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<document id="D26BBDD761CC40729F32103F71711DB2" ID-DOI="10.1206/00030090-417.1.1" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5407771" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630347764536" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Voss, Robert S. &amp; Fleck, David W." docDate="2017" docId="03E587ECFF8DFF8F74E9F9C98143FEE0" docLanguage="en" docName="B417.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2017 (417)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1206/00030090-417.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C5E2DA72A22EF33813C92A197453A310.5:BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="C5E2DA72A22EF33813C92A197453A310" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Eira barbara" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" masterDocId="FFDCFF94FFB4FFB37439FFE2806FFFDC" masterDocTitle="Mammalian Diversity And Matses Ethnomammalogy In Amazonian Peru Part 2: Xenarthra, Carnivora, Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla, And Sirenia" masterLastPageNumber="1" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1699239402727" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="40B7577A9F0F346691295A04755C5410" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="96189A47C6D20E66099748B0ABCF53FA">Mammalian Diversity And Matses Ethnomammalogy In Amazonian Peru Part 2: Xenarthra, Carnivora, Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla, And Sirenia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A00BA513F0AB1DD0209D9E2030F9A6A9">Voss, Robert S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7FFA3B73AE8D2771A0E327D82D0A61B0">Fleck, David W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="D4E8EF2D81A676D5828F53FC8E50AF50">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="552D47BD04A856E304D53A54CD580792" type="DOI">10.1206/00030090-417.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F8BF8CFCB3AC0BB68E4A2B443EBDD0F6" type="ISSN">0003-0090</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E587ECFF8DFF8F74E9F9C98143FEE0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E587ECFF8DFF8F74E9F9C98143FEE0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E587ECFF8DFF8F74E9F9C98143FEE0" lastPageId="60" pageId="57">
<subSubSection id="C3566571FF8DFF8A74E9F9C98276F99E" box="[208,537,1578,1602]" pageId="57" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF336FAFF8DFF8A74E9F9C98276F99E" blockId="57.[208,537,1578,1602]" box="[208,537,1578,1602]" pageId="57">
<heading id="D0BB8196FF8DFF8A74E9F9C98276F99E" box="[208,537,1578,1602]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="57" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D79FF8DFF8A74E9F9C98276F99E" ID-CoL="38VYB" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[208,537,1578,1602]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Eira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbara">
<emphasis id="B938EAE8FF8DFF8A74E9F9C98137F99E" box="[208,344,1578,1602]" italics="true" pageId="57">Eira barbara</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1758)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3566571FF8DFF8A7501F9BF81DFF9A9" box="[312,432,1629,1653]" pageId="57" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF336FAFF8DFF8A7501F9BF81DFF9A9" blockId="57.[312,432,1629,1653]" box="[312,432,1629,1653]" pageId="57">
<heading id="D0BB8196FF8DFF8A7501F9BF81DFF9A9" box="[312,432,1629,1653]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="57" reason="2">
<figureCitation id="13772A7FFF8DFF8A7501F9BF81DFF9A9" box="[312,432,1629,1653]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="57.[111,153,1440,1461]" captionTargetBox="[196,1138,232,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-58@57.[184,1144,224,1410]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIG. 15. Adult skulls of five sympatric mustelid species illustrating taxonomic differences in size and shape: Galictis vittata (A, MUSM 15157), Eira barbara (B, MUSM 13149), Mustela africana (C, AMNH 61813), Pteronura brasiliensis (D, AMNH 74431), Lontra longicaudis (E, AMNH 98589). All illustrated specimens are from eastern Peru, but only MUSM 13149 and MUSM 15157 are from the Yavarí-Ucayali interfluve." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5407801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5407801/files/figure.png" pageId="57">Figure 15B</figureCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3566571FF8DFF8974B5F972821BFB88" lastPageId="58" pageId="57" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF336FAFF8DFF8A74B5F9728212F916" blockId="57.[109,637,1680,1738]" pageId="57">
VOUCHER MATERIAL (TOTAL = 3): Nuevo
<collectingRegion id="4988F818FF8DFF8A766CF9728213F974" box="[597,636,1680,1704]" country="Argentina" name="San Juan" pageId="57">San</collectingRegion>
Juan (MUSM 11171, 13149), Orosa (AMNH
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336FAFF8DFF8A7695F9C88291F99E" blockId="57.[684,1213,1578,1738]" box="[684,766,1578,1602]" pageId="57">74116).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336FAFF8DFF8A76F5F9AE84D2F916" blockId="57.[684,1213,1578,1738]" pageId="57">
OTHER INTERFLUVIAL RECORDS: Actiamë (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B0BFF8DFF8A768AF98C833FF95A" author="Amanzo, J." box="[691,848,1646,1670]" pageId="57" pagination="320 - 327" refId="ref60681" refString="Amanzo, J. 2006. Medium and large mammals, appendix 6. In C. Vriesendorp et al. (editors), Peru: Matses (Rapid Biological Inventories 16): 205 - 213, 320 - 327. Chicago: Field Museum." type="journal article" year="2006">Amanzo, 2006</bibRefCitation>
), Choncó (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B0BFF8DFF8A77F8F98C8431F95A" author="Amanzo, J." box="[961,1118,1646,1670]" pageId="57" pagination="320 - 327" refId="ref60681" refString="Amanzo, J. 2006. Medium and large mammals, appendix 6. In C. Vriesendorp et al. (editors), Peru: Matses (Rapid Biological Inventories 16): 205 - 213, 320 - 327. Chicago: Field Museum." type="journal article" year="2006">Amanzo, 2006</bibRefCitation>
), Divisor (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B0BFF8DFF8A768AF97283AEF974" author="Jorge, M. L. S. P. &amp; P. M. Velazco" box="[691,961,1680,1704]" pageId="57" pagination="274 - 284" refId="ref64390" refString="Jorge, M. L. S. P., and P. M. Velazco. 2006. Mammals. In C. Vriesendorp, T. S. Schulenberg, W. S. Alverson, D. K. Moskovits, and J. - I. Rojas-Moscoso (editors), Peru: Sierra del Divisor (Rapid Biological Inventories 17): 196 - 204, 274 - 284. Chicago: Field Museum." type="journal article" year="2006">Jorge and Velazco, 2006</bibRefCitation>
), Jenaro
<collectingRegion id="4988F818FF8DFF8A701FF9738416F974" box="[1062,1145,1681,1704]" country="Panama" name="Herrera" pageId="57">Herrera</collectingRegion>
(Pavlinov, 1994), Quebrada Pobreza (Escobedo-Torres,
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF336672FF8EFF897665FF0584FCFEF0" ID-Table-UUID="DF336672FF8EFF897665FF0584FCFEF0" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF336672FF8EFF897665FF0584FCFEF0" pageId="58" startId="58.[604,684,231,255]" targetBox="[117,1191,329,890]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="58">
<paragraph id="8BF336FAFF8EFF897665FF0582A2FF23" blockId="58.[604,717,231,255]" box="[604,717,231,255]" pageId="58">
<heading id="D0BB8196FF8EFF897665FF0582A2FF23" box="[604,717,231,255]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="58" reason="4">TABLE 13</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336FAFF8EFF8974ABFEF584FCFEF0" blockId="58.[146,1171,278,300]" box="[146,1171,278,300]" pageId="58">
<tableNote id="76AA3774FF8EFF8974ABFEF584FCFEF0" box="[146,1171,278,300]" pageId="58" targetBox="[117,1191,329,890]" targetPageId="58">Measurements (mm) and Weights (g) of Adult Mustelid Specimens from the Yavarí-Ucayali Interfluve</tableNote>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF336FAFF8EFF8975AAFEAB8430FCA6" pageId="58">
<table id="F94CC45AFF8E004C744CFEAB84C8FCA6" box="[117,1191,329,890]" gridcols="5" gridrows="15" pageId="58">
<tr id="357C34B8FF8E004C744CFEAB84C8FEAA" box="[117,1191,329,374]" gridrow="0" pageId="58" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C75B5FEAB826BFEAA" box="[396,516,329,374]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="58">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D79FF8EFF8975AAFEAB81A3FEAA" authority="MUSM" authorityName="MUSM" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Eira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbara">
<emphasis id="B938EAE8FF8EFF8975AAFEAB8191FE80" box="[403,510,329,348]" italics="true" pageId="58">Eira barbara</emphasis>
MUSM
</taxonomicName>
13149
</th>
<th id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C7658FEAB82B2FEAA" box="[609,733,329,374]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="58">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D79FF8EFF897658FEAB82CCFEAA" authority="MUSM" authorityName="MUSM" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Galictis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vittata">
<emphasis id="B938EAE8FF8EFF897658FEAB82B2FE87" box="[609,733,329,348]" italics="true" pageId="58">Galictis vittata</emphasis>
MUSM
</taxonomicName>
15157
</th>
<th id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C7711FEAB83ABFEAA" box="[808,964,329,374]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="58">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D79FF8EFF897711FEAB8319FEAA" authority="MUSM" authorityName="MUSM" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Lontra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longicaudis">
<emphasis id="B938EAE8FF8EFF897711FEAB83ABFE80" box="[808,964,329,348]" italics="true" pageId="58">Lontra longicaudis</emphasis>
MUSM
</taxonomicName>
11172a
</th>
<th id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C77CBFEAB84C8FEAA" box="[1010,1191,329,374]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="58">
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D79FF8EFF8977CBFEAB8422FEAA" authority="MUSM" authorityName="MUSM" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Pteronura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="B938EAE8FF8EFF8977CBFEAB84C8FE80" box="[1010,1191,329,348]" italics="true" pageId="58">Pteronura brasiliensis</emphasis>
MUSM
</taxonomicName>
11173b
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="357C34B8FF8E004C744CFE6A84C8FE47" box="[117,1191,392,411]" gridrow="1" pageId="58">
<th id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C744CFE6A8120FE47" box="[117,335,392,411]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="58">Sex</th>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C75B5FE6A826BFE47" box="[396,516,392,411]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="58">female</td>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C7658FE6A82B2FE47" box="[609,733,392,411]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="58">female</td>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C7711FE6A83ABFE47" box="[808,964,392,411]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="58">unknown</td>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C77CBFE6A84C8FE47" box="[1010,1191,392,411]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="58">female</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357C34B8FF8E004C744CFE4F84C8FE1C" box="[117,1191,429,448]" gridrow="2" pageId="58">
<th id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C744CFE4F8120FE1C" box="[117,335,429,448]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="58">Head-and-body length</th>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C75B5FE4F826BFE1C" box="[396,516,429,448]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="58">641</td>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C7658FE4F82B2FE1C" box="[609,733,429,448]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="58">523</td>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C7711FE4F83ABFE1C" box="[808,964,429,448]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="58">—</td>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C77CBFE4F84C8FE1C" box="[1010,1191,429,448]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="58">1015</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357C34B8FF8E004C744CFE3084C8FE39" box="[117,1191,466,485]" gridrow="3" pageId="58">
<th id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C744CFE308120FE39" box="[117,335,466,485]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="58">Length of tail</th>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C75B5FE30826BFE39" box="[396,516,466,485]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="58">398</td>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C7658FE3082B2FE39" box="[609,733,466,485]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="58">150</td>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C7711FE3083ABFE39" box="[808,964,466,485]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="58">—</td>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C77CBFE3084C8FE39" box="[1010,1191,466,485]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="58">592</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357C34B8FF8E004C744CFE1584C8FDD6" box="[117,1191,503,522]" gridrow="4" pageId="58">
<th id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C744CFE158120FDD6" box="[117,335,503,522]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="58">Hind foot</th>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C75B5FE15826BFDD6" box="[396,516,503,522]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="58">115</td>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C7658FE1582B2FDD6" box="[609,733,503,522]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="58">83</td>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C7711FE1583ABFDD6" box="[808,964,503,522]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="58">—</td>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C77CBFE1584C8FDD6" box="[1010,1191,503,522]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="58">174</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357C34B8FF8E004C744CFDFE84C8FDF3" box="[117,1191,540,559]" gridrow="5" pageId="58">
<th id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C744CFDFE8120FDF3" box="[117,335,540,559]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="58">Ear</th>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C75B5FDFE826BFDF3" box="[396,516,540,559]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="58">40</td>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C7658FDFE82B2FDF3" box="[609,733,540,559]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="58">31</td>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C7711FDFE83ABFDF3" box="[808,964,540,559]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="58">—</td>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C77CBFDFE84C8FDF3" box="[1010,1191,540,559]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="58">28</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357C34B8FF8E004C744CFDA284C8FD88" box="[117,1191,576,596]" gridrow="6" pageId="58">
<th id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C744CFDA28120FD88" box="[117,335,576,596]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="58">Weight</th>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C75B5FDA2826BFD88" box="[396,516,576,596]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="58">4900</td>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C7658FDA282B2FD88" box="[609,733,576,596]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="58">2260</td>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C7711FDA283ABFD88" box="[808,964,576,596]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="58">—</td>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C77CBFDA284C8FD88" box="[1010,1191,576,596]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="58">—</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357C34B8FF8E004C744CFD8784C8FDA4" box="[117,1191,613,632]" gridrow="7" pageId="58">
<th id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C744CFD878120FDA4" box="[117,335,613,632]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="58">Condylobasal length</th>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C75B5FD87826BFDA4" box="[396,516,613,632]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="58">111.4</td>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C7658FD8782B2FDA4" box="[609,733,613,632]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="58">88.8</td>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C7711FD8783ABFDA4" box="[808,964,613,632]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="58">104.4</td>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C77CBFD8784C8FDA4" box="[1010,1191,613,632]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="58">146.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357C34B8FF8E004C744CFD6884C8FD41" box="[117,1191,650,669]" gridrow="8" pageId="58">
<th id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C744CFD688120FD41" box="[117,335,650,669]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="58">Nasal length</th>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C75B5FD68826BFD41" box="[396,516,650,669]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="58">—</td>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C7658FD6882B2FD41" box="[609,733,650,669]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="58">20.9</td>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C7711FD6883ABFD41" box="[808,964,650,669]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="58">—</td>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C77CBFD6884C8FD41" box="[1010,1191,650,669]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="58">—</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357C34B8FF8E004C744CFD4D84C8FD1E" box="[117,1191,687,706]" gridrow="9" pageId="58">
<th id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C744CFD4D8120FD1E" box="[117,335,687,706]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="58">Least interorbital breadth</th>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C75B5FD4D826BFD1E" box="[396,516,687,706]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="58">27.9</td>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C7658FD4D82B2FD1E" box="[609,733,687,706]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="58">19.6</td>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C7711FD4D83ABFD1E" box="[808,964,687,706]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="58">19.3</td>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C77CBFD4D84C8FD1E" box="[1010,1191,687,706]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="58">17.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357C34B8FF8E004C744CFD3684C8FD3B" box="[117,1191,724,743]" gridrow="10" pageId="58">
<th id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C744CFD368120FD3B" box="[117,335,724,743]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="58">Least postorbital breadth</th>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C75B5FD36826BFD3B" box="[396,516,724,743]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="58">26.3</td>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C7658FD3682B2FD3B" box="[609,733,724,743]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="58">20.8</td>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C7711FD3683ABFD3B" box="[808,964,724,743]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="58">14.4</td>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C77CBFD3684C8FD3B" box="[1010,1191,724,743]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="58">15.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357C34B8FF8E004C744CFD1A84C8FCD0" box="[117,1191,760,780]" gridrow="11" pageId="58">
<th id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C744CFD1A8120FCD0" box="[117,335,760,780]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="58">Zygomatic breadth</th>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C75B5FD1A826BFCD0" box="[396,516,760,780]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="58">70.9</td>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C7658FD1A82B2FCD0" box="[609,733,760,780]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="58">49.5</td>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C7711FD1A83ABFCD0" box="[808,964,760,780]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="58">63.2</td>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C77CBFD1A84C8FCD0" box="[1010,1191,760,780]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="58">92.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357C34B8FF8E004C744CFCFF84C8FCED" box="[117,1191,797,817]" gridrow="12" pageId="58">
<th id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C744CFCFF8120FCED" box="[117,335,797,817]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="58">Breadth of braincase</th>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C75B5FCFF826BFCED" box="[396,516,797,817]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="58">50.2</td>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C7658FCFF82B2FCED" box="[609,733,797,817]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="58">41.0</td>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C7711FCFF83ABFCED" box="[808,964,797,817]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="58">51.5</td>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C77CBFCFF84C8FCED" box="[1010,1191,797,817]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="58">73.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357C34B8FF8E004C744CFCA084C8FC89" box="[117,1191,834,853]" gridrow="13" pageId="58">
<th id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C744CFCA08120FC89" box="[117,335,834,853]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="58">Maxillary toothrowc</th>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C75B5FCA0826BFC89" box="[396,516,834,853]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="58">30.9</td>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C7658FCA082B2FC89" box="[609,733,834,853]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="58">25.8</td>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C7711FCA083ABFC89" box="[808,964,834,853]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="58">34.6</td>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C77CBFCA084C8FC89" box="[1010,1191,834,853]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="58">48.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357C34B8FF8E004C744CFC8584C8FCA6" box="[117,1191,871,890]" gridrow="14" pageId="58">
<th id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C744CFC858120FCA6" box="[117,335,871,890]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="58">Breadth of M1</th>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C75B5FC85826BFCA6" box="[396,516,871,890]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="58">8.1</td>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C7658FC8582B2FCA6" box="[609,733,871,890]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="58">7.6</td>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C7711FC8583ABFCA6" box="[808,964,871,890]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="58">12.4</td>
<td id="76AD5DC4FF8E004C77CBFC8584C8FCA6" box="[1010,1191,871,890]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="58">15.8</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<tableNote id="76AA3774FF8EFF897452FC6E816CFC0A" pageId="58" targetBox="[117,1191,329,890]" targetPageId="58">
<paragraph id="8BF336FAFF8EFF897452FC6E8370FC7C" blockId="58.[107,799,908,982]" box="[107,799,908,928]" pageId="58">
<superScript id="7C399BB2FF8EFF897452FC6E801EFC44" attach="left" box="[107,113,908,920]" fontSize="5" pageId="58">a</superScript>
Shot by a Matses hunter; sex unrecorded and no external measurements taken.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336FAFF8EFF897452FC45819CFC67" blockId="58.[107,799,908,982]" box="[107,499,935,955]" pageId="58">
<superScript id="7C399BB2FF8EFF897452FC45801DFC6F" attach="left" box="[107,114,935,947]" fontSize="5" pageId="58">b</superScript>
Found dead; not sufficiently intact to weigh.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336FAFF8EFF897452FC20816CFC0A" blockId="58.[107,799,908,982]" box="[107,259,962,982]" pageId="58">
<superScript id="7C399BB2FF8EFF897452FC20801EFC12" attach="left" box="[107,113,962,974]" fontSize="5" pageId="58">c</superScript>
From C1 to M1.
</paragraph>
</tableNote>
<subSection id="E2C32F11FF8EFF897455FC1B821BFB88" pageId="58" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8BF336FAFF8EFF897455FC1B821BFB88" blockId="58.[108,638,1017,1736]" pageId="58">
2015), Río Yavarí (Salovaara et al., 2003), Río Yavarí-Mirím (Salovaara et al., 2003),
<collectingCountry id="F35B766AFF8EFF897634FBF98213FBEF" box="[525,636,1051,1075]" name="Saint Pierre and Miquelon" pageId="58">San Pedro</collectingCountry>
(Valqui, 1999), Tapiche (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B0BFF8EFF897553FBDE8206FB88" author="Jorge, M. L. S. P. &amp; P. M. Velazco" box="[362,617,1084,1108]" pageId="58" pagination="274 - 284" refId="ref64390" refString="Jorge, M. L. S. P., and P. M. Velazco. 2006. Mammals. In C. Vriesendorp, T. S. Schulenberg, W. S. Alverson, D. K. Moskovits, and J. - I. Rojas-Moscoso (editors), Peru: Sierra del Divisor (Rapid Biological Inventories 17): 196 - 204, 274 - 284. Chicago: Field Museum." type="journal article" year="2006">Jorge and Velazco, 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSection>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3566571FF8EFF8974B5FBBF8392F914" pageId="58" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF336FAFF8EFF8974B5FBBF81D7F914" blockId="58.[108,638,1017,1736]" pageId="58">
IDENTIFICATION: Of the three tayra specimens known to have been collected in the Yavarí-Ucayali interfluve, one (AMNH 74116) is a juvenile, and another (MUSM 11171) cannot now be located. Fortunately, the remaining specimen (MUSM 13149) consists of the wellpreserved skin and skull of a fully adult individual that exhibits all the diagnostic external and craniodental traits attributed to the species by authors (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B0BFF8EFF897506FA65818AFA43" author="Husson, A. M." box="[319,485,1415,1439]" pageId="58" pagination="1 - 569" refId="ref64194" refString="Husson, A. M. 1978. The mammals of Suriname. Zoologische Monographieen van het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie 2: i - xxxiv, 1 - 569, 151 pls." type="book chapter" year="1978">Husson, 1978</bibRefCitation>
). Like many other tayra skins from northeastern
<collectingCountry id="F35B766AFF8EFF897679FA4A8218FA63" box="[576,631,1448,1471]" name="Peru" pageId="58">Peru</collectingCountry>
, MUSM 13149 has a grizzled-brownish head that does not contrast abruptly in coloration with the fur of the shoulders and middle back, the brownish tones of these regions darkening posteriorly and laterally to merge with the blackish pigmentation of the limbs, flanks, hindquarters, and tail. There is a small selfcream marking on the throat.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336FAFF8EFF8976F4FC188392F914" blockId="58.[684,1212,1018,1736]" pageId="58">
Tayras exhibit geographic variation in pelage color that is reflected in the description of numerous subspecies; Wozencraft (2005), for example, recognized eight, some of which have multiple synonyms. Our material perhaps represents the nominal form that Lönnberg (1913) called
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D79FF8EFF8976CCFB2384E4FB04" authority="Tschudi, 1844" authorityName="Tschudi" authorityYear="1844" box="[757,1163,1216,1240]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Eira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="barbara" subSpecies="peruana">
<emphasis id="B938EAE8FF8EFF8976CCFB238389FB04" box="[757,998,1216,1240]" italics="true" pageId="58">Eira barbara peruana</emphasis>
Tschudi, 1844
</taxonomicName>
, but analyses of mtDNA sequence data (Ruiz-Garcia et al., 2013) suggest an almost complete lack of phylogeographic structure in this species. Although a trinomial nomenclature of tayras seems pointless at the present time, we note that genetic data are currently lacking from Central American and Atlantic Forest populations, which might yet be shown to be taxonomically distinct. Morphometric data from our adult female voucher (
<tableCitation id="C6CE0341FF8EFF89702FF9E9841DF9FF" box="[1046,1138,1547,1571]" captionStart="TABLE 13" captionStartId="58.[604,684,231,255]" captionTargetBox="[117,1191,329,890]" captionText="TABLE 13 Measurements (mm) and Weights (g) of Adult Mustelid Specimens from the Yavarí-Ucayali Interfluve" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF336672FF8EFF897665FF0584FCFEF0" pageId="58" tableUuid="DF336672FF8EFF897665FF0584FCFEF0">table 13</tableCitation>
) compare closely with homologous dimensions of Surinamese specimens (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD4B0BFF8EFF8977F5F9AF841CF9B9" author="Husson, A. M." box="[972,1139,1613,1637]" pageId="58" pagination="1 - 569" refId="ref64194" refString="Husson, A. M. 1978. The mammals of Suriname. Zoologische Monographieen van het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie 2: i - xxxiv, 1 - 569, 151 pls." type="book chapter" year="1978">Husson, 1978</bibRefCitation>
: table 45) and reinforce our impression that Amazonian tayras comprise a single, genetically cohesive, undifferentiated species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3566571FF8FFF8874B5FF0083AAFBE8" pageId="59" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BF336FAFF8FFF8874B5FF008249FDFF" blockId="59.[108,638,226,1738]" pageId="59">ETHNOBIOLOGY: The Matses name for the tayra, batachued (“one that likes sweet food”), derives from their observation that tayras eat sweet wild tree fruits and ripe plantains and papayas from Matses swiddens. There are no archaic synonyms or overdifferentiated varieties, and the Matses term differs from the name for tayra in other Panoan languages. Some Matses include the tayra in the category bëdi, which otherwise designates felids and wild canids.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336FAFF8FFF8874B5FDCE81FAFCF7" blockId="59.[108,638,226,1738]" pageId="59">The tayra is not eaten by the Matses, who consider it a pest and often call it “thief ” because it frequently feeds on plantains and papayas in Matses swiddens. Tayras also eat chickens that are ranging at the edge of the village during the day, but they do not raid coops. When dogs pursue a tayra, the tayra sometimes bites the dogs. Tayras are not kept as pets.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336FAFF8FFF8874B5FCD781F8FB06" blockId="59.[108,638,226,1738]" pageId="59">Matses with young children avoid having any contact with or even looking at tayras, lest the tayra’s spirit make their children ill. Symptoms of tayra sickness include a high fever (but not constant thirst, as is case with contagions induced by felids). To treat this ailment, certain medicinal plants (“tayra medicine”) are collected, and the sick child is bathed with an infusion of their leaves. It is noteworthy that, unlike felid-induced contagions, tayra sickness is not treated with jaguar medicine, suggesting that the folk-taxonomic association of tayras with other members of the bëdi category is not strong.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336FAFF8FFF8874B5FB018212FA82" blockId="59.[108,638,226,1738]" pageId="59">MATSES NATURAL HISTORY: The tayra has a dark body and a light-colored head and neck. It has the shape of a dog with long neck. It has a furry tail. It has a distinctive but not strong smell.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336FAFF8FFF8874B5FA8581EEF999" blockId="59.[108,638,226,1738]" pageId="59">
Tayras are found in all habitat
<typeStatus id="54F78858FF8FFF8875E8FA858263FAA3" box="[465,524,1383,1407]" pageId="59">types</typeStatus>
, including upland and floodplain forest, and in primary and secondary forest. They are frequently encountered in secondary forest while walking to swiddens, in primary forest while hunting, and on the banks of rivers and streams while traveling by canoe or motorized boat.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336FAFF8FFF8874B5F9AC831BFE3D" blockId="59.[108,638,226,1738]" lastBlockId="59.[684,1214,226,1738]" pageId="59">The tayra is diurnal. It walks on the ground and also climbs high up in trees. It comes to swiddens to eat ripe plantains, bananas, and papayas. It stashes plantains at the base of a tree and covers them with leaves. It eats fallen fruits on the ground and up in trees. It can be heard rustling branches as it climbs through trees. It often walks on the trunks of fallen trees and defecates on the fallen trees. Its feces often have many seeds of fruits. It climbs high up in trees when it sees people. It sleeps in the same hole in a tree every night.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336FAFF8FFF8876F5FE0984D2FD98" blockId="59.[684,1214,226,1738]" pageId="59">Tayras are usually solitary, but they also travel in pairs, trios, or sometimes larger groups. They give birth to two young in a den in a hole in a tree.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336FAFF8FFF8876F5FDAC847FFDBA" blockId="59.[684,1214,226,1738]" box="[716,1040,589,614]" pageId="59">Jaguars and pumas eat tayras.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336FAFF8FFF8876F4FD8C83EEFD5A" blockId="59.[684,1214,226,1738]" box="[717,897,622,647]" pageId="59">The tayra snarls.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF336FAFF8FFF8876F5FD7283AAFBE8" blockId="59.[684,1214,226,1738]" pageId="59">
Tayras eat all
<typeStatus id="54F78858FF8FFF88775BFD7283F4FD74" box="[866,923,656,680]" pageId="59">types</typeStatus>
of sweet things, including ripe bananas, plantains, papayas, and wild dicot tree fruits, such as those of diden këku (
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D79FF8FFF887054FD308344FCD6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Couma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
<emphasis id="B938EAE8FF8FFF887054FD308344FCD6" italics="true" pageId="59">Couma macrocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D79FF8FFF887701FD1183BCFCD7" box="[824,979,755,779]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Apocynaceae</taxonomicName>
]), bata (
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D79FF8FFF887011FD1182B7FCF7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Pseudolmedia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B938EAE8FF8FFF887011FD1184D3FCD7" box="[1064,1212,755,779]" italics="true" pageId="59">Pseudolmedia</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
and/or
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D79FF8FFF887716FCF683D0FCF7" box="[815,959,788,811]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Maquira" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B938EAE8FF8FFF887716FCF683E3FCF7" box="[815,908,788,811]" italics="true" pageId="59">Maquira</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
[
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D79FF8FFF8877F2FCF68450FCF0" box="[971,1087,788,812]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
]), and këku (
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D79FF8FFF88768CFCD783A8FC91" box="[693,967,821,845]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Parahancornia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peruviana">
<emphasis id="B938EAE8FF8FFF88768CFCD783A8FC91" box="[693,967,821,845]" italics="true" pageId="59">Parahancornia peruviana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D79FF8FFF8877EDFCD78400FC91" box="[980,1135,821,845]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Apocynaceae</taxonomicName>
]). They also eat the fruits of cecropia trees (
<emphasis id="B938EAE8FF8FFF887015FCB484E5FCB1" box="[1068,1162,854,877]" italics="true" pageId="59">Cecropia</emphasis>
spp. [
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D79FF8FFF88768BFC958347FC53" box="[690,808,887,911]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
]). They drink honey from beehives. They also eat meat, particularly agoutis, acouchies, spiny rats, lizards, tinamous, bird eggs, and hatchlings. (One informant said he saw a large group of tayras chase a gray brocket deer, kill it, and start eating it.)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3566571FF8FFF8F76F5FBDF8143FEE0" lastPageId="60" pageId="59" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF336FAFF8FFF8F76F5FBDF8143FEE0" blockId="59.[684,1214,226,1738]" lastBlockId="60.[108,636,226,316]" lastPageId="60" pageId="59">
REMARKS: Matses interviews about tayras include many of the salient facts about this versatile diurnal omnivore mentioned in the literature reviewed by Presley (2000), including its use of every forest stratum from ground level to canopy. Additionally, Matses observations confirm the tayra’s curious habit of caching fruit stolen from gardens (Soley and Alvaro-Díaz, 2011), and they provide novel information about predation on this species by jaguars and pumas. However, perhaps the most interesting aspect of tayra biology contained in these accounts and in Matses interviews about
<taxonomicName id="4C4C4D79FF8FFF887707FA0E846AF9DF" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[830,1029,1516,1539]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasypodidae" genus="Dasypus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cingulata" pageId="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pastasae">
<emphasis id="B938EAE8FF8FFF887707FA0E846AF9DF" box="[830,1029,1516,1539]" italics="true" pageId="59">Dasypus pastasae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see above) are the suggestions that tayras hunting in groups can kill larger prey than solitary tayras can subdue. Although the notion of tayras attacking ungulates seems implausible, this behavior was previously reported by Villa (1948), who witnessed a solitary individual chasing a deer; if one of our informants is to be believed, tayras hunting deer cooperatively are sometimes successful.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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