plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/03/DE/BC/03DEBC7EE063FFE91610FEE2FC2CF963.xml
maintenance bc2564723d added 03
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

754 lines
106 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains invisible Unicode characters

This file contains invisible Unicode characters that are indistinguishable to humans but may be processed differently by a computer. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="699F2763B56FF649402F75FE6EE6904E" ID-CLB-Dataset="50967" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.169824" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9bbad4e8-4bcd-42a1-84a3-b0e6441be229" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="169824" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459746638191" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pepinelli, Mateus, Hamada, Neusa &amp; Trivinho-Strixino, Susana" docDate="2005" docId="03DEBC7EE063FFE91610FEE2FC2CF963" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01040p029.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1040" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Simulium duodenicornium Pepinelli &amp; Hamada &amp; Trivinho-Strixino 2005, New Species" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="28" masterDocId="FFE7C406E061FFE21718FFFEFFDCFF9D" masterDocTitle="Simulium (Thyrsopelma) duodenicornium, a new black fly species (Diptera: Simuliidae) from the Southeast Region of Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="29" masterPageNumber="17" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1698213961142" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="29B433CE1F6897B46531EB5E0C0C3852" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="D79E603D1209A449780D95BBB73F6CA7">
<mods:title id="E8E96C23099182A1536AA84ACA3C008D">Simulium (Thyrsopelma) duodenicornium, a new black fly species (Diptera: Simuliidae) from the Southeast Region of Brazil</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="EA290195F856D82B72E4055BF133F46B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="BF24A4C8F1898238C507C74F9E711400">
<mods:roleTerm id="DE0270C36C92791AAE69E284BDD11ACD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="0EFD93C9951FCF42871829DAF4AD8CCC">Pepinelli, Mateus</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="138C7E58B75D987E08DDC3CCCA646FB2" type="personal">
<mods:role id="590B7FCB9AFC27BBBA032A53CCB39733">
<mods:roleTerm id="84451BF48AE8BBE45DA923F3227E451C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="3475BD33DAE666CFD7CCC0BB06BE7436">Hamada, Neusa</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="D59D86F3F783B349C08E4A1A54B04338" type="personal">
<mods:role id="BB49F4866FED51B4176D40C4A57F9B53">
<mods:roleTerm id="0619A0CAF4B2DCCC2467F80A7F005C0B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="07AF0B13F98E9A759A461A75BA430C6C">Trivinho-Strixino, Susana</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="F1D26E3983A3F6C47A85677098074FD1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="9EEEC6E0B0D3598F109E4652F05322CE" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="2B3FF637B026E13797985F2989CE32F0">
<mods:title id="E74586DB365B7F85C2394600EC887A5D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="E55CF9A0F517EFBC6B2E698DF359A698">
<mods:date id="0595A84E3E5EFF4B2801E278F60CB7E2">2005</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="EC1E3CB4C933ACB456C774BBA5E7B506" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="BFE672967F9FB29883C510B59D5B4584">2005-08-23</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="E8415B4C596B2EF7B18165F432E6826B" type="volume">
<mods:number id="41BAA2238A5A39202309A5EA566D545A">1040</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="6B6160D8B5A862D8C54F68EA1F9C4370" unit="page">
<mods:start id="DF34EBB46C1E53AD39EFC43D3B17B42B">17</mods:start>
<mods:end id="81759D25F500E793D2C8042393822A6F">29</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="341810E0459F7C20832C29066AA8524E">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="C48E6EE216626221E8923B5196573C39" type="CLB-Dataset">50967</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3B9A5EDD377CBB51121BC58BBBAB70AC" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.169824</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2FF7FCEAA2B766699B5048BE32E23D94" type="GBIF-Dataset">9bbad4e8-4bcd-42a1-84a3-b0e6441be229</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3E02B08B4AF9FDD903DC4B4CB4EDE5EB" type="ISSN">1175­5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2FA21753557357DCEB37B6AD136A2A53" type="Zenodo-Dep">169824</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03DEBC7EE063FFE91610FEE2FC2CF963" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6265320" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119336548" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6265320" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DEBC7EE063FFE91610FEE2FC2CF963" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DEBC7EE063FFE91610FEE2FC2CF963" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">
<subSubSection id="C36D5EE3E063FFE01610FEE2FE4AFEC4" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC80D68E063FFE01610FEE2FB03FEA8" blockId="2.[264,1247,283,345]" box="[264,1247,283,310]" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="D080BA04E063FFE01610FEE2FB03FEA8" bold="true" box="[264,1247,283,310]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE063FFE01610FEE2FB03FEA8" bold="true" box="[264,1247,283,310]" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="4C7776EBE063FFE01610FEE2FBE2FEA8" ID-CoL="8DZ3B" authority="Pepinelli, Hamada &amp; Trivinho-Strixino" authorityName="Pepinelli &amp; Hamada &amp; Trivinho-Strixino" authorityYear="2005" box="[264,1086,283,310]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duodenicornium" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE063FFE01610FEE2FD92FEAB" bold="true" box="[264,590,284,310]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">Simulium duodenicornium</emphasis>
Pepinelli, Hamada &amp; Trivinho­Strixino
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2306C01E063FFE0135DFEE5FB03FEA8" box="[1093,1247,283,309]" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rank="species">New Species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC80D68E063FFE01617FEC1FE4AFEC4" blockId="2.[264,1247,283,345]" box="[271,406,319,345]" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">
(
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE063FFE01600FEC1FE52FEC4" box="[280,398,319,345]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStart-1="FIGURES 11 – 15" captionStart-2="FIGURES 16 – 22" captionStart-3="FIGURES 23 – 30" captionStart-4="FIGURES 31 – 37" captionStart-5="FIGURE 38" captionStart-6="FIGURE 39" captionStart-7="FIGURES 40 – 48" captionStartId-0="2.[264,382,1444,1468]" captionStartId-1="3.[264,382,1843,1867]" captionStartId-2="4.[264,383,1774,1798]" captionStartId-3="5.[264,382,1765,1789]" captionStartId-4="6.[264,382,1812,1836]" captionStartId-5="7.[264,368,1527,1551]" captionStartId-6="8.[264,367,1507,1531]" captionStartId-7="9.[264,382,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox-0="[264,1319,509,1432]" captionTargetBox-1="[268,1317,1009,1832]" captionTargetBox-2="[267,1319,438,1746]" captionTargetBox-3="[325,1215,285,1758]" captionTargetBox-4="[324,1272,1037,1801]" captionTargetBox-5="[278,1322,321,1500]" captionTargetBox-6="[269,1322,624,1488]" captionTargetBox-7="[270,1314,780,1762]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[264,1323,504,1433]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[266,1322,1001,1834]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[267,1319,432,1748]" captionTargetId-3="figure@5.[325,1216,285,1758]" captionTargetId-4="figure@6.[319,1273,1032,1803]" captionTargetId-5="figure@7.[264,1323,310,1520]" captionTargetId-6="figure@8.[264,1323,609,1500]" captionTargetId-7="figure@9.[270,1317,778,1765]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionTargetPageId-4="6" captionTargetPageId-5="7" captionTargetPageId-6="8" captionTargetPageId-7="9" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 10. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. female. 1. Scutum, dorsal view. 2. Scutum, dorsolateral view. 3. Fronto­ocular triangle. 4. Antenna. 5. Calcipala and pedisulcus. 6. Cibarium. 7. Foreleg. 8. Middle leg. 9. Hindleg. 10. Claw of foreleg." captionText-1="FIGURES 11 – 15. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. female. 11. Terminalia, in situ. 12. Genital fork. 13. Cercus and anal lobe. 14. Hypogynial valves, ventral view. 15. Spicules on spermatheca wall." captionText-2="FIGURES 16 – 22. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. male. 16. Scutum, dorsal view. 17. Scutum, dorsolateral view. 18. Claws of foreleg. 19. Wing base. 20. Paramere. 21. Gonocoxite and gonostylus, with one or two apical spines. 22. Median sclerite." captionText-3="FIGURES 23 – 30. Male terminalia in situ, ventral view. 23. S. duodenicornium. 24. S. guianense. 25 – 30. Ventral plate of S. duodenicornium and S. guianense. 25, 27, 29. S. duodenicornium. 25. Ve n tr a l vi e w. 27. Dorsal view. 29. Lateral View. 26, 28, 30. S. guianense. 26. Ventral plate, ventral view. 28. Ventral plate, dorsal view. 30. Lateral view." captionText-4="FIGURES 31 – 37. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. pupa. 31. Habitus, dorsal view. 32. Habitus, lateral view. 33, 34. Gill filaments. 35. Pair of spines above frontoclypeus. 36. Anterior region of cocoon. 37. Spiniform trichomes on thorax." captionText-5="FIGURE 38. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. pupa. 38. Abdominal segments dorsal view, a: lateral setae of tergite I; b: setae and small tubercles on tergite II, c: hooks on tergite III; d: hooks on tergite IV; e: group of microspines on tergites V – IX." captionText-6="FIGURE 39. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. pupa. 39. Abdomen, ventral view, a: group of microspines on sternites III – V; b: hooks on sternite VI; c: hooks on sternite VII; d: hooks on sternite VIII." captionText-7="FIGURES 40 – 48. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. larva. 40 – 44. Head capsule. 40. Dorsal view, in situ. 41. Ventral view, in situ. 42. Ventral view of postgenal cleft. 43. Hypostoma. 44. Dorsal view showing cervical sclerites. 45. Antenna. 46. Ovoid setae on body cuticle. 47. Anal disc. 48. Anal lobes." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/169825/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/169826/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/169827/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/169828/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/169829/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/169830/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/169831/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/169832/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">Figs.1–48</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D5EE3E063FFE81610FE70FE94FEA8" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC80D68E063FFE01610FE70FBEEFE4C" blockId="2.[264,1323,398,465]" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE063FFE01610FE70FEB6FE35" bold="true" box="[264,362,398,424]" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">Female.</emphasis>
General coloration black. Body length
<quantity id="4C8FA08DE063FFE0145CFE71FC7CFE34" box="[836,928,399,425]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="2.8">2.8 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B903D17AE063FFE014AAFE71FC1DFE35" box="[946,961,399,424]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">n</emphasis>
= 1); thorax lateral length
<quantity id="4C8FA08DE063FFE0121EFE71FEE9FE4C" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B903D17AE063FFE0165FFE49FE8AFE4D" box="[327,342,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">n</emphasis>
= 1); wing length
<quantity id="4C8FA08DE063FFE01537FE49FD55FE4C" box="[559,649,439,465]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B903D17AE063FFE01582FE49FD75FE4D" box="[666,681,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">n</emphasis>
= 1), wing width
<quantity id="4C8FA08DE063FFE01462FE49FC08FE4C" box="[890,980,439,465]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B903D17AE063FFE014FDFE49FC28FE4D" box="[997,1012,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">n</emphasis>
= 1).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF085DE0E063FFE01610FA5AFC84F99C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169825/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" targetBox="[264,1319,509,1432]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BC80D68E063FFE01610FA5AFC84F99C" blockId="2.[264,1322,1444,1538]" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE063FFE01610FA5AFE63FA21" bold="true" box="[264,447,1444,1468]" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">FIGURES 1–10</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C7776EBE063FFE016C9FA5BFD2DFA21" authority="Pepinelli &amp; Hamada &amp; Trivinho-Strixino, 2005" authorityName="Pepinelli &amp; Hamada &amp; Trivinho-Strixino" authorityYear="2005" box="[465,753,1445,1468]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duodenicornium" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE063FFE016C9FA5BFD2DFA21" box="[465,753,1445,1468]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">Simulium duodenicornium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2306C01E063FFE015E4FA5AFCE6FA26" box="[764,826,1444,1467]" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
female.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE063FFE01487FA5AFC6FFA21" bold="true" box="[927,947,1444,1468]" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">1.</emphasis>
Scutum, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE063FFE013ABFA5AFB1BFA21" bold="true" box="[1203,1223,1444,1468]" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">2.</emphasis>
Scutum, dorsolateral view.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE063FFE016D3FA39FE02FA42" bold="true" box="[459,478,1479,1503]" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">3.</emphasis>
Fronto­ocular triangle.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE063FFE015C4FA39FD33FA42" bold="true" box="[732,751,1479,1503]" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">4.</emphasis>
Antenna.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE063FFE01444FA39FCADFA42" bold="true" box="[860,881,1479,1503]" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">5.</emphasis>
Calcipala and pedisulcus.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE063FFE01393FA39FB42FA42" bold="true" box="[1163,1182,1479,1503]" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">6.</emphasis>
Cibarium.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE063FFE0120EFA39FAF6FA42" bold="true" box="[1302,1322,1479,1503]" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">7.</emphasis>
Foreleg.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE063FFE0167FFA14FEA6F99F" bold="true" box="[359,378,1514,1538]" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">8.</emphasis>
Middle leg.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE063FFE0151BFA14FDCAF99F" bold="true" box="[515,534,1514,1538]" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">9.</emphasis>
Hindleg.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE063FFE01599FA14FD7EF99F" bold="true" box="[641,674,1514,1538]" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">10.</emphasis>
Claw of foreleg.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC80D68E063FFE11620F9CBFC11FC2B" blockId="2.[264,1325,1589,1895]" lastBlockId="3.[264,1325,284,950]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">
Frons, clypeus, and occiput dark brown with silver pruinosity; fronto­ocular triangle present (
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE063FFE01677F9A3FE65F9EA" box="[367,441,1629,1655]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="2.[264,382,1444,1468]" captionTargetBox="[264,1319,509,1432]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[264,1323,504,1433]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. female. 1. Scutum, dorsal view. 2. Scutum, dorsolateral view. 3. Fronto­ocular triangle. 4. Antenna. 5. Calcipala and pedisulcus. 6. Cibarium. 7. Foreleg. 8. Middle leg. 9. Hindleg. 10. Claw of foreleg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169825/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
); fronto­ocular suture absent. Antenna with silver pubescence,
<quantity id="4C8FA08DE063FFE013AFF9A3FEEAF902" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="0.575" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.55">0.55–0.60 mm</quantity>
in length; scape, pedicel, and proximal area of first flagellomere brownish yellow, remaining flagellomeres dark brown (
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE063FFE015D1F953FCC8F95A" box="[713,788,1709,1735]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="2.[264,382,1444,1468]" captionTargetBox="[264,1319,509,1432]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[264,1323,504,1433]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. female. 1. Scutum, dorsal view. 2. Scutum, dorsolateral view. 3. Fronto­ocular triangle. 4. Antenna. 5. Calcipala and pedisulcus. 6. Cibarium. 7. Foreleg. 8. Middle leg. 9. Hindleg. 10. Claw of foreleg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169825/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Maxillary palpus brownish yellow; sensory vesicle elongated, occupying more than 1/3 of length of palpomere III; palpomere V twice length of palpomere III and IV. Mandible with 12 external serrations and 34–38 internal teeth. Lacinia with 25–26 retrorse teeth. Central region of cibarium with tubercles, cibarium arms sclerotized (
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE063FFE0154FF8B3FD7FF8FA" box="[599,675,1869,1895]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="2.[264,382,1444,1468]" captionTargetBox="[264,1319,509,1432]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[264,1323,504,1433]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. female. 1. Scutum, dorsal view. 2. Scutum, dorsolateral view. 3. Fronto­ocular triangle. 4. Antenna. 5. Calcipala and pedisulcus. 6. Cibarium. 7. Foreleg. 8. Middle leg. 9. Hindleg. 10. Claw of foreleg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169825/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). Scutum black (
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE063FFE01462F8B3FC29F8FA" box="[890,1013,1869,1895]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="2.[264,382,1444,1468]" captionTargetBox="[264,1319,509,1432]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[264,1323,504,1433]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. female. 1. Scutum, dorsal view. 2. Scutum, dorsolateral view. 3. Fronto­ocular triangle. 4. Antenna. 5. Calcipala and pedisulcus. 6. Cibarium. 7. Foreleg. 8. Middle leg. 9. Hindleg. 10. Claw of foreleg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169825/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">Figs. 1, 2</figureCitation>
), with gray­whitish hairs distributed in groups, with central line without hairs (light source anterior). Anepisternum dark brown; katepisternum light brown. Scutellum light brown with golden hairs; postnotum black. Wing vein Sc bare, R with setae, as in male wing (
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE062FFE11332FE92FB5EFE1B" box="[1066,1154,364,390]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 22" captionStartId="4.[264,383,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[267,1319,438,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[267,1319,432,1748]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 22. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. male. 16. Scutum, dorsal view. 17. Scutum, dorsolateral view. 18. Claws of foreleg. 19. Wing base. 20. Paramere. 21. Gonocoxite and gonostylus, with one or two apical spines. 22. Median sclerite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169827/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
). Foreleg with coxa, trochanter, and medial to proximal area of femur light brown; distal region and all tarsal segments dark brown (
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE062FFE11544FE42FD79FE4B" box="[604,677,444,470]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="2.[264,382,1444,1468]" captionTargetBox="[264,1319,509,1432]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[264,1323,504,1433]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. female. 1. Scutum, dorsal view. 2. Scutum, dorsolateral view. 3. Fronto­ocular triangle. 4. Antenna. 5. Calcipala and pedisulcus. 6. Cibarium. 7. Foreleg. 8. Middle leg. 9. Hindleg. 10. Claw of foreleg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169825/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). Middle leg with coxa, trochanter, femur, and most of tibia light brown; tibia, basitarsus, and penultimate tarsomere with distal region dark brown; other tarsomeres dark brown (
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE062FFE115D3FDF2FCC8FDBB" box="[715,788,524,550]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="2.[264,382,1444,1468]" captionTargetBox="[264,1319,509,1432]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[264,1323,504,1433]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. female. 1. Scutum, dorsal view. 2. Scutum, dorsolateral view. 3. Fronto­ocular triangle. 4. Antenna. 5. Calcipala and pedisulcus. 6. Cibarium. 7. Foreleg. 8. Middle leg. 9. Hindleg. 10. Claw of foreleg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169825/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
).
<collectingCountry id="F3604DF8E062FFE11435FDF2FCB4FDBB" box="[813,872,524,550]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Hind</collectingCountry>
leg with coxa dark brown, trochanter light brown, femur, tibia and tarsomere light brown with apical region dark brown (
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE062FFE113CEFDCAFAC1FDD3" box="[1238,1309,564,590]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="2.[264,382,1444,1468]" captionTargetBox="[264,1319,509,1432]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[264,1323,504,1433]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. female. 1. Scutum, dorsal view. 2. Scutum, dorsolateral view. 3. Fronto­ocular triangle. 4. Antenna. 5. Calcipala and pedisulcus. 6. Cibarium. 7. Foreleg. 8. Middle leg. 9. Hindleg. 10. Claw of foreleg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169825/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
); calcipala as broad as long (
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE062FFE11548FDA2FD46FDEB" box="[592,666,604,630]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="2.[264,382,1444,1468]" captionTargetBox="[264,1319,509,1432]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[264,1323,504,1433]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. female. 1. Scutum, dorsal view. 2. Scutum, dorsolateral view. 3. Fronto­ocular triangle. 4. Antenna. 5. Calcipala and pedisulcus. 6. Cibarium. 7. Foreleg. 8. Middle leg. 9. Hindleg. 10. Claw of foreleg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169825/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). Tarsal claw base slightly prominent (
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE062FFE11377FDA2FB15FDEB" box="[1135,1225,604,630]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="2.[264,382,1444,1468]" captionTargetBox="[264,1319,509,1432]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[264,1323,504,1433]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. female. 1. Scutum, dorsal view. 2. Scutum, dorsolateral view. 3. Fronto­ocular triangle. 4. Antenna. 5. Calcipala and pedisulcus. 6. Cibarium. 7. Foreleg. 8. Middle leg. 9. Hindleg. 10. Claw of foreleg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169825/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). Femur with filiform and spatuliform setae and tibiae with filiform setae on all legs. Tergites dark brown. Basal fringe with thin, long, golden hairs. Cercus rounded; anal lobe with internal area concave medially, forming two short projection of similar width, with anterior projection more membranous (
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE062FFE11569FD02FD1BFC8B" box="[625,711,764,790]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 15" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1843,1867]" captionTargetBox="[268,1317,1009,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[266,1322,1001,1834]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 15. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. female. 11. Terminalia, in situ. 12. Genital fork. 13. Cercus and anal lobe. 14. Hypogynial valves, ventral view. 15. Spicules on spermatheca wall." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169826/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
); in ventral view as in
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE062FFE114CAFD02FB98FC8B" box="[978,1092,764,790]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 15" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1843,1867]" captionTargetBox="[268,1317,1009,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[266,1322,1001,1834]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 15. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. female. 11. Terminalia, in situ. 12. Genital fork. 13. Cercus and anal lobe. 14. Hypogynial valves, ventral view. 15. Spicules on spermatheca wall." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169826/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Figure 11</figureCitation>
. Hypogynial valves subovoid, covered with microtrichia (
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE062FFE115D7FCDAFCB9FCA3" box="[719,869,804,830]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 15" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1843,1867]" captionTargetBox="[268,1317,1009,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[266,1322,1001,1834]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 15. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. female. 11. Terminalia, in situ. 12. Genital fork. 13. Cercus and anal lobe. 14. Hypogynial valves, ventral view. 15. Spicules on spermatheca wall." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169826/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Figs. 11, 14</figureCitation>
). Genital fork with stem long, lateral arms well developed and with large anterior processes; lateral arms forming subtriangular space (
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE062FFE11643FC8AFE32FC13" box="[347,494,884,910]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 15" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1843,1867]" captionTargetBox="[268,1317,1009,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[266,1322,1001,1834]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 15. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. female. 11. Terminalia, in situ. 12. Genital fork. 13. Cercus and anal lobe. 14. Hypogynial valves, ventral view. 15. Spicules on spermatheca wall." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169826/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Figs. 11, 12</figureCitation>
). Spermatheca subspherical, with internal cuticular microspines (
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE062FFE113E3FC8AFEF4FC2B" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 15" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1843,1867]" captionTargetBox="[268,1317,1009,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[266,1322,1001,1834]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 15. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. female. 11. Terminalia, in situ. 12. Genital fork. 13. Cercus and anal lobe. 14. Hypogynial valves, ventral view. 15. Spicules on spermatheca wall." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169826/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
); spermathecal duct and area of attachment unpigmented.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF085DE0E062FFE11610F8CDFACAF8F0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169826/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" targetBox="[268,1317,1009,1832]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BC80D68E062FFE11610F8CDFACAF8F0" blockId="3.[264,1323,1843,1902]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE062FFE11610F8CDFE19F8D6" bold="true" box="[264,453,1843,1867]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">FIGURES 11–15</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C7776EBE062FFE116CBF8CAFD31F8D6" authority="Pepinelli &amp; Hamada &amp; Trivinho-Strixino, 2005" authorityName="Pepinelli &amp; Hamada &amp; Trivinho-Strixino" authorityYear="2005" box="[467,749,1844,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duodenicornium" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE062FFE116CBF8CAFD31F8D6" box="[467,749,1844,1867]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Simulium duodenicornium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2306C01E062FFE115EBF8CAFCF7F8D6" box="[755,811,1844,1867]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
female.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE062FFE1149FF8CDFC7AF8D6" bold="true" box="[903,934,1843,1867]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">11.</emphasis>
Terminalia, in
<emphasis id="B903D17AE062FFE11350F8CAFBB3F8D6" box="[1096,1135,1844,1867]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">situ</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE062FFE11363F8CDFB40F8D6" bold="true" box="[1147,1180,1843,1867]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">12.</emphasis>
Genital fork.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE062FFE11610F8A8FEF5F8F3" bold="true" box="[264,297,1878,1902]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">13.</emphasis>
Cercus and anal lobe.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE062FFE11504F8A8FDE2F8F3" bold="true" box="[540,574,1878,1902]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">14.</emphasis>
Hypogynial valves, ventral view.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE062FFE114B2F8A8FC17F8F3" bold="true" box="[938,971,1878,1902]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">15.</emphasis>
Spicules on spermatheca wall.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC80D68E065FFE61610FEE5FBECFEC3" blockId="4.[264,1323,283,350]" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE065FFE61610FEE5FE92FEA8" bold="true" box="[264,334,283,309]" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">Male.</emphasis>
General body coloration black; body length
<quantity id="4C8FA08DE065FFE6144FFEE2FC6CFEAB" box="[855,944,284,310]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="2.8">2.8 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B903D17AE065FFE614D9FEE2FC0CFEA8" box="[961,976,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
= 1); thorax lateral length
<quantity id="4C8FA08DE065FFE6121EFEE2FEE9FEC3" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B903D17AE065FFE6165FFEBAFE8AFEC0" box="[327,342,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
= 1). Wing length
<quantity id="4C8FA08DE065FFE6152BFEBAFD51FEC3" box="[563,653,324,350]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="2.4">2.4 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B903D17AE065FFE61586FEBAFD71FEC0" box="[670,685,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
= 1), wing width
<quantity id="4C8FA08DE065FFE61467FEBAFC0EFEC3" box="[895,978,324,350]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B903D17AE065FFE614FAFEBAFC2DFEC0" box="[994,1009,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
= 1).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF085DE0E065FFE61610F910FC7FF8CF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169827/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="21" targetBox="[267,1319,438,1746]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BC80D68E065FFE61610F910FC7FF8CF" blockId="4.[264,1323,1774,1875]" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE065FFE61610F910FE0DF89B" bold="true" box="[264,465,1774,1798]" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">FIGURES 16–22.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7776EBE065FFE616C2F911FD2BF89B" authority="Pepinelli &amp; Hamada &amp; Trivinho-Strixino, 2005" authorityName="Pepinelli &amp; Hamada &amp; Trivinho-Strixino" authorityYear="2005" box="[474,759,1775,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duodenicornium" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE065FFE616C2F911FD2BF89B" box="[474,759,1775,1798]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">Simulium duodenicornium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2306C01E065FFE61410F911FC98F89B" box="[776,836,1775,1798]" pageId="4" pageNumber="21" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
male.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE065FFE61488F910FC6DF89B" bold="true" box="[912,945,1774,1798]" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">16.</emphasis>
Scutum, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE065FFE613B0F910FB15F89B" bold="true" box="[1192,1225,1774,1798]" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">17.</emphasis>
Scutum, dorsolateral view.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE065FFE616C4F8EAFE21F8B1" bold="true" box="[476,509,1812,1836]" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">18.</emphasis>
Claws of foreleg.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE065FFE615FAF8EAFCD8F8B1" bold="true" box="[738,772,1812,1836]" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">19.</emphasis>
Wing base.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE065FFE61487F8EAFC1DF8B1" bold="true" box="[927,961,1812,1836]" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">20.</emphasis>
Paramere.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE065FFE61351F8EAFBB6F8B1" bold="true" box="[1097,1130,1812,1836]" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">21.</emphasis>
Gonocoxite and gonostylus, with one or two apical spines.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE065FFE615D6F8C5FD33F8CE" bold="true" box="[718,751,1851,1875]" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">22.</emphasis>
Median sclerite.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF085DE0E064FFE71610F91BFCE3F8C0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169828/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" targetBox="[325,1215,285,1758]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BC80D68E064FFE71610F91BFCE3F8C0" blockId="5.[264,1323,1765,1885]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE064FFE71610F91BFE0CF960" bold="true" box="[264,464,1765,1789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">FIGURES 23–30.</emphasis>
Male terminalia in situ, ventral view.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE064FFE71468F91BFC4DF960" bold="true" box="[880,913,1765,1789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">23.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7776EBE064FFE71481F91BFBBFF961" authorityName="Pepinelli &amp; Hamada &amp; Trivinho-Strixino" authorityYear="2005" box="[921,1123,1765,1788]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duodenicornium">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE064FFE71481F91BFBBFF961" box="[921,1123,1765,1788]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">S. duodenicornium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE064FFE7136AF91BFB48F960" bold="true" box="[1138,1172,1765,1789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">24.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7776EBE064FFE71384F91BFAFFF961" baseAuthorityName="Miranda-Esquivel &amp; Coscaron" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[1180,1315,1765,1788]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guianense">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE064FFE71384F91BFAFFF961" box="[1180,1315,1765,1788]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">S. guianense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE064FFE71610F8FBFE8EF880" bold="true" box="[264,338,1797,1821]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">25–30.</emphasis>
Ventral plate of
<taxonomicName id="4C7776EBE064FFE71516F8F8FD07F880" authorityName="Pepinelli &amp; Hamada &amp; Trivinho-Strixino" authorityYear="2005" box="[526,731,1798,1821]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duodenicornium">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE064FFE71516F8F8FD07F880" box="[526,731,1798,1821]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">S. duodenicornium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7776EBE064FFE7140BF8F8FC40F880" baseAuthorityName="Miranda-Esquivel &amp; Coscaron" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[787,924,1798,1821]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guianense">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE064FFE7140BF8F8FC40F880" box="[787,924,1798,1821]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">S. guianense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE064FFE714B5F8FBFBF8F880" bold="true" box="[941,1060,1797,1821]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">25, 27, 29.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B903D17AE064FFE71335F8F8FADCF880" box="[1069,1280,1798,1821]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="4C7776EBE064FFE71335F8F8FB21F880" authorityName="Pepinelli &amp; Hamada &amp; Trivinho-Strixino" authorityYear="2005" box="[1069,1277,1798,1821]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duodenicornium">S. duodenicornium</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B903D17AE064FFE71211F8FBFAF6F880" bold="true" box="[1289,1322,1797,1821]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">25.</emphasis>
Ve n tr a l vi e w.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE064FFE71684F8DBFE62F8A0" bold="true" box="[412,446,1829,1853]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">27.</emphasis>
Dorsal view.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE064FFE7154BF8DBFDA9F8A0" bold="true" box="[595,629,1829,1853]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">29.</emphasis>
Lateral View.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE064FFE7140BF8DBFC59F8A0" bold="true" box="[787,901,1829,1853]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">26, 28, 30.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7776EBE064FFE71494F8D8FBC8F8A0" baseAuthorityName="Miranda-Esquivel &amp; Coscaron" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[908,1044,1830,1853]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guianense">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE064FFE71494F8D8FC45F8A0" box="[908,921,1830,1853]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE064FFE714B0F8D8FBC8F8A0" box="[936,1044,1830,1853]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">guianense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE064FFE7133AF8DBFB9FF8A0" bold="true" box="[1058,1091,1829,1853]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">26.</emphasis>
Ventral plate, ventral view.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE064FFE71650F8BBFEB5F8C0" bold="true" box="[328,361,1861,1885]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">28.</emphasis>
Ventral plate, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE064FFE71594F8BBFD71F8C0" bold="true" box="[652,685,1861,1885]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">30.</emphasis>
Lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC80D68E067FFE41620FEE2FD39FCA3" blockId="6.[264,1325,284,830]" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">
Antenna with whitish pubescense,
<quantity id="4C8FA08DE067FFE415FEFEE2FCABFEAB" box="[742,887,284,310]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.6 mm</quantity>
in length; scape, pedicel, and first flagellomere light brown, remaining flagellomere dark brown, palpus dark brown, sensory vesicle small, occupying less than 1/5 of palpomere III; palpomere V about 2.2 times as long as palpomeres III and IV. Scutum black with golden hairs densely distributed (
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE067FFE413E8FE6AFE87FE4B" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 22" captionStartId="4.[264,383,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[267,1319,438,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[267,1319,432,1748]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 22. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. male. 16. Scutum, dorsal view. 17. Scutum, dorsolateral view. 18. Claws of foreleg. 19. Wing base. 20. Paramere. 21. Gonocoxite and gonostylus, with one or two apical spines. 22. Median sclerite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169827/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Figs. 16, 17</figureCitation>
), without any silver or gray pattern. Scutellum dark brown, posnotum black. Anespiternum and katepisternum dark brown. Wing venation: Sc bare, Rs with hairs, and R and C with hairs and spines (
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE067FFE41590FDF2FD3EFDBB" box="[648,738,524,550]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 22" captionStartId="4.[264,383,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[267,1319,438,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[267,1319,432,1748]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 22. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. male. 16. Scutum, dorsal view. 17. Scutum, dorsolateral view. 18. Claws of foreleg. 19. Wing base. 20. Paramere. 21. Gonocoxite and gonostylus, with one or two apical spines. 22. Median sclerite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169827/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
). Legs with same color pattern as in female, but tarsal claw differentiated, with prominent projection on base (
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE067FFE414C4FDCAFBEFFDD3" box="[988,1075,564,590]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 22" captionStartId="4.[264,383,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[267,1319,438,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[267,1319,432,1748]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 22. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. male. 16. Scutum, dorsal view. 17. Scutum, dorsolateral view. 18. Claws of foreleg. 19. Wing base. 20. Paramere. 21. Gonocoxite and gonostylus, with one or two apical spines. 22. Median sclerite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169827/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
). Abdominal tergites black; basal fringe with long and thin, golden hairs. Gonocoxite and gonostylus brown; gonocoxite subrectangular; gonostylus elongated with 1 or 2 acute apical spines (
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE067FFE413DDFD7AFAC1FD03" box="[1221,1309,644,670]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 22" captionStartId="4.[264,383,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[267,1319,438,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[267,1319,432,1748]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 22. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. male. 16. Scutum, dorsal view. 17. Scutum, dorsolateral view. 18. Claws of foreleg. 19. Wing base. 20. Paramere. 21. Gonocoxite and gonostylus, with one or two apical spines. 22. Median sclerite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169827/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
). Median sclerite rectangular with medial concavity (
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE067FFE4147DFD52FC62FD5B" box="[869,958,684,710]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 22" captionStartId="4.[264,383,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[267,1319,438,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[267,1319,432,1748]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 22. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. male. 16. Scutum, dorsal view. 17. Scutum, dorsolateral view. 18. Claws of foreleg. 19. Wing base. 20. Paramere. 21. Gonocoxite and gonostylus, with one or two apical spines. 22. Median sclerite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169827/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
). Paramere weakly sclerotized, poorly developed; membrane on central region with spicules (
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE067FFE4130DFD2AFBA8FD73" box="[1045,1140,724,750]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 22" captionStartId="4.[264,383,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[267,1319,438,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[267,1319,432,1748]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 22. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. male. 16. Scutum, dorsal view. 17. Scutum, dorsolateral view. 18. Claws of foreleg. 19. Wing base. 20. Paramere. 21. Gonocoxite and gonostylus, with one or two apical spines. 22. Median sclerite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169827/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
). Ventral plate subrectangular, with anterior projection as in
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE067FFE41426FD02FBE7FC8B" box="[830,1083,764,790]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 – 30" captionStartId="5.[264,382,1765,1789]" captionTargetBox="[325,1215,285,1758]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[325,1216,285,1758]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 23 – 30. Male terminalia in situ, ventral view. 23. S. duodenicornium. 24. S. guianense. 25 – 30. Ventral plate of S. duodenicornium and S. guianense. 25, 27, 29. S. duodenicornium. 25. Ve n tr a l vi e w. 27. Dorsal view. 29. Lateral View. 26, 28, 30. S. guianense. 26. Ventral plate, ventral view. 28. Ventral plate, dorsal view. 30. Lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169828/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Figs. 23, 25, 27, 29</figureCitation>
; anterior projection enlarged distally and covered with setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC80D68E067FFE41610FC8AFE8AFC43" blockId="6.[264,1323,884,990]" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE067FFE41610FC8AFE8AFC13" bold="true" box="[264,342,884,910]" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Pupae</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE067FFE4167FFC8AFE2AFC13" box="[359,502,884,910]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 31 – 37" captionStart-1="FIGURE 38" captionStart-2="FIGURE 39" captionStartId-0="6.[264,382,1812,1836]" captionStartId-1="7.[264,368,1527,1551]" captionStartId-2="8.[264,367,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox-0="[324,1272,1037,1801]" captionTargetBox-1="[278,1322,321,1500]" captionTargetBox-2="[269,1322,624,1488]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[319,1273,1032,1803]" captionTargetId-1="figure@7.[264,1323,310,1520]" captionTargetId-2="figure@8.[264,1323,609,1500]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionText-0="FIGURES 31 – 37. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. pupa. 31. Habitus, dorsal view. 32. Habitus, lateral view. 33, 34. Gill filaments. 35. Pair of spines above frontoclypeus. 36. Anterior region of cocoon. 37. Spiniform trichomes on thorax." captionText-1="FIGURE 38. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. pupa. 38. Abdominal segments dorsal view, a: lateral setae of tergite I; b: setae and small tubercles on tergite II, c: hooks on tergite III; d: hooks on tergite IV; e: group of microspines on tergites V – IX." captionText-2="FIGURE 39. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. pupa. 39. Abdomen, ventral view, a: group of microspines on sternites III – V; b: hooks on sternite VI; c: hooks on sternite VII; d: hooks on sternite VIII." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/169829/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/169830/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/169831/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Figs. 31–39</figureCitation>
). Body length
<quantity id="4C8FA08DE067FFE415BEFC8AFCEFFC13" box="[678,819,884,910]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="4.1" valueMin="3.9">3.9–4.1 mm</quantity>
(mean = 4.0 mm,
<emphasis id="B903D17AE067FFE41309FC8AFBFCFC10" box="[1041,1056,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">n</emphasis>
= 5). Dorsal length of cocoon 4.0–
<quantity id="4C8FA08DE067FFE4168EFC62FE2DFC2B" box="[406,497,924,950]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="4.4">4.4 mm</quantity>
(mean =
<quantity id="4C8FA08DE067FFE4157AFC62FD63FC2B" box="[610,703,924,950]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="4.1">4.1 mm</quantity>
,
<emphasis id="B903D17AE067FFE415D3FC62FD06FC28" box="[715,730,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">n</emphasis>
= 5), ventral length
<quantity id="4C8FA08DE067FFE414D4FC62FB84FC2B" box="[972,1112,924,950]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="3.15" valueMax="3.4" valueMin="2.9">2.9–3.4 mm</quantity>
(mean =
<quantity id="4C8FA08DE067FFE413D1FC62FAFBFC2B" box="[1225,1319,924,950]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="3.2">3.2 mm</quantity>
,
<emphasis id="B903D17AE067FFE41610FC3AFECBFC40" box="[264,279,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">n</emphasis>
= 5).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF085DE0E067FFE41610F8EAFD06F8F1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169829/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" targetBox="[324,1272,1037,1801]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BC80D68E067FFE41610F8EAFD06F8F1" blockId="6.[264,1323,1812,1900]" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE067FFE41610F8EAFE0DF8B1" bold="true" box="[264,465,1812,1836]" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">FIGURES 31–37.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7776EBE067FFE416C3F8EBFD24F8B1" authority="Pepinelli &amp; Hamada &amp; Trivinho-Strixino, 2005" authorityName="Pepinelli &amp; Hamada &amp; Trivinho-Strixino" authorityYear="2005" box="[475,760,1813,1836]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duodenicornium" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE067FFE416C3F8EBFD24F8B1" box="[475,760,1813,1836]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Simulium duodenicornium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2306C01E067FFE4141AF8EBFCE2F8B1" box="[770,830,1813,1836]" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
pupa.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE067FFE41493F8EAFC70F8B1" bold="true" box="[907,940,1812,1836]" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">31.</emphasis>
Habitus, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE067FFE413BEF8EAFB1BF8B1" bold="true" box="[1190,1223,1812,1836]" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">32.</emphasis>
Habitus, lateral view.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE067FFE4168CF8CAFE03F8D1" bold="true" box="[404,479,1844,1868]" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">33, 34.</emphasis>
Gill filaments.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE067FFE41594F8CAFD71F8D1" bold="true" box="[652,685,1844,1868]" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">35.</emphasis>
Pair of spines above frontoclypeus.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE067FFE41324F8CAFB81F8D1" bold="true" box="[1084,1117,1844,1868]" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">36.</emphasis>
Anterior region of cocoon.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE067FFE4167BF8AAFE58F8F1" bold="true" box="[355,388,1876,1900]" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">37.</emphasis>
Spiniform trichomes on thorax.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF085DE0E066FFE51610FA09FCEBF9C9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169830/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" targetBox="[278,1322,321,1500]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BC80D68E066FFE51610FA09FCEBF9C9" blockId="7.[264,1322,1527,1620]" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE066FFE51610FA09FE40F992" bold="true" box="[264,412,1527,1551]" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">FIGURE 38.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7776EBE066FFE516BFFA06FD1AF992" authority="Pepinelli &amp; Hamada &amp; Trivinho-Strixino, 2005" authorityName="Pepinelli &amp; Hamada &amp; Trivinho-Strixino" authorityYear="2005" box="[423,710,1528,1551]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duodenicornium" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE066FFE516BFFA06FD1AF992" box="[423,710,1528,1551]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">Simulium duodenicornium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2306C01E066FFE515C4FA09FCC6F993" box="[732,794,1527,1550]" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
pupa.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE066FFE51472FA09FC57F992" bold="true" box="[874,907,1527,1551]" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">38.</emphasis>
Abdominal segments dorsal view, a: lateral setae of tergite I; b: setae and small tubercles on tergite II, c: hooks on tergite III; d: hooks on tergite IV; e: group of microspines on tergites V–IX.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC80D68E066FFE51620F954FAF5F8F9" blockId="7.[264,1322,1706,1892]" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">
Cocoon boot shaped, thick and hard, without central projection (
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE066FFE5133CF954FB01F959" box="[1060,1245,1706,1732]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 37" captionStartId="6.[264,382,1812,1836]" captionTargetBox="[324,1272,1037,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[319,1273,1032,1803]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 37. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. pupa. 31. Habitus, dorsal view. 32. Habitus, lateral view. 33, 34. Gill filaments. 35. Pair of spines above frontoclypeus. 36. Anterior region of cocoon. 37. Spiniform trichomes on thorax." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169829/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">Figs. 31, 32, 36</figureCitation>
). Gills with 12 short, thick, and rigid filaments, with tips pointed and highly sclerotized, without spicules in annular arrangement (
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE066FFE51589F904FCFEF889" box="[657,802,1786,1812]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 37" captionStartId="6.[264,382,1812,1836]" captionTargetBox="[324,1272,1037,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[319,1273,1032,1803]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 37. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. pupa. 31. Habitus, dorsal view. 32. Habitus, lateral view. 33, 34. Gill filaments. 35. Pair of spines above frontoclypeus. 36. Anterior region of cocoon. 37. Spiniform trichomes on thorax." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169829/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">Figs. 33, 34</figureCitation>
). Frontoclypeus with 2 pairs of short, stout, and simple frontal trichomes, 1 pair of spines above frontoclypeus (
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE066FFE5132CF8DCFB51F8A1" box="[1076,1165,1826,1852]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 37" captionStartId="6.[264,382,1812,1836]" captionTargetBox="[324,1272,1037,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[319,1273,1032,1803]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 37. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. pupa. 31. Habitus, dorsal view. 32. Habitus, lateral view. 33, 34. Gill filaments. 35. Pair of spines above frontoclypeus. 36. Anterior region of cocoon. 37. Spiniform trichomes on thorax." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169829/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
), surrounded by small rounded tubercles. Thorax, dorsally, with 5 pairs of spiniform trichomes (
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE066FFE513E1F8B4FAF5F8F9" box="[1273,1321,1866,1892]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 37" captionStartId="6.[264,382,1812,1836]" captionTargetBox="[324,1272,1037,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[319,1273,1032,1803]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 37. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. pupa. 31. Habitus, dorsal view. 32. Habitus, lateral view. 33, 34. Gill filaments. 35. Pair of spines above frontoclypeus. 36. Anterior region of cocoon. 37. Spiniform trichomes on thorax." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169829/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">Fig.</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC80D68E069FFEA1610FEE2FB27FDBB" blockId="8.[264,1323,284,550]" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">
37). Abdomen as in
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE069FFEA151BFEE2FDB8FEAB" box="[515,612,284,310]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="7.[264,368,1527,1551]" captionTargetBox="[278,1322,321,1500]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[264,1323,310,1520]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 38. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. pupa. 38. Abdominal segments dorsal view, a: lateral setae of tergite I; b: setae and small tubercles on tergite II, c: hooks on tergite III; d: hooks on tergite IV; e: group of microspines on tergites V – IX." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169830/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">Figs. 38</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE069FFEA15BCFEE2FD19FEAB" box="[676,709,284,310]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="8.[264,367,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[269,1322,624,1488]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[264,1323,609,1500]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 39. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. pupa. 39. Abdomen, ventral view, a: group of microspines on sternites III – V; b: hooks on sternite VI; c: hooks on sternite VII; d: hooks on sternite VIII." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169831/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">39</figureCitation>
. Tergite I with 1 pair of sublateral setae (
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE069FFEA13D8FEE2FACCFEAB" box="[1216,1296,284,310]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="7.[264,368,1527,1551]" captionTargetBox="[278,1322,321,1500]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[264,1323,310,1520]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 38. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. pupa. 38. Abdominal segments dorsal view, a: lateral setae of tergite I; b: setae and small tubercles on tergite II, c: hooks on tergite III; d: hooks on tergite IV; e: group of microspines on tergites V – IX." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169830/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">Fig.38</figureCitation>
a). Tergite II with 4 pairs of stout setae, 2 pairs of thin sublateral setae, and many small tubercles especially in anterior to medial region of tergite (
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE069FFEA14D3FE92FBF8FE1B" box="[971,1060,364,390]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="7.[264,368,1527,1551]" captionTargetBox="[278,1322,321,1500]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[264,1323,310,1520]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 38. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. pupa. 38. Abdominal segments dorsal view, a: lateral setae of tergite I; b: setae and small tubercles on tergite II, c: hooks on tergite III; d: hooks on tergite IV; e: group of microspines on tergites V – IX." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169830/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
b). Tergites III and IV each with 4 anteriorly directed pairs of hooks on posterior margin (
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE069FFEA133FFE6AFB55FE33" box="[1063,1161,404,430]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="7.[264,368,1527,1551]" captionTargetBox="[278,1322,321,1500]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[264,1323,310,1520]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 38. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. pupa. 38. Abdominal segments dorsal view, a: lateral setae of tergite I; b: setae and small tubercles on tergite II, c: hooks on tergite III; d: hooks on tergite IV; e: group of microspines on tergites V – IX." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169830/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">Figs. 38</figureCitation>
c, d). Tergites V–IX with comblike groups of fine posteriorly directed spines on anterior margin (
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE069FFEA13E3FE42FEF4FE63" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="7.[264,368,1527,1551]" captionTargetBox="[278,1322,321,1500]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[264,1323,310,1520]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 38. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. pupa. 38. Abdominal segments dorsal view, a: lateral setae of tergite I; b: setae and small tubercles on tergite II, c: hooks on tergite III; d: hooks on tergite IV; e: group of microspines on tergites V – IX." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169830/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
e). Sternites III–IX with anterior medial comblike groups of microspines (
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE069FFEA13ACFE1AFACCFE63" box="[1204,1296,484,510]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="8.[264,367,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[269,1322,624,1488]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[264,1323,609,1500]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 39. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. pupa. 39. Abdomen, ventral view, a: group of microspines on sternites III – V; b: hooks on sternite VI; c: hooks on sternite VII; d: hooks on sternite VIII." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169831/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
a). Sternites V–VII with 2 pairs of stout, bifid hooks on posterior margin (
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE069FFEA135BFDF2FB78FDBB" box="[1091,1188,524,550]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="8.[264,367,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[269,1322,624,1488]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[264,1323,609,1500]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 39. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. pupa. 39. Abdomen, ventral view, a: group of microspines on sternites III – V; b: hooks on sternite VI; c: hooks on sternite VII; d: hooks on sternite VIII." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169831/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">Figs. 39</figureCitation>
b, c, d).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF085DE0E069FFEA1610FA1DFEE1F9DA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169831/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" targetBox="[269,1322,624,1488]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BC80D68E069FFEA1610FA1DFEE1F9DA" blockId="8.[264,1323,1507,1607]" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE069FFEA1610FA1DFE40FA66" bold="true" box="[264,412,1507,1531]" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">FIGURE 39.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7776EBE069FFEA16B0FA1AFD1BFA66" authority="Pepinelli &amp; Hamada &amp; Trivinho-Strixino, 2005" authorityName="Pepinelli &amp; Hamada &amp; Trivinho-Strixino" authorityYear="2005" box="[424,711,1508,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duodenicornium" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE069FFEA16B0FA1AFD1BFA66" box="[424,711,1508,1531]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">Simulium duodenicornium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2306C01E069FFEA15C5FA1AFCC7FA66" box="[733,795,1508,1531]" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
pupa.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE069FFEA1474FA1DFC51FA66" bold="true" box="[876,909,1507,1531]" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">39.</emphasis>
Abdomen, ventral view, a: group of microspines on sternites III–V; b: hooks on sternite VI; c: hooks on sternite VII; d: hooks on sternite VIII.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC80D68E069FFEA1610F980FDDCF975" blockId="8.[264,1323,1662,1888]" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE069FFEA1610F980FE23F905" bold="true" box="[264,511,1662,1688]" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">Larvae (last instar)</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE069FFEA150AF980FD7FF905" box="[530,675,1662,1688]" captionStart="FIGURES 40 – 48" captionStartId="9.[264,382,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[270,1314,780,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[270,1317,778,1765]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 40 – 48. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. larva. 40 – 44. Head capsule. 40. Dorsal view, in situ. 41. Ventral view, in situ. 42. Ventral view of postgenal cleft. 43. Hypostoma. 44. Dorsal view showing cervical sclerites. 45. Antenna. 46. Ovoid setae on body cuticle. 47. Anal disc. 48. Anal lobes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169832/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">Figs. 40–48</figureCitation>
). Length:
<quantity id="4C8FA08DE069FFEA1438F980FC73F905" box="[800,943,1662,1688]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.85" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="6.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="6.85" valueMax="7.5" valueMin="6.2">6.2–7.5 mm</quantity>
(mean =
<quantity id="4C8FA08DE069FFEA133FF980FB5AF905" box="[1063,1158,1662,1688]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="6.9">6.9 mm</quantity>
,
<emphasis id="B903D17AE069FFEA138CF981FB7FF905" box="[1172,1187,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">n</emphasis>
= 5); head capsule lateral length:
<quantity id="4C8FA08DE069FFEA1505F958FD72F95D" box="[541,686,1702,1728]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.6 mm</quantity>
(mean = 0.53,
<emphasis id="B903D17AE069FFEA1469F959FC5CF95D" box="[881,896,1703,1728]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">n</emphasis>
= 5), dorsal width:
<quantity id="4C8FA08DE069FFEA1365F958FAF7F95D" box="[1149,1323,1702,1728]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.35" metricValueMax="8.8" metricValueMin="7.9" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="0.835" valueMax="0.88" valueMin="0.79">0.79–0.88 mm</quantity>
(mean = 0.82,
<emphasis id="B903D17AE069FFEA16ABF931FE1EF975" box="[435,450,1743,1768]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">n</emphasis>
= 5).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC80D68E069FFEB1620F908FB8BFD5B" blockId="8.[264,1323,1662,1888]" lastBlockId="9.[264,1323,284,710]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">
General coloration grayish black (in Carnoy’s solution). Head capsule with negative pattern as in
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE069FFEA16BAF8E0FE26F8A5" box="[418,506,1822,1848]" captionStart="FIGURES 40 – 48" captionStartId="9.[264,382,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[270,1314,780,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[270,1317,778,1765]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 40 – 48. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. larva. 40 – 44. Head capsule. 40. Dorsal view, in situ. 41. Ventral view, in situ. 42. Ventral view of postgenal cleft. 43. Hypostoma. 44. Dorsal view showing cervical sclerites. 45. Antenna. 46. Ovoid setae on body cuticle. 47. Anal disc. 48. Anal lobes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169832/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
. Cervical sclerites small, eliptical, free in membrane, each with thin, elongated sclerite anteriorly (
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE069FFEA157CF8B8FD2BF8FD" box="[612,759,1862,1888]" captionStart="FIGURES 40 – 48" captionStartId="9.[264,382,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[270,1314,780,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[270,1317,778,1765]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 40 – 48. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. larva. 40 – 44. Head capsule. 40. Dorsal view, in situ. 41. Ventral view, in situ. 42. Ventral view of postgenal cleft. 43. Hypostoma. 44. Dorsal view showing cervical sclerites. 45. Antenna. 46. Ovoid setae on body cuticle. 47. Anal disc. 48. Anal lobes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169832/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">Figs. 40, 44</figureCitation>
). Postgenal cleft subtriangular, widest medially (
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE068FFEB1609FEE2FE79FEAB" box="[273,421,284,310]" captionStart="FIGURES 40 – 48" captionStartId="9.[264,382,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[270,1314,780,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[270,1317,778,1765]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 40 – 48. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. larva. 40 – 44. Head capsule. 40. Dorsal view, in situ. 41. Ventral view, in situ. 42. Ventral view of postgenal cleft. 43. Hypostoma. 44. Dorsal view showing cervical sclerites. 45. Antenna. 46. Ovoid setae on body cuticle. 47. Anal disc. 48. Anal lobes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169832/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="26">Figs. 41, 42</figureCitation>
), with thin, dark membrane covering its entire surface (
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE068FFEB135FFEE2FB7DFEAB" box="[1095,1185,284,310]" captionStart="FIGURES 40 – 48" captionStartId="9.[264,382,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[270,1314,780,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[270,1317,778,1765]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 40 – 48. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. larva. 40 – 44. Head capsule. 40. Dorsal view, in situ. 41. Ventral view, in situ. 42. Ventral view of postgenal cleft. 43. Hypostoma. 44. Dorsal view showing cervical sclerites. 45. Antenna. 46. Ovoid setae on body cuticle. 47. Anal disc. 48. Anal lobes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169832/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="26">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
). Postgenal bridge 0.5 times as long as hypostoma (
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE068FFEB15FAFEBAFCE1FEC3" box="[738,829,324,350]" captionStart="FIGURES 40 – 48" captionStartId="9.[264,382,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[270,1314,780,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[270,1317,778,1765]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 40 – 48. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. larva. 40 – 44. Head capsule. 40. Dorsal view, in situ. 41. Ventral view, in situ. 42. Ventral view of postgenal cleft. 43. Hypostoma. 44. Dorsal view showing cervical sclerites. 45. Antenna. 46. Ovoid setae on body cuticle. 47. Anal disc. 48. Anal lobes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169832/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="26">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
). Subesophageal ganglion not pigmented. Antenna as long as labral fan stalk; distal and proximal articles smaller than medial article (proportions of articles proximal to distal, excluding apical sensillum, 1: 2.5–2.6: 0.9) (
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE068FFEB13E3FE6AFEF5FE4B" captionStart="FIGURES 40 – 48" captionStartId="9.[264,382,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[270,1314,780,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[270,1317,778,1765]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 40 – 48. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. larva. 40 – 44. Head capsule. 40. Dorsal view, in situ. 41. Ventral view, in situ. 42. Ventral view of postgenal cleft. 43. Hypostoma. 44. Dorsal view showing cervical sclerites. 45. Antenna. 46. Ovoid setae on body cuticle. 47. Anal disc. 48. Anal lobes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169832/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="26">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
). Hypostoma with pigmented anterior margin and 9 apical teeth: lateral teeth larger and more blunt than remaining teeth, 3 small median teeth, and 4 larger, blunt intermediate teeth, lateral serrations absent and 7 or 8 setae per side (
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE068FFEB14B7FDF2FBD5FDBB" box="[943,1033,524,550]" captionStart="FIGURES 40 – 48" captionStartId="9.[264,382,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[270,1314,780,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[270,1317,778,1765]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 40 – 48. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. larva. 40 – 44. Head capsule. 40. Dorsal view, in situ. 41. Ventral view, in situ. 42. Ventral view of postgenal cleft. 43. Hypostoma. 44. Dorsal view showing cervical sclerites. 45. Antenna. 46. Ovoid setae on body cuticle. 47. Anal disc. 48. Anal lobes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169832/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="26">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
). Labral fan with 53–59 primary rays. Body covered with ovoid setae (
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE068FFEB146AFDCAFC09FDD3" box="[882,981,564,590]" captionStart="FIGURES 40 – 48" captionStartId="9.[264,382,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[270,1314,780,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[270,1317,778,1765]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 40 – 48. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. larva. 40 – 44. Head capsule. 40. Dorsal view, in situ. 41. Ventral view, in situ. 42. Ventral view of postgenal cleft. 43. Hypostoma. 44. Dorsal view showing cervical sclerites. 45. Antenna. 46. Ovoid setae on body cuticle. 47. Anal disc. 48. Anal lobes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169832/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="26">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
). Ventral tubercles absent. Anterodorsal arms of anal sclerite shorter in length than posteroventral arms (
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE068FFEB13DAFDA2FAC1FDEB" box="[1218,1309,604,630]" captionStart="FIGURES 40 – 48" captionStartId="9.[264,382,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[270,1314,780,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[270,1317,778,1765]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 40 – 48. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. larva. 40 – 44. Head capsule. 40. Dorsal view, in situ. 41. Ventral view, in situ. 42. Ventral view of postgenal cleft. 43. Hypostoma. 44. Dorsal view showing cervical sclerites. 45. Antenna. 46. Ovoid setae on body cuticle. 47. Anal disc. 48. Anal lobes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169832/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="26">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
). Posterior proleg bearing approximately 178–184 rows (
<emphasis id="B903D17AE068FFEB14B0FD7AFC6BFD00" box="[936,951,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="26">n</emphasis>
= 3), with 26–31 hooks. Anal papillae with 3 branches, each with 25–27 finger­shaped lobes (
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE068FFEB14EAFD52FB96FD5B" box="[1010,1098,684,710]" captionStart="FIGURES 40 – 48" captionStartId="9.[264,382,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[270,1314,780,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[270,1317,778,1765]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 40 – 48. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. larva. 40 – 44. Head capsule. 40. Dorsal view, in situ. 41. Ventral view, in situ. 42. Ventral view of postgenal cleft. 43. Hypostoma. 44. Dorsal view showing cervical sclerites. 45. Antenna. 46. Ovoid setae on body cuticle. 47. Anal disc. 48. Anal lobes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169832/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="26">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF085DE0E068FFEB1610F913FE9BF8F8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169832/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="26" targetBox="[270,1314,780,1762]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BC80D68E068FFEB1610F913FE9BF8F8" blockId="9.[264,1323,1773,1893]" pageId="9" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE068FFEB1610F913FE12F898" bold="true" box="[264,462,1773,1797]" pageId="9" pageNumber="26">FIGURES 40–48.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7776EBE068FFEB16CDF910FD33F898" authority="Pepinelli &amp; Hamada &amp; Trivinho-Strixino, 2005" authorityName="Pepinelli &amp; Hamada &amp; Trivinho-Strixino" authorityYear="2005" box="[469,751,1774,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duodenicornium" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE068FFEB16CDF910FD33F898" box="[469,751,1774,1797]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="26">Simulium duodenicornium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2306C01E068FFEB15EDF910FCF2F898" box="[757,814,1774,1797]" pageId="9" pageNumber="26" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
larva.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE068FFEB146EF913FC1CF898" bold="true" box="[886,960,1773,1797]" pageId="9" pageNumber="26">40–44.</emphasis>
Head capsule.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE068FFEB137AF913FB5FF898" bold="true" box="[1122,1155,1773,1797]" pageId="9" pageNumber="26">40.</emphasis>
Dorsal view,
<emphasis id="B903D17AE068FFEB120EF910FEF2F8B8" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="26">in situ</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE068FFEB1625F8F3FE82F8B8" bold="true" box="[317,350,1805,1829]" pageId="9" pageNumber="26">41.</emphasis>
Ventral view,
<emphasis id="B903D17AE068FFEB16E3F8F0FDE2F8B8" box="[507,574,1806,1829]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="26">in situ</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE068FFEB1554F8F3FDB1F8B8" bold="true" box="[588,621,1805,1829]" pageId="9" pageNumber="26">42.</emphasis>
Ventral view of postgenal cleft.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE068FFEB14D5F8F3FC33F8B8" bold="true" box="[973,1007,1805,1829]" pageId="9" pageNumber="26">43.</emphasis>
Hypostoma.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE068FFEB1367F8F3FB7CF8B8" bold="true" box="[1151,1184,1805,1829]" pageId="9" pageNumber="26">44.</emphasis>
Dorsal view showing cervical sclerites.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE068FFEB1536F8D3FD93F8D8" bold="true" box="[558,591,1837,1861]" pageId="9" pageNumber="26">45.</emphasis>
Antenna.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE068FFEB15DAF8D3FD3FF8D8" bold="true" box="[706,739,1837,1861]" pageId="9" pageNumber="26">46.</emphasis>
Ovoid setae on body cuticle.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE068FFEB1334F8D3FB91F8D8" bold="true" box="[1068,1101,1837,1861]" pageId="9" pageNumber="26">47.</emphasis>
Anal disc.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE068FFEB13D5F8D3FB32F8D8" bold="true" box="[1229,1262,1837,1861]" pageId="9" pageNumber="26">48.</emphasis>
Anal lobes.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC80D68E06BFFE81610FEE2FE94FEA8" blockId="10.[264,1324,284,885]" box="[264,328,284,309]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">
<typeStatus id="54CCB3CAE06BFFE81610FEE2FE94FEA8" box="[264,328,284,309]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE06BFFE81610FEE2FE94FEA8" box="[264,328,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">Types</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D5EE3E06BFFE81620FEB5FD2EFB28" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC80D68E06BFFE81620FEB5FC83FE20" blockId="10.[264,1324,284,885]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE06BFFE81620FEB5FDF7FEF8" bold="true" box="[312,555,331,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">
<typeStatus id="54CCB3CAE06BFFE81620FEB5FE76FEF8" box="[312,426,331,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="ED6695ADE06BFFE816A1FEB5FDFFFEF8" box="[441,547,331,357]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">MZUSP</collectionCode>
)
</emphasis>
male (pinned), Cachoeira stream (Cahoeira dos Pretos), 22o57S; 46o10W, Mantiqueira mountain chain, Joanópolis County, State of São Paulo,
<collectingCountry id="F3604DF8E06BFFE813C3FE85FAFAFE08" box="[1243,1318,379,405]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">Brazil</collectingCountry>
; collectors M. Pepinelli and N. Hamada,
<date id="FFC92BA8E06BFFE815F8FE5DFC87FE20" box="[736,859,419,445]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" value="2004-05-22">22/v/2004</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC80D68E06BFFE81620FE35FE37FCE8" blockId="10.[264,1324,284,885]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE06BFFE81620FE35FDF3FE78" bold="true" box="[312,559,459,485]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">
<typeStatus id="54CCB3CAE06BFFE81620FE35FE76FE78" box="[312,426,459,485]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="ED6695ADE06BFFE816A5FE35FDFBFE78" box="[445,551,459,485]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">MZUSP</collectionCode>
)
</emphasis>
1 pinned female, 1 pharate male, and 1 pharate female with genitalia mounted on permanent slide;
<specimenCount id="9D71C6E1E06BFFE815CAFE0DFCEDFD90" box="[722,817,499,525]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" type="larva">5 larvae</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D71C6E1E06BFFE81472FE0DFC1AFD90" box="[874,966,499,525]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" type="pupa">5 pupae</specimenCount>
in 80% ethanol, same locality as
<typeStatus id="54CCB3CAE06BFFE81634FDE5FE49FDA8" box="[300,405,539,565]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, collectors M. Pepinelli, R.F. Gutierrez, F.O. Roque,
<date id="FFC92BA8E06BFFE8133AFDE5FB69FDA8" box="[1058,1205,539,565]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" value="2004-08-22">22/viii/2004</date>
;
<collectionCode id="ED6695ADE06BFFE813DCFDE5FADAFDA8" box="[1220,1286,539,565]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">INPA</collectionCode>
1 pharate male, head and thorax pinned and remainder on slide with its respective pupal exuviae, 1 pharate female, thorax pinned and remainder on slide with its pupal exuviae;
<specimenCount id="9D71C6E1E06BFFE81204FD95FE93FD30" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" type="larva">5 larvae</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D71C6E1E06BFFE8169FFD6DFE3AFD30" box="[391,486,659,685]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" type="pupa">5 pupae</specimenCount>
, in 80% ethanol, same locality as
<typeStatus id="54CCB3CAE06BFFE81477FD6DFC05FD30" box="[879,985,659,685]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, collectors M. Pepinelli, R.F. Gutierrez, F.O. Roque,
<date id="FFC92BA8E06BFFE81505FD45FD6CFD48" box="[541,688,699,725]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" value="2004-08-22">22/viii/2004</date>
;
<collectionCode id="ED6695ADE06BFFE815A5FD45FD23FD48" box="[701,767,699,725]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">INPA</collectionCode>
<specimenCount id="9D71C6E1E06BFFE81408FD45FCA2FD48" box="[784,894,699,725]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" type="larva">10 larvae</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D71C6E1E06BFFE814A0FD45FBF8FD48" box="[952,1060,699,725]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" type="pupa">10 pupae</specimenCount>
in 80% ethanol, same locality as
<typeStatus id="54CCB3CAE06BFFE81697FD1DFE25FD60" box="[399,505,739,765]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, collectors N. Hamada, N.H. Fearnside, B.Ronchi­Teles,
<date id="FFC92BA8E06BFFE813ACFD1DFAF5FD60" box="[1204,1321,739,765]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" value="2005-01-10">10/i/2005</date>
;
<collectionCode id="ED6695ADE06BFFE81610FCF5FE96FCB8" box="[264,330,779,805]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">INPA</collectionCode>
<specimenCount id="9D71C6E1E06BFFE81678FCF5FE13FCB8" box="[352,463,779,805]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" type="larva">10 larvae</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D71C6E1E06BFFE81508FCF5FDA3FCB8" box="[528,639,779,805]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" type="pupa">10 pupae</specimenCount>
in 80% ethanol, same locality as
<typeStatus id="54CCB3CAE06BFFE8133CFCF5FB51FCB8" box="[1060,1165,779,805]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, collector N. Hamada
<date id="FFC92BA8E06BFFE8166BFCCDFE35FCD0" box="[371,489,819,845]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" value="2005-03-01">1/iii/2005</date>
; NHM
<specimenCount id="9D71C6E1E06BFFE81557FCCDFD73FCD0" box="[591,687,819,845]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" type="larva">5 larvae</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D71C6E1E06BFFE815F5FCCDFC92FCD0" box="[749,846,819,845]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" type="pupa">5 pupae</specimenCount>
, same locality as
<typeStatus id="54CCB3CAE06BFFE8133EFCCDFB4CFCD0" box="[1062,1168,819,845]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, collector N. Hamada
<date id="FFC92BA8E06BFFE81669FCA5FE3BFCE8" box="[369,487,859,885]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" value="2005-03-01">1/iii/2005</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC80D68E06BFFE81610FC52FDB3FC58" blockId="10.[264,623,940,965]" box="[264,623,940,965]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE06BFFE81610FC52FDB3FC58" box="[264,623,940,965]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">Additional Material Examined</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC80D68E06BFFE81610FC02FDC2FB88" blockId="10.[264,1324,1019,1205]" box="[264,542,1019,1045]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="4C7776EBE06BFFE81610FC02FE29FB88" authority="Pepinelli &amp; Hamada &amp; Trivinho-Strixino, 2005" authorityName="Pepinelli &amp; Hamada &amp; Trivinho-Strixino" authorityYear="2005" box="[264,501,1020,1045]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="guianense">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE06BFFE81610FC02FE29FB88" box="[264,501,1020,1045]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">Simulium guianense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2306C01E06BFFE816E4FC05FDC2FB88" box="[508,542,1019,1045]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC80D68E06BFFE81620FBDDFE31FBA0" blockId="10.[264,1324,1019,1205]" box="[312,493,1059,1085]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">
<collectingCountry id="F3604DF8E06BFFE81620FBDDFE35FBA0" box="[312,489,1059,1085]" name="French Guiana" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC80D68E06BFFE81620FBB5FD2EFB28" blockId="10.[264,1324,1019,1205]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">
<collectionCode id="ED6695ADE06BFFE81620FBB5FEA6FBF8" box="[312,378,1099,1125]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">INPA</collectionCode>
­
<specimenCount id="9D71C6E1E06BFFE81689FBB5FE03FBF8" box="[401,479,1099,1125]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
and its pupal exuviae on slide, Maroni River,
<date id="FFC92BA8E06BFFE814E2FBB5FBA1FBF8" box="[1018,1149,1099,1125]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" value="1999-06-17">17/vi/1999</date>
. Collectors: N. Hamada, F. Fouque; 1 pharate male and 1 pharate female on slide, Maroni River,
<date id="FFC92BA8E06BFFE813F0FB8DFE9AFB28" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" value="1999-06-17">17/vi/ 1999</date>
. Collectors: N. Hamada, F. Fouque.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D5EE3E06BFFE91610FB12FC2CF963" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BC80D68E06BFFE81610FB12FE59FA98" blockId="10.[264,1323,1260,1365]" box="[264,389,1260,1285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE06BFFE81610FB12FE59FA98" box="[264,389,1260,1285]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">Etymology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC80D68E06BFFE81620FAEDFBE7FAC8" blockId="10.[264,1323,1260,1365]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">
The name of this species is derived from
<emphasis id="B903D17AE06BFFE8140EFAEAFCA8FAB0" box="[790,884,1300,1325]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">duodeni</emphasis>
(L.) = twelve each, and
<emphasis id="B903D17AE06BFFE81388FAEAFB3CFAB0" box="[1168,1248,1300,1325]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">cornus</emphasis>
(L.) = horn, in reference to the number and shape of the pupal gill filaments.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC80D68E06BFFE81610FA72FDCCFA38" blockId="10.[264,1323,1420,1886]" box="[264,528,1420,1445]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE06BFFE81610FA72FDCCFA38" box="[264,528,1420,1445]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">Taxonomic Discussion</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC80D68E06BFFE81620FA4DFCECF97B" blockId="10.[264,1323,1420,1886]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">
The female of
<taxonomicName id="4C7776EBE06BFFE816FDFA4AFD18FA50" authority="Pepinelli &amp; Hamada &amp; Trivinho-Strixino, 2005" authorityName="Pepinelli &amp; Hamada &amp; Trivinho-Strixino" authorityYear="2005" box="[485,708,1459,1485]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duodenicornium" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE06BFFE816FDFA4AFE28FA50" box="[485,500,1460,1485]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE06BFFE8151CFA4AFD18FA50" box="[516,708,1460,1485]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">duodenicornium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2306C01E06BFFE815D4FA4DFCD7FA50" box="[716,779,1459,1485]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has a black scutum with silver setae arranged in groups (
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE06BFFE81688FA25FDD6FA68" box="[400,522,1499,1525]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="2.[264,382,1444,1468]" captionTargetBox="[264,1319,509,1432]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[264,1323,504,1433]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. female. 1. Scutum, dorsal view. 2. Scutum, dorsolateral view. 3. Fronto­ocular triangle. 4. Antenna. 5. Calcipala and pedisulcus. 6. Cibarium. 7. Foreleg. 8. Middle leg. 9. Hindleg. 10. Claw of foreleg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169825/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">Figs. 1, 2</figureCitation>
). This pattern is similar to that of other species in the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C7776EBE06BFFE81610F9FAFE7DF980" box="[264,417,1540,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Thyrsopelma">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE06BFFE81610F9FAFE7DF980" box="[264,417,1540,1565]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">Thyrsopelma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with the exception of
<taxonomicName id="4C7776EBE06BFFE815AAF9FAFC76F980" authority="Lutz" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1909" box="[690,938,1539,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutistriatum">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE06BFFE815AAF9FAFCB5F980" box="[690,873,1540,1565]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">S. scutistriatum</emphasis>
Lutz
</taxonomicName>
, in which the thorax is brownish red. However, the female of the new species can be distinguished from the females of the other species of
<taxonomicName id="4C7776EBE06BFFE816DFF9AAFDBCF9F0" box="[455,608,1620,1645]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Thyrsopelma">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE06BFFE816DFF9AAFDBCF9F0" box="[455,608,1620,1645]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">Thyrsopelma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the anal lobe (
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE06BFFE81428F9AAFC5BF9F3" box="[816,903,1620,1646]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 15" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1843,1867]" captionTargetBox="[268,1317,1009,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[266,1322,1001,1834]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 15. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. female. 11. Terminalia, in situ. 12. Genital fork. 13. Cercus and anal lobe. 14. Hypogynial valves, ventral view. 15. Spicules on spermatheca wall." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169826/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
); this structure is similar to those of
<emphasis id="B903D17AE06BFFE81610F982FE1AF908" box="[264,454,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="4C7776EBE06BFFE81610F982FE40F908" authority="Pepinelli &amp; Hamada &amp; Trivinho-Strixino, 2005" authorityName="Pepinelli &amp; Hamada &amp; Trivinho-Strixino" authorityYear="2005" box="[264,412,1660,1685]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="guianense">S. guianense</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2306C01E06BFFE816BBF982FE1AF908" box="[419,454,1660,1685]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Wise and
<taxonomicName id="4C7776EBE06BFFE81559F982FD24F90B" authority="Lutz" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1910" box="[577,760,1660,1686]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbitale">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE06BFFE81559F982FD67F908" box="[577,699,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">S. orbitale</emphasis>
Lutz
</taxonomicName>
in that it has a membranous anterior region, but in the new species the internal side of the anal lobe is concave in the medial region, forming two short projections of similar width.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC80D68E06BFFE91620F90AFD19FE33" blockId="10.[264,1323,1420,1886]" lastBlockId="11.[264,1324,284,1310]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">
The male of
<taxonomicName id="4C7776EBE06BFFE816C9F90AFD6CF890" authorityName="Pepinelli &amp; Hamada &amp; Trivinho-Strixino" authorityYear="2005" box="[465,688,1780,1806]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duodenicornium">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE06BFFE816C9F90AFE3CF890" box="[465,480,1780,1805]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE06BFFE816E8F90AFD6CF890" box="[496,688,1780,1805]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">duodenicornium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from males of the other species in this subgenus by the shape of the genitalia and the coloration of the scutum. The new species has a black scutum, covered with golden setae, without bands (
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE06BFFE8134DF8BAFB3AF8C3" box="[1109,1254,1860,1886]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 22" captionStartId="4.[264,383,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[267,1319,438,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[267,1319,432,1748]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 22. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. male. 16. Scutum, dorsal view. 17. Scutum, dorsolateral view. 18. Claws of foreleg. 19. Wing base. 20. Paramere. 21. Gonocoxite and gonostylus, with one or two apical spines. 22. Median sclerite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169827/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="27">Figs. 16, 17</figureCitation>
). The other species in this subgenus have a silver thoracic pattern, with the exception of
<taxonomicName id="4C7776EBE06AFFE9120CFEE2FC4DFEC3" authority="Shelley, Maia-Herzog, Luna Dias &amp; Couch" authorityName="Shelley, Maia-Herzog, Luna Dias &amp; Couch" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexum">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE06AFFE9120CFEE2FE58FEC0" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="28">S. perplexum</emphasis>
Shelley, Maia­Herzog, Luna Dias &amp; Couch
</taxonomicName>
, which has a scutal pattern similar to that of the female of the new species.
<taxonomicName id="4C7776EBE06AFFE915F2FE92FC26FE18" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1909" box="[746,1018,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutistriatum">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE06AFFE915F2FE92FC26FE18" box="[746,1018,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="28">Simulium scutistriatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a dark brown scutum (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE67099E06AFFE91608FE6AFE2CFE33" author="Shelley" box="[272,496,404,430]" pageId="11" pageNumber="29" refString="Shelley, A. J., Maia-Herzog, M., Luna Dias, A. P. A. &amp; Couch, C. A. (1989) Description of the adults and pupa of Simulium (Trichodagmia) perplexum, new species (Diptera: Simuliidae). Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 84, 343 - 349." type="journal article" year="1989">
Shelley
<emphasis id="B903D17AE06AFFE91669FE6AFE7FFE30" box="[369,419,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="28">et al</emphasis>
. 1989
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE67099E06AFFE916E4FE6AFD65FE33" author="Coscaron" box="[508,697,404,430]" pageId="11" pageNumber="29" refString="Coscaron, S. (1991) Fauna de agua dulce de la Republica Argentina. FECIC. Bs. Aires. Insecta, Diptera, Simuliidae 38, Fasc. II, 295 pp." type="book" year="1991">Coscarón, 1991</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC80D68E06AFFE91620FE42FB96FB9B" blockId="11.[264,1324,284,1310]" pageId="11" pageNumber="28">
The pupa of the new species has 12 thick gill filaments, with the apices pointed and heavily sclerotized and without spicules in annular arrangements (
<figureCitation id="134C11EDE06AFFE91313FE1AFB45FE63" box="[1035,1177,484,510]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 37" captionStartId="6.[264,382,1812,1836]" captionTargetBox="[324,1272,1037,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[319,1273,1032,1803]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 37. Simulium duodenicornium n. sp. pupa. 31. Habitus, dorsal view. 32. Habitus, lateral view. 33, 34. Gill filaments. 35. Pair of spines above frontoclypeus. 36. Anterior region of cocoon. 37. Spiniform trichomes on thorax." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169829/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="28">Figs. 33, 34</figureCitation>
). Four other species in the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C7776EBE06AFFE91533FDF2FD18FDB8" box="[555,708,524,549]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Thyrsopelma">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE06AFFE91533FDF2FD18FDB8" box="[555,708,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="28">Thyrsopelma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have pupae with 12 gill filaments, but they can be distinguished from the new species by the following combinations of characters:
<emphasis id="B903D17AE06AFFE9120CFDCAFE70FDE8" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="4C7776EBE06AFFE9120CFDCAFEA3FDE8" authority="Pepinelli &amp; Hamada &amp; Trivinho-Strixino, 2005" authorityName="Pepinelli &amp; Hamada &amp; Trivinho-Strixino" authorityYear="2005" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="guianense">S. guianense</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2306C01E06AFFE91692FDA2FE70FDE8" box="[394,428,604,629]" pageId="11" pageNumber="28" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C7776EBE06AFFE916A6FDA2FD80FDE8" box="[446,604,604,629]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexum">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE06AFFE916A6FDA2FD80FDE8" box="[446,604,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="28">S. perplexum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C7776EBE06AFFE915BBFDA2FCAEFDEB" authority="Lutz" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1910" box="[675,882,604,630]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirtipupa">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE06AFFE915BBFDA2FCEDFDE8" box="[675,817,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="28">S. hirtipupa</emphasis>
Lutz
</taxonomicName>
have gill filaments with spicules or projections in an annular arrangement and filaments thinner than those of the new species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE67099E06AFFE91608FD52FD96FD5B" author="Maia-Herzog" box="[272,586,684,710]" pageId="11" pageNumber="29" refString="Maia-Herzog, M., Shelley, A. J. &amp; Luna Dias, A. P. A. (1985) Simulium hirtipupa Lutz, 1910 (Diptera: Simuliidae) Descricao dos adultos e larva e redescricao da pupa. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 80, 483 - 490." type="journal article" year="1985">
Maia­Herzog
<emphasis id="B903D17AE06AFFE916A4FD52FE2BFD58" box="[444,503,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="28">et al</emphasis>
. 1985
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE67099E06AFFE91545FD52FC8CFD5B" author="Shelley" box="[605,848,684,710]" pageId="11" pageNumber="29" refString="Shelley, A. J., Maia-Herzog, M., Luna Dias, A. P. A. &amp; Couch, C. A. (1989) Description of the adults and pupa of Simulium (Trichodagmia) perplexum, new species (Diptera: Simuliidae). Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 84, 343 - 349." type="journal article" year="1989">
Shelley
<emphasis id="B903D17AE06AFFE915DBFD52FD21FD58" box="[707,765,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="28">et al</emphasis>
. 1989
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE67099E06AFFE9147BFD52FC7EFD5B" author="Shelley" box="[867,930,684,710]" pageId="11" pageNumber="29" refString="Shelley, A. J., Lowry, C. A., Maia-Herzog, M., Luna Dias, A. P. A. &amp; Moraes, M. A. P. (1997) Biosystematic studies on the Simuliidae (Diptera) of the Amazonia onchocerciasis focus. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum of London (Entomology), 66, 11 - 21." type="journal article" year="1997">1997</bibRefCitation>
). Additionally,
<taxonomicName id="4C7776EBE06AFFE9137CFD52FB29FD58" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1910" box="[1124,1269,684,709]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirtipupa">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE06AFFE9137CFD52FB29FD58" box="[1124,1269,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="28">S. hirtipupa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has protuberances on the cocoon and a large number of trichomes on the frontoclypeus, which were not observed in the new species. Although
<taxonomicName id="4C7776EBE06AFFE9145FFD02FC22FC88" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1909" box="[839,1022,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutistriatum">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE06AFFE9145FFD02FC22FC88" box="[839,1022,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="28">S. scutistriatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has 12 gill filaments, the cocoon shape is different, with the anteroventral margin more elongated and the frontoclypeus bearing several acuminate tubercles. The pupa of
<taxonomicName id="4C7776EBE06AFFE9130FFCB2FB24FCF8" authorityName="Pepinelli &amp; Hamada &amp; Trivinho-Strixino" authorityYear="2005" box="[1047,1272,844,869]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duodenicornium">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE06AFFE9130FFCB2FB24FCF8" box="[1047,1272,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="28">S. duodenicornium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has small tubercles distributed evenly on tergite II, a condition not recorded in other species in the subgenus.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE67099E06AFFE916ACFC62FD77FC2B" box="[436,683,924,950]" pageId="11" pageNumber="29" refString="Shelley, A. J., Lowry, C. A., Maia-Herzog, M., Luna Dias, A. P. A. &amp; Moraes, M. A. P. (1997) Biosystematic studies on the Simuliidae (Diptera) of the Amazonia onchocerciasis focus. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum of London (Entomology), 66, 11 - 21." type="journal article">
Shelley
<emphasis id="B903D17AE06AFFE9150EFC62FD97FC28" box="[534,587,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="28">et al</emphasis>
. (1997)
</bibRefCitation>
reported one row of simple hooks on tergite V of
<taxonomicName id="4C7776EBE06AFFE9120CFC62FEA3FC40" authority="Pepinelli &amp; Hamada &amp; Trivinho-Strixino, 2005" authorityName="Pepinelli &amp; Hamada &amp; Trivinho-Strixino" authorityYear="2005" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="guianense">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE06AFFE9120CFC62FAFFFC28" box="[1300,1315,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="28">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE06AFFE91610FC3AFEA3FC40" box="[264,383,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="28">guianense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2306C01E06AFFE91691FC3AFE69FC40" box="[393,437,964,989]" pageId="11" pageNumber="28" sensu="lato">s. l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
pupae; however, in the specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C7776EBE06AFFE91498FC3AFBCBFC40" authority="Pepinelli &amp; Hamada &amp; Trivinho-Strixino, 2005" authorityName="Pepinelli &amp; Hamada &amp; Trivinho-Strixino" authorityYear="2005" box="[896,1047,964,990]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="guianense">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE06AFFE91498FC3AFC52FC40" box="[896,910,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="28">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B903D17AE06AFFE914B8FC3AFBCBFC40" box="[928,1047,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="28">guianense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2306C01E06AFFE91339FC3AFB91FC40" box="[1057,1101,964,989]" pageId="11" pageNumber="28" sensu="lato">s. l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
that we examined from
<collectingCountry id="F3604DF8E06AFFE91650FC12FE25FB9B" box="[328,505,1004,1030]" name="French Guiana" pageId="11" pageNumber="28">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
, we did not observe a row of hooks on this tergite.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC80D68E06AFFE91620FBEAFC92FA83" blockId="11.[264,1324,284,1310]" pageId="11" pageNumber="28">
The larva of
<taxonomicName id="4C7776EBE06AFFE916C5FBEAFCC4FBB0" authority="Pepinelli &amp; Hamada &amp; Trivinho-Strixino, 2005" authorityName="Pepinelli &amp; Hamada &amp; Trivinho-Strixino" authorityYear="2005" box="[477,792,1044,1069]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duodenicornium" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE06AFFE916C5FBEAFCC4FBB0" box="[477,792,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="28">Simulium duodenicornium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2306C01E06AFFE9143CFBEAFCB4FBB3" box="[804,872,1044,1070]" pageId="11" pageNumber="28" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has an anal lobe of up to 27 lobes, whereas the other species in this subgenus with known larvae have anal lobes of 5–15 lobes. However, in
<taxonomicName id="4C7776EBE06AFFE916F2FB9AFD7CFBE0" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1909" box="[490,672,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutistriatum">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE06AFFE916F2FB9AFD7CFBE0" box="[490,672,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="28">S. scutistriatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the larvae have 30 lobes.
<taxonomicName id="4C7776EBE06AFFE914D5FB9AFB00FBE0" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1909" box="[973,1244,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutistriatum">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE06AFFE914D5FB9AFB00FBE0" box="[973,1244,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="28">Simulium scutistriatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larvae have an anal disc with 280–300 rows (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE67099E06AFFE915E8FB72FC70FB3B" author="Coscaron" box="[752,940,1164,1190]" pageId="11" pageNumber="29" refString="Coscaron, S. (1991) Fauna de agua dulce de la Republica Argentina. FECIC. Bs. Aires. Insecta, Diptera, Simuliidae 38, Fasc. II, 295 pp." type="book" year="1991">Coscarón 1991</bibRefCitation>
), whereas the new species has approximately 180 rows. Larvae of this new species have the body cuticle covered with ovoid setae that appear to be wider than those in the other species of the subgenus. However, this observation needs to be confirmed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC80D68E06AFFE91610FAAAFE58FAF0" blockId="11.[264,1324,1364,1790]" box="[264,388,1364,1389]" pageId="11" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B903D17AE06AFFE91610FAAAFE58FAF0" box="[264,388,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="28">Bionomics</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC80D68E06AFFE91620FA82FC2CF963" blockId="11.[264,1324,1364,1790]" pageId="11" pageNumber="28">
Larvae and pupae were collected in only one stream, which had a streambed of sand, small stones, and boulders. They were collected on stems, leaves, and roots of trailing vegetation, in areas where the flow was fast and highly turbulent. The stream had clear water in the first two collection periods (
<date id="FFC92BA8E06AFFE915E6FA0AFBCAF993" box="[766,1046,1524,1550]" pageId="11" pageNumber="28" value="2004-05" valueMax="2004-08-31" valueMin="2004-05-00">May and August 2004</date>
), but the water carried sediment in the last two collections (
<date id="FFC92BA8E06AFFE915A1F9E2FC3EF9AB" box="[697,994,1564,1590]" pageId="11" pageNumber="28" value="2005-01" valueMax="2005-03-31" valueMin="2005-01-00">January and March 2005</date>
) due to constant rainfall. In the area where larvae and pupae were collected, the stream bank was covered with low riparian vegetation and some grass; upstream of the waterfall there were some areas of cattle pasture. In
<date id="FFC92BA8E06AFFE916F3F96AFDB2F933" box="[491,622,1684,1710]" pageId="11" pageNumber="28" value="2004-05">May 2004</date>
, water temperature was 15.6°C, pH 7.3, and electrical conductivity 14 µs/cm. The altitude at the collection area was
<specimenCount id="9D71C6E1E06AFFE914F3F942FBE2F94B" box="[1003,1086,1724,1750]" pageId="11" pageNumber="28" type="generic">
<quantity id="4C8FA08DE06AFFE914F3F942FBE6F94B" box="[1003,1082,1724,1750]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.02" pageId="11" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="902.0">902 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
The females of this species were not collected biting humans during the field work.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink