146 lines
16 KiB
XML
146 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document id="C12D9D44CB2EB4EB316FC8D878D2841A" ID-CLB-Dataset="5634" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3786.5.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cdd39956-de72-43ea-afa3-cf79f805dd83" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4913561" ID-ZooBank="D2764982-F7D7-4922-BF3F-8314FE9FD869" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623171832930" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Schoddei, Richard & Christidis, Les" docDate="2014" docId="03C087B55B61A84CFF75FB59FD65FCA6" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03786p522.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3786 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Toxorhamphinae" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="506" masterDocId="FFF9FFCD5B65A849FFE2FFADFF95FFB3" masterDocTitle="Relicts from Tertiary Australasia: undescribed families and subfamilies of songbirds (Passeriformes) and their zoogeographic signal" masterLastPageNumber="522" masterPageNumber="501" pageNumber="505" updateTime="1732603359386" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="F01325B41B99A49C4A5CF773944AB969" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E2A24ADF393A719F462359EE1F1C0975">
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<mods:title id="72828072300242D07E82FE90A5ADA7E4">Relicts from Tertiary Australasia: undescribed families and subfamilies of songbirds (Passeriformes) and their zoogeographic signal</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="9FC05412E3CF038C476EDB7DE601446A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="60947FB8FDF6F8788946B80B3F6343C6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="41851EE154387651B7A2617AFAF151C6">Schoddei, Richard</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="C95D2BC7A317B5361238209296A452C9" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="0C05E444313C04B7F66064B463C47D06">
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<mods:roleTerm id="11CF6D87E4D67218FEE443C4782D2FE0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="661C50C6EFBB71A12BED348A6BE69418">Christidis, Les</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6A210E26DCB2EA5CD6328ED37E824ADB">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="03B2255D9D51033DA66BE879E6455115">
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<mods:title id="DE57B92C625B5D128359071C57AA4DFC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="CA3EDB1258899BAAC819FF446E32487A">
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<mods:date id="FF778921C6BF150846474F336C6A405C">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="1AAE18FF4F14F59E63C10427680BBA72" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="86F7CDE681D61D58A4D20A01EDD2C3C2">2014-04-14</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="0474355D5EFF6A2417706A4E1F7BAFAF" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="C2B0F3FCBC55C98887FF44F81CCEC0C0">3786</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="E282DF9545CB58F1591A8537FBE77DE2" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="F8DAC07E34E752CCB14C5594301C1047">5</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="80BF55B3533D90FC1AB067B8A7F3920E">501</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="AB81C82C5B4B21B093E8A0CD1113EF5D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="645D6C12CA78768CC15085AEC65212A8" type="CLB-Dataset">5634</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A9F16D5E35C8CE819A2590AEFC5BEB42" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3786.5.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DC8CE061267F7432FA42AD3014F8FECE" type="GBIF-Dataset">cdd39956-de72-43ea-afa3-cf79f805dd83</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DC824CC482CE436DA702E9502FBC6125" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BDED6078283E5EDF90CD01AC228C7514" type="Zenodo-Dep">4913561</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03C087B55B61A84CFF75FB59FD65FCA6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5079448" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183401450" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5079448" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C087B55B61A84CFF75FB59FD65FCA6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C087B55B61A84CFF75FB59FD65FCA6" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="506" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" scope_genus="Toxorhamphus" scope_order="Passeriformes">
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<subSubSection id="C37365285B61A84DFF75FB59FC6FFABD" box="[151,1018,1268,1294]" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD636A35B61A84DFF75FB59FC6FFABD" blockId="4.[151,1018,1268,1294]" box="[151,1018,1268,1294]" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">
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<heading id="D09E81CF5B61A84DFF75FB59FC6FFABD" bold="true" box="[151,1018,1268,1294]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B61A84DFF75FB59FC6FFABD" bold="true" box="[151,1018,1268,1294]" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">
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Subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B61A84DFEFDFB59FE62FABD" authority="SCHODDEI & CHRISTIDIS" box="[287,503,1268,1294]" class="Aves" family="Oreoicidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Toxorhamphinae">Toxorhamphinae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B61A84DFDE1FB59FD53FABD" bold="true" box="[515,710,1268,1294]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">subfamilia nova</emphasis>
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―tube-tongued longbills
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37365285B61A84DFF75FA97FDFAFAE3" box="[151,623,1338,1360]" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8BD636A35B61A84DFF75FA97FDFAFAE3" blockId="4.[151,623,1338,1360]" box="[151,623,1338,1360]" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B61A84DFF75FA97FE8CFAE3" bold="true" box="[151,281,1338,1360]" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">
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<typeStatus id="54D288015B61A84DFF75FA97FF59FAE3" box="[151,204,1338,1360]" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">Type</typeStatus>
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genus:
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B61A84DFEFDFA97FDFAFAE3" ID-CoL="63VZ9" authority="Stresemann, 1914" authorityName="Stresemann" authorityYear="1914" box="[287,623,1338,1360]" class="Aves" family="Melanocharitidae" genus="Toxorhamphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B61A84DFEFDFA97FE21FAE3" box="[287,436,1338,1360]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">Toxorhamphus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B61A84DFE58FA97FDFAFAE3" author="Stresemann, E." box="[442,623,1338,1360]" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" pagination="358 - 400" refId="ref19899" refString="Stresemann, E. (1914) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Avifauna von Buru. Novitates Zoologicae, 21, 358 - 400." type="journal article" year="1914">Stresemann, 1914</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37365285B61A84CFF75FAD0FD65FCA6" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="506" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BD636A35B61A84CFF75FAD0FB08FDD3" blockId="4.[151,1436,1405,2006]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,789]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="506" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B61A84DFF75FAD0FE84FA25" bold="true" box="[151,273,1405,1430]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505" reason="1">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Small, plain citrine-yellow and grey songbirds with extremely long curved bills, broad wings, short white-tipped tails and indistinct, finely-feathered periorbital rings;
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B61A84DFC64FA0FFC54FA0A" box="[902,961,1442,1465]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">sexes</emphasis>
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monomorphic except for smaller, shortertailed females;
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B61A84DFEA0FA68FEEDFA6D" box="[322,376,1477,1502]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">head</emphasis>
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slender with tight neck skin, the
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B61A84DFD0EFA68FC84FA6D" box="[748,785,1477,1502]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">bill</emphasis>
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attenuated and decurved but straight-sided and narrowing only towards tip, uniformly black, tomia microscopically dentate distally with fine, even tuberculate teeth that, on the maxilla, are formed compoundly on broader shallow serrations, narial depression elongate elliptic, with inoperculate, holorhinal and internally fully pervious nostrils opening externally in a long, meliphagid-like slit along ventral margin of narial depression, rictal bristles undeveloped;
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B61A84DFC4CF9FBFBFCF9DE" box="[942,1129,1622,1645]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">corneous tongue</emphasis>
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a long slender tube, with a lipped bowl at the base and a shallowly and serrately quadrifid tip in which the medial furcation is much shallower than the two lateral furcations and their four lobes are terminally truncate and serrately toothed on the outer margins only―the teeth overlap one another and interlock immediately behind the tips of the lobes to form the distal section of the tongue tube which can then open and close progressively at the tip under controlled pressure from behind;
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B61A84DFED3F8A4FEF3F891" box="[305,358,1801,1826]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">skull</emphasis>
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with fully perforate interorbital septum except for vestigial medial bar, thickened, well-winged ectethmoids that reach the jugal bar, an aperturate palate with truncated, multi-tipped vomer, filamentous, spathuloid-tipped maxillo-palatines, slender palatines with shelf expanded distally through extension of transpalatine processes, and small, shallow and moderately-defined temporal fossae flanked by short, ellipsoid postorbital processes projecting ventrally and long, spine-like zygomatic processes projecting anteriorly;
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B61A84DFAA0F837FA09F802" box="[1346,1436,1946,1969]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">sternum</emphasis>
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rectangular and moderately narrow, with deep keel
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B61A84DFD31F813FD4AF866" box="[723,735,1982,2005]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">c</emphasis>
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. 1 x sternum width, lateral trabeculae slender,
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B61A84DFB0BF813FB60F866" box="[1257,1269,1982,2005]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="505">c</emphasis>
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. ⅓–½ x length of sternum, hardly flared at tips, sternal rostrum short and deeply bilaterally compressed;
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B60A84CFB35FF35FA8DFF1C" box="[1239,1304,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">wings</emphasis>
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broad and moderately rounded, primaries 10 with p10 well-developed and rather broad, p7–p6 longest, and p8=p5;
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B60A84CFADCFF11FF48FF4B" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">humeral fossae</emphasis>
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near single, with deep, trabeculated outer fossa and distinct, if shallow, tricipital fossa, the
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B60A84CFB0FFF4DFA09FF44" box="[1261,1436,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">incisura capitis</emphasis>
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rather deep, ventral tubercle much protuberant, and pectoral crest long and decurrent below fossae;
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B60A84CFAE7FEA9FABFFEAE" box="[1285,1322,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">tail</emphasis>
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short and square-tipped, tail/wing ratio
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B60A84CFE0EFE84FE6DFEF3" box="[492,504,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">c</emphasis>
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. (0.47–)0.50–0.54(–0.58), the rectrices 12, straight-sided with rounded tips;
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B60A84CFA96FE8AFA09FEF3" box="[1396,1436,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">feet</emphasis>
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short, with rather slender toes and scutellate-laminiplantar tarsi, the scutes angled obliquely across the acrotarsus.
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B60A84CFF75FEDCFF5CFE3B" box="[151,201,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">Nest</emphasis>
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a neat, closely and smoothly woven perched cup of fine plant fiber, lined with a dense felt of white plant down, finely and smoothly walled over the outside with camouflaging green bryophytes, algae, cobweb and sometimes white spider egg sacs, and bound at the base to the top of a narrow horizontal twig or fork in shrubbery
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B60A84CFF75FE70FF36FE47" box="[151,163,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">c</emphasis>
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.
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<quantity id="4C919B465B60A84CFF51FE71FF69FE40" box="[179,252,476,501]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" unit="m" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 m</quantity>
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above ground;
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B60A84CFE53FE70FE71FE47" box="[433,484,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">eggs</emphasis>
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1 per clutch, ovoid, matt pale greyish blue sprinkled sparsely with fine pale red to purplish-red spots concentrated at the larger end. Versatile, forest-living nectarivores and insectivores of forest lower stages, probing and gleaning actively, nervously and acrobatically up to forest mid-stages, flying swiftly and directly between sites and calling with repeated tweeting in flight; apparently monogamous.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD636A35B60A84CFF25FDC1FDD2FD7E" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B60A84CFF25FDC1FE62FD36" bold="true" box="[199,503,620,645]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" reason="1">Range and composition.</emphasis>
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Lowland to montane rainforests of New
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<collectingCountry id="F37E76335B60A84CFC1CFDC1FBC6FD36" box="[1022,1107,620,645]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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; one genus:
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B60A84CFB15FDC1FEF2FD1B" authority="Stresemann, 1914" authorityName="Stresemann" authorityYear="1914" class="Aves" family="Melanocharitidae" genus="Toxorhamphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B60A84CFB15FDC1FA09FD36" box="[1271,1436,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">Toxorhamphus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B60A84CFF75FD22FEF2FD1B" author="Stresemann, E." box="[151,359,655,680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" pagination="358 - 400" refId="ref19899" refString="Stresemann, E. (1914) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Avifauna von Buru. Novitates Zoologicae, 21, 358 - 400." type="journal article" year="1914">Stresemann, 1914</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, of two species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B60A84CFDD7FD3CFC39FD1B" authority="(Lesson, 1827)" baseAuthorityName="Lesson" baseAuthorityYear="1827" box="[565,940,655,680]" class="Aves" family="Melanocharitidae" genus="Toxorhamphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="novaeguineae">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B60A84CFDD7FD3CFD64FD14" box="[565,753,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">T. novaeguineae</emphasis>
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(Lesson, 1827)
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</taxonomicName>
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, lowland New
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<collectingCountry id="F37E76335B60A84CFB86FD22FB2DFD1B" box="[1124,1208,655,680]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B60A84CFB1EFD3CFEAAFD7E" authority="(Sharpe, 1882)" baseAuthorityName="Sharpe" baseAuthorityYear="1882" class="Aves" family="Melanocharitidae" genus="Toxorhamphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poliopterus">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B60A84CFB1EFD3CFA0EFD1B" box="[1276,1435,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">T. poliopterus</emphasis>
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(Sharpe, 1882)
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</taxonomicName>
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, montane New
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<collectingCountry id="F37E76335B60A84CFE0CFD19FDD6FD7E" box="[494,579,692,717]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD636A35B60A84CFF25FD7AFD65FCA6" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="506">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B60A84CFF25FD7AFEFFFD43" bold="true" box="[199,362,727,752]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="506" reason="1">Group name.</emphasis>
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The term “tube-tongued longbill” expresses an obvious and easily identified family-group difference from the plumed longbills, Oedisomatinae.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |