585 lines
74 KiB
XML
585 lines
74 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="42E65D8343A419FD1FF2CB9B84D62441">Brachymelecta Linsley, 1939, previously the rarest North American bee genus, was described from an aberrant specimen and is the senior synonym for Xeromelecta Linsley, 1939</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FEE892EBF0F78E47347A5941A6C2DE93">Onuferko, Thomas M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3648CA5E57A31834DBFE08BD982125A9" type="email">thomas.onuferko@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="A14FEBA8F69B786689196DE18DD3B359">Packer, Laurence</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F7FF1E7C3E7F2706D6E625E143E5717D">Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele St.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="7E5226B86DC46535D2BE567195A59AE1" type="email">xeromelissa@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="3F9DC8886C9EF541FA4D4292E204917C">Genaro, Julio A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="35F07CF82429DA3C9C6F3FAF2836A64A">Florida State Collection of Arthropods, 1911 SW 34 St.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="D71BB5E720681E46B6C4FDEA37B5722D">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B9E93DE5005868ACF10F5CB2ADE45F56">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03CBE758FF853F6CFDAF2E6F63F9FC7E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4967789" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182753128" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4967789" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CBE758FF853F6CFDAF2E6F63F9FC7E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CBE758FF853F6CFDAF2E6F63F9FC7E" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<subSubSection id="C37805C5FF853F62FDAF2E6F63A4FCD7" box="[579,1009,821,848]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDD564EFF853F62FDAF2E6F63A4FCD7" blockId="7.[579,1009,821,848]" box="[579,1009,821,848]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<heading id="D095E122FF853F62FDAF2E6F63A4FCD7" box="[579,1009,821,848]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="2">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF853F62FD792E6F63A4FCD7" ID-CoL="62GP9" authority="Linsley, 1939" authorityName="Linsley" authorityYear="1939" box="[661,1009,821,848]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Brachymelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF853F62FD792E6F631FFCC8" bold="true" box="[661,842,821,848]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Brachymelecta</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF32BBFFF853F62FCBD2E6F63A4FCD7" author="Linsley E. G." box="[849,1009,821,847]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="429 - 468" refId="ref31259" refString="Linsley E. G. 1939. A revision of the Nearctic Melectinae (Hymenoptera, Anthophoridae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 32: 429 - 468. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 32.2.429" type="journal article" year="1939">Linsley, 1939</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C37805C5FF853F62FF512E2D62EDFC65" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BDD564EFF853F62FF512E2D6202FC0A" blockId="7.[189,721,887,1022]" box="[189,599,887,914]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB727160FF853F62FF512E2D6202FC0A" box="[189,599,887,914]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC3705FFF853F62FF512E2D6206FC0A" author="Linsley E. G." box="[189,595,887,914]" page="458" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1939">
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<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF853F62FF512E2D6206FC0A" ID-CoL="62GP9" authority="Linsley, 1939: 458" authorityName="Linsley" authorityPageNumber="458" authorityYear="1939" box="[189,595,887,914]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Brachymelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF853F62FF512E2D6138FC09" box="[189,365,887,913]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Brachymelecta</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF32BBFFF853F62FE982E2D6206FC0A" author="Linsley E. G." box="[372,595,887,914]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="429 - 468" refId="ref31259" refString="Linsley E. G. 1939. A revision of the Nearctic Melectinae (Hymenoptera, Anthophoridae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 32: 429 - 468. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 32.2.429" type="journal article" year="1939">Linsley, 1939: 458</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDD564EFF853F62FF512EC162FFFC2E" blockId="7.[189,721,887,1022]" box="[189,682,923,950]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB727160FF853F62FF512EC162FFFC2E" box="[189,682,923,950]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC3705FFF853F62FF512EC16260FC2E" author="Linsley E. G." box="[189,565,923,950]" page="450" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1939">
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<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF853F62FF512EC16260FC2E" ID-CoL="895T" authority="Linsley, 1939: 450" authorityName="Linsley" authorityPageNumber="450" authorityYear="1939" box="[189,565,923,950]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Xeromelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF853F62FF512EC16105FC2D" box="[189,336,923,949]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Xeromelecta</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF32BBFFF853F62FEBB2EC16260FC2E" author="Linsley E. G." box="[343,565,923,950]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="429 - 468" refId="ref31259" refString="Linsley E. G. 1939. A revision of the Nearctic Melectinae (Hymenoptera, Anthophoridae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 32: 429 - 468. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 32.2.429" type="journal article" year="1939">Linsley, 1939: 450</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, syn. nov.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BDD564EFF853F62FF512EE56284FC41" blockId="7.[189,721,887,1022]" box="[189,721,959,986]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB727160FF853F62FF512EE56284FC41" box="[189,721,959,986]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF853F62FF512EE56209FC42" authority="Linsley, 1939: 451" authorityName="Linsley" authorityPageNumber="451" authorityYear="1939" box="[189,604,959,986]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Melectomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF853F62FF512EE56122FC41" box="[189,375,959,985]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Melectomorpha</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC3705FFF853F62FE922EE56209FC42" author="Linsley E. G." box="[382,604,959,986]" page="451" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1939">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF32BBFFF853F62FE922EE56209FC42" author="Linsley E. G." box="[382,604,959,986]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="429 - 468" refId="ref31259" refString="Linsley E. G. 1939. A revision of the Nearctic Melectinae (Hymenoptera, Anthophoridae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 32: 429 - 468. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 32.2.429" type="journal article" year="1939">Linsley, 1939: 451</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, syn. nov.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDD564EFF853F62FF512EB962EDFC65" blockId="7.[189,721,887,1022]" box="[189,696,995,1022]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB727160FF853F62FF512EB962EDFC65" box="[189,696,995,1022]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC3705FFF853F62FF512EB96214FC66" author="Michener C. D." box="[189,577,995,1022]" page="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1948">
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<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF853F62FF512EB96214FC66" authority="Michener, 1948: 15" authorityName="Michener" authorityPageNumber="15" authorityYear="1948" box="[189,577,995,1022]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Nesomelecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF853F62FF512EB96106FC65" box="[189,339,995,1021]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Nesomelecta</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF32BBFFF853F62FEB62EB96214FC66" author="Michener C. D." box="[346,577,995,1022]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="15 - 18" refId="ref31455" refString="Michener C. D. 1948. Notes on the American bees of the genus Melecta (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 50: 15 - 18." type="journal article" year="1948">Michener, 1948: 15</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, syn. nov.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37805C5FF853F6DFF51297F63CAFD36" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BDD564EFF853F62FF51297F624BFBA7" blockId="7.[189,542,1060,1087]" box="[189,542,1060,1087]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<heading id="D095E122FF853F62FF51297F624BFBA7" bold="true" box="[189,542,1060,1087]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF853F62FF51297F624BFBA7" bold="true" box="[189,542,1060,1087]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Diagnosis for
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<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF853F62FE85297E624BFBA7" authorityName="Linsley" authorityYear="1939" box="[361,542,1060,1087]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Brachymelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF853F62FE85297E624BFBA7" bold="true" box="[361,542,1060,1087]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Brachymelecta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDD564EFF853F62FF51290E647BF910" blockId="7.[189,1401,1108,1672]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF853F62FF51290E6138FBF6" authorityName="Linsley" authorityYear="1939" box="[189,365,1108,1134]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Brachymelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF853F62FF51290E6138FBF6" box="[189,365,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Brachymelecta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(previously
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<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF853F62FDE6290E62C8FBF6" authorityName="Linsley" authorityYear="1939" box="[522,669,1108,1134]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Xeromelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF853F62FDE6290E62C8FBF6" box="[522,669,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Xeromelecta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) is an exclusively New World genus of small to mid-sized (
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<quantity id="4C9AFBABFF853F62FF2A2922616AFB0A" box="[198,319,1144,1170]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="12.0" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="8.0">8–16 mm</quantity>
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) non-metallic anthophoriform bees, for which the following morphological features in combination constitute a diagnosis: the inner ramus of each tarsal claw of the mid- and hind legs is broad, lobe-like, and thus does not resemble the outer ramus (
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<figureCitation id="13594ACBFF853F62FC7E29E56444FB42" box="[914,1041,1215,1242]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[188,231,1787,1813]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1342,1740]" captionTargetId="figure-570@8.[189,1398,1342,1748]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 2. Metadistitarsus of male, lateral view. A. Brachymelecta californica (Cresson, 1878) (photo of Melecta? mucida holotype (ANSP 2294), herein synonymized under B. californica), in which the inner ramus (blue arrow) of each tarsal claw is broad, lobe-like, and thus does not resemble the outer ramus. B. B. californica (photo of M. californica lectotype (ANSP 2292)), in which the inner ramus (blue arrow) of each tarsal claw is broad, lobe-like, and thus does not resemble the outer ramus. C. Melecta thoracica Cresson, 1875 (BOLD sample ID: LRBBC1476; PCYU LRB09-3186), in which the inner ramus (blue arrow) of each tarsal claw is narrow, pointed, and thus resembles the outer ramus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4965960" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4965960/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 2A–B</figureCitation>
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) (this feature is unique among North American
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<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF853F62FE6429B961ADFB65" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1840" box="[392,504,1251,1277]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Melectini">Melectini</taxonomicName>
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but also exhibited by many species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF853F62FC3429B96463FB65" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[984,1078,1251,1277]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Melecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF853F62FC3429B96463FB65" box="[984,1078,1251,1277]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Melecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Old World (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF853F62FF5128526105FAB9" baseAuthorityName="Forster" baseAuthorityYear="1771" box="[189,336,1287,1313]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Melecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF853F62FF5128526105FAB9" box="[189,336,1287,1313]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M. albifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) as well as many other groups of cleptoparasitic bees,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF32BBFFF853F62FC03285D64FFFAB9" author="Michener C. D." box="[1007,1194,1287,1313]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref31558" refString="Michener C. D. 2007. The Bees of the World, Second ed. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD." type="book" year="2007">Michener 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); the distitarsi of all legs have arolia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF32BBFFF853F62FE5D287162ECFADE" author="Hurd P. D. Jr. & Linsley E. G." box="[433,697,1323,1350]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="119 - 140" refId="ref30753" refString="Hurd P. D. Jr. & Linsley E. G. 1951. The melectine bees of California (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae). Bulletin of the California Insect Survey 1: 119 - 140." type="journal article" year="1951">Hurd & Linsley 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 11f); the marginal cell of each fore wing extends little (if at all) beyond the third submarginal crossvein (or, if the wing has only two submarginal cells, the second submarginal crossvein, which is equivalent morphologically to the third because it is the second that is lost) (e.g.,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13594ACBFF853F62FE6728CC61BDFA29" box="[395,488,1430,1457]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,965,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-220@10.[189,1398,965,1889]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. Brachymelecta alayoi (Michener, 1988). A–B, D: female (JAG); C: male (JAG). A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Habitus, dorsal view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D. Axillae and mesoscutellum, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4965962" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4965962/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
; see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF32BBFFF853F62FDB528CC632FFA29" author="Engel M. S. & Michener C. D." box="[601,890,1430,1457]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref29699" refString="Engel M. S. & Michener C. D. 2012. The melectine bee genera Brachymelecta and Sinomelecta (Hymenoptera, Apidae). ZooKeys 244: 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 244.3979" type="journal article" year="2012">Engel & Michener 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 4 to see this feature in the
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF853F62FB0028CD6559FA28" box="[1260,1292,1431,1456]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M.</emphasis>
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF853F62FACC28CC6523FA28" baseAuthorityName="Engel & Michener" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[1312,1398,1430,1456]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Brachymelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mucida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF853F62FACC28CC6523FA28" box="[1312,1398,1430,1456]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">mucida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D9E8ECFF853F62FF5128E0617CFA4D" box="[189,297,1466,1493]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
); vein cu-v of each hind wing is distinctly longer than the second abscissa of vein M+Cu (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF32BBFFF853F62FF29288461B6FA60" author="Engel M. S. & Michener C. D." box="[197,483,1502,1528]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref29699" refString="Engel M. S. & Michener C. D. 2012. The melectine bee genera Brachymelecta and Sinomelecta (Hymenoptera, Apidae). ZooKeys 244: 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 244.3979" type="journal article" year="2012">Engel & Michener 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 5) (this feature is unique to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF853F62FCB9288463B1FA60" authorityName="Cockerell & Atkins" authorityYear="1902" box="[853,996,1502,1528]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ericrocidini">Ericrocidini</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF853F62FC0228846434FA60" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1840" box="[1006,1121,1502,1528]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Melectini">Melectini</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF853F62FB702884657FFA60" authorityName="Lepeletier" authorityYear="1841" box="[1180,1322,1502,1528]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Rhathymini">Rhathymini</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Roig- Alsina & Michener 1993;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF32BBFFF853F62FE1C2B5862F2F984" author="Michener C. D." box="[496,679,1538,1564]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref31558" refString="Michener C. D. 2007. The Bees of the World, Second ed. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD." type="book" year="2007">Michener 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); in both pairs of wings, most closed cells are hairless and the region beyond the veins of each wing is strongly papillate (e.g.,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13594ACBFF853F62FC2F2B7C6477F9D8" box="[963,1058,1574,1600]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,965,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-220@10.[189,1398,965,1889]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. Brachymelecta alayoi (Michener, 1988). A–B, D: female (JAG); C: male (JAG). A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Habitus, dorsal view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D. Axillae and mesoscutellum, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4965962" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4965962/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
; see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF32BBFFF853F62FB742B7C60ABF9FC" author="Engel M. S. & Michener C. D." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref29699" refString="Engel M. S. & Michener C. D. 2012. The melectine bee genera Brachymelecta and Sinomelecta (Hymenoptera, Apidae). ZooKeys 244: 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 244.3979" type="journal article" year="2012">Engel & Michener 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 4–5 to see this feature in the
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF853F62FD6B2B1162F2F9FC" box="[647,679,1611,1636]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M.</emphasis>
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF853F62FD562B106345F9FC" baseAuthorityName="Engel & Michener" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[698,784,1610,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Brachymelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mucida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF853F62FD562B106345F9FC" box="[698,784,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">mucida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D9E8ECFF853F62FCFB2B1063D6F9FD" box="[791,899,1610,1637]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
); and most pale hairs (if present) on T1 are distinctly shorter than the longest hairs on the mesosoma (e.g.,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13594ACBFF853F62FC4D2B376477F910" box="[929,1058,1645,1672]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,965,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-220@10.[189,1398,965,1889]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. Brachymelecta alayoi (Michener, 1988). A–B, D: female (JAG); C: male (JAG). A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Habitus, dorsal view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D. Axillae and mesoscutellum, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4965962" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4965962/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD564EFF853F6DFF512BEA63CAFD36" blockId="7.[188,1399,1712,2025]" lastBlockId="8.[188,1399,265,686]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
All species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF853F62FE9F2BEA6276F952" authorityName="Linsley" authorityYear="1939" box="[371,547,1712,1738]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Brachymelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF853F62FE9F2BEA6276F952" box="[371,547,1712,1738]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Brachymelecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF853F62FD642BEA6357F952" baseAuthorityName="Cockerell" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[648,770,1712,1738]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Xeromelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="larreae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF853F62FD642BEA6357F952" box="[648,770,1712,1738]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">B. larreae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have well-defined metasomal fasciae comprised of short, appressed, branched pale hairs (e.g.,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13594ACBFF853F62FD392B89630CF976" box="[725,857,1747,1774]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,965,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-220@10.[189,1398,965,1889]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. Brachymelecta alayoi (Michener, 1988). A–B, D: female (JAG); C: male (JAG). A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Habitus, dorsal view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D. Axillae and mesoscutellum, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4965962" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4965962/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
), and may thus superficially resemble other cleptoparasitic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF853F62FE992BAD619FF889" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[373,458,1783,1809]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Apidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF853F62FD892BAD62A4F88A" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[613,753,1783,1810]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nomadinae">Nomadinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), most notably various
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF853F62FBF12BAD64D6F889" box="[1053,1155,1783,1809]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Epeolini">Epeolini</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF853F62FB7A2BA261F2F8AE" authority="Cresson, 1887" authorityName="Cresson" authorityYear="1887" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Ericrocis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF853F62FB7A2BA26557F889" box="[1174,1282,1784,1809]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ericrocis</emphasis>
|
||
Cresson, 1887 (Ericrocidini)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF853F62FE1C2A4164D5F8AE" authority="Linsley & Michener, 1937" authorityName="Linsley & Michener" authorityYear="1937" box="[496,1152,1819,1846]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Hexepeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF853F62FE1C2A41622CF8AD" box="[496,633,1819,1845]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Hexepeolus</emphasis>
|
||
Linsley & Michener, 1937 (Hexepeolini)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF853F62FB7D2A416514F8AD" authorityName="Linsley" authorityYear="1939" box="[1169,1345,1819,1845]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Brachymelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF853F62FB7D2A416514F8AD" box="[1169,1345,1819,1845]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Brachymelecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be readily distinguished from the aforementioned taxa by the length of the marginal cell of the fore wing, which in the non-melectine nomadines extends well beyond the third submarginal crossvein (or second submarginal crossvein if the wing has only two submarginal cells). In contrast to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF853F62FB0D2ADD6511F839" box="[1249,1348,1927,1953]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Epeolini">Epeolini</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF853F62FF522AF06112F85C" authorityName="Linsley & Michener" authorityYear="1937" box="[190,327,1962,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Hexepeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF853F62FF522AF06112F85C" box="[190,327,1962,1988]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Hexepeolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(but not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF853F62FE472AF16242F85C" authorityName="Cresson" authorityYear="1887" box="[427,535,1963,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Ericrocis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF853F62FE472AF16242F85C" box="[427,535,1963,1988]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ericrocis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF853F62FD682AF06361F85C" authorityName="Linsley" authorityYear="1939" box="[644,820,1962,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Brachymelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF853F62FD682AF06361F85C" box="[644,820,1962,1988]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Brachymelecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in ventral view show six recognizable metasomal sterna, with S6 tapering (in female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF853F62FDA02A946387F870" authority="sensu Michener 2007" authorityName="Michener" authorityYear="2007" box="[588,978,1998,2025]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nomadinae">
|
||
Nomadinae sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF32BBFFF853F62FCF22A946387F870" author="Michener C. D." box="[798,978,1998,2024]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref31558" refString="Michener C. D. 2007. The Bees of the World, Second ed. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD." type="book" year="2007">Michener 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, S6 is largely if not entirely retracted and commonly emarginate or bifid).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8A3F6DFD832C53634AFEBB" authorityName="Linsley" authorityYear="1939" box="[623,799,265,291]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Brachymelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFD832C53634AFEBB" box="[623,799,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Brachymelecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be further distinguished from any
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8A3F6DFB012C536505FEBB" box="[1261,1360,265,291]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Epeolini">Epeolini</taxonomicName>
|
||
by their axillae, which in the latter are produced to rounded lobes, angles, or spines (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8A3F6DFB532C77653AFEDF" authorityName="Linsley" authorityYear="1939" box="[1215,1391,301,327]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Brachymelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFB532C77653AFEDF" box="[1215,1391,301,327]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Brachymelecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the axillae continue the contour of the mesoscutellum, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8A3F6DFC4A2C086447FEF3" authorityName="Cresson" authorityYear="1887" box="[934,1042,338,363]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Ericrocis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFC4A2C086447FEF3" box="[934,1042,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ericrocis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8A3F6DFBB82C0B6488FEF3" authorityName="Linsley & Michener" authorityYear="1937" box="[1108,1245,337,363]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Hexepeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFBB82C0B6488FEF3" box="[1108,1245,337,363]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Hexepeolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8A3F6DFF512C2F6138FE17" authorityName="Linsley" authorityYear="1939" box="[189,365,373,399]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Brachymelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFF512C2F6138FE17" box="[189,365,373,399]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Brachymelecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, especially
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8A3F6DFE112C2F6226FE17" baseAuthorityName="Cockerell" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[509,627,373,399]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Xeromelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="larreae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFE112C2F6226FE17" box="[509,627,373,399]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. larreae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, may also be confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8A3F6DFC202C2F647CFE17" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[972,1065,373,399]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Melecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFC202C2F647CFE17" box="[972,1065,373,399]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Melecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but in New World
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8A3F6DFAF52C2F60B8FE2B" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Melecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFAF52C2F6522FE17" box="[1305,1399,373,399]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Melecta</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the inner ramus of each tarsal claw is narrow, pointed, and thus resembles the outer ramus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13594ACBFF8A3F6DFAE22CC2653CFE2B" box="[1294,1385,408,435]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[188,231,1787,1813]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1342,1740]" captionTargetId="figure-570@8.[189,1398,1342,1748]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 2. Metadistitarsus of male, lateral view. A. Brachymelecta californica (Cresson, 1878) (photo of Melecta? mucida holotype (ANSP 2294), herein synonymized under B. californica), in which the inner ramus (blue arrow) of each tarsal claw is broad, lobe-like, and thus does not resemble the outer ramus. B. B. californica (photo of M. californica lectotype (ANSP 2292)), in which the inner ramus (blue arrow) of each tarsal claw is broad, lobe-like, and thus does not resemble the outer ramus. C. Melecta thoracica Cresson, 1875 (BOLD sample ID: LRBBC1476; PCYU LRB09-3186), in which the inner ramus (blue arrow) of each tarsal claw is narrow, pointed, and thus resembles the outer ramus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4965960" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4965960/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
), and T1 has long, pale hairs, similar in length to those on the dorsum of the mesosoma. Additionally, whereas in male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8A3F6DFE672CBA626EFE62" authorityName="Linsley" authorityYear="1939" box="[395,571,480,506]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Brachymelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFE672CBA626EFE62" box="[395,571,480,506]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Brachymelecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from North America each flagellomere except F1 is distinctly wider than long (L/ W ratio ≤ 0.8), in male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8A3F6DFD822F5E6299FD86" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[622,716,516,542]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Melecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFD822F5E6299FD86" box="[622,716,516,542]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Melecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
each flagellomere is at most as wide as long (L/W ratio = 0.9–1.0). In males of the Antillean species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8A3F6DFD2B2F726322FDDA" authorityName="Linsley" authorityYear="1939" box="[711,887,552,578]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Brachymelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFD2B2F726322FDDA" box="[711,887,552,578]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Brachymelecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the flagellomeres are longer, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8A3F6DFAFD2F72653AFDDA" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1297,1391,552,578]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Melecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFAFD2F72653AFDDA" box="[1297,1391,552,578]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Melecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but given that the three species are the only melectines known to occur in the Caribbean, they can easily be separated from all other melectine genera by geography. The absence of arolia in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8A3F6DFB402F2A654BFD11" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1898" box="[1196,1310,624,649]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Zacosmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFB402F2A654BFD11" box="[1196,1310,624,649]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Zacosmia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
readily distinguishes the genus from both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8A3F6DFDBC2FC96355FD35" authorityName="Linsley" authorityYear="1939" box="[592,768,659,685]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Brachymelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFDBC2FC96355FD35" box="[592,768,659,685]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Brachymelecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8A3F6DFCD52FC963C2FD35" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[825,919,659,685]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Melecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFCD52FC963C2FD35" box="[825,919,659,685]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Melecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37805C5FF8A3F6CFF512F8C63F9FC7E" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD564EFF8A3F6DFF512F8C617AFD68" blockId="8.[189,303,726,752]" box="[189,303,726,752]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<heading id="D095E122FF8A3F6DFF512F8C617AFD68" bold="true" box="[189,303,726,752]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFF512F8C617AFD68" bold="true" box="[189,303,726,752]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD564EFF8A3F6DFF512E5F6452FB83" blockId="8.[188,1399,773,1051]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
We present
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8A3F6DFEBB2E5F6252FC87" authorityName="Linsley" authorityYear="1939" box="[343,519,773,799]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Brachymelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFEBB2E5F6252FC87" box="[343,519,773,799]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Brachymelecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the replacement name for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8A3F6DFC7E2E5F6470FC87" authorityName="Linsley" authorityYear="1939" box="[914,1061,773,799]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Xeromelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFC7E2E5F6470FC87" box="[914,1061,773,799]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Xeromelecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the generic level. This nomenclatural act was prompted by the recognition of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D9E8ECFF8A3F6DFC8E2E73639BFCDB" box="[866,974,809,835]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8A3F6DFC1E2E73648DFCDB" authorityName="Cresson" authorityYear="1878" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[1010,1240,809,835]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Melecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFC1E2E73648DFCDB" box="[1010,1240,809,835]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Melecta californica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D9E8ECFF8A3F6DFAFC2E736522FCDB" box="[1296,1399,809,835]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFF312E1760A8FCFE" box="[221,253,845,870]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M.</emphasis>
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8A3F6DFEFD2E176132FCFF" baseAuthorityName="Engel & Michener" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[273,359,845,871]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Brachymelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mucida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFEFD2E176132FCFF" box="[273,359,845,871]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">mucida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as belonging to the same species. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D9E8ECFF8A3F6DFCC32E1763C3FCFF" box="[815,918,845,871]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFC512E176388FCFE" box="[957,989,845,870]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M.</emphasis>
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8A3F6DFC1D2E176412FCFF" baseAuthorityName="Engel & Michener" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[1009,1095,845,871]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Brachymelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mucida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFC1D2E176412FCFF" box="[1009,1095,845,871]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">mucida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
agrees with the diagnosis for the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8A3F6DFE852E2A624CFC12" authorityName="Linsley" authorityYear="1939" box="[361,537,880,906]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Brachymelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFE852E2A624CFC12" box="[361,537,880,906]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Brachymelecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
provided herein, which corresponds to the former genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8A3F6DFB302E2A653AFC12" authorityName="Linsley" authorityYear="1939" box="[1244,1391,880,906]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Xeromelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFB302E2A653AFC12" box="[1244,1391,880,906]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Xeromelecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Most notably, the inner ramus of each tarsal claw of the mid- and hind legs is broad, lobe-like, and thus does not resemble the outer ramus, as in all species formerly placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8A3F6DFBF92EE264FDFC4A" authorityName="Linsley" authorityYear="1939" box="[1045,1192,952,978]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Xeromelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFBF92EE264FDFC4A" box="[1045,1192,952,978]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Xeromelecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<figureCitation id="13594ACBFF8A3F6DFB042EE2653FFC4A" box="[1256,1386,952,978]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[188,231,1787,1813]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1342,1740]" captionTargetId="figure-570@8.[189,1398,1342,1748]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 2. Metadistitarsus of male, lateral view. A. Brachymelecta californica (Cresson, 1878) (photo of Melecta? mucida holotype (ANSP 2294), herein synonymized under B. californica), in which the inner ramus (blue arrow) of each tarsal claw is broad, lobe-like, and thus does not resemble the outer ramus. B. B. californica (photo of M. californica lectotype (ANSP 2292)), in which the inner ramus (blue arrow) of each tarsal claw is broad, lobe-like, and thus does not resemble the outer ramus. C. Melecta thoracica Cresson, 1875 (BOLD sample ID: LRBBC1476; PCYU LRB09-3186), in which the inner ramus (blue arrow) of each tarsal claw is narrow, pointed, and thus resembles the outer ramus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4965960" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4965960/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
). In their redescription of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8A3F6DFE042E866413FC6E" authority=", Engel & Michener (2012)" authorityName=", Engel & Michener" authorityYear="2012" box="[488,1094,988,1015]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Brachymelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mucida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFE042E8662ACFC6E" box="[488,761,988,1014]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Brachymelecta mucida</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF32BBFFF8A3F6DFCE02E866413FC6E" author="Engel M. S. & Michener C. D." box="[780,1094,988,1014]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref29699" refString="Engel M. S. & Michener C. D. 2012. The melectine bee genera Brachymelecta and Sinomelecta (Hymenoptera, Apidae). ZooKeys 244: 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 244.3979" type="journal article" year="2012">Engel & Michener (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also noted the similarity between the tarsal claws of the
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFDC1295B6218FB82" box="[557,589,1025,1050]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M.</emphasis>
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8A3F6DFD8D295A62E2FB82" authorityName=", Engel & Michener" authorityYear="2012" box="[609,695,1024,1050]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Brachymelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mucida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFD8D295A62E2FB82" box="[609,695,1024,1050]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">mucida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D9E8ECFF8A3F6DFD53295A6373FB82" box="[703,806,1024,1050]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8A3F6DFCB3295B6455FB82" authorityName="Cresson" authorityYear="1878" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[863,1024,1024,1050]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Melecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFCB3295B6455FB82" box="[863,1024,1024,1050]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">X. californica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD564EFF8A3F6CFF51291863A7FE61" blockId="8.[188,1399,1090,1296]" lastBlockId="9.[188,1400,265,505]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Evidence that the morphological features exhibited by the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D9E8ECFF8A3F6DFC8629186384FBC4" box="[874,977,1090,1116]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFC142919644DFBC4" box="[1016,1048,1091,1116]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M.</emphasis>
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8A3F6DFBC0291864D7FBC4" authorityName=", Engel & Michener" authorityYear="2012" box="[1068,1154,1090,1116]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Brachymelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mucida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFBC0291864D7FBC4" box="[1068,1154,1090,1116]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">mucida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
fall within the range of variation observed within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8A3F6DFDE1293D62FBFB18" authorityName="Cresson" authorityYear="1878" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[525,686,1126,1152]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Melecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFDE1293D62FBFB18" box="[525,686,1126,1152]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. californica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is presented in the ‘Remarks’ section for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8A3F6DFB7E293D6566FB18" authorityName="Cresson" authorityYear="1878" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[1170,1331,1126,1152]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Melecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFB7E293D6566FB18" box="[1170,1331,1126,1152]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. californica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(vide infra).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8A3F6DFEE029D061A7FB3C" authorityName="Cresson" authorityYear="1878" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[268,498,1162,1188]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Melecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFEE029D061A7FB3C" box="[268,498,1162,1188]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Melecta californica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described earlier, so the epithet ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8A3F6DFC4429D0647CFB3C" authorityName="Cresson" authorityYear="1878" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[936,1065,1162,1188]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Melecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFC4429D0647CFB3C" box="[936,1065,1162,1188]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">californica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ is the senior synonym to be used in reference to the species. Prior to the present study, the name used for this species was
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8A3F6DFB0D29F4616BFB74" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Xeromelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFB0D29F4616BFB74" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Xeromelecta californica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8A3F6DFE2A2988620CFB74" authorityName="Linsley" authorityYear="1939" box="[454,601,1234,1260]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Xeromelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFE2A2988620CFB74" box="[454,601,1234,1260]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Xeromelecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was elevated to the rank of a genus by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF32BBFFF8A3F6DFBC829886560FB74" author="Hurd P. D. Jr. & Linsley E. G." box="[1060,1333,1233,1260]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="119 - 140" refId="ref30753" refString="Hurd P. D. Jr. & Linsley E. G. 1951. The melectine bees of California (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae). Bulletin of the California Insect Survey 1: 119 - 140." type="journal article" year="1951">Hurd & Linsley (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, after
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8A3F6DFF5129AF6138FA97" authorityName="Linsley" authorityYear="1939" box="[189,365,1269,1295]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Brachymelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFF5129AF6138FA97" box="[189,365,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Brachymelecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
had already been established as a generic name, by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF32BBFFF8A3F6DFC2629AF642EFA88" author="Linsley E. G." box="[970,1147,1269,1296]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="429 - 468" refId="ref31259" refString="Linsley E. G. 1939. A revision of the Nearctic Melectinae (Hymenoptera, Anthophoridae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 32: 429 - 468. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 32.2.429" type="journal article" year="1939">Linsley (1939)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The two names were published simultaneously, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8B3F6CFDC82C5362E2FEBB" authorityName="Linsley" authorityYear="1939" box="[548,695,265,291]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Xeromelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8B3F6CFDC82C5362E2FEBB" box="[548,695,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Xeromelecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally described as a subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8B3F6CFB5D2C53655AFEBB" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1201,1295,265,291]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Melecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8B3F6CFB5D2C53655AFEBB" box="[1201,1295,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Melecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8B3F6CFF512C766138FEDE" authorityName="Linsley" authorityYear="1939" box="[189,365,300,326]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Brachymelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8B3F6CFF512C766138FEDE" box="[189,365,300,326]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Brachymelecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described as a separate genus altogether into which
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8B3F6CFC132C77644AFEDE" box="[1023,1055,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M.</emphasis>
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8B3F6CFBDF2C7664DCFEDE" authorityName=", Engel & Michener" authorityYear="2012" box="[1075,1161,300,326]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Brachymelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mucida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8B3F6CFBDF2C7664DCFEDE" box="[1075,1161,300,326]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">mucida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was placed, the first among what are now understood to be its congeners to be placed in a new genus. According to article 24.1. of the code of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), when synonyms are published simultaneously but proposed at different ranks, the name proposed at the higher rank takes precedence. Therefore, even though
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8B3F6CFD832CE662DBFE4D" box="[623,654,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M.</emphasis>
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8B3F6CFD4F2CE162ACFE4D" authorityName=", Engel & Michener" authorityYear="2012" box="[675,761,443,469]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Brachymelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mucida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8B3F6CFD4F2CE162ACFE4D" box="[675,761,443,469]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">mucida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is herein regarded as a junior synonym at the species level,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8B3F6CFEE92C8461E0FE60" authorityName="Linsley" authorityYear="1939" box="[261,437,478,504]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Brachymelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8B3F6CFEE92C8461E0FE60" box="[261,437,478,504]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Brachymelecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is regarded as the senior synonym for the genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1D06C6FF8A3F6DFF502BA1655BF871" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4965960" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4965960" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4965960/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[188,231,1787,1813]" targetBox="[189,1398,1342,1740]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD564EFF8A3F6DFF502BA1655BF871" blockId="8.[188,1399,1787,2025]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFF502BA16159F88E" bold="true" box="[188,268,1787,1814]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Metadistitarsus of male, lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFD362BA162B8F88D" bold="true" box="[730,749,1787,1813]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8A3F6DFD122BA664ABF88E" authority="(Cresson, 1878)" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[766,1278,1788,1814]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Brachymelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFD122BA6646DF88E" box="[766,1080,1788,1814]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Brachymelecta californica</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF32BBFFF8A3F6DFBA52BA664A3F88E" author="Cresson E. T." box="[1097,1270,1788,1814]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="61 - 136" refId="ref29506" refString="Cresson E. T. 1878. Descriptions of new North American Hymenoptera in the collection of the American Entomological Society. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 7: 61 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076368" type="journal article" year="1878">Cresson, 1878</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(photo of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8A3F6DFF532A45614EF8A1" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[191,283,1823,1849]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Melecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFF532A45614EF8A1" box="[191,283,1823,1849]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Melecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8A3F6DFEDC2A4561D3F8A1" authorityName=", Engel & Michener" authorityYear="2012" box="[304,390,1823,1849]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Brachymelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mucida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFEDC2A4561D3F8A1" box="[304,390,1823,1849]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">mucida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype (ANSP 2294), herein synonymized under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8A3F6DFC042A7A64DFF8A1" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[1000,1162,1823,1849]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Brachymelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFC042A7A64DFF8A1" box="[1000,1162,1823,1849]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. californica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), in which the inner ramus (blue arrow) of each tarsal claw is broad, lobe-like, and thus does not resemble the outer ramus.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFF522A3F6084F8E7" bold="true" box="[190,209,1893,1919]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8A3F6DFF0F2A3C61DDF8E7" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[227,392,1893,1919]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Brachymelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFF0F2A3C61DDF8E7" box="[227,392,1893,1919]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. californica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(photo of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8A3F6DFDE32A3C62EEF8E7" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[527,699,1893,1919]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Brachymelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFDE32A3C62EEF8E7" box="[527,699,1893,1919]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M. californica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lectotype (ANSP 2292)), in which the inner ramus (blue arrow) of each tarsal claw is broad, lobe-like, and thus does not resemble the outer ramus.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFB182AD2655DF83A" bold="true" box="[1268,1288,1928,1954]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8A3F6DFAF42AD261B7F85F" authority="Cresson, 1875" authorityName="Cresson" authorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Melecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thoracica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8A3F6DFAF42AD26178F85E" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Melecta thoracica</emphasis>
|
||
Cresson, 1875
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BOLD sample ID: LRBBC1476; PCYU LRB09-3186), in which the inner ramus (blue arrow) of each tarsal claw is narrow, pointed, and thus resembles the outer ramus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD564EFF8B3F6CFF512F7A63F9FC7E" blockId="9.[187,1400,544,998]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Since
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8B3F6CFEEA2F7B6129FDA2" authorityName=", Engel & Michener" authorityYear="2012" box="[262,380,544,570]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Brachymelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mucida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8B3F6CFEEA2F7B6129FDA2" box="[262,380,544,570]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B. mucida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was established as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D9E8ECFF8B3F6CFD622F7B6294FDA3" box="[654,705,545,571]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of its genus by original designation and monotypy, its senior synonym (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8B3F6CFE412F1F621AFDC6" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[429,591,580,606]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Brachymelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8B3F6CFE412F1F621AFDC6" box="[429,591,580,606]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B. californica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is herein regarded as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D9E8ECFF8B3F6CFC6B2F1F63EFFDC7" box="[903,954,581,607]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species for the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8B3F6CFB2C2F1E6525FDC6" authorityName="Linsley" authorityYear="1939" box="[1216,1392,580,606]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Brachymelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8B3F6CFB2C2F1E6525FDC6" box="[1216,1392,580,606]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Brachymelecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Under its former genus, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D9E8ECFF8B3F6CFDE12F326215FD1A" box="[525,576,616,642]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species was placed in the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8B3F6CFC192F3264F8FD1A" box="[1013,1197,616,642]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Melecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Melectomorpha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8B3F6CFC192F3264F8FD1A" box="[1013,1197,616,642]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Melectomorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Since article 44 of the code of the ICZN stipulates that (in a genus containing subgenera) the subgenus that contains the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D9E8ECFF8B3F6CFF512FF560A5FD51" box="[189,240,687,713]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species must be denoted by the same name as the genus, the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8B3F6CFBA32FF5655CFD51" box="[1103,1289,687,713]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Melecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Melectomorpha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8B3F6CFBA32FF5655CFD51" box="[1103,1289,687,713]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Melectomorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is herein recognized as no longer valid. Besides, according to the results of our phylogenetic analysis (presented below),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8B3F6CFEF72FAC6180FC88" box="[283,469,758,784]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Melecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Melectomorpha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8B3F6CFEF72FAC6180FC88" box="[283,469,758,784]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Melectomorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is paraphyletic, with its two members,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8B3F6CFC782FAD6461FC88" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[916,1076,758,784]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Brachymelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8B3F6CFC782FAD6461FC88" box="[916,1076,758,784]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B. californica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8B3F6CFB852FAD64AAFC88" authorityName="Cresson" authorityYear="1872" box="[1129,1279,759,784]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Brachymelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="interrupta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8B3F6CFB852FAD64AAFC88" box="[1129,1279,759,784]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B. interrupta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, not sister to one another but with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8B3F6CFE382E406239FCAB" authorityName="Cresson" authorityYear="1872" box="[468,620,794,819]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Brachymelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="interrupta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8B3F6CFE382E406239FCAB" box="[468,620,794,819]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B. interrupta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8B3F6CFD3B2E406319FCAC" baseAuthorityName="Cockerell" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[727,844,794,820]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Xeromelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="larreae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8B3F6CFD3B2E406319FCAC" box="[727,844,794,820]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B. larreae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the only species in the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8B3F6CFB302E40653AFCAC" authorityName="Linsley" authorityYear="1939" box="[1244,1391,794,820]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Xeromelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8B3F6CFB302E40653AFCAC" box="[1244,1391,794,820]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Xeromelecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8B3F6CFEDE2E67619DFCCF" authorityName="Michener" authorityYear="1948" box="[306,456,829,855]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Nesomelecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8B3F6CFEDE2E67619DFCCF" box="[306,456,829,855]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Nesomelecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found to constitute a natural group, to maintain its status as a valid subgenus would require the other three species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8B3F6CFD602E3B6369FCE3" authorityName="Linsley" authorityYear="1939" box="[652,828,865,891]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Brachymelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8B3F6CFD602E3B6369FCE3" box="[652,828,865,891]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Brachymelecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to each be placed in their own separate subgenus or for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8B3F6CFEE92EDF61C9FC06" authorityName="Cresson" authorityYear="1872" box="[261,412,901,926]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Brachymelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="interrupta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8B3F6CFEE92EDF61C9FC06" box="[261,412,901,926]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B. interrupta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be placed in the same subgenus as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8B3F6CFCBA2EDF639EFC06" baseAuthorityName="Cockerell" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[854,971,900,926]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Xeromelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="larreae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8B3F6CFCBA2EDF639EFC06" box="[854,971,900,926]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B. larreae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As four or even three subgenera for a genus of six species is arguably a case of overclassification, the names
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8B3F6CFBFF2EF264F3FC5A" authorityName="Linsley" authorityYear="1939" box="[1043,1190,936,962]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Xeromelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8B3F6CFBFF2EF264F3FC5A" box="[1043,1190,936,962]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Xeromelecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8B3F6CFB592EF2653AFC5A" box="[1205,1391,936,962]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Melecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Melectomorpha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8B3F6CFB592EF2653AFC5A" box="[1205,1391,936,962]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Melectomorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8B3F6CFF032E9661D0FC7E" authorityName="Michener" authorityYear="1948" box="[239,389,972,998]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Nesomelecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8B3F6CFF032E9661D0FC7E" box="[239,389,972,998]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Nesomelecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are herein synonymized under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C622DCDFF8B3F6CFD1A2E9663F3FC7E" authorityName="Linsley" authorityYear="1939" box="[758,934,972,998]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Brachymelecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9168A5CFF8B3F6CFD1A2E9663F3FC7E" box="[758,934,972,998]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Brachymelecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |