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<document id="8C85EFEF1C2A44C74D8AED9A0BE30F90" ID-CLB-Dataset="5634" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3786.5.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cdd39956-de72-43ea-afa3-cf79f805dd83" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4913561" ID-ZooBank="D2764982-F7D7-4922-BF3F-8314FE9FD869" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623171832930" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Schoddei, Richard &amp; Christidis, Les" docDate="2014" docId="03C087B55B6EA845FF75FB7EFD06FB86" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03786p522.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3786 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Melampittidae Schoddei &amp; Christidis 2014, familia nova" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="513" masterDocId="FFF9FFCD5B65A849FFE2FFADFF95FFB3" masterDocTitle="Relicts from Tertiary Australasia: undescribed families and subfamilies of songbirds (Passeriformes) and their zoogeographic signal" masterLastPageNumber="522" masterPageNumber="501" pageNumber="512" updateTime="1699005125857" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="B27F72BCB418B97C21711E3225CE4BFF">Relicts from Tertiary Australasia: undescribed families and subfamilies of songbirds (Passeriformes) and their zoogeographic signal</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F375F5364372FDC7759C56191DAF42D7">Schoddei, Richard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FD9F764DD2E90B91789A743D34B654A8">Christidis, Les</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E67CF173697742DA91C6588B7F86AABC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="24F53F615114ABE759D0AB557C45B6A6">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0D50C7C076FBB9FAB609C1A43A89306C">2014-04-14</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="052CE9CE99558AEC26A5FE7C9AF3EC56" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3786.5.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C087B55B6EA845FF75FB7EFD06FB86" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5079537" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183401424" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5079537" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C087B55B6EA845FF75FB7EFD06FB86" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C087B55B6EA845FF75FB7EFD06FB86" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="513" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">
<subSubSection id="C37365285B6EA842FF75FB7EFC99FB5E" box="[151,780,1235,1261]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD636A35B6EA842FF75FB7EFC99FB5E" blockId="11.[151,780,1235,1261]" box="[151,780,1235,1261]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">
<heading id="D09E81CF5B6EA842FF75FB7EFC99FB5E" bold="true" box="[151,780,1235,1261]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FF75FB7EFC99FB5E" bold="true" box="[151,780,1235,1261]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">
Family
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6EA842FF14FB7EFE25FB5E" authority="Schoddei &amp; Christidis, 2014" authorityName="Schoddei &amp; Christidis" authorityYear="2014" box="[246,432,1235,1261]" class="Aves" family="Melampittidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="family" status="fam. nov.">Melampittidae</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FE5EFB7EFDC0FB5E" bold="true" box="[444,597,1235,1261]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57CA5B6EA842FE5EFB7EFDC0FB5E" box="[444,597,1235,1261]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" rank="family">familia nova</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
―melampittas
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37365285B6EA842FF75FAB4FDA5FA9C" box="[151,560,1305,1327]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8BD636A35B6EA842FF75FAB4FDA5FA9C" blockId="11.[151,560,1305,1327]" box="[151,560,1305,1327]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FF75FAB4FE8CFA9C" bold="true" box="[151,281,1305,1327]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">
<typeStatus id="54D288015B6EA842FF75FAB4FF59FA9C" box="[151,204,1305,1327]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Type</typeStatus>
genus:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6EA842FEFDFAB4FDA5FA9C" ID-CoL="5NBL" authority="Schlegel, 1871" authorityName="Schlegel" authorityYear="1871" box="[287,560,1305,1327]" class="Aves" family="Corcoracidae" genus="Melampitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FEFDFAB4FE01FA9C" box="[287,404,1305,1327]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Melampitta</emphasis>
Schlegel, 1871
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37365285B6EA845FF75FAF1FE4CFE46" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="513" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BD636A35B6EA845FF75FAF1FA08FE3B" blockId="11.[151,1437,1372,2009]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,151,1077]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="513" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FF75FAF1FE84FAC6" bold="true" box="[151,273,1372,1397]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" reason="1">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Small-medium to medium-large, all-black songbirds with long, slender or stout legs, short or rather long tail, and a tuft of short, spike-like feathering with degenerated barbules across the frons; sexes apparently monomorphic except for iris color (
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6EA842FDCEFA09FD1CFA0E" authorityName="Schlegel. The" authorityYear="1871" box="[556,649,1444,1469]" class="Aves" family="Corcoracidae" genus="Melampitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FDCEFA09FD1CFA0E" box="[556,649,1444,1469]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), juveniles brown on lower body;
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FBF3FA09FBD2FA0E" box="[1041,1095,1444,1469]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">head</emphasis>
rather narrow, the
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FAFDFA09FAD1FA0E" box="[1311,1348,1444,1469]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">bill</emphasis>
thrush- or corvid-like, all black, maxilla moderately or well-hooked, tomia smooth except for terminal maxillary notch, narial depression elliptic, with inoperculate, holorhinal, internally fully pervious nostrils opening externally in rounded to elliptic apertures distal in narial depression, rictal bristles absent (
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6EA842FBF6F9BDFBE4F99A" authorityName="Schlegel. The" authorityYear="1871" box="[1044,1137,1552,1577]" class="Aves" family="Corcoracidae" genus="Melampitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FBF6F9BDFBE4F99A" box="[1044,1137,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or sparse, fine and short (
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6EA842FF42F998FE97F9FF" authorityName=", Diamond" authorityYear="1983" box="[160,258,1589,1612]" class="Aves" family="Corcoracidae" genus="Melampitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigantea">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FF42F998FE97F9FF" box="[160,258,1589,1612]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">gigantea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FEFFF999FEC7F9FE" box="[285,338,1588,1613]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">skull</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6EA842FE86F999FE54F9FE" authorityName="Schlegel. The" authorityYear="1871" box="[356,449,1588,1613]" class="Aves" family="Corcoracidae" genus="Melampitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FE86F999FE54F9FE" box="[356,449,1588,1613]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) with fully perforate interorbital septum except for narrow medial bar, narrow, shortwinged ectethmoids that do not reach the jugal bar, ellipsoid maxillo-palatines, round-tipped vomer, long and narrow palatine shelf with shallowly attenuate transpalatine processes, and small, shallow and ill-defined temporal fossae flanked by atrophied, pimple-like postorbital processes and short, spiny, anteriorly projecting zygomatic processes;
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FEF0F968FEF9F96F" box="[274,364,1733,1756]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">sternum</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6EA842FE9FF969FE4FF96E" authorityName="Schlegel. The" authorityYear="1871" box="[381,474,1732,1757]" class="Aves" family="Corcoracidae" genus="Melampitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FE9FF969FE4FF96E" box="[381,474,1732,1757]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) short and broad, almost square and much broadened distally, with shallow keel ¼ x sternum width, lateral trabeculae medium-long,
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FD5CF944FD5FF8B3" box="[702,714,1769,1792]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">c</emphasis>
. ⅓–½ x length of sternum, abruptly and slightly flared at tips, sternal rostrum very short;
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FE27F8A0FD93F897" box="[453,518,1805,1828]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">wings</emphasis>
short and broadly rounded, with distinctively recurved and emarginated primaries with broader trailing vane, primaries 10, with p10 well-developed, p6=p5&gt; p4&gt; p3&gt; p7;
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FB0EF89DFA09F8FA" box="[1260,1436,1840,1865]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">humeral fossae</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6EA842FF42F8F9FF68F8DE" authorityName="Schlegel. The" authorityYear="1871" box="[160,253,1876,1901]" class="Aves" family="Corcoracidae" genus="Melampitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FF42F8F9FF68F8DE" box="[160,253,1876,1901]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) single, very deep but hardly trabeculated, the
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FCC5F8F8FC4DF8DF" box="[807,984,1877,1900]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">incisura capitis</emphasis>
moderately deep and developed into a shallow tricipital depression, ventral tubercle squared and protuberant, and pectoral crest atrophied;
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FACEF8D5FAC4F822" box="[1324,1361,1912,1937]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">tail</emphasis>
plain, round-tipped, short or moderately long, tail/wing ratio 0.58–0.70 (
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6EA842FC62F831FC48F806" authorityName="Schlegel. The" authorityYear="1871" box="[896,989,1948,1973]" class="Aves" family="Corcoracidae" genus="Melampitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FC62F831FC48F806" box="[896,989,1948,1973]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 0.80–0.90 (
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6EA842FB94F830FB4DF807" authorityName=", Diamond" authorityYear="1983" box="[1142,1240,1949,1972]" class="Aves" family="Corcoracidae" genus="Melampitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigantea">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FB94F830FB4DF807" box="[1142,1240,1949,1972]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">gigantea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the rectrices 12 (perhaps
<quantity id="4C919B465B6EA842FF1DF86DFEACF86A" box="[255,313,1984,2009]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" unit="in" value="10.0">10 in</quantity>
some populations of
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6EA842FDCEF86CFD20F86B" authorityName=", Diamond" authorityYear="1983" box="[556,693,1985,2008]" class="Aves" family="Corcoracidae" genus="Melampitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigantea">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FDCEF86CFD20F86B" box="[556,693,1985,2008]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">M. gigantea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), straight-sided without terminal flaring, shallowly acute or spiny at tips;
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B69A845FF0DFF3AFE82FF03" box="[239,279,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">feet</emphasis>
large, the tarsi booted, long and slender (
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B69A845FCE2FF3AFCC8FF03" authorityName="Schlegel. The" authorityYear="1871" box="[768,861,151,176]" class="Aves" family="Corcoracidae" genus="Melampitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B69A845FCE2FF3AFCC8FF03" box="[768,861,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or stout (
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B69A845FC3EFF35FBABFF1C" authorityName=", Diamond" authorityYear="1983" box="[988,1086,152,175]" class="Aves" family="Corcoracidae" genus="Melampitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigantea">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B69A845FC3EFF35FBABFF1C" box="[988,1086,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">gigantea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B69A845FBBBFF34FB1EFF03" box="[1113,1163,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Nest</emphasis>
a ‘suspended basket of vines’ (
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B69A845FF0CFF10FEC5FF67" authorityName=", Diamond" authorityYear="1983" box="[238,336,189,212]" class="Aves" family="Corcoracidae" genus="Melampitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigantea">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B69A845FF0CFF10FEC5FF67" box="[238,336,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">gigantea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or bulky dome with a side-entrance, of densely interwoven rootlets, tendrils and fronds, lined with a thick cup of fern hairs and scales, camouflaged externally with interwoven green bryophytes, and inserted in the side of a tree-fern trunk or bound among upright fern stems
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B69A845FC8EFEA8FCEAFEAF" box="[876,895,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">c.</emphasis>
<quantity id="4C919B465B69A845FC65FEA9FC76FEA8" box="[903,995,260,285]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" unit="m" value="2.25" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–3 m</quantity>
above the ground (
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B69A845FB23FEA9FA8BFEAE" authorityName="Schlegel. The" authorityYear="1871" box="[1217,1310,260,285]" class="Aves" family="Corcoracidae" genus="Melampitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B69A845FB23FEA9FA8BFEAE" box="[1217,1310,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B69A845FAD5FEA8FAEAFEAF" box="[1335,1407,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">eggs c</emphasis>
. 1 per clutch, chalky white, sparsely marked all over with spots and small blotches of black, grey and purplish-grey, usually concentrated at the larger end, sometimes forming a zone (
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B69A845FC70FEE1FC7AFED6" authorityName="Schlegel. The" authorityYear="1871" box="[914,1007,332,357]" class="Aves" family="Corcoracidae" genus="Melampitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B69A845FC70FEE1FC7AFED6" box="[914,1007,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Terrestrial, forest-living omnivores, foraging by hopping and running, probing, litter-tossing and digging (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B69A845FC41FEC2FBF8FE3B" author="Coates, B. J." box="[931,1133,367,392]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" refId="ref16365" refString="Coates, B. J. (1990) The Birds of Papua New Guinea. Vol. 2. Dove Publications, Alderley, Queensland, 576 pp." type="book" year="1990">Coates 1990: 418</bibRefCitation>
); apparently monogamous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636A35B69A845FF25FE39FE4CFE46" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B69A845FF25FE39FE73FE1E" bold="true" box="[199,486,404,429]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" reason="1">Range and composition.</emphasis>
Hill to montane rainforests of New
<collectingCountry id="F37E76335B69A845FC9EFE39FC44FE1E" box="[892,977,404,429]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Guinea</collectingCountry>
; two genera:
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B69A845FB84FE39FA02FE1E" authority="Schlegel, 1871" authorityName="Schlegel" authorityYear="1871" box="[1126,1431,404,429]" class="Aves" family="Corcoracidae" genus="Melampitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B69A845FB84FE39FB72FE1E" box="[1126,1255,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Melampitta</emphasis>
Schlegel, 1871
</taxonomicName>
, of one species:
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B69A845FEACFE14FD1FFE63" authority="Schlegel, 1871" authorityName="Schlegel. The" authorityYear="1871" box="[334,650,439,464]" class="Aves" family="Corcoracidae" genus="Melampitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B69A845FEACFE14FE46FE63" box="[334,467,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">M. lugubris</emphasis>
Schlegel, 1871
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B69A845FD7BFE1AFBAEFE63" authority="Schodde &amp; Christidis" authorityName="Schoddei &amp; Christidis" authorityYear="2014" box="[665,1083,439,464]" class="Aves" family="Melampittidae" genus="Megalampitta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B69A845FD7BFE1AFCA3FE63" box="[665,822,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Megalampitta</emphasis>
Schodde &amp; Christidis
</taxonomicName>
, this work, of one species:
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B69A845FA9FFE14FE40FE46" authority="(Rothschild, 1899)" baseAuthorityName="Rothschild" baseAuthorityYear="1899" class="Aves" family="Corcoracidae" genus="Melampitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigantea">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B69A845FA9FFE14FF6CFE47" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">M. gigantea</emphasis>
(Rothschild, 1899)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37365285B69A845FF25FE52FD06FB86" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD636A35B69A845FF25FE52FD06FB86" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B69A845FF25FE52FED1FDAB" bold="true" box="[199,324,511,536]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" reason="1">Comment.</emphasis>
Relationships between
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B69A845FD8AFE52FCC0FDAB" authorityName="Schlegel. The" authorityYear="1871" box="[616,853,511,536]" class="Aves" family="Corcoracidae" genus="Melampitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B69A845FD8AFE52FCC0FDAB" box="[616,853,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Melampitta lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B69A845FC7FFE52FB3EFDA4" baseAuthorityName="Rothschild" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[925,1195,511,536]" class="Aves" family="Melampittidae" genus="Megalampitta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigantea">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B69A845FC7FFE52FB3EFDA4" box="[925,1195,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Megalampitta gigantea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are unresolved.
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B69A845FA9FFDACFF6CFD8F" baseAuthorityName="Rothschild" baseAuthorityYear="1899" class="Aves" family="Melampittidae" genus="Megalampitta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigantea">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B69A845FA9FFDACFF6CFD8F" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">M. gigantea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is over twice the bulk of
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B69A845FDF6FD88FD03FD8E" authorityName="Schlegel. The" authorityYear="1871" box="[532,662,548,573]" class="Aves" family="Corcoracidae" genus="Melampitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B69A845FDF6FD88FD03FD8E" box="[532,662,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">M. lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, has a much longer tail, proportionally shorter and much stouter feet, and stiffened remiges and rectrices with spiny tips that are accentuated by abrasion; and on the alula is a small bony spur of unknown function (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B69A845FE3CFDC1FD04FD36" author="Diamond, J. M." box="[478,657,620,645]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" pagination="89 - 91" refId="ref16623" refString="Diamond, J. M. (1983) Melampitta gigantea: possible relation between feather structure and underground roosting habits. Condor, 85, 89 - 91. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1367895" type="journal article" year="1983">Diamond 1983</bibRefCitation>
). Likely immatures of
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B69A845FC44FDC0FB9DFD37" baseAuthorityName="Rothschild" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[934,1032,621,644]" class="Aves" family="Melampittidae" genus="Megalampitta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigantea">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B69A845FC44FDC0FB9DFD37" box="[934,1032,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">gigantea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(AMNH 5907637
<specimenCount id="9D6FFD2A5B69A845FB0DFDC1FA93FD30" box="[1263,1286,620,643]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
, and Bishop Museum BBM 101808
<specimenCount id="9D6FFD2A5B69A845FE46FD22FE22FD1B" box="[420,439,655,680]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
) are black-hooded and reddish-brown to fuscous ventrally and over the lower back in a pattern reminiscent of adult plumage in the oriolid genus
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B69A845FCFAFD19FCFFFD7E" box="[792,874,692,717]" class="Aves" family="Oriolidae" genus="Pitohui" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B69A845FCFAFD19FCFFFD7E" box="[792,874,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Pitohui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Material of
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B69A845FC1EFD18FBCBFD7F" baseAuthorityName="Rothschild" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[1020,1118,693,716]" class="Aves" family="Melampittidae" genus="Megalampitta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigantea">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B69A845FC1EFD18FBCBFD7F" box="[1020,1118,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">gigantea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is nevertheless so limited (
<specimenCount id="9D6FFD2A5B69A845FA6FFD19FE99FD43" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="generic">6 specimens</specimenCount>
from different regions of New
<collectingCountry id="F37E76335B69A845FD97FD7AFD5DFD43" box="[629,712,727,752]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Guinea</collectingCountry>
) that sexual, age and geographic characteristics of plumage are not yet fully understood. Yet despite this, differences in size, proportions and plumage structure between ‘cinclid’- shaped
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B69A845FF0FFCB2FEDFFC8B" authorityName="Schlegel. The" authorityYear="1871" box="[237,330,799,824]" class="Aves" family="Corcoracidae" genus="Melampitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B69A845FF0FFCB2FEDFFC8B" box="[237,330,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and ‘corvid’-like
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B69A845FDFBFC8DFDEEFC84" baseAuthorityName="Rothschild" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[537,635,800,823]" class="Aves" family="Melampittidae" genus="Megalampitta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigantea">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B69A845FDFBFC8DFDEEFC84" box="[537,635,800,823]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">gigantea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are sufficient to indicate deep divergence and exploitation of different adaptive zones, a conclusion reinforced by the habit of
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B69A845FCD6FCE8FC03FCEF" baseAuthorityName="Rothschild" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[820,918,837,860]" class="Aves" family="Melampittidae" genus="Megalampitta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigantea">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B69A845FCD6FCE8FC03FCEF" box="[820,918,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">gigantea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of roosting in sinkholes (Diamond
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B69A845FAA7FCE9FAF5FCEE" box="[1349,1376,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">l.c</emphasis>
.). In syringeal musculature, moreover, the two species appear to differ as much from one another as they do from other corvoid families (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B69A845FE80FC21FE73FC16" author="Mayr, E." box="[354,486,908,933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" pagination="333 - 337" refId="ref18115" refString="Mayr, E. (1931) Die Syrinx einiger Singvogel aus Neu-Guinea. Journal fur Ornithologie, 79, 333 - 337. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 01953006" type="journal article" year="1931">Mayr 1931</bibRefCitation>
). Their territorial songs are dissimilar: a descending series of rapid, harsh ‘buzzy’ notes or single sharp chirped whistles repeated at intervals in
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B69A845FCBAFC02FC20FC7B" authorityName="Schlegel. The" authorityYear="1871" box="[856,949,943,968]" class="Aves" family="Corcoracidae" genus="Melampitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B69A845FCBAFC02FC20FC7B" box="[856,949,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B69A845FC27FC02FB31FC7B" author="Beehler, B. M. &amp; Pratt, T. K. &amp; Zimmerman, D. A." box="[965,1188,943,968]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" refId="ref15535" refString="Beehler, B. M., Pratt, T. K. &amp; Zimmerman, D. A. (1986) Birds of New Guinea. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 293 pp." type="book" year="1986">
Beehler
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B69A845FBC4FC1CFBCCFC7B" box="[1062,1113,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">et al</emphasis>
. 1986
</bibRefCitation>
; xeno-canto website), and a clear slurred double- or triple-note whistle, rising and falling in pitch and monotonously repeated, in
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B69A845FAD8FC78FA09FC5F" baseAuthorityName="Rothschild" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[1338,1436,981,1004]" class="Aves" family="Melampittidae" genus="Megalampitta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigantea">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B69A845FAD8FC78FA09FC5F" box="[1338,1436,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">gigantea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Diamond
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B69A845FEF0FC5AFEB9FBA3" box="[274,300,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">l.c</emphasis>
.; xeno-canto website). It leads us to place
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B69A845FCFEFC55FCEBFBBC" baseAuthorityName="Rothschild" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[796,894,1016,1039]" class="Aves" family="Melampittidae" genus="Megalampitta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigantea">
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B69A845FCFEFC55FCEBFBBC" box="[796,894,1016,1039]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">gigantea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its own genus and suggest that, when better known, it could justify family-group ranking.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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