200 lines
20 KiB
XML
200 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="DA610B61C558539FC8DE6C094BBA3464">A catalogue of Indian Pyraloidea (Lepidoptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2F9BA915358E0A9F66ED5FD319D8F95F">Singh, Navneet</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8E0F7085AC2BB2B6AFC0B650E2045D64">Ranjan, Rahul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E6A6355BA99AD76F04E6A1874CAEAE06">Talukdar, Avishek</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EF23F6E4038EE3D05B3BB4CC85BEDFAF">Joshi, Rahul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9C92C2D642094888ED0887335832D3E9">Kirti, Jagbir Singh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7384608E099E39334E3DD2C9FC5AAA9E">Chandra, Kailash</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="01F538B082A015E57546A5A54B93B715">Mally, Richard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="4A9C7E4D6506B93496EF0D8516995F04" type="email">spilomallynae@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="D4F139263C0F5E016D883D4971E07713">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="1F56929F92B18AEDC87CE833532E5E79">
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<mods:date id="07989558A8FE3ADD4E0EBEF623FEB9FC">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="279E706F35DD3C57F3F06D712A234E3F">2022-10-25</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="84F2B813B082A8410D13E3178E12C79D">5197</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="053311C060BF0FAAC73351F6113F60E0">1</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="F72274C7842387BE2C54E4CE34D8A97B">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5197.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="12E480CE4A21CE072D56DBF02D039689">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="0F7753A40CDBB34446A07FC4C5A21436" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5197.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="27EB42CD670A480B6A7F63506C03FF75" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C8791FFFC18032FF785534FCF55E23" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7252363" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7252363" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C8791FFFC18032FF785534FCF55E23" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8791FFFC18032FF785534FCF55E23" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<subSubSection id="C37B9B82FFC18033FF785534FE925EEB" box="[151,360,366,392]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDEC809FFC18033FF785534FE925EEB" blockId="26.[151,360,366,392]" box="[151,360,366,392]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<heading id="D0967F65FFC18033FF785534FE925EEB" bold="true" box="[151,360,366,392]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B915141BFFC18033FF785534FE925EEB" bold="true" box="[151,360,366,392]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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2.1.
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<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFC18033FF285534FE925EEB" ID-CoL="947D6" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1836" box="[199,360,366,392]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Acentropinae">Acentropinae</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37B9B82FFC18032FF7855ECFCF55E23" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BDEC809FFC18033FF7855ECFBD45DCA" blockId="26.[151,1437,438,681]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis id="B915141BFFC18033FF7855ECFE275EB3" bold="true" box="[151,477,438,465]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Diversity and distribution:</emphasis>
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distributed worldwide (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF0B5F8FFC18033FD1D55EDFC115EB2" author="Holloway, J. D. & Kibby, G. & Peggie, D." box="[754,1003,439,465]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref282024" refString="Holloway, J. D., Kibby, G. & Peggie, D. (2001) The families of Malesian moths and butterflies (Fauna Malesiana) (Vol. 3). Brill, Leiden, Boston, Koln, 455 pp., 8 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004475595" type="book" year="2001">
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||
Holloway
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||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFC18033FC8255EDFC525EB2" box="[877,936,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
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2001
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
) with 797 valid species in 72 genera (Nuss
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<emphasis id="B915141BFFC18033FF0F5581FEE25E96" box="[224,280,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
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||
2003
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||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFC18033FEB95581FE9E5E96" bold="true" box="[342,356,475,501]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">–</emphasis>
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||
2022,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0B5F8FFC18033FE455581FD955E96" author="Leger, T. & Mally, R. & Neinhuis, C. & Nuss, M." box="[426,623,475,501]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="84 - 99" refId="ref288552" refString="Leger, T., Mally, R., Neinhuis, C. & Nuss, M. (2020) Refining the phylogeny of Crambidae with complete sampling of subfamilies (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea). Zoologica Scripta, 50 (1), 84 - 99. [2021] https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12452" type="journal article" year="2020">
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Léger
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<emphasis id="B915141BFFC18033FE1C5581FDD15E96" box="[499,555,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
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||
2020
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
). In
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<collectingCountry id="F3768899FFC18033FD705581FD215E96" box="[671,731,475,501]" name="India" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">India</collectingCountry>
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, 75 species in 20 genera are present, representing 9.41% of the global
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<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFC18033FF0B55A5FE815D7A" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1836" box="[228,379,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Acentropinae">Acentropinae</taxonomicName>
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diversity. Of the 20 genera reported from
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<collectingCountry id="F3768899FFC18033FC8C55A5FC655D7A" box="[867,927,511,537]" name="India" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">India</collectingCountry>
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||
, 11 genera contain only a single species, six genera are known by two to 10 species, and the remaining three genera,
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<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFC18033FC525679FB6E5D5E" authority="Swinhoe" authorityName="Swinhoe" authorityYear="1900" box="[957,1172,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Eoophyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B915141BFFC18033FC525679FBD25D5E" box="[957,1064,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Eoophyla</emphasis>
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Swinhoe
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFC18033FB715679FA635D5E" authority="Warren" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1890" box="[1182,1433,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Paracymoriza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B915141BFFC18033FB715679FAC75D5F" box="[1182,1341,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Paracymoriza</emphasis>
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Warren
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFC18033FF26561DFE5B5D02" authority="Hubner" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1825" box="[201,417,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Parapoynx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B915141BFFC18033FF26561DFEBE5D03" box="[201,324,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Parapoynx</emphasis>
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Hübner
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</taxonomicName>
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comprise more than 11 species (
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||
<figureCitation id="135AD48CFFC18033FCF0561DFC8F5D02" box="[799,885,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="26.[152,255,1756,1780]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,714,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-220@26.[151,1436,705,1733]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 14. Species diversity of Indian Acentropinae genera." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7252320" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7252320/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
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||
). In
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<collectingCountry id="F3768899FFC18033FC43561DFC125D02" box="[940,1000,583,609]" name="India" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">India</collectingCountry>
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||
, the
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFC18033FBCF561DFB4D5D02" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1836" box="[1056,1207,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Acentropinae">Acentropinae</taxonomicName>
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are most diverse in North East, followed by the Western Ghats and central Himalaya. The rest of the biogeographic zones contain fewer numbers. So far, no
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<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFC18033FE9756D5FDF55DCA" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1836" box="[376,527,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Acentropinae">Acentropinae</taxonomicName>
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are reported from the Trans-Himalaya (
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<figureCitation id="135AD48CFFC18033FC2256D5FBDB5DCA" box="[973,1057,654,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="27.[152,255,1419,1443]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,353,1388]" captionTargetId="figure-85@27.[151,1436,344,1396]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 15. Species diversity of Indian Acentropinae in different biogeographic zones/zones." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7252322" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7252322/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<caption id="DF1E9881FFC18033FF775286FCE35996" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7252320" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7252320" box="[152,793,1756,1781]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7252320/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" startId="26.[152,255,1756,1780]" targetBox="[160,1427,714,1726]" targetPageId="26">
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<paragraph id="8BDEC809FFC18033FF775286FCE35996" blockId="26.[152,793,1756,1781]" box="[152,793,1756,1781]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFC18033FF775286FEDF5997" bold="true" box="[152,293,1756,1780]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
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Species diversity of
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<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFC18033FE155286FDC15997" box="[506,571,1756,1780]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Carangidae" genus="Indian" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="411" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Indian</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFC18033FDD05286FD3D5997" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1836" box="[575,711,1756,1780]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Acentropinae">Acentropinae</taxonomicName>
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genera.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BDEC809FFC18033FF285378FBCE5892" blockId="26.[151,1437,1826,2033]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFC18033FF285378FE60585E" bold="true" box="[199,410,1826,1853]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Adult characters:</emphasis>
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slender, long-legged adult moths have long, strikingly patterned fore- and hindwings, often with prominent banding on a pale background. A row of small, ocellate marks is present on the hindwing margins of some genera. The forewings usually have a dense subcostal and radial venation, with R
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<subScript id="17E5CA4CFFC18033FB9F5327FB8258E8" attach="left" box="[1136,1144,1917,1931]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">2</subScript>
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usually stalked with R
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<subScript id="17E5CA4CFFC18033FA935327FA6C58E8" attach="left" box="[1404,1430,1917,1931]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">3+4</subScript>
|
||
. In the hindwing, Sc+R
|
||
<subScript id="17E5CA4CFFC18033FE7A53FBFE6758CC" attach="left" box="[405,413,1953,1967]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">1</subScript>
|
||
are anastomosed with Rs beyond the discal cell. The praecinctorium is a single lobe. In the male genitalia, the long uncus, together with the gnathos, is connected via a sclerite to the costa of the elongate valva (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0B5F8FFC18033FF70538DFE6B5892" author="Holloway, J. D. & Kibby, G. & Peggie, D." box="[159,401,2007,2033]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref282024" refString="Holloway, J. D., Kibby, G. & Peggie, D. (2001) The families of Malesian moths and butterflies (Fauna Malesiana) (Vol. 3). Brill, Leiden, Boston, Koln, 455 pp., 8 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004475595" type="book" year="2001">
|
||
Holloway
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFC18033FEF9538DFEBD5892" box="[278,327,2007,2033]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The ductus ejaculatorius enters the phallus near the centre.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDEC809FFC08032FF2854CCFD015F9B" blockId="27.[151,1436,150,321]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFC08032FF2854CCFE5F5FD3" bold="true" box="[199,421,150,176]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Larval characters:</emphasis>
|
||
mostly aquatic larvae with lateral gills on their body segments (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0B5F8FFC08032FB8B54CCFB275FD3" author="Solis, M. A." box="[1124,1245,150,176]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 58" refId="ref309925" refString="Solis, M. A. (2006) Key to selected Pyraloidea (Lepidoptera) larvae intercepted at U. S. ports of entry: Revision of Pyraloidea in " Keys to some frequently intercepted lepidopterous larvae " by Weisman 1986. USDA Systematic Entomology Laboratory, 2006, 1 - 58." type="journal article" year="2006">Solis 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and are found in standing and flowing water, including brackish mangrove habitats (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0B5F8FFC08032FC6C54E0FBDB5FB7" author="Murphy, D. H." box="[899,1057,186,212]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="119 - 203" refId="ref297205" refString="Murphy, D. H. (1990) The natural history of insect herbivory on mangrove trees in and near Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 38 (2), 119 - 203, pls. 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1990">Murphy 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Some larvae build cases, including the few terrestrial genera like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C61B38AFFC08032FDFE5484FD015F9B" authority="Snellen." box="[529,763,222,248]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Nymphicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFC08032FDFE5484FD625F9B" box="[529,664,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Nymphicula</emphasis>
|
||
Snellen.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDEC809FFC08032FF285558FCF55E23" blockId="27.[151,1436,150,321]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915141BFFC08032FF285558FE9A5E7F" bold="true" box="[199,352,258,284]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Food plants:</emphasis>
|
||
some larvae are detritus feeders, potentially contributing to nutrient recycling, whereas others graze on algae or feed on water plants (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0B5F8FFC08032FDA0557CFCF85E23" author="Holloway, J. D. & Kibby, G. & Peggie, D." box="[591,770,294,320]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref282024" refString="Holloway, J. D., Kibby, G. & Peggie, D. (2001) The families of Malesian moths and butterflies (Fauna Malesiana) (Vol. 3). Brill, Leiden, Boston, Koln, 455 pp., 8 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004475595" type="book" year="2001">Holloway 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |