD8EF72FFBC2F735" authority="(TEMMINCK & SCHLEGEL, 1842)" baseAuthorityName="TEMMINCK & SCHLEGEL" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[552,1038,2247,2272]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latifasciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237179FFC4FD8EF72FFDFBF730" box="[552,567,2248,2266]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237179FFC4FDEEF72FFD73F70A" box="[584,703,2248,2272]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">latifasciatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07179FFC4FD74F72FFBC4F70A" author="TEMMINCK C. J & H. SCHLEGEL" bookContentInfo="323 pp. Lugduni Batavorum, Batavia" box="[722,1032,2247,2272]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" refId="ref32239" refString="TEMMINCK C. J. & H. SCHLEGEL: 1842 - 1850. Pisces in PF. von Siebold's Fauna Japanica. 323 pp. Lugduni Batavorum, Batavia." title="Pisces in PF. von Siebold's Fauna Japanica" type="book" year="1842">TEMMINCK & SCHLEGEL, 1842</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] by monotypy).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA84317179FFC4FDAFF700FCAAF6F1" blockId="9.[520,1489,1743,2420]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27179FFC4FDAFF700FD29F712" authority="POEY, 1874: 39" authorityName="POEY" authorityPageNumber="39" authorityYear="1874" box="[521,741,2278,2300]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Merus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237179FFC4FDAFF700FD8BF712" box="[521,583,2279,2296]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Merus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07179FFC4FDE8F700FD29F712" author="POEY, F." box="[590,741,2278,2300]" journalOrPublisher="Ann Lyc. Nat Hist. New York" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" pagination="27 - 79" part="10" refId="ref31059" refString="1874. Genres des poissons de la fauna de cuba, appartenant a la famille Percidae, avec une note dintroduction par J. Carson Brevoort. Ann Lyc. Nat Hist. New York 10: 27 - 79." title="Genres des poissons de la fauna de cuba, appartenant a la famille Percidae, avec une note dintroduction par J. Carson Brevoort" type="journal article" year="1874">POEY, 1874: 39</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(type species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27179FFC4FCDCF701FB7CF712" authority="BLOCH" authorityName="BLOCH" authorityYear="1793" box="[890,1200,2277,2302]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marginalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237179FFC4FCDCF701FBAFF714" box="[890,1123,2277,2302]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Epinephelus marginalis</emphasis>
|
||
BLOCH
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; proposed as a replacement name for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27179FFC4FD29F6E4FC90F6F1" authority="BLOCH" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[655,860,2307,2332]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237179FFC4FD29F6E4FCC6F6F6" box="[655,778,2307,2332]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||
BLOCH
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA84317179FFC4FDAFF6C7FB20F6BF" blockId="9.[520,1489,1743,2420]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27179FFC4FDAFF6C7FC22F6D8" authority="ALLEYNE & MACLEAY, 1877: 268" authorityName="ALLEYNE & MACLEAY" authorityPageNumber="268" authorityYear="1877" box="[521,1006,2336,2360]" family="Serranidae" genus="Homalogrystes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237179FFC4FDAFF6C7FD57F6D2" box="[521,667,2336,2360]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Homalogrystes</emphasis>
|
||
ALLEYNE & MACLEAY, 1877: 268
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(type species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27179FFC4FB24F6C7FD2AF6A5" authority="ALLEYNE & MACLEAY, 1877" authorityName="ALLEYNE & MACLEAY" authorityYear="1877" family="Serranidae" genus="Homalogrystex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guntheri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237179FFC4FB24F6C7FAA2F6D3" box="[1154,1390,2336,2361]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Homalogrystex guntheri</emphasis>
|
||
ALLEYNE & MACLEAY, 1877
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27179FFC4FCB5F6DAFC48F6A5" baseAuthorityName="Hamilton" baseAuthorityYear="1822" box="[787,900,2365,2383]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coioides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237179FFC4FCB5F6DAFCEFF6A5" box="[787,803,2365,2383]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237179FFC4FC95F6DAFC48F6A5" box="[819,900,2365,2383]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">coioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C07179FFC4FC33F6DAFB8EF6BE" author="HAMILTON, F." box="[917,1090,2364,2389]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" refId="ref29357" refString="HAMILTON, F.: 1822. An Account of the Fishes Found in the River Ganges and its Branches. 405 pp. Archibald Constable and Company, Edinburgh." type="book" year="1822">HAMILTON, 1822</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)] by monotypy).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA84317179FFC4FDAEF6BDFA1CF69E" blockId="9.[520,1489,1743,2420]" box="[520,1488,2393,2420]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27179FFC4FDAEF6BDFC44F686" authority="VAILLANT & BOCOURT, 1878: 70" authorityName="VAILLANT & BOCOURT" authorityPageNumber="70" authorityYear="1878" box="[520,904,2393,2416]" family="Serranidae" genus="Itaiara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237179FFC4FDAEF6BDFD85F686" box="[520,585,2394,2412]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Itaiara</emphasis>
|
||
VAILLANT& BOCOURT, 1878: 70
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(type species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB27179FFC4FBB0F6BDFAF6F687" authority="LICHTENSTEIN" authorityName="LICHTENSTEIN" box="[1046,1338,2393,2417]" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="itajara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93158237179FFC4FBB0F6BDFB67F69B" box="[1046,1195,2393,2417]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Serranus itajara</emphasis>
|
||
LICHTENSTEIN
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by monotypy).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA8431717AFFC7FDAAFBA2FAA7FB91" blockId="10.[523,1497,1093,1544]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717AFFC7FDAAFBA2FCB9FBBD" authority="KLUNZINGER, 1884: 3" authorityName="KLUNZINGER" authorityPageNumber="3" authorityYear="1884" box="[524,885,1093,1116]" family="Serranidae" genus="Hyposerranus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717AFFC7FDAAFBA2FD5AFBB6" box="[524,662,1093,1116]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Hyposerranus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C0717AFFC7FD38FBA2FCB9FBBD" author="KLUNZINGER, C. B." box="[670,885,1093,1115]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" refId="ref30033" refString="KLUNZINGER, C. B.: 1884. Die Fische des Rothen Meeres. I. Theil, Acanthopteri veri Owen. ix + 133 pp. E. Schweizerbarfsche, Stuttgart." type="book" year="1884">KLUNZINGER, 1884: 3</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(type species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717AFFC7FBA8FBA1FA74FBB3" authority="VALENCIENNES, 1833" authorityName="VALENCIENNES" authorityYear="1833" box="[1038,1464,1093,1117]" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morrhua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717AFFC7FBA8FBA1FB0DFBB2" box="[1038,1217,1093,1112]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Serranus morrhua</emphasis>
|
||
VALENCIENNES, 1833
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by subsequent designation of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C0717AFFC7FCE3FB85FC19FB9E" author="JORDAN, D. S." box="[837,981,1122,1144]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" pagination="411 - 576" refId="ref29662" refString="JORDAN, D. S.: 1917 - 20. The genera of Fishes, from Linnaeus to 1920, with the accepted type of each. A contribution to the stablility of scientific nomenclature. Stanford Univ. Publ., Univ. Ser., 576 pp. in four parts. Part I (Univ. Ser. 27), 1917: 1 - 161; ' Part II (Univ. Ser. 36), 1919: 163 - 284; Part III (Univ. Ser. 39), 1919: 285 - 410; Part IV (Univ. Ser. 43), 1920: 411 - 576." type="book chapter" year="1920">JORDAN, 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; proposed as a subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717AFFC7FAA2FB85FA93FB91" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1816" box="[1284,1375,1122,1147]" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717AFFC7FAA2FB85FA93FB91" box="[1284,1375,1122,1147]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Serranus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA8431717AFFC7FDAAFB9AFD6CFB59" blockId="10.[523,1497,1093,1544]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717AFFC7FDAAFB9AFCFAFB7B" authority="GILL, 1885: 225" authorityName="GILL" authorityPageNumber="225" authorityYear="1885" box="[524,822,1149,1173]" genus="Phrynotitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717AFFC7FDAAFB9AFD4EFB7F" box="[524,642,1149,1173]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Phrynotitan</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C0717AFFC7FD29FB99FCFAFB7B" author="GILL, T." box="[655,822,1150,1172]" editor="J. S. Kingsley" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" pagination="98 - 298" refId="ref29257" refString="1885. Teleostei, pp. 98 - 298 in J. S. Kingsley, The Standard of Natural History. Lower Vertebrates. Vol. III. Boston." title="Teleostei" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="The Standard of Natural History. Lower Vertebrates. Vol. III. Boston" year="1885">GILL, 1885: 225</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(type species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717AFFC7FC7DFB99FB26FB7B" authority="GUNTHER" authorityName="GUNTHER" box="[987,1258,1150,1173]" family="Serranidae" genus="Batrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717AFFC7FC7DFB99FBB0FB7F" box="[987,1148,1150,1173]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Batrachus gigas</emphasis>
|
||
GÜNTHER
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, [=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717AFFC7FA84FB98FA63FB7D" baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1790" box="[1314,1455,1151,1175]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lancolatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717AFFC7FA84FB98FAFEFB7B" box="[1314,1330,1151,1169]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717AFFC7FAE2FB98FA63FB7D" box="[1348,1455,1151,1175]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">lancolatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] by monotypy).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA8431717AFFC7FDA8FB51FA41FB00" blockId="10.[523,1497,1093,1544]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717AFFC7FDA8FB51FD70FB23" authority="JORDAN" authorityName="JORDAN" authorityYear="1890" box="[526,700,1206,1230]" family="Serranidae" genus="Garrupa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717AFFC7FDA8FB51FDAFFB24" box="[526,611,1206,1230]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Garrupa</emphasis>
|
||
JORDAN
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C0717AFFC7FD41FB5FFB89FB23" author="JORDAN, D. S. & C. H. EIGENMANN" box="[743,1093,1207,1228]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" pagination="329 - 441" refId="ref29782" refString="JORDAN, D. S. & C. H. EIGENMANN: 1890. A review of the genera and species of Serranidae found in the waters of America and Europe. Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., 8 (1888): 329 - 441, pls. 60 - 69." type="journal article" year="1890">JORDAN & EIGENMANN, 1890: 350</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 353 (type species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717AFFC7FAB3FB5FFD10FB0F" authority="HOLBROOK, 1855" authorityName="HOLBROOK" authorityYear="1855" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigritus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717AFFC7FAB3FB5FFA14FB3A" box="[1301,1496,1208,1232]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Serranus nigritus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C0717AFFC7FD88FB34FD10FB0F" author="HOLBROOK, J. E." box="[558,732,1235,1256]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" refId="ref29513" refString="HOLBROOK, J. E.: 1855. Ichthyology of south Carolina. Charleston, South Carolina, 182 pp. 27 pls." type="book" year="1855">HOLBROOK, 1855</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by original designation; proposed as a subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717AFFC7FAA7FB34FA4DFB00" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[1281,1409,1235,1258]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717AFFC7FAA7FB34FA4DFB00" box="[1281,1409,1235,1258]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA8431717AFFC7FDABFB08FB9CFAC8" blockId="10.[523,1497,1093,1544]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717AFFC7FDABFB08FC01FAEB" authority="JORDAN & EVERMANN, 1896: 1147" authorityName="JORDAN & EVERMANN" authorityPageNumber="1147" authorityYear="1896" box="[525,973,1263,1284]" family="Serranidae" genus="Enneistus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717AFFC7FDABFB08FDA3FAEB" box="[525,623,1263,1281]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Enneistus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C0717AFFC7FDD3FB17FC01FAEB" author="JORDAN, D. S. & B. W. EVERMANN" box="[629,973,1263,1284]" journalOrPublisher="Bull. U. S. Natl. Mus." pageId="10" pageNumber="15" part="47" refId="ref29840" refString="JORDAN, D. S. & B. W. EVERMANN: 1896. The fishes of North and Middle America. Bull. U. S. Natl. Mus., 47 (1): ix + 1240." title="The fishes of North and Middle America" type="journal volume" year="1896">JORDAN & EVERMANN, 1896: 1147</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(type species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717AFFC7FBC6FB09FA14FAE9" authority="GILBERT, 1892" authorityName="GILBERT" authorityYear="1892" box="[1120,1496,1262,1286]" family="Labridae" genus="Bodianus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acanthistius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717AFFC7FBC6FB09FAF2FAE8" box="[1120,1342,1262,1282]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Bodianus acanthistius</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C0717AFFC7FAE3FB17FA14FAE9" author="GILBERT, C. H." box="[1349,1496,1264,1286]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" refId="ref29121" refString="GILBERT, C. H.: 1892. Descriptions of Apodal fishes from the tropical Pacific. Proc. U. S. natn. Mus., 14: 347 - - 352." type="journal volume" year="1892">GILBERT, 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by monotypy; proposed as a subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717AFFC7FC44FAECFB88FAF7" box="[994,1092,1291,1309]" family="Labridae" genus="Bodianus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717AFFC7FC44FAECFB88FAF7" box="[994,1092,1291,1309]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Bodianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA8431717AFFC7FDA8FAC0FCF7FAB1" blockId="10.[523,1497,1093,1544]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717AFFC7FDA8FAC0FCABFAD3" authority="FOWLER, 1923: 382" authorityName="FOWLER" authorityPageNumber="382" authorityYear="1923" box="[526,871,1319,1343]" family="Serranidae" genus="Stereolepoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717AFFC7FDA8FAC0FD51FAD5" box="[526,669,1319,1343]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Stereolepoides</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C0717AFFC7FD03FACFFCABFAD3" author="FOWLER, H. W." box="[677,871,1320,1341]" journalOrPublisher="Occ. Pap. B. P. Bishop Mus" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" pagination="375 - 392" part="8" refId="ref28733" refString="1923. New or little known Hawaiian fishes. Occ. Pap. B. P. Bishop Mus. 8: 375 - 392." title="New or little known Hawaiian fishes" type="journal article" year="1923">FOWLER, 1923: 382</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(type species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717AFFC7FBA6FAC0FA5BFAD0" authority="FOWLER, 1923" authorityName="FOWLER" authorityYear="1923" box="[1024,1431,1319,1343]" family="Serranidae" genus="Stereolepoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thompsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717AFFC7FBA6FAC0FB33FAD5" box="[1024,1279,1319,1343]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Stereolepoides thompsoni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C0717AFFC7FAA0FACFFA5BFAD0" author="FOWLER, H. W." box="[1286,1431,1320,1342]" journalOrPublisher="Occ. Pap. B. P. Bishop Mus" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" pagination="375 - 392" part="8" refId="ref28733" refString="1923. New or little known Hawaiian fishes. Occ. Pap. B. P. Bishop Mus. 8: 375 - 392." title="New or little known Hawaiian fishes" type="journal article" year="1923">FOWLER, 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717AFFC7FA64FACEFD6CFABC" family="Serranidae" genus="Enneistus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanceolatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717AFFC7FA64FACEFA1DFAD1" box="[1474,1489,1321,1339]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717AFFC7FD88FAA4FD6CFABC" box="[558,672,1347,1366]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">lanceolatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] by monotypy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA8431717AFFC7FDB7FAB8FB80FA79" blockId="10.[523,1497,1093,1544]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717AFFC7FDB7FAB8FC65FA9B" authority="JORDAN & EVERMANN, 1927: 505" authorityName="JORDAN & EVERMANN" authorityPageNumber="505" authorityYear="1927" box="[529,937,1375,1397]" family="Serranidae" genus="Vivero" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717AFFC7FDB7FAB8FD82FA9B" box="[529,590,1375,1393]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Vivero</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C0717AFFC7FDF0FA87FC65FA9B" author="JORDAN, D. S. & B. W. EVERMANN" box="[598,937,1376,1397]" journalOrPublisher="Calif Acad. Sci." pageId="10" pageNumber="15" pagination="501 - 507" part="4" refId="ref29917" refString="1927. New genera and species of North American fishes Prac. Calif Acad. Sci., (4) 1605): 501 - 507." title="New genera and species of North American fishes Prac" type="journal article" year="1927">JORDAN & EVERMANN, 1927: 505</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(type species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717AFFC7FBE6FAB8FA7FFA98" authority="VALENCIENNES, 1828" authorityName="VALENCIENNES" authorityYear="1828" box="[1088,1459,1375,1398]" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717AFFC7FBE6FAB8FB14FA98" box="[1088,1240,1375,1394]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Serranus morio</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C0717AFFC7FB46FAB8FA7FFA98" author="VALENCIENNES, A." box="[1248,1459,1375,1398]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" refId="ref32623" refString="VALENCIENNES, A.: 1828. See Cuvier & Valenciennes." title="See Cuvier & Valenciennes" type="book" year="1828">VALENCIENNES, 1828</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by monotypy; proposed as a subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717AFFC7FC64FA9CFB8CFA79" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[962,1088,1403,1427]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717AFFC7FC64FA9CFB8CFA79" box="[962,1088,1403,1427]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA8431717AFFC7FDA8FA7FFD7DFA26" blockId="10.[523,1497,1093,1544]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717AFFC7FDA8FA7FFCA2FA43" authority="FOWLER, 1944: 384" authorityName="FOWLER" authorityPageNumber="384" authorityYear="1944" box="[526,878,1432,1456]" family="Serranidae" genus="Serrihastaperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717AFFC7FDA8FA7FFD6BFA5A" box="[526,679,1432,1456]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Serrihastaperca</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C0717AFFC7FD09FA7FFCA2FA43" author="FOWLER, H. W." bookContentInfo="fig. 1 - 268, - pl. 1 - 20" box="[687,878,1432,1454]" journalOrPublisher="Monog: Acad. nat. Sci. Philad." pageId="10" pageNumber="15" pagination="57 - 529" part="6" refId="ref28804" refString="1944. The fishes. Results of the fifth George Vanderbilt Expedition, 1941. Monog: Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 6: 57 - 529, fig. 1 - 268, - pl. 1 - 20." title="The fishes. Results of the fifth George Vanderbilt Expedition, 1941" type="journal article" year="1944">FOWLER, 1944: 384</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(type species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717AFFC7FBA4FA70FAABFA41" authority="FOWLER, 1944" authorityName="FOWLER" authorityYear="1944" box="[1026,1383,1431,1454]" family="Serranidae" genus="Serrihastaperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exsul">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717AFFC7FBA4FA70FB1EFA40" box="[1026,1234,1431,1454]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Serrihastaperca exsul</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C0717AFFC7FB7EFA70FAABFA41" author="FOWLER, H. W." bookContentInfo="fig. 1 - 268, - pl. 1 - 20" box="[1240,1383,1431,1454]" journalOrPublisher="Monog: Acad. nat. Sci. Philad." pageId="10" pageNumber="15" pagination="57 - 529" part="6" refId="ref28804" refString="1944. The fishes. Results of the fifth George Vanderbilt Expedition, 1941. Monog: Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 6: 57 - 529, fig. 1 - 268, - pl. 1 - 20." title="The fishes. Results of the fifth George Vanderbilt Expedition, 1941" type="journal article" year="1944">FOWLER, 1944</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by original designation).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA8431717AFFC7FDADFA36FB97F9E2" blockId="10.[523,1497,1093,1544]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717AFFC7FDADFA36FCA0FA08" authority="WHITLEY, 1947: 150" authorityName="WHITLEY" authorityPageNumber="150" authorityYear="1947" box="[523,876,1489,1510]" family="Serranidae" genus="Altiserranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717AFFC7FDADFA36FD4BFA09" box="[523,647,1489,1507]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Altiserranus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C0717AFFC7FD33FA36FCA0FA08" author="WHITLEY, G. P." box="[661,876,1489,1510]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" pagination="129 - 150" refId="ref32893" refString="WHITLEY, G. P.: 1947. New sharks and fishes from Western Australia. Pt. 3. Aust. Zool. 11 (2): 129 - 150" type="journal article" year="1947">WHITLEY, 1947: 150</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(type-species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717AFFC7FBADFA36FA40FA09" authority="BOULENGER, 1889" authorityName="BOULENGER" authorityYear="1889" box="[1035,1420,1488,1512]" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jayakari">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717AFFC7FBADFA36FB0CFA02" box="[1035,1216,1488,1512]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Serranus jayakari</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C0717AFFC7FB6BFA37FA40FA09" author="BOULENGER, G. A." box="[1229,1420,1488,1511]" journalOrPublisher="Proc. ZooL Soc. (London)" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" pagination="236 - 246" part="1889" refId="ref27328" refString="BOULENGER, G. A.: 1889. Second account of the fishes obtained by Surgeon-Major A. S. G. Jayakar at Muscat, East Coast of Arabia. Proc. ZooL Soc. (London) 1889: 236 - 246, pls. 25 - 28." title="Second account of the fishes obtained by Surgeon-Major A. S. G. Jayakar at Muscat, East Coast of Arabia" type="journal article" year="1889">BOULENGER, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[=
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717AFFC7FA64FA35FA1EFA0E" box="[1474,1490,1490,1508]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">E</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717AFFC7FD8BFA16FD61F9E9" box="[557,685,1521,1539]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">multinotatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C0717AFFC7FD67FA16FC86F9E2" author="PETERS, W. C. H." box="[705,842,1520,1544]" journalOrPublisher="Monatsber. Akad. Wss. Berlin" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" pagination="435 - 449" refId="ref30885" refString="PETERS, W. C. H.: 1876. Uebersicht der von Hrn. Prof. Dr. K. Mobius in Mauritius und bei den Seychelles gesammelten Fische. Monatsber. Akad. Wss. Berlin: 435 - 449." title="Uebersicht der von Hrn. Prof. Dr. K. Mobius in Mauritius und bei den Seychelles gesammelten Fische" type="book chapter" year="1876">PETERS, 1876</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)] by original designation).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35FD7BA717AFFC7FD88F9D5FC44F71C" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA8431717AFFC7FD88F9D5FAD5F7A1" blockId="10.[496,1530,1584,2294]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717AFFC7FD88F9D5FD64F9A1" bold="true" box="[558,680,1586,1611]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
: Body elongate, robust (subcylindrical), oblong or deep and compressed; body depth greater than, subequal to or less than head length and contained 2.3-3.7 times in SL, the body width 1.8-2.8 in the depth; head length 2.1 -2.8 in SL; preorbital depth 6.7- 15 times in head length; preopercle rounded or angular, the posterior edge serrate, with the serrae at the angle more or less enlarged; a few species with small serrae (mostly covered by skin) on the ventral edge. Dorsal fin usually with 11 spines (10 spines in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717AFFC7FC14F91CFBF2F8FC" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1863" box="[946,1086,1787,1814]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="analogus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717AFFC7FC14F91CFC08F8FA" box="[946,964,1787,1808]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717AFFC7FC71F91CFBF2F8FC" box="[983,1086,1787,1814]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">analogus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717AFFC7FBF6F91DFB45F8E5" authorityName="FOWLER" authorityYear="1944" box="[1104,1161,1786,1807]" family="Serranidae" genus="Serrihastaperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exsul">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717AFFC7FBF6F91DFB45F8E5" box="[1104,1161,1786,1807]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">exsul</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717AFFC7FB6FF91CFAD3F8FC" authorityName="HOLBROOK" authorityYear="1855" box="[1225,1311,1787,1814]" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigritus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717AFFC7FB6FF91CFAD3F8FC" box="[1225,1311,1787,1814]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">nigritus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 9 in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717AFFC7FACEF91BFDD5F8D9" authorityName="GILBERT" authorityYear="1892" family="Labridae" genus="Bodianus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acanthistius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717AFFC7FACEF91BFAB0F8FA" box="[1384,1404,1788,1808]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717AFFC7FA2AF91BFA3BF8FB" box="[1420,1527,1788,1809]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717AFFC7FE56F8F8FDD5F8D9" box="[496,537,1823,1843]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">acanthistius</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and 12- 19 rays; length of base of soft-rayed part of dorsal fin not more than base of spinous part. Anal fin with 3 distinct spines and 7- 10 (very rarely 7 or 10) rays. Caudal fin rounded, truncate or concave, with 8 + 7 branched rays and 8- 10 + 7-10 procurrent rays. Pectoral fin rounded, with the middle rays longest. Scales on body ctenoid or smooth. Canines present at front of jaws, but they may be small in some species; no distinctly enlarged canine tooth at midside of lower jaw; teeth present on palatines; maxilla of adults without a distinct bony knob on ventroposterior corner, but there may be an abrupt step or hook-like process (covered by the upper lip) on the distal part of the ventral edge; supramaxilla well developed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA8431717AFFC7FD97F7B5FC44F71C" blockId="10.[496,1530,1584,2294]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Supraneural bones 2; dorsal and anal fins without trisegmental pterygiophores; rear edge of first dorsal pterygiophore with or without excavation for tip of 2nd neural spine; epipleural ribs on first 8- 10 vertebrae. The diversity of cranial morphology of the many species assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717AFFC7FCD2F750FBCAF739" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[884,1030,2231,2259]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717AFFC7FCD2F750FBCAF739" box="[884,1030,2231,2259]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
makes it difficult to recognize diagnostic cranial characters for the genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35FD7BA717AFFC6FC96F6C7FB24FBB2" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA8431717AFFC7FC96F6C7FB71F6D8" blockId="10.[816,1213,2336,2355]" box="[816,1213,2336,2355]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<heading id="D0B2335D717AFFC7FC96F6C7FB71F6D8" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[816,1213,2336,2355]" centered="true" fontSize="7" level="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717AFFC7FC96F6C7FB71F6D8" bold="true" box="[816,1213,2336,2355]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA8431717AFFC6FD94F684FB24FBB2" blockId="10.[562,1531,2401,2432]" lastBlockId="11.[498,1256,1089,1117]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">
|
||
The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717AFFC7FD18F685FC82F695" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[702,846,2402,2431]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717AFFC7FD18F685FC82F695" box="[702,846,2402,2431]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is represented in tropical and subtropical latitudes of all three major oceans, as well as in the Mediterranean Sea.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35FD7BA717BFFC1FC12FB6FFDF4FB2B" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA8431717BFFC6FC12FB6FFBFDFB70" blockId="11.[948,1073,1160,1178]" box="[948,1073,1160,1178]" pageId="11" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<heading id="D0B2335D717BFFC6FC12FB6FFBFDFB70" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[948,1073,1160,1178]" centered="true" fontSize="7" level="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="16" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717BFFC6FC12FB6FFBFDFB70" bold="true" box="[948,1073,1160,1178]" pageId="11" pageNumber="16">REMARKS</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA8431717BFFC6FD97FB2FFB26FA3A" blockId="11.[495,1523,1224,2439]" pageId="11" pageNumber="16">
|
||
C. L.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C0717BFFC6FDDFFB2FFCD1FB0F" author="SMITH, C. L." box="[633,797,1224,1253]" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist." pageId="11" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 241" part="146" refId="ref31738" refString="SMITH, C. L.: 1971. A revision of the American groupers: Epinephelus and allied genera. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 146: 1 - 241." title="A revision of the American groupers: Epinephelus and allied genera" type="journal article" year="1971">SMITH (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
demoted the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717BFFC6FBB9FB2DFB69FB0E" authorityName="POEY" authorityYear="1868" box="[1055,1189,1226,1252]" family="Serranidae" genus="Promicrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717BFFC6FBB9FB2DFB69FB0E" box="[1055,1189,1226,1252]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="16">Promicrops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(comprising
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717BFFC6FAEDFB2BFA76FB0D" box="[1355,1466,1228,1255]" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="itajara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717BFFC6FAEDFB2BFA92FB0A" box="[1355,1374,1228,1248]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="16">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717BFFC6FAD6FB2BFA76FB0D" box="[1392,1466,1228,1255]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="16">itajara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717BFFC6FE49FB0DFD5AFB15" box="[495,662,1257,1279]" family="Serranidae" genus="Enneistus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanceolatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717BFFC6FE49FB0DFDCFFB14" box="[495,515,1258,1278]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="16">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717BFFC6FDB4FB0EFD5AFB15" box="[530,662,1257,1279]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="16">lanceolatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the Indo-West Pacific) to a subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717BFFC6FB07FB0CFAFEFAEC" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[1185,1330,1259,1286]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717BFFC6FB07FB0CFAFEFAEC" box="[1185,1330,1259,1286]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="16">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and stated that these two species “are highly specialized and distinctive although their alliance with other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717BFFC6FD1AFACAFC80FAA2" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[700,844,1325,1352]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717BFFC6FD1AFACAFC80FAA2" box="[700,844,1325,1352]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="16">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is clear". As justification for his recognition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717BFFC6FA07FAD7FDE3FA83" authorityName="POEY" authorityYear="1868" family="Serranidae" genus="Promicrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717BFFC6FA07FAD7FDE3FA83" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="16">Promicrops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a subgenus,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD4F9C0717BFFC6FD53FAA8FC19FA81" author="SMITH, C. L." box="[757,981,1359,1387]" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist." pageId="11" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 241" part="146" refId="ref31738" refString="SMITH, C. L.: 1971. A revision of the American groupers: Epinephelus and allied genera. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 146: 1 - 241." title="A revision of the American groupers: Epinephelus and allied genera" type="journal article" year="1971">SMITH (1971: 152)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned some distinctive features of the cranium of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717BFFC6FDDBFA96FD25FA61" box="[637,745,1393,1419]" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="itajara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717BFFC6FDDBFA96FD43FA6F" box="[637,655,1393,1413]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="16">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717BFFC6FD06FA96FD25FA61" box="[672,745,1393,1419]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="16">itajara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, especially "a heavy strut of bone some connecting the posterior face of each lateral ethmoid with the shaft of the parasphenoid (fig. 17).“ This posterior ethmoid strut is not known for any other species of grouper.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA8431717BFFC6FD88FA32FCD4F99A" blockId="11.[495,1523,1224,2439]" pageId="11" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717BFFC6FD88FA32FD57FA05" box="[558,667,1493,1519]" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="itajara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717BFFC6FD88FA32FD8CFA03" box="[558,576,1493,1513]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="16">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717BFFC6FDF7FA32FD57FA05" box="[593,667,1493,1519]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="16">itajara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717BFFC6FD7FFA31FC4CFA00" box="[729,896,1493,1514]" family="Serranidae" genus="Enneistus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanceolatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717BFFC6FD7FFA31FD27FA03" box="[729,747,1494,1513]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="16">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717BFFC6FD5AFA32FC4CFA00" box="[764,896,1493,1514]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="16">lanceolatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also differ from most other species of the genus in having the tubes of the lateral-line scales with 4-6 radiating branches. Except for large adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717BFFC6FD00F9FFFC95F9C6" baseAuthorityName="BLOCH & SCHNEIDER" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[678,857,1559,1580]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="malabaricus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717BFFC6FD00F9FFFD74F9C6" box="[678,696,1560,1580]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="16">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717BFFC6FD6CF9F0FC95F9C6" box="[714,857,1559,1580]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="16">malabaricus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717BFFC6FC32F9FFFBD9F9C6" baseAuthorityName="Hamilton" baseAuthorityYear="1822" box="[916,1045,1559,1580]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coioides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717BFFC6FC32F9FFFC6AF9C6" box="[916,934,1560,1580]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="16">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717BFFC6FC11F9F0FBD9F9C6" box="[951,1045,1559,1580]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="16">coioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(which have a few anterior lateral-lure scales With branched tubules), the lateral-line scales of other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717BFFC6FAC4F9DCFA3FF9BC" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[1378,1523,1595,1622]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717BFFC6FAC4F9DCFA3FF9BC" box="[1378,1523,1595,1622]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="16">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have unbranched tubes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA8431717BFFC6FD8BF99BFD8CF843" blockId="11.[495,1523,1224,2439]" pageId="11" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717BFFC6FD8BF99BFD72F972" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[557,702,1660,1688]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717BFFC6FD8BF99BFD72F972" box="[557,702,1660,1688]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="16">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is compared with the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717BFFC6FB8BF99AFB1FF972" authorityName="BLOCH & SCHNEIDER" authorityYear="1801" box="[1069,1235,1661,1688]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717BFFC6FB8BF99AFB1FF972" box="[1069,1235,1661,1688]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="16">Cephalopholis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the account of that genus (above). The relationships of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717BFFC6FB8EF946FB74F951" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[1064,1208,1697,1723]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717BFFC6FB8EF946FB74F951" box="[1064,1208,1697,1723]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="16">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are obscure, because this taxon (like other grouper genera) is defined by superficial (not clearly synapomorphic) characters that may or may not indicate the congeneric status of the included species. Nevertheless, the genus can easily be separated from the other eastern Atlantic genera, as indicated in the key to species (above). A comparison of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717BFFC6FAC1F8CEFA3EF8AF" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[1383,1522,1833,1861]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717BFFC6FAC1F8CEFA3EF8AF" box="[1383,1522,1833,1861]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="16">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the grouper genera that are not represented in the eastern Atlantic is given in the papers of RANDALL and HEEMSTRA (in press) and HEEMSTRA and RANDALL (in press).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA8431717BFFC6FD88F848FD2AF77B" blockId="11.[495,1523,1224,2439]" pageId="11" pageNumber="16">
|
||
The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717BFFC6FD12F848FC88F820" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[692,836,1967,1994]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717BFFC6FD12F848FC88F820" box="[692,836,1967,1994]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="16">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as here defined, comprises some 97 species and is thus the most speciose genus of serranid fishes. It is well represented in the tropical and subtropical waters of all three major oceans. Most species (67) are found in the vast Indo-West Pacific region (see RANDALL and HEEMSTRA, in press, for a revision of the Indo-West Pacific species). Eight species occur in the eastern Pacific; 11 are known from the western Atlantic, and 9 species are found in the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA8431717BFFC6FD8AF779FDAFF6B7" blockId="11.[495,1523,1224,2439]" pageId="11" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717BFFC6FD8AF779FD71F750" box="[556,701,2206,2234]" pageId="11" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717BFFC6FD8AF779FD71F750" box="[556,701,2206,2234]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="16">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are generally found on coral or rocky reefs, but a few species (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717BFFC6FD94F726FD64F73F" baseAuthorityName="E. GEOFFROY SAINT-HILAIRE" baseAuthorityYear="1817" box="[562,680,2241,2261]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aeneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717BFFC6FD94F726FD88F73F" box="[562,580,2241,2261]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="16">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717BFFC6FDFEF720FD64F73F" box="[600,680,2247,2261]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="16">aeneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) are commonly taken with trawls over sandy/mud bottoms. Some species occur in deep water (to at least 525 m.), but most are found in depths of 10- 200 m. The two largest species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717BFFC6FC36F6E1FC30F6CA" box="[912,1020,2309,2337]" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="itajara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717BFFC6FC36F6E1FC6CF6F0" box="[912,928,2310,2330]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="16">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717BFFC6FC15F6E2FC30F6CA" box="[947,1020,2309,2336]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="16">itajara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C45FFB2717BFFC6FB99F6E2FB26F6CB" box="[1087,1258,2308,2337]" family="Serranidae" genus="Enneistus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanceolatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717BFFC6FB99F6E2FB9DF6F3" box="[1087,1105,2309,2329]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="16">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9315823717BFFC6FBC5F6E3FB26F6CB" box="[1123,1258,2308,2337]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="16">lanceolatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), which grow to well over 2 metres in length and a weight of over 400 kg, are often found in estuaries and harbours.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA8431717BFFC1FD88F68DFDF4FB2B" blockId="11.[495,1523,1224,2439]" lastBlockId="12.[500,1527,1088,1217]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="16">The reproduction of a few species has been studied, and they appear to be protogynous hermaphrodites; but the picture is complicated in some species by the occurence of males that are much smaller than some females. It may be that not all females change sex, and perhaps some males do not go through a previous female stage.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |