463 lines
53 KiB
XML
463 lines
53 KiB
XML
<document id="E12B1220E24E928E58109FCAA0A26C47" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3722.4.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d2db5db0-c5ca-4150-8d74-d39f2d96a78f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="249140" ID-ZooBank="C1F59CA8-0F0E-471B-9B2D-26980A002511" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460692944579" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Trager, James C." docDate="2013" docId="03DBDC46FFB2FF974BBEF9FBFE8B69A2" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03722p548.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3722 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Polyergus breviceps" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="513" masterDocId="FFE2A43EFFB8FF9A4B29FFC1FFE46976" masterDocTitle="Global revision of the dulotic ant genus Polyergus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae, Formicinae, Formicini)" masterLastPageNumber="548" masterPageNumber="501" pageNumber="511" updateTime="1698351922635" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6448240DBA1769F474E3A9D148D189D9">
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<mods:title id="9D17CB08F16C0C9A2BDE231C4F57497A">Global revision of the dulotic ant genus Polyergus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae, Formicinae, Formicini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="65B8AF77EBBFB9CA758D8274C9BBFDE0">Trager, James C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="FE01B63CE23FB558ABD78EB614A27623">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="911ACB435635CC9A6F05976A12FE0FC9">
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<mods:date id="5DD497A2FAC3C42B7D25F7ABB0F2F506">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="35F31824727822A6B46B24DC7FA12887">3722</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="4625E79A0D1E517F41F1C9097C36D460">4</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="26A42F742ED596EB4C5513BC03135D84">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="ED3759DD0CF19C25FF81C8E54B6A6D46" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3722.4.5</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03DBDC46FFB2FF974BBEF9FBFE8B69A2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6150049" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119580900" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6150049" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DBDC46FFB2FF974BBEF9FBFE8B69A2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBDC46FFB2FF974BBEF9FBFE8B69A2" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="513" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">
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<subSubSection id="C3683EDBFFB2FF904BBEF9FBFCE26FAC" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFB2FF904BBEF9FBFE636F22" blockId="10.[151,391,1594,1654]" box="[151,391,1594,1620]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">
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<heading id="D085DA3CFFB2FF904BBEF9FBFE636F22" bold="true" box="[151,391,1594,1620]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB2FF904BBEF9FBFE636F22" ID-CoL="4L738" box="[151,391,1594,1620]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviceps">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFB2FF904BBEF9FBFE636F22" bold="true" box="[151,391,1594,1620]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Polyergus breviceps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFB2FF904BBEF99CFEDC6F00" blockId="10.[151,391,1594,1654]" box="[151,312,1629,1654]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">
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<figureCitation id="134971D5FFB2FF904BBEF99CFEDC6F00" box="[151,312,1629,1654]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 8" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1638,1661]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1617]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,193,1618]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 8. Lateral, full face, and dorsal views of Polyergus breviceps worker Polyergus breviceps CASENT 0281065. Photographs by Shannon Hartman from www. AntWeb. org." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249144/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Figures 6, 7, 8</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFB2FF904BBEF964FCE26FAC" blockId="10.[151,1436,1701,1785]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB2FF904BBEF964FD466FCD" authority="Emery 1893: 666" authorityName="Emery" authorityPageNumber="666" authorityYear="1893" box="[151,674,1701,1723]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="rufescens" subSpecies="breviceps">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFB2FF904BBEF964FE326FCC" box="[151,470,1701,1722]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Polyergus rufescens breviceps</emphasis>
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Emery 1893: 666
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54C9D3F2FFB2FF90499BF967FCF36FCD" box="[690,791,1702,1723]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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worker (here designated)
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<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFB2FF904F15F964FB956FCD" box="[1084,1137,1701,1723]" name="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">USA</collectingCountry>
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, COLORADO Summit Co. Breckenridge. [MHNG, CASENT0179559] (examined).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3683EDBFFB2FF914BBEF922FDBD6A2B" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="512" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFB2FF904BBEF922FCD66F8F" blockId="10.[151,1436,1701,1785]" box="[151,818,1763,1785]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB2FF904BBEF922FDBD6F8F" authority="Kannowski, 1956: 185" authorityName="Kannowski" authorityPageNumber="185" authorityYear="1956" box="[151,601,1763,1785]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviceps">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFB2FF904BBEF922FE876F8E" box="[151,355,1763,1784]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Polyergus breviceps</emphasis>
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: Kannowski, 1956: 185
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</taxonomicName>
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; Wheeler, 1968: 163.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFB2FF904BBEF8E4FD186E17" blockId="10.[151,1436,1829,2034]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">
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Material of the unavailable names
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFB2FF90490FF8E7FC4A6E4B" box="[550,942,1829,1854]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">fusciventris, silvestrii, montezuma,</emphasis>
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referred to
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB2FF904F11F8E4FB466E48" box="[1080,1186,1829,1854]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviceps">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFB2FF904F11F8E4FB466E48" box="[1080,1186,1829,1854]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">breviceps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by Creighton (1950), here referred to
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFB2FF904A63F88BFDBE6E17" box="[330,602,1865,1890]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB2FF904A63F88BFE536E14" box="[330,439,1865,1890]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">P. bicolor</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB2FF904AEBF88BFDB26E17" box="[450,598,1866,1889]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">P. mexicanus</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB2FF9049B8F88BFD116E14" box="[657,757,1866,1890]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="topoffi">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFB2FF9049B8F88BFD116E14" box="[657,757,1866,1890]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">P. topoffi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFB2FF904BEEF8AFFF066E84" blockId="10.[151,1436,1829,2034]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">
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Former
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<typeStatus id="54C9D3F2FFB2FF904A0AF8AFFE616EF0" box="[291,389,1902,1926]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
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(N=3 on a single pin, including
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<typeStatus id="54C9D3F2FFB2FF904828F8ACFC8E6EF0" box="[769,874,1901,1926]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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) HL 1.36–1.40 (1.37), HW 1.32–1.36 (1.35), SL 0.90–0.96 (0.92), ½ VeM 3–6 (5), ½ PnM 12–20 (16), WL 1.96–2.02 (1.99), GL 1.64–1.88 (1.77), HFL 1.32–1.36 (1.35), CI 97–100 (98), SI 66–71 (68), HFI 97–103 (101), FSI 138–53 (147), LI 3.32–3.40 (3.37), TL 4.96–5.28 (5.14).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFB3FF914BEEFF59FF06686B" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Measurements (N=58) HL 1.24–1.60 (1.46), HW 1.28–1.64 (1.48), SL 0.84–1.08 (0.98), ½ VeM (3, one specimen) 5–17 (9.52), ½ PnM 8–22 (14.97), WL 1.88–2.40 (2.14), GL 1.64–2.60 (2.13), HFL 1.30–1.72 (1.52), CI 0.96–1.08 (1.01), SI 61–78 (67), HFI 94–115 (103), FSI 138–170 (155), LI 3.12–3.96 (3.60), TL 4.96–6.52 (5.73).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFB3FF914BEEFEE6FC5168DA" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFB3FF914BEEFEE6FE5C6836" bold="true" box="[199,440,295,320]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Worker description.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB3FF914AE9FEE6FD466836" box="[448,674,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviceps">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFB3FF914AE9FEE6FD466836" box="[448,674,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Polyergus breviceps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is more narrowly defined here than has been conventional in North American ant taxonomy. It is a broad-headed and short-limbed species, but most easily distinguished by its abundant pilosity. This is among the two smaller Nearctic species, though averaging somewhat larger than partially sympatric
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB3FF914A59FE55FE2468DB" box="[368,448,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFB3FF914A59FE55FE2468DB" box="[368,448,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">bicolor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and larger than some isolates of
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB3FF914811FE54FC4A68DA" box="[824,942,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFB3FF914811FE54FC4A68DA" box="[824,942,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">mexicanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFB3FF914BEEFE76FB956B86" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Head suborbicular to (less often) subquadrate, its length and breadth about equal, or not uncommonly the breadth a bit greater, sides quite rounded, outer margins of eyes not or at most slightly extending beyond sides of head; vertex flat or broadly and shallowly concave, the flat portion or concavity about as wide as the space between mandibles; vertex pilosity conspicuous and abundant, usually 16–24 (6–30) macrosetae; scape not reaching vertex corners by about twice its maximum diameter, clavate in the apical third; pronotum usually with 22–36 (16–44) erect setae, including a few shorter ones near the lower margins; mesonotal profile flat or very weakly convex for most of its length; propodeum evenly rounded; petiolar dorsum rounded and shallowly emarginate; first tergite densely pubescent; first tergite pilosity flexuous, basally suberect and distally subdecumbent, about as dense in posterior half of tergite as in its anterior half, appearing to be in 5 or 6 transverse arrays.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFB3FF914BEEFD3DFDBD6A2B" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Head matte; mesonotum matte; gaster matte; slightly shining lateral portions of all tagmata in some specimens. Color usually dull red with infuscation of dorso-posterior portions of tergites. Pilosity matching color of body to slightly darker, pubescence yellow gray.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3683EDBFFB3FF914BEEFCA6FECF6FA9" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFB3FF914BEEFCA6FD886C0E" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFB3FF914BEEFCA6FEA86AF6" bold="true" box="[199,332,871,896]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Discussion.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB3FF914A7AFCA6FDD06AF6" box="[339,564,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviceps">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFB3FF914A7AFCA6FDD06AF6" box="[339,564,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Polyergus breviceps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is here restricted to a broad-headed and short-limbed species, one most easily distinguished by its abundant pilosity. In addition to its abundant pilosity and short scapes, it shows marked preference for
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB3FF914A6BFC70FE506ABE" box="[322,436,945,968]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinerea">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFB3FF914A6BFC70FE506ABE" box="[322,436,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">F. cinerea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group hosts and their typically open, moist grassland or sedge meadow habitat. More pilose examples of
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB3FF914A51FC14FE0A6A9A" box="[376,494,981,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFB3FF914A51FC14FE0A6A9A" box="[376,494,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">mexicanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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found both at the northern and southwestern portions of its range are those most likely to be confused morphologically with
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFB3FF9149BDFC36FCE16D66" box="[660,773,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB3FF9149BDFC36FCE66D66" box="[660,770,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviceps">breviceps</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Where
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB3FF91484DFC38FC3E6D66" box="[868,986,1017,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFB3FF91484DFC38FC3E6D66" box="[868,986,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">mexicanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB3FF914F3FFC36FB646D66" box="[1046,1152,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviceps">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFB3FF914F3FFC36FB646D66" box="[1046,1152,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">breviceps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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occur together (in close parapatry) in the West,
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<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB3FF914AB4FBDCFDF76D42" box="[413,531,1053,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
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<emphasis id="B906B142FFB3FF914AB4FBDCFDF76D42" box="[413,531,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">mexicanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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occurs in well drained soils, often in conifer forests on podzols, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB3FF914E1BFBDDFA786D43" box="[1330,1436,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB3FF914E1BFBDDFA786D43" box="[1330,1436,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">breviceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in wet meadows with organic-rich soils. Even when its pronotal and mesonotal dorsal pilosity is abundant,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB3FF914BBEFBA4FECD6D0A" box="[151,297,1125,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB3FF914BBEFBA4FECD6D0A" box="[151,297,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">P. mexicanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks the pilosity on the sides of the pronotum, lacks or at least has little vertex pilosity, has a shinier head, and is deeper red in color, with gray rather than yellowish gray pubescence. In the Chicago region,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB3FF914E1BFB46FA786DD6" box="[1330,1436,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB3FF914E1BFB46FA786DD6" box="[1330,1436,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">breviceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is readily distinguished, even in the field, from the local version of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB3FF9148B4FB6CFBF76DB2" box="[925,1043,1197,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB3FF9148B4FB6CFBF76DB2" box="[925,1043,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">mexicanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its clearly smaller size, and its association with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB3FF914A71FB10FE336D9E" box="[344,471,1233,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB3FF914A71FB10FE336D9E" box="[344,471,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">F. montana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, contrasting with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB3FF914981FB10FCFA6D9E" box="[680,798,1233,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB3FF914981FB10FCFA6D9E" box="[680,798,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">mexicanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’s larger size, and association with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB3FF914F9AFB10FAAD6D9E" box="[1203,1353,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subsericea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB3FF914F9AFB10FAAD6D9E" box="[1203,1353,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">F. subsericea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the Dakotas and Rockies, a closer examination may be required to discriminate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB3FF914F0CFB35FB6B6C7B" box="[1061,1167,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB3FF914F0CFB35FB6B6C7B" box="[1061,1167,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">breviceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB3FF914E0DFB35FA706C7B" box="[1316,1428,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB3FF914E0DFB35FA706C7B" box="[1316,1428,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Polyergus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, though these other congeners are more often found in upland prairie, open woodland or forest, rather than the usually moist (including saline and alkaline) meadow habitats preferred by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB3FF914F23FAFDFB906C23" box="[1034,1140,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB3FF914F23FAFDFB906C23" box="[1034,1140,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">breviceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. True
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB3FF914FECFAFDFACB6C23" box="[1221,1327,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB3FF914FECFAFDFACB6C23" box="[1221,1327,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">breviceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not occur in Pacific Coast states or provinces.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFB3FF914BEEFA45FECF6FA9" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">
|
||
The majority of the literature regarding
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB3FF9149B8FA44FCF16CEA" box="[657,789,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">P. b re v i c e p s</emphasis>
|
||
regards either
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB3FF9148EFFA44FBD86CEA" box="[966,1084,1413,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB3FF9148EFFA44FBD86CEA" box="[966,1084,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">mexicanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB3FF914F4CFA45FB4A6CEA" box="[1125,1198,1412,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="topoffi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB3FF914F4CFA45FB4A6CEA" box="[1125,1198,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">topoffi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Topoff 1982, 1985, Topoff
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB3FF914BC4FA68FEC56CB6" box="[237,289,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1984, 1985a, 1985b, 1988a, 1988b, 1989, Topoff and Greenberg 1988, Topoff 1990, Topoff and Mendez 1990, Topoff and Zimmerli 1993, Zimmerli and Topoff 1994, and included references), and true
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB3FF914E1BFA0DFA786C93" box="[1330,1436,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB3FF914E1BFA0DFA786C93" box="[1330,1436,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">breviceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is in fact little studied. As indicated in the synonymy above, the “
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C9D3F2FFB3FF9148A2FA31FC596F7E" box="[907,957,1520,1544]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series” of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB3FF914F15FA2EFB426F7E" box="[1084,1190,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB3FF914F15FA2EFB426F7E" box="[1084,1190,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">breviceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
included the original Breckenridge, CO material, plus two samples collected later at other localities that I identify as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB3FF914E3FF9D5FA836F5B" box="[1302,1383,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB3FF914E3FF9D5FA836F5B" box="[1302,1383,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB3FF914BBEF9F8FEE96F26" box="[151,269,1593,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB3FF914BBEF9F8FEE96F26" box="[151,269,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">mexicanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. I restrict the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C9D3F2FFB3FF914A80F9F8FE3D6F27" box="[425,473,1593,1617]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">type</typeStatus>
|
||
to the Breckenridge material (CASENT0179559), and exclude the other samples, one being a sample of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB3FF914A4CF99DFE526F03" box="[357,438,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB3FF914A4CF99DFE526F03" box="[357,438,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(CASENT0179561) and the other a sample of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB3FF9148E3F99CFBA46F02" box="[970,1088,1629,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB3FF9148E3F99CFBA46F02" box="[970,1088,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">mexicanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(CASENT0179560). Once the characterization of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB3FF914A51F9BEFE066FEE" box="[376,482,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB3FF914A51F9BEFE066FEE" box="[376,482,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">breviceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is clear, it may be noted that there is remarkably little variation in this species, notwithstanding its broad but spotty distribution. Western samples have slightly, but insignificantly shorter average SL and HFL.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3683EDBFFB3FF964BEEF92DFA856A2B" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="513" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFB3FF914BEEF92DFD656E5E" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB3FF914BEEF92DFEAA6E73" bold="true" box="[199,334,1772,1797]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Emery coined this name from the Latin “brevis” plus “-ceps” to mean short-headed (in contrast to the more elongate head shape of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB3FF91492EF8D1FD956E5E" box="[519,625,1808,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB3FF91492EF8D1FD956E5E" box="[519,625,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">rufescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFB3FF914BEEF8F5FEB16EE2" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB3FF914BEEF8F5FE606E3B" bold="true" box="[199,388,1844,1869]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
This ant is common in wet to mesic prairies and mesic or wetter old fields of northwestern IN and the Chicago Region, and is distributed west to the Rocky Mountains and south to the White Mts. of northeastern AZ.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFB3FF964BEEF861FA856A2B" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,151,2015]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="513" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">
|
||
The raiding of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB3FF914A5BF860FE1D6ECF" box="[370,505,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB3FF914A5BF860FE1D6ECF" box="[370,505,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">P. breviceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
follows familiar patterns described for other species. I have not directly observed mating and colony foundation, but have seen alates fly from the nest several hours before the late afternoon raids, and I also have seen a lone, dealate gyne wandering near a mound of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB4FF9648B3FF58FBF269C6" box="[922,1046,153,176]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB4FF9648B3FF58FBF269C6" box="[922,1046,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">F. montana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in a prairie near Chicago. It would seem such lone gynes are capable of colony foundation, even with this rather aggressive host and its populous colonies.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB4FF964A2EFF1EFE09698E" box="[263,493,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB4FF964A2EFF1EFE09698E" box="[263,493,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Polyergus breviceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is naturally a species of wet and mesic prairie and meadow habitats, though it persists in drier, but formerly wet, locations after habitat degradation and hydrological disruption, if the host remains abundant (I have observed this both in CO and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFB4FF964803FEE9FCAC6836" box="[810,840,296,320]" name="Iceland" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">IL</collectingCountry>
|
||
). Wheeler (1910, p. 477) describes a situation near Florissant CO, of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB4FF964A44FE8DFE396813" box="[365,477,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB4FF964A44FE8DFE396813" box="[365,477,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Polyergus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(which I surmise to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB4FF96482BFE8DFC886813" box="[770,876,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB4FF96482BFE8DFC886813" box="[770,876,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">breviceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) living with “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB4FF964F31FE8CFB576812" box="[1048,1203,333,356]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neocinerea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB4FF964F31FE8CFB576812" box="[1048,1203,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">F. neocinerea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB4FF964FFDFE8CFA956813" box="[1236,1393,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB4FF964FFDFE8CFA956813" box="[1236,1393,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">F. canadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in conspicuous mounds raised above the moist soil of a mountain meadow, and what he took to be the same species (but which I surmise to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB4FF964AFEFE54FDA968DA" box="[471,589,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB4FF964AFEFE54FDA968DA" box="[471,589,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">mexicanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) living with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB4FF9649C0FE54FC8F68DA" box="[745,875,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB4FF9649C0FE54FC8F68DA" box="[745,875,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">F. argentea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in less conspicuous nests on the wooded slopes above this meadow. In the Chicago region, tallgrass prairie restoration plantings are colonized by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB4FF964FFDFE78FAB568A6" box="[1236,1361,441,464]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB4FF964FFDFE78FAB568A6" box="[1236,1361,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">F. montana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in just a few years, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB4FF964A7AFE1DFE596883" box="[339,445,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB4FF964A7AFE1DFE596883" box="[339,445,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">breviceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems to arrive almost or indeed concurrent with them, just a few years after conversion from plowed crop land. This may occur through
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB4FF9649FDFE3EFCDA6B6E" box="[724,830,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB4FF9649FDFE3EFCDA6B6E" box="[724,830,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">breviceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gynes teaming up with young
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB4FF964F84FDC0FACA6B6E" box="[1197,1326,513,536]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB4FF964F84FDC0FACA6B6E" box="[1197,1326,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">F. montana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gynes or incipient host colonies, as has been reported for
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB4FF9649CAFDE4FCB16B4A" box="[739,853,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB4FF9649CAFDE4FCB56B4A" box="[739,849,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="topoffi">P. topoffi</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(See account for this species, below.)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB4FF964E02FDE5FEE56B16" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB4FF964E02FDE5FEE56B16" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Polyergus breviceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
normally parasitizes members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB4FF964987FD88FCFA6B16" box="[686,798,585,608]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinerea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB4FF964987FD88FCFA6B16" box="[686,798,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">F. cinerea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB4FF9648BEFD88FBF26B16" box="[919,1046,585,608]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB4FF9648BEFD88FBF26B16" box="[919,1046,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">F. montana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the humid prairies of the Great Lakes and northern Plains states, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB4FF964965FDACFD036BF3" box="[588,743,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB4FF964965FDACFD036BF3" box="[588,743,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">F. canadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in western mountain meadows. Some samples studied also included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB4FF964A28FD50FE686BDE" box="[257,396,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="altipetens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB4FF964A28FD50FE686BDE" box="[257,396,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">F. altipetens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or less often, the less closely related
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB4FF96486DFD50FC236BDE" box="[836,967,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neoclara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB4FF96486DFD50FC236BDE" box="[836,967,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">F. neoclara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB4FF9648D8FD50FB856BDE" box="[1009,1121,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occulta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB4FF9648D8FD50FB856BDE" box="[1009,1121,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">F. occulta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A few samples have been found from drier western grassland sites with these less pilose hosts, and these
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB4FF964F24FD75FB936BBB" box="[1037,1143,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB4FF964F24FD75FB936BBB" box="[1037,1143,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">breviceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seem to average a bit less pilose than those with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB4FF964A8DFD18FE136B86" box="[420,503,729,752]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinerea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB4FF964A8DFD18FE136B86" box="[420,503,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">cinerea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group hosts, but still have telltale pronotal lateral pilosity. These also differ in proportions (narrower head, slightly longer limbs) from typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB4FF964872FD3CFC046A63" box="[859,992,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB4FF964872FD3CFC046A63" box="[859,992,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">P. breviceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and may represent another species or a hybrid. Near Taos NM, I once observed raiding columns from two colonies of this species cross paths, resulting in a battle lasting two days, including over night, with high mortality. One of the colonies disappeared after this.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3683EDBFFB4FF974BEEFCA6FE8B69A2" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="514" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD6D50FFB4FF974BEEFCA6FE8B69A2" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2015]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="514" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB4FF964BEEFCA6FD816AF6" bold="true" box="[199,613,871,896]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Distribution of studied specimens.</emphasis>
|
||
ARIZONA Apache Co. Williams Valley
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE460B97FFB4FF964F6EFCA6FB596AF6" box="[1095,1213,871,896]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" precision="92" value="33.863335">33°51.8’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE460B97FFB4FF964FEEFCA9FAB56AF6" box="[1223,1361,872,896]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" precision="92" value="-109.22">109°13.2’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
8690’ Elev.
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFB4FF964BFFFC4DFEB56AD2" box="[214,337,908,932]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" value="2004-10-12">12-X-2004</date>
|
||
#3490 RA Johnson (RAJC); COLORADO Alamosa Co. Alamosa,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFB4FF964F6CFC4DFB736AD3" box="[1093,1175,908,933]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" unit="m" value="2286.0">2286m</quantity>
|
||
. Pasture
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFB4FF964FD0FC4DFA996AD3" box="[1273,1405,908,933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" value="1945-06-28">28-VI-1945</date>
|
||
E. V. Gregg (FMNH); COLORADO Boulder Co. Niwot. Minims. Nest in garden. (colony P1)
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFB4FF964FFBFC6EFA976ABE" box="[1234,1395,943,968]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" value="1982-08-16">16 Aug. 1982</date>
|
||
JC Trager (incipient colony, JCTC); COLORADO Boulder Co. Niwot. (=incip. P1,
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFB4FF964F09FC15FB736A9A" box="[1056,1175,980,1004]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" value="1982-08">Aug. 1982</date>
|
||
)
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFB4FF964F84FC15FACC6A9B" box="[1197,1320,980,1005]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" value="1985-07-04">4 Jul. 1985</date>
|
||
JC Trager (JCTC); COLORADO Boulder Co. Lagerman Reservoir, Niwot,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFB4FF964859FC36FC256D66" box="[880,961,1015,1040]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.548" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" unit="m" value="1548.0">1548m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFB4FF9648FBFC36FBA16D66" box="[978,1093,1015,1040]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" value="1961-10-26">26.x.1961</date>
|
||
. Mound in wet meadow. R. E. Gregg (FMNH); COLORADO Park Co. Hartsel
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFB4FF964996FBDDFCC66D42" box="[703,802,1052,1076]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" value="1932-07-04">VII-4-32</date>
|
||
Creighton (FMNH); COLORADO Park Co. Taryall. R Savolainen #102/98 (JCTC); COLORADO (Gunnison Co?) Snodgrass Mtn. Gothic.
|
||
<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFB4FF964F70FB81FB4E6D2E" box="[1113,1194,1088,1112]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.92" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" unit="m" value="2920.0">2920m</quantity>
|
||
. Masonry dome nest. J. Atticott (FMNH); COLORADO Gunnison Co. Crested Butte Savolainen 1998 43/98, 45/98; COLORADO Gunnison Co. Farnum Peak GG 1998 Savolainen 102/98, 108/98, 110/98 (JCTC); COLORADO Gunnison Co. Gothic 1998 Savolainen 39/98, 47/98, 49/98 (JCTC); COLORADO Routt Co. Steamboat Springs
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFB4FF964E34FB6DFA786DB2" box="[1309,1436,1196,1220]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" value="1943-07-01">VII-1-1943</date>
|
||
6800’ Owen Bryant (FMNH); COLORADO Weld Co. St. Vrain Nuclear Site, Platteville
|
||
<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFB4FF964F54FB11FB366D91" box="[1149,1234,1232,1256]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.478" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" unit="m" value="1478.0">1478 m</quantity>
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFB4FF964FF1FB0EFA826D9E" box="[1240,1382,1231,1256]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" value="1976-07-10">10-VII-1976</date>
|
||
Col. W. Brewer (FMNH); IDAHO Twin Falls Co. South rim, Snake River Canyon Twin Falls.
|
||
<quantity id="4C8AC0B5FFB4FF964FECFB35FAF26C7B" box="[1221,1302,1268,1293]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.067" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" unit="m" value="1067.0">1067m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFB4FF964E0CFB35FA786C7B" box="[1317,1436,1268,1293]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" value="1967-06-11">11.vi.1967</date>
|
||
sagebrush-rabbit brush. Mound near brush. R. E. Gregg w/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB4FF964867FAD8FC2B6C46" box="[846,975,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neoclara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB4FF964867FAD8FC2B6C46" box="[846,975,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">F. neoclara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(FMNH); ILLINOIS Cook Co. Chicago
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFB4FF964BBEFAFDFEED6C22" box="[151,265,1340,1364]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" value="1933-07-10">VII-10-33</date>
|
||
M Talbot (JCTC); ILLINOIS Cook Co. Chicago
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFB4FF96486CFAFDFC7A6C22" box="[837,926,1340,1364]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" value="1933-04-30">4-30-33</date>
|
||
M Talbot #33-45 (JCTC); ILLINOIS Cook Co.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFB4FF964BEFFA9EFF0E6C0E" box="[198,234,1375,1400]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">US</collectingCountry>
|
||
45 Chicago Pond on top of mound M Talbot #33-221 (JCTC); ILLINOIS Cook Co. Chicago 8-102 140 St. off Halsted
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFB4FF964A35FA45FE676CEA" box="[284,387,1412,1436]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" value="1938-10-30">10-30-38</date>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3652DC0FFB4FF964ABAFA45FE536CEA" box="[403,439,1412,1436]" name="American Samoa" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">AS</collectingCountry>
|
||
Winds (JCTC); ILLINOIS Cook Co. Chicago 142 St. and Halsted, Harvey low prairie #11
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFB4FF964BE6FA69FEBC6CB6" box="[207,344,1448,1472]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" value="1939-07-13">13.VII.1939</date>
|
||
R. E. Gregg (FMNH); ILLINOIS Kane Co. FermiLab prairie planting, on interp trail. 1800hr
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFB4FF964EA9FA69FEED6C92" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" value="2008-08-23">23 Aug 2008</date>
|
||
Abundant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7216D3FFB4FF964AA2FA0CFDEF6C92" box="[395,523,1485,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B142FFB4FF964AA2FA0CFDEF6C92" box="[395,523,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">F. montana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(lone gyne, JCTC); ILLINOIS Lake Co. Site 16 SBM 415
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFB4FF964FEBFA0DFAB86C92" box="[1218,1372,1484,1509]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" value="2011-05-31">31 May 2011</date>
|
||
Sean Menke (JCTC); ILLINOIS Will Co. Mokena 96th Ave. near W. L. S. Transmitter
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFB4FF964F79FA32FB226F7D" box="[1104,1222,1523,1547]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" value="1942-09-04">4-IX-1942</date>
|
||
prairie #24 R. E. Gregg (FMNH); INDIANA Lake Co. Hammond mound by ditch
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFB4FF9648B2F9D6FBF46F59" box="[923,1040,1559,1583]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" value="1933-04-27">4-27-1933</date>
|
||
M Talbot #33-30 (JCTC); IOWA Dickinson Co. Iowa Lakeside Lab.
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFB4FF96490BF9FAFD566F25" box="[546,690,1595,1619]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" value="1997-08">August 1997</date>
|
||
R Savolainen #s 63/97 & 67/97 (JCTC); NEBRASKA Morrill Co. North Platte River Wetlands. Salt Marsh. J. Jurzenski Coll’n #Morr
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFB4FF96488DF99FFBCF6F01" box="[932,1067,1630,1655]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" value="2001-01-07" valueMax="2001-01-25" valueMin="2001-01-07">01-07-25-01</date>
|
||
; NORTH DAKOTA Barnes Co. 2236
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFB4FF964BF6F943FE8C6FED" box="[223,360,1666,1691]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" value="1963-07-19">19.VII.1963</date>
|
||
G.C. & J.N. Wheeler (LACM); NORTH DAKOTA Barnes Co. Conservation Area
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFB4FF964E6FF942FF2B6FC9" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" value="1963-07-19">19-VII- 1963</date>
|
||
#2236 G.C. & J.N. Wheeler (LACM); NORTH DAKOTA Cavalier Co. Waterloo Twp.
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFB4FF964FF1F967FACA6FC9" box="[1240,1326,1702,1727]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" value="1954-07-13">13/7/54</date>
|
||
#77 Don Sather LACM); NORTH DAKOTA Grand Forks Co. 45 Mekinock
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFB4FF9648BDF90AFBC56F95" box="[916,1057,1739,1763]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" value="1932-07-10">10-VII-1932</date>
|
||
C.V. Johnson (LACM); NORTH DAKOTA Grand Forks Co. Powell
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFB4FF964916F92EFD236E71" box="[575,711,1775,1799]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" value="1932-08-01">VIII-1-1932</date>
|
||
#701 C.V. Johnson (LACM); NORTH DAKOTA Grand Forks Co. T152NR52W Sec. 9
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFB4FF964A9BF8D3FDDB6E5D" box="[434,575,1810,1835]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" value="1959-07-26">26-VII-1959</date>
|
||
#2166 G.C. & J.N. Wheeler (LACM); NORTH DAKOTA Grand Forks Co. Oakville Township Oakville Prairie Sec. B
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFB4FF9649ADF8F6FCF56E39" box="[644,785,1847,1871]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" value="1949-07-14">14-VII-1949</date>
|
||
#408 G.C. & J.N. Wheeler (LACM); NORTH DAKOTA Grand Forks Co. 16-151-51
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFB4FF964AF0F89BFD836E05" box="[473,615,1882,1907]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" value="1964-07-13">13-VII-1964</date>
|
||
2552 G.C. & J.N. Wheeler (LACM); NORTH DAKOTA Ramsey Co. Twp. Fancher Sec. 22
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFB4FF964A8DF8BFFDDF6EE1" box="[420,571,1918,1943]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" value="1951-08-17">VIII-17-1951</date>
|
||
#157c and
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFB4FF964996F8BFFCA76EE1" box="[703,835,1918,1943]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" value="1951-09-11">IX-11-1951</date>
|
||
#
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D74A6D9FFB4FF964870F8BEFC4C6EE1" box="[857,936,1919,1943]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="generic">188 P.</specimenCount>
|
||
B. Kannowski (LACM); NORTH DAKOTA Ramsey Co. Twp. DeGroat Sec. 18
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFB4FF96491CF863FD5C6ECD" box="[565,696,1954,1979]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" value="1951-09-18">IX-18-1951</date>
|
||
#
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D74A6D9FFB4FF9649E6F863FCF16ECC" box="[719,789,1954,1979]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="generic">168 P.</specimenCount>
|
||
B. Kannowski (LACM); NORTH DAKOTA Ramsey Co. Twp. T53R64 Sec. 16
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFB4FF964A88F807FDC16EA9" box="[417,549,1990,2015]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" value="1951-09-30">IX-30-1951</date>
|
||
#
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D74A6D9FFB4FF964913F806FD6C6EA9" box="[570,648,1991,2015]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="generic">221 P.</specimenCount>
|
||
B. Kannowski (LACM); NORTH DAKOTA Walsh Co. Twp. Ardoch s.4
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFB5FF974B97FF56FEDA69C6" box="[190,318,151,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" value="1950-07-02">2-VII-1950</date>
|
||
#
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D74A6D9FFB5FF974A74FF59FE4B69D9" box="[349,431,152,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" type="generic">180 W.</specimenCount>
|
||
E. LaBerge (LACM); NORTH DAKOTA Ward Co. Kenmare
|
||
<date id="FFCC4B90FFB5FF974FAAFF56FAF469C6" box="[1155,1296,151,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="514" value="1954-07-27">VII-27-1954</date>
|
||
G.C. & J.N. Wheeler (LACM).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |