384 lines
48 KiB
XML
384 lines
48 KiB
XML
<document id="4276B184DC80AAE469EDA2E2125C9A5A" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.187789" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6593e89a-9c63-4584-9a5f-f70993e32d31" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="187789" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461074088346" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Van, Rob W. M." docDate="2009" docId="03C087B0AE72FFE5FF1FFD0AD915FD98" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02107p040.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2107" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Clathria (Thalysias) collosclera Van, 2009, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="FFF9FFC8AE7DFFF7FF88FFB3D87CFF96" masterDocTitle="New sciophilous sponges from the Caribbean (Porifera: Demospongiae)" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="16" updateTime="1698585844262" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="11741B48B73F178CC9A3C224B11228AC" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="3B8270368E69653D8C5C32034DF41B7D">
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<mods:title id="4712E871FD1A90ADF83797C1630824A3">New sciophilous sponges from the Caribbean (Porifera: Demospongiae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="1ADE7C06872ED05C19DD7B46704041E8" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4E1615D6699AAFAD89D3F7DFDBAA837D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="1E7854AC2595FA91CB1CB253EFAF83A1">Van, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="4747A9DEB373A79AE832E7D63375730F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="D0DC548BC0A30899C4C663E26C108025">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="7EFF64A74163C8F7476E91F2F8402CED">
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<mods:date id="E50FDA02CEBAE9005A725BB6746F07A5">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="FDC6CCBC74EA84562A6ED3528C9B722D" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="F15081960EF49F13BD512B83D335F108">2107</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="05BD252F164B4CEA1B63ECB6A0453B39">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="572ACA00AA149B82007968A24C4C6C0D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="D8BE1E7FD96C7F6EA24835CC30062826" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.187789</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4FF49540A1E8CA2D267EB3D21768039B" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="947817CC39E0B59480A4123C7DBF03EE" type="Zenodo-Dep">187789</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C087B0AE72FFE5FF1FFD0AD915FD98" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6221856" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119617450" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6221856" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C087B0AE72FFE5FF1FFD0AD915FD98" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C087B0AE72FFE5FF1FFD0AD915FD98" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<subSubSection id="C373652DAE72FFF8FF1FFD0AD95CFD60" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE72FFF8FF1FFD0ADA22FD44" blockId="15.[151,606,696,758]" box="[151,606,696,723]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<heading id="D09E81CAAE72FFF8FF1FFD0ADA22FD44" bold="true" box="[151,606,696,723]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE72FFF8FF1FFD0ADA22FD44" bold="true" box="[151,606,696,723]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE72FFF8FF1FFD0ADA68FD45" ID-CoL="VSD2" box="[151,532,697,723]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="collosclera" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Thalysias">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE72FFF8FF1FFD0ADA68FD45" bold="true" box="[151,532,697,723]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Clathria (Thalysias) collosclera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57CFAE72FFF8FD93FD0BDA22FD44" box="[539,606,696,722]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE72FFF8FF1FFD6FD95CFD60" blockId="15.[151,606,696,758]" box="[151,288,732,758]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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(
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||
<figureCitation id="13522A23AE72FFF8FF17FD6FD894FD60" box="[159,232,732,758]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="16.[151,259,1899,1923]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,467,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,467,1864]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 6. Clathria (Thalysias) collosclera n. sp., SEM images of spicules (Holotype ZMA Por. 16880). A – B. Choanosomal style and details of head and apex; C – D. Larger subectosomal subtylostyle and details of head and apex; E – F. Small ectosomal subtylostyle and details of head and apex; G. Acanthostyle; H. Toxa; I. Various inividual colloscleres (left) and – possibly artefactual – merged colloscleres." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187795/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs 6</figureCitation>
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A–I)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C373652DAE72FFF8FF1FFC9BDA52FC21" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE72FFF8FF1FFC9BDA4AFCFC" blockId="15.[151,1437,808,2034]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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||
<typeStatus id="54D28804AE72FFF8FF1FFC9BD975FCD4" box="[151,265,808,834]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">
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||
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE72FFF8FF1FFC9BD975FCD4" bold="true" box="[151,265,808,834]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Holotype</emphasis>
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</typeStatus>
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.
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<collectionCode id="ED78AE63AE72FFF8FE90FC9AD925FCD5" box="[280,345,809,835]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ZMA</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="ED78AE63AE72FFF8FEE8FC9AD9E1FCD5" box="[352,413,809,835]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">POR</collectionCode>
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. 16880,
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<collectingCountry id="F37E7636AE72FFF8FD89FC9ADA1AFCD5" box="[513,614,809,835]" name="Curaçao" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
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, in front of Carmabi,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE5D5061AE72FFF8FCECFC9ADBAAFCD5" box="[868,982,809,835]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="55" value="12.124">12.124°N</geoCoordinate>
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-
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D5061AE72FFF8FC6DFC9ADC23FCD5" box="[997,1119,809,835]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="55" value="-68.975">68.975°W</geoCoordinate>
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, reef cavities at approx.
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<quantity id="4C919B43AE72FFF8FAF7FC9AD8CDFCFC" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
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, 10-2001, coll. S.Scheffers, # 18.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE72FFF8FF1FFCC5DA52FC21" blockId="15.[151,1437,808,2034]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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||
<typeStatus id="54D28804AE72FFF8FF1FFCC5D975FC06" box="[151,265,886,912]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="paratype">
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||
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE72FFF8FF1FFCC5D975FC06" bold="true" box="[151,265,886,912]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Paratype</emphasis>
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</typeStatus>
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.
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<collectionCode id="ED78AE63AE72FFF8FE90FCC5D925FC06" box="[280,345,886,912]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ZMA</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="ED78AE63AE72FFF8FEE8FCC5D9E1FC06" box="[352,413,886,912]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">POR</collectionCode>
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. 16881,
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<collectingCountry id="F37E7636AE72FFF8FD89FCC5DA1AFC06" box="[513,614,886,912]" name="Curaçao" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
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, in front of Carmabi,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE5D5061AE72FFF8FCECFCC5DBAAFC06" box="[868,982,886,912]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="55" value="12.124">12.124°N</geoCoordinate>
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-
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<geoCoordinate id="EE5D5061AE72FFF8FC6DFCC5DC23FC06" box="[997,1119,886,912]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="55" value="-68.975">68.975°W</geoCoordinate>
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, reef cavities at approx.
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<quantity id="4C919B43AE72FFF8FAF7FCC5D8CDFC21" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
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, 10-2001, coll. S.Scheffers # 19.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C373652DAE72FFF8FF4DFC70DCC7F8A6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE72FFF8FF4DFC70DCA2FBBD" blockId="15.[151,1437,808,2034]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE72FFF8FF4DFC70D924FC4B" bold="true" box="[197,344,963,989]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Description</emphasis>
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. Thinly encrusting sponge, size of
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<typeStatus id="54D28804AE72FFF8FD77FC77DB1BFC48" box="[767,871,964,990]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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5
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<date id="FFD71066AE72FFF8FC0FFC77DB84FC48" box="[903,1016,964,990]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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x 8 x
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<quantity id="4C919B43AE72FFF8FC44FC77DB84FC48" box="[972,1016,964,990]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2</quantity>
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</date>
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mm,
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<typeStatus id="54D28804AE72FFF8FBB7FC77DCD9FC48" box="[1087,1189,964,990]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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even smaller. It was found growing in the interstices of encrusting coralline algae and bryozans without forming large patches. Color red alive, beige in alcohol. Surface microhispid, consistency very soft, easily damaged.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE72FFF8FF4DFB84D936FAAC" blockId="15.[151,1437,808,2034]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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||
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE72FFF8FF4DFB84D94EFBC7" bold="true" box="[197,306,1079,1105]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Skeleton</emphasis>
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||
. Plumose with discrete spicular columns rising up from a basal spongin plate on the substrate and fanning out at the surface in characteristic bouquets. Columns consist, from the substrate upwards successively of 3–5 principal styles, recognizable as the longest and thickest of the megascleres, gradually replaced by 10 or more auxiliary subectosomal subtylostyles, which in turn carry the surface bouquets of smaller ectosomal subtylostyles. The base of the columns is echinated by small auxiliary acanthostyles. Colloscleres are densely distributed throughout the choanosome and the ectosomal region, without distinct concentrations.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE72FFF8FF4DFAF5DA88FA11" blockId="15.[151,1437,808,2034]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE72FFF8FF4DFAF5D951FAF6" bold="true" box="[197,301,1350,1376]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Spicules</emphasis>
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. Choanosomal principal styles, two categories of auxiliary ectosomal subtylostyles, echinating acanthostyles, toxas, colloscleres, no proper chelae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE72FFF8FF4DFA27DC07F9DE" blockId="15.[151,1437,808,2034]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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Principal styles (
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<figureCitation id="13522A23AE72FFF8FE07FA27D9A0FA38" box="[399,476,1428,1454]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="16.[151,259,1899,1923]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,467,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,467,1864]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 6. Clathria (Thalysias) collosclera n. sp., SEM images of spicules (Holotype ZMA Por. 16880). A – B. Choanosomal style and details of head and apex; C – D. Larger subectosomal subtylostyle and details of head and apex; E – F. Small ectosomal subtylostyle and details of head and apex; G. Acanthostyle; H. Toxa; I. Various inividual colloscleres (left) and – possibly artefactual – merged colloscleres." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187795/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs 6</figureCitation>
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A–B), entirely smooth, somewhat fusiform (the rounded end less thick than the upper part of the shaft), sharply and gradually pointed, 237-
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE72FFF8FCF9FA08DBC9FA42" box="[881,949,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">320.7</emphasis>
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-423
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<date id="FFD71066AE72FFF8FC7CFA09DC67FA42" box="[1012,1051,1466,1492]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">x 3</date>
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-
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE72FFF8FBADFA08DC36FA42" box="[1061,1098,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">4.8</emphasis>
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-7 µm. Subectosomal larger auxiliary subtylostyles (Figs C–D), entirely smooth, thin, with faintly swollen head, 219-
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE72FFF8FB38FA52DC8EFA6C" box="[1200,1266,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">244.5</emphasis>
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-303
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<date id="FFD71066AE72FFF8FAB8FA52DD2AFA6D" box="[1328,1366,1505,1531]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">x 2</date>
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-
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE72FFF8FAD7FA52DDF8FA6C" box="[1375,1412,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">2.3</emphasis>
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-3 µm, and ectosomal small auxiliary subtylostyles (
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<figureCitation id="13522A23AE72FFF8FD51F9BBDB5EF9B4" box="[729,802,1544,1570]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="16.[151,259,1899,1923]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,467,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,467,1864]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 6. Clathria (Thalysias) collosclera n. sp., SEM images of spicules (Holotype ZMA Por. 16880). A – B. Choanosomal style and details of head and apex; C – D. Larger subectosomal subtylostyle and details of head and apex; E – F. Small ectosomal subtylostyle and details of head and apex; G. Acanthostyle; H. Toxa; I. Various inividual colloscleres (left) and – possibly artefactual – merged colloscleres." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187795/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs 6</figureCitation>
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E–F), entirely smooth, thin, with faintly swollen head, 96-
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE72FFF8FF36F99CD882F9DE" box="[190,254,1583,1608]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">113.3</emphasis>
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-156 x 0.5-
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE72FFF8FEF7F99CD9DFF9DE" box="[383,419,1583,1608]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">1.0</emphasis>
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-1.5 µm. Echinating acanthostyles 42-
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE72FFF8FCEAF99CDBE9F9DE" box="[866,917,1583,1608]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">52.1</emphasis>
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-
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<date id="FFD71066AE72FFF8FC16F99DDBAFF9DE" box="[926,979,1582,1608]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1966-10">66 x</date>
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3.5-
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE72FFF8FB80F99CDC51F9DE" box="[1032,1069,1583,1608]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">4.4</emphasis>
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-5 µm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE72FFF8FF4DF9E6DD25F89C" blockId="15.[151,1437,808,2034]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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Microscleres toxas (
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<figureCitation id="13522A23AE72FFF8FE30F9E6DA7CF9F9" box="[440,512,1621,1647]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="16.[151,259,1899,1923]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,467,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,467,1864]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 6. Clathria (Thalysias) collosclera n. sp., SEM images of spicules (Holotype ZMA Por. 16880). A – B. Choanosomal style and details of head and apex; C – D. Larger subectosomal subtylostyle and details of head and apex; E – F. Small ectosomal subtylostyle and details of head and apex; G. Acanthostyle; H. Toxa; I. Various inividual colloscleres (left) and – possibly artefactual – merged colloscleres." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187795/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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||
H), bow-shaped, shallow-curved, fairly thick, entirely smooth, not abundant, 92-
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE72FFF8FF36F9CFD97DF903" box="[190,257,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">106.8</emphasis>
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||
-126 µm, and bean-shaped colloscleres (
|
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<figureCitation id="13522A23AE72FFF8FD6EF9CFDB52F900" box="[742,814,1660,1686]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="16.[151,259,1899,1923]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,467,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,467,1864]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 6. Clathria (Thalysias) collosclera n. sp., SEM images of spicules (Holotype ZMA Por. 16880). A – B. Choanosomal style and details of head and apex; C – D. Larger subectosomal subtylostyle and details of head and apex; E – F. Small ectosomal subtylostyle and details of head and apex; G. Acanthostyle; H. Toxa; I. Various inividual colloscleres (left) and – possibly artefactual – merged colloscleres." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187795/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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||
Fig.
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<date id="FFD71066AE72FFF8FC96F9CFDB52F900" box="[798,814,1660,1686]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">6</date>
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</figureCitation>
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I), hollow, faintly reminiscent of chela-shape but no clear alae or shaft can be detected, surface appears smooth under the light microscope, but is slightly wrinkled under SEM (possibly artefactual), 11-
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE72FFF8FDDAF97ADAF9F974" box="[594,645,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">12.8</emphasis>
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-15 µm; occasionally clusters occur consisting of two, three up to a dozen of colloscleres, possibly artefactual, as they appear to be rare or absent in the teased preparations.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE72FFF8FF4DF8A5DCC7F8A6" blockId="15.[151,1437,808,2034]" box="[197,1211,1814,1840]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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||
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE72FFF8FF4DF8A5D95AF8A6" bold="true" box="[197,294,1814,1840]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ecology</emphasis>
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. Shallow depth, reef cavity dweller, encrusting coralline algae and bryozoans.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C373652DAE72FFF8FF4DF88EDB7DF8C1" box="[197,769,1853,1879]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE72FFF8FF4DF88EDB7DF8C1" blockId="15.[151,1437,808,2034]" box="[197,769,1853,1879]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE72FFF8FF4DF88ED936F8C1" bold="true" box="[197,330,1853,1879]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. Named for the peculiar colloscleres.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C373652DAE72FFE5FF4DF8D0D915FD98" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE72FFE7FF4DF8D0D8A2FE0C" blockId="15.[151,1437,808,2034]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1436,152,410]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE72FFF8FF4DF8D0D940F8EB" bold="true" box="[197,316,1891,1917]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. The subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE72FFF8FD8AF8D7DA05F8EB" box="[514,633,1892,1917]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Thalysias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clionaida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE72FFF8FD8AF8D7DA05F8EB" box="[514,633,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Thalysias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has seven junior synonyms (cf. Hooper, 2002), among which is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE72FFF8FF1FF838D990F833" authority="Dendy (1922)" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1922" box="[151,492,1931,1957]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Colloclathria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE72FFF8FF1FF838D945F832" box="[151,313,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Colloclathria</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B57AE72FFF8FEC9F838D990F833" author="Dendy" box="[321,492,1931,1957]" pageId="15" pageNumber="37" refString="Dendy, A. (1922) Report on the Sigmatotetraxonida collected by H. M. S. ' Sealark' in the Indian Ocean. In: Reports of the Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Indian Ocean in 1905, Volume 7. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, (2) 18 (1), 1 - 164." type="journal article" year="1922">Dendy (1922)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a so far monotypical genus erected for a ramose sponge from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37E7636AE72FFF8FA9CF838DDE4F833" box="[1300,1432,1931,1957]" name="Seychelles" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE72FFF8FF1FF802DA30F85D" authority="Dendy (1922)" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1922" box="[151,588,1969,1995]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Colloclathria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ramosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE72FFF8FF1FF802D9E5F85C" box="[151,409,1969,1994]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Colloclathria ramosa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B57AE72FFF8FE2AF802DA30F85D" author="Dendy" box="[418,588,1969,1995]" pageId="15" pageNumber="37" refString="Dendy, A. (1922) Report on the Sigmatotetraxonida collected by H. M. S. ' Sealark' in the Indian Ocean. In: Reports of the Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Indian Ocean in 1905, Volume 7. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, (2) 18 (1), 1 - 164." type="journal article" year="1922">Dendy (1922)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with peculiar 'grain-of-rice' microscleres, among an otherwise typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE72FFF8FF1FF86BD9F2F867" authority="(Thalysias)" baseAuthorityName="Thalysias" box="[151,398,2008,2033]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE72FFF8FF1FF86BD9F2F867" box="[151,398,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Clathria (Thalysias)</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spicule complement and skeleton.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B57AE72FFF8FCB3F86BDB9BF864" author="Hooper" box="[827,999,2008,2034]" pageId="15" pageNumber="37" refString="Hooper, J. N. A. (1996 a) Revision of Microcionidae (Porifera: Poecilosclerida: Demospongiae), with description of Australian species. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 40, 1 - 626." type="journal article" year="1996">Hooper (1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B57AE72FFF8FC7DF86BDC3EF864" author="Hooper" box="[1013,1090,2008,2034]" pageId="15" pageNumber="37" refString="Hooper, J. N. A. (2002 b) Family Microcionidae Carter, 1875. Pp. 432 - 468. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & Van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.) Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges, 1. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow." type="journal article" year="2002" yearSuffix="b">2002b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) concluded that the peculiar microscleres are derivates of isochelae and assumed they were extremes of a hypertrophied chela-type called 'cleistochelae', in which both frontal alae meet and the shaft extends with a ridge or plate to fill up the space between the alae. Such microscleres are not uncommon in various apparently unrelated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE6DFFE7FB2FFF56DD77FF68" box="[1191,1291,229,254]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6DFFE7FB2FFF56DD77FF68" box="[1191,1291,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Clathria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE6DFFE7FACDFF56DDE0FF68" box="[1349,1436,229,254]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6DFFE7FACDFF56DDE0FF68" box="[1349,1436,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Mycale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. Because of this and also because
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE6DFFE7FD03FEBFDB56FEB3" box="[651,810,268,293]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Colloclathria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6DFFE7FD03FEBFDB56FEB3" box="[651,810,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Colloclathria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
so far was monotypical, the species was assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE6DFFE7FF1FFE81D9F4FEDA" authority="(Thalysias)" baseAuthorityName="Thalysias" box="[151,392,306,332]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6DFFE7FF1FFE81D907FEDD" box="[151,379,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Clathria (Thalysias</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The combination
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE6DFFE7FDEBFE81DB59FEDD" box="[611,805,306,331]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ramosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6DFFE7FDEBFE81DB59FEDD" box="[611,805,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Clathria ramosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was already occupied by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE6DFFE7FBDDFE81DD7CFEDD" box="[1109,1280,306,331]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ramosa" subGenus="Thalysias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6DFFE7FBDDFE81DD7CFEDD" box="[1109,1280,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C. (T.) ramosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B57AE6DFFE7FA87FE81D9CDFEE4" author="Kieschnick" pageId="16" pageNumber="38" refString="Kieschnick, O. (1896) Silicispongiae von Ternate nach den Sammlungen von Herrn Prof. Dr. W. Kukenthal. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 19 (520), 526 - 534." type="journal article" year="1896">
|
||
Kieschnick, 1896 as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE6DFFE7FF74FEEAD9CDFEE4" box="[252,433,345,370]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Rhaphidophlus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6DFFE7FF74FEEAD9CDFEE4" box="[252,433,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Rhaphidophlus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), so
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B57AE6DFFE7FE66FEEADADCFEE5" author="Hooper" box="[494,672,345,371]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" refString="Hooper, J. N. A. (1996 a) Revision of Microcionidae (Porifera: Poecilosclerida: Demospongiae), with description of Australian species. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 40, 1 - 626." type="journal article" year="1996">Hooper (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
proposed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE6DFFE7FC95FEEADCB7FEE4" box="[797,1227,345,370]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="amiranteiensis" subGenus="Thalysias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6DFFE7FC95FEEADCB7FEE4" box="[797,1227,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Clathria (Thalysias) amiranteiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a replacement name.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF16662EAE6DFFE7FF1FF8D8DB23F87C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187795/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" targetBox="[151,1436,467,1864]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE6DFFE7FF1FF8D8DB23F87C" blockId="16.[151,1437,1899,2026]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6DFFE7FF1FF8D8D965F815" bold="true" box="[151,281,1899,1923]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FIGURE 6</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE6DFFE7FEA0F8D8DAEBF814" box="[296,663,1899,1922]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="collosclera" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Thalysias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6DFFE7FEA0F8D8DAEBF814" box="[296,663,1899,1922]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Clathria (Thalysias) collosclera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57CFAE6DFFE7FD17F8D8DA9CF815" box="[671,736,1899,1923]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6DFFE7FD17F8D8DA9CF815" bold="true" box="[671,736,1899,1923]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, SEM images of spicules (Holotype ZMA Por. 16880). A–B. Choanosomal style and details of head and apex; C–D. Larger subectosomal subtylostyle and details of head and apex; E–F. Small ectosomal subtylostyle and details of head and apex; G. Acanthostyle; H. Toxa; I. Various inividual colloscleres (left) and – possibly artefactual – merged colloscleres.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE6CFFE6FF4EFF2BDCA1FB92" blockId="17.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
The ZMA collections holds three
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37E7636AE6CFFE6FDD5FF2BDAA6FF24" box="[605,730,152,178]" name="Seychelles" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
|
||
samples (ZMA Por. 11890,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37E7636AE6CFFE6FBA7FF2BDCD3FF24" box="[1071,1199,152,178]" name="Seychelles" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
|
||
, St. Joseph Atoll, S rim,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D5061AE6CFFE6FF46FF0DD961FF4E" box="[206,285,190,216]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="555" value="-5.45">5.45°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D5061AE6CFFE6FEACFF0DD9FAFF4E" box="[292,390,190,216]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="555" value="53.35">53.35°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFD71066AE6CFFE6FE1AFF0DDA61FF4E" box="[402,541,190,216]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1992-12-28">28-12-1992</date>
|
||
, 10 m, coll. R.W.M. van Soest, SCUBA,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37E7636AE6CFFE6FC77FF0DDCF1FF4E" box="[1023,1165,190,216]" name="Netherlands" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Netherlands</collectingCountry>
|
||
Indian Ocean Program stat. E-759/01; ZMA Por. 11992,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37E7636AE6CFFE6FDB8FF56DAC8FF69" box="[560,692,229,255]" name="Seychelles" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
|
||
, N of Poivre Atoll,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D5061AE6CFFE6FC2EFF56DB95FF69" box="[934,1001,229,255]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="5555" value="-5.7">5.7°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D5061AE6CFFE6FC79FF56DC3BFF69" box="[1009,1095,229,255]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="5555" value="53.3">53.3°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFD71066AE6CFFE6FBDCFF56DC98FF69" box="[1108,1252,229,255]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1992-12-31">31-12-1992</date>
|
||
, 42-
|
||
<quantity id="4C919B43AE6CFFE6FA91FF56DD26FF69" box="[1305,1370,229,255]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="45.0">45 m</quantity>
|
||
, coll. R.W.M. van Soest, Agassiz-trawl,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37E7636AE6CFFE6FDCCFEBFDAA5FEB0" box="[580,729,268,294]" name="Netherlands" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Netherlands</collectingCountry>
|
||
Indian Ocean Program stat. E-776/12; ZMA Por. 10644,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37E7636AE6CFFE6FF1FFE81D964FEDA" box="[151,280,306,332]" name="Seychelles" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
|
||
, W of Poivre Atoll,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D5061AE6CFFE6FD83FE81DA04FEDA" box="[523,632,306,332]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="5" value="-5.7667">5.7667°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D5061AE6CFFE6FD08FE81DB7DFEDA" box="[640,769,306,332]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="5" value="53.1833">53.1833°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFD71066AE6CFFE6FC86FE81DBE7FEDA" box="[782,923,306,332]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1993-01-01">01-01-1993</date>
|
||
, 57 m, coll. R.W.M. van Soest, rectangular dredge,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37E7636AE6CFFE6FF7DFEEAD9FFFEE5" box="[245,387,345,371]" name="Netherlands" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Netherlands</collectingCountry>
|
||
Indian Ocean Program stat. E-778/21). I examined these and included Dendy's (1922: 74) description of three samples from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37E7636AE6CFFE6FDDAFE33DAB1FE0C" box="[594,717,384,410]" name="Seychelles" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
|
||
/Amirante group and Coetivity, in a comparison with the new species. The
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37E7636AE6CFFE6FEB9FE15D9D3FE56" box="[305,431,422,448]" name="Seychelles" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
|
||
species can be characterized as repent-ramose, with a tendendy to have the branches undivided or branching only close to the surface. The sponges encrust the substrate of dead corals and from this occasional branches are formed which are partially erect, but tend to follow a tortuous course, ending roundly. Diameter of the branches is
|
||
<quantity id="4C919B43AE6CFFE6FDC5FDA9DACEFDA2" box="[589,690,538,564]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2–5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and length varies from
|
||
<quantity id="4C919B43AE6CFFE6FC5AFDA9DC29FDA2" box="[978,1109,538,564]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="14.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="cm" value="8.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="2.0">2 to 14 cm</quantity>
|
||
. Color is yellow, orange, or orange-red; in alcohol the branches are light brown. Surface is optically smooth but microhispid, feeling slightly rough. Oscules are not apparent, but encrusting parts have a veinal pattern. Consistency firm, slightly compressible, tough. The ectosomal skeleton is characteristic for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE6CFFE6FC17FD3CDC6CFD3E" box="[927,1040,655,680]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Thalysias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clionaida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6CFFE6FC17FD3CDC6CFD3E" box="[927,1040,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Thalysias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with surface bouquets of smaller microspined ectosomal styles (approx. 120
|
||
<date id="FFD71066AE6CFFE6FD37FD06DA94FD59" box="[703,744,693,719]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">x 3</date>
|
||
µm), supported subectosomally by larger microspined ectosomal styles (220
|
||
<date id="FFD71066AE6CFFE6FE20FD6FD9B2FD60" box="[424,462,732,758]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">x 5</date>
|
||
µm). The distribution of the surface bouquets is not very dense, with individual bouquets flaring widely and touching each other’s outer spicules only barely. The ectosomal skeleton is carried by an irregular reticulation of spicule tracts making up the internal skeleton of the branches. Tracts consist of two or three smooth fusiform main styles with rugose or occasionally smooth heads (200
|
||
<date id="FFD71066AE6CFFE6FAA0FCE3DD27FCFC" box="[1320,1371,848,874]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1915-10">x 15</date>
|
||
µm), cemented by light spongin and echinated sparingly by auxiliary acanthostyles (
|
||
<date id="FFD71066AE6CFFE6FBE0FCC5DCBBFC06" box="[1128,1223,886,912]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1972-10-10">72 x 10</date>
|
||
µm). They make rounded or squarish meshes, and leave large open spaces, which are presumably canals. Many megascleres and microscleres are loosely scattered in the interior. Microscleres are toxas (60–120
|
||
<date id="FFD71066AE6CFFE6FB4EFC77DC91FC48" box="[1222,1261,964,990]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">x 1</date>
|
||
µm), palmate isochelae (12–15 µm), and abundant oval or bean-shaped colloscleres of 10–12 µm in length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE6CFFE6FF4EFBA2DC43FA11" blockId="17.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
From these observations it is obvious that the two sponges discussed here are quite dissimilar in morphology and spiculation: tough branches vs. soft thin crust, microspined ectosomal spicules vs. smooth, presence of true palmate isochelae vs. absence thereof. Nevertheless, the peculiar colloscleres are a compelling synapomorphy for the two species discussed here. It is unclear whether these are truly derivations of the chelae as
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B57AE6CFFE6FEE1FB1FDA67FB50" author="Dendy" box="[361,539,1196,1222]" pageId="17" pageNumber="37" refString="Dendy, A. (1922) Report on the Sigmatotetraxonida collected by H. M. S. ' Sealark' in the Indian Ocean. In: Reports of the Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Indian Ocean in 1905, Volume 7. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, (2) 18 (1), 1 - 164." type="journal article" year="1922">Dendy (1922)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
maintained from his observation of 'intermediate forms' drawn rather suggestively by him (pl. 14 fig. 4e). Hooper's (1996) opinion that the colloscleres are cleistochelae is here rejected, because in cleistochelae the frontal alae meet and/or the shaft grows a forward extension, but the obvious derivation from palmate isochelae is never in any doubt with such spicules. In colloscleres the entire spicule - if it is chela-derived - is enveloped in a siliceous thin coat which is dramatically different from a chela developing secondarily infilling of the open space between alae and shaft.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE6CFFE6FF4EFA27DB1EF975" blockId="17.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
If the colloscleres of both species are to be considered a homologous derived character, then close phylogenetic relationship is the likely assumption, since no other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE6CFFE6FC13FA08DB83FA42" box="[923,1023,1467,1492]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6CFFE6FC13FA08DB83FA42" box="[923,1023,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Clathria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species with such microscleres are known.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE6CFFE6FF70FA52D9E7FA6C" box="[248,411,1505,1530]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Colloclathria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6CFFE6FF70FA52D9E7FA6C" box="[248,411,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Colloclathria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may need to be reinstated as a subgenus or a similar infrageneric unit to distinguish these sponges from the bulk of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE6CFFE6FDBFF9BBDB5BF9B7" authority="(Thalysias)" baseAuthorityName="Thalysias" box="[567,807,1544,1569]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6CFFE6FDBFF9BBDB5BF9B7" box="[567,807,1544,1569]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Clathria (Thalysias)</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. Several spicular features of the two sponges support such close affinity: the shape and size of the toxas are quite similar and the size of the ectosomal and choanosomal megascleres is also not dissimilar. Biogeographically, such a taxon would show a disjunct distribution in Indian Ocean and Caribbean reefs, which may be easily explained as a relict Tethyan pattern. So far, no reliable records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE6CFFE6FE7CF910DAB9F92A" box="[500,709,1699,1724]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="amiranteiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6CFFE6FE7CF910DAB9F92A" box="[500,709,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. amiranteiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in other parts of the Indo-West Pacific are known, so a more widespread Tethyan distribution remains to be demonstrated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD636A6AE6CFFE5FF4EF943D915FD98" blockId="17.[151,1437,152,2034]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1437,152,526]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Alternatively, although both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE6CFFE6FD9FF943DAC0F89F" box="[535,700,1776,1801]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="collosclera" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6CFFE6FD9FF943DAC0F89F" box="[535,700,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. collosclera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57CFAE6CFFE6FD4CF95CDB7AF89F" box="[708,774,1775,1801]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6CFFE6FD4CF95CDB7AF89F" bold="true" box="[708,774,1775,1801]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE6CFFE6FCB7F943DC72F89F" box="[831,1038,1776,1801]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="amiranteiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6CFFE6FCB7F943DC72F89F" box="[831,1038,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. amiranteiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belong to the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE6CFFE6FAA4F943DDE0F89F" box="[1324,1436,1776,1801]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Thalysias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clionaida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6CFFE6FAA4F943DDE0F89F" box="[1324,1436,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Thalysias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the colloscleres appear uniquely derived, it is possible that they represent independent developments. Possibly, the colloscleres are an environmentally induced derivate of chelae. This is supported by the occurrence of potentially homologous colloscleres in the enigmatic sponge described as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE6CFFE6FB41F8D7D9CCF832" authority="Dendy (1917)" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1917" class="Demospongiae" family="Chondropsidae" genus="Collosclerophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arenacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6CFFE6FB41F8D7D97FF832" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Collosclerophora arenacea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B57AE6CFFE6FE81F839D9CCF832" author="Dendy" box="[265,432,1930,1956]" pageId="17" pageNumber="37" refString="Dendy, A. (1917) On the occurence of gelatinous spicules, and their mode of origin, in a new genus of siliceous sponges. Proceedings of the Royal Society, (B) 89, 315 - 322." type="journal article" year="1917">Dendy (1917)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The morphological and skeletal features of this South Australian sponge are radically different again from the two above described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE6CFFE6FD38F802DBEBF85C" authority="(Thalysias)" baseAuthorityName="Thalysias" box="[688,919,1969,1994]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6CFFE6FD38F802DBEBF85C" box="[688,919,1969,1994]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Clathria(Thalysias)</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. The growth form is massive, solid, and the skeleton consists chiefly of sand. The only megascleres present are thin strongyles occurring in plumose bundles among the sand grains. By these characters, this sponge is classified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE6FFFE5FB33FF2BDD2DFF27" box="[1211,1361,152,177]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chondropsidae" genus="Chondropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6FFFE5FB33FF2BDD2DFF27" box="[1211,1361,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Chondropsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the poecilosclerid family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE6FFFE5FE2EFF0DDA1CFF4E" box="[422,608,190,216]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chondropsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Chondropsidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(cf. van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B57AE6FFFE5FD58FF0DDB08FF4E" author="Soest" box="[720,884,190,216]" pageId="18" pageNumber="39" refString="van Soest, R. W. M. (2002 a) Family Chondropsidae Carter, 1886. Pp. 521 - 527. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & Van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.) Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges, 1. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow." type="journal article" year="2002" yearSuffix="a">Soest, 2002a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The colloscleres are bean-shaped and were demonstrated to be siliceous, but soft-skinned, capable of swelling when water is added to them. This might well conform to the colloscleres of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE6FFFE5FDB6FEBFDB73FEB3" box="[574,783,268,293]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="collosclera" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Thalysias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6FFFE5FDB6FEBFDB73FEB3" box="[574,783,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C.(T.) collosclera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57CFAE6FFFE5FC9FFEB8DB26FEB3" box="[791,858,267,293]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6FFFE5FC9FFEB8DB26FEB3" bold="true" box="[791,858,267,293]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
as the surface of many of them appear wrinkled under SEM. Verifying the homology of both
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D28804AE6FFFE5FD35FE81DA81FEDA" box="[701,765,306,332]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of colloscleres unfortunately is virtually impossible as there is preciously little material left of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE6FFFE5FDECFEEADA8DFEE4" box="[612,753,345,370]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chondropsidae" genus="Collosclerophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arenacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6FFFE5FDECFEEADA8DFEE4" box="[612,753,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C. arenacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. There is no rationale for assigning
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE6FFFE5FB1CFEEADDE0FEE4" box="[1172,1436,345,370]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chondropsidae" genus="Chondropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arenacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6FFFE5FB1CFEEADDE0FEE4" box="[1172,1436,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Chondropsis arenacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAB4AE6FFFE5FF42FE33DB13FE0F" box="[202,879,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE6FFFE5FF42FE33DA37FE0F" box="[202,587,384,409]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="collosclera" subGenus="Thalysias">Clathria (Thalysias) collosclera</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D25AE6FFFE5FDE2FE33DB13FE0F" box="[618,879,384,409]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="amiranteiensis" subGenus="Thalysias">C. (T.) amiranteiensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
to a single monophyletic group, as this would violate a large number of convincing skeletal and spicular synapomorphies. If the colloscleres are all of similar build and material, that would surely indicate they have been developed independently, at least in different families.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |