treatments-xml/data/53/3C/52/533C525AE3A4500AB7AA779059209867.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1019.59881" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c81147b7-467a-4477-a36e-76f3fd8358c7" ID-PMC="PMC7921074" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1019-93" ID-Pensoft-UUID="68E025484FB95656A3666768A4D97EF1" ID-PubMed="33688849" ID-ZooBank="740EFFB93ADA4B2ABD23A839AAE71FB2" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1019-93" checkinTime="1614092297092" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Giron, Jennifer C. &amp; Short, Andrew Edward Z." docDate="2021" docId="533C525AE3A4500AB7AA779059209867" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1019: 93-140" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1019" docPubDate="2021-02-22" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1019.59881" docTitle="Tobochares communis Girón &amp; Short 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="FBCAB8BF-C5FE-4C4B-9681-17621C615829" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="68E025484FB95656A3666768A4D97EF1" lastPageNumber="93" masterDocId="68E025484FB95656A3666768A4D97EF1" masterDocTitle="Review of the Neotropical water scavenger beetle genus Tobochares Short &amp; Garcia, 2007 (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Acidocerinae): new lineages, new species, and new records" masterLastPageNumber="140" masterPageNumber="93" pageNumber="93" updateTime="1668149822001" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Review of the Neotropical water scavenger beetle genus Tobochares Short &amp; Garcia, 2007 (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Acidocerinae): new lineages, new species, and new records</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Giron, Jennifer C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA &amp; Natural Science Research Laboratory, Museum of Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Short, Andrew Edward Z.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and Division of Entomology, Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">aezshort@ku.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2021-02-22</mods:number>
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<mods:number>1019</mods:number>
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<mods:start>93</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1019.59881</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1019.59881</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1019-93</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="179905049" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:FBCAB8BF-C5FE-4C4B-9681-17621C615829" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/533C525AE3A4500AB7AA779059209867" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="93" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/FBCAB8BF-C5FE-4C4B-9681-17621C615829" authority="Girón &amp; Short, 2021" authorityName="Girón &amp; Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Tobochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tobochares communis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="communis" status="sp. nov.">Tobochares communis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="93">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Heads of Tobochares spp. A, B T. goias, black mark pointing to Tobochares canthus emarginating the eye A dorsal view B anterolateral view C T. fusus D, E T. luteomargo, black mark pointing to straight anterior margin of the eye D dorsal view E anterolateral view F T. romanoae G T. pemon H T. communis I T. microps." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.59881.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512600" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Figs 2H</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Characters of elytra and wings of Tobochares spp. A-E Scanning Electron Micrographs A-C elytra: white arrows point to serial punctures; black arrows point to interserial punctures A T. communis B T. atures C T. arawak D, E ventral view of mesoventrite: D T. communis: top white arrow points to posterior elevation of mesoventrite with low longitudinal elevation; bottom white arrow points to narrow longitudinal glabrous patch of the metaventrite E T. arawak: top white arrow points to posterior elevation of mesoventrite with weakly elevated bulge; bottom white arrow points to narrow longitudinal glabrous patch of the metaventrite. F-I detail of elytral punctation; black marks at top of each circle indicates serial punctures F T. pemon (all punctures relatively large; serial punctures longitudinally aligned; interserial punctures in irregular single row) G T. atures (all punctures longitudinally aligned; serial punctures larger than interserial punctures; interserial punctures more densely distributed) H T. kolokoe (serial punctures longitudinally aligned; interserial punctures forming one or two irregular rows) I T. canaima (serial punctures longitudinally aligned; interserial punctures forming two or three irregular rows) J, K hindwings J T. sipaliwini K T. microps." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.59881.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512601" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">, 3A, D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Habitus of Tobochares spp. in the Tobochares communis species group A-C T. communis A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D-F T. microps D dorsal view E lateral view F ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.59881.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512604" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">, 6A-C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Aedeagi of Tobochares spp. A T. benettii B T. goias C T. fusus D T. luteomargo E T. pemon F T. anthonyae G T. atures H T. communis I T. microps J T. romanoae K T. akoerio L T. kappel M T. arawak N T. canaima. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-D); 0.1 mm (E-N)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.59881.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512609" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">, 11H</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Distribution of Tobochares spp." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.59881.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512611" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">, 13</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Habitat of Tobochares in Suriname A, B habitat for T. kappel, Petrominas Falls (collecting event SR 13 - 0813 - 04 C) C habitat for T. microps, Tafelberg Tepui Summit (collecting event SR 13 - 0820 - 01 B) D habitat for T. kappel and T. communis, seepage along Kappel Airstrip (collecting event SR 13 - 0824 - 02 B) E habitat for T. microps, Tafelberg Tepui Summit (collecting event SR 13 - 0815 - 01 A) F habitat for T. akoerio and T. communis Grensgebergte Mountains (collecting event SR 12 - 0312 - 01 A)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.59881.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512614" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">, 16D, F</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="93" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
<taxonomicName authority="Girón &amp; Short, 2021" authorityName="Girón &amp; Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Tobochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tobochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">Tobochares</taxonomicName>
1B: 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467" author="Short, AEZ" journalOrPublisher="RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment 63, Conservation International, Arlington" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" refId="B9" refString="Short, AEZ, Giron, JC, Toussaint, EFA, 2021. Evolution and biogeography of acidocerine water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) shaped by Gondwanan vicariance and Cenozoic isolation of South America. Systematic Entomology. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467" title="Evolution and biogeography of acidocerine water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) shaped by Gondwanan vicariance and Cenozoic isolation of South America. Systematic Entomology." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467" year="2021">Short et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="93" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Type material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Holotype</emphasis>
(male)
</emphasis>
: &quot;Suriname: Sipaliwini District: 
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="40.432" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="4.6738667">4°40.432'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="56" direction="west" minutes="11.079" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-56.18465">56°11.079'W</geoCoordinate>
; 86 m; Raleighvallen Nature Reserve, base of Voltzberg; flotation of roots and debris from seepage; 17.iii.2016; leg. Short and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Girón">Giron</normalizedToken>
; SR16-0317-01C&quot; (NZCS). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Paratypes</emphasis>
(187 exs.): Brazil: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Amapá">Amapa</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
: 
<geoCoordinate degrees="2.60342" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.60342">2.60342</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="51.33237" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-51.33237">-51.33237</geoCoordinate>
; 73 m, Calcoene (ca. 42 km NW) on BR-156, Large rock outcrop; 21.vii.2018, leg. Short; Floating rootmats/dirt from seepage, BR18-0721-02B (1, SEMC including DNA voucher SLE1566); 
<geoCoordinate degrees="3.87281" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="3.87281">3.87281</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="51.78939" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-51.78939">-51.78939</geoCoordinate>
; 10 m, Oiaqpoque (ca. 5.5 km NE), balneario, 18.vii.2018; leg. Short; seepage area, BR18-0718-01B (1, SEMC, DNA voucher SLE1568). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Roraima</emphasis>
: Amajari Municipality, Serra do 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tepequém">Tepequem</normalizedToken>
, Igarape Preto Negro, Cachoeira Leje Preta, 3 36.381'N, 61 42.878'W, 618 m, 14.i.2018, leg. Short and Benetti, BR18-0114-04B (1, SEMC, DNA voucher SLE1494); Caroebe Municipality, Reservoir by Usina de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jatapú">Jatapu</normalizedToken>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="0.872953" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="0.872953">0.872953</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="59.282170" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-59.28217">-59.282170</geoCoordinate>
, 185 m, 17.i.2018, large wall seep with algae, leg. Short, Benetti, and Santana, BR18-0117-01A (1, INPA, DNA voucher SLE1503). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Guyana: Region VIII</emphasis>
: &quot; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="10.514" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="5.1752334">5°10.514'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="59" direction="west" minutes="28.970" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-59.482834">59°28.970'W</geoCoordinate>
; 440 m; Kaieteur National Park; rock savanna, large seepage area; 16.iii.2014; leg. A. Short; GY14-0316-01C&quot; (51, CBDG, SEMC); same, except &quot;flotation of wet leaves and roots; GY14-0316-01B&quot; (SEMC, 6); same, except &quot;seepage on granite with some vegetation; 21.iii.2014; leg. Short, Salisbury, La Cruz; GY14-0321-02A&quot; (9, SEMC including DNA voucher SLE1022). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Suriname: Sipaliwini District</emphasis>
: &quot; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="2.46554" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.46554">2.46554°N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="55.7700" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-55.77">55.7700°W</geoCoordinate>
; 800 m; Camp 2, Grensgebergte Rock; rock seepages; 12.iii.2012; leg. A. Short; SR12-0312-01A&quot; (23, NZCS, SEMC including DNA Voucher SLE481); &quot; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="40.966" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="4.682767">4°40.966'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="56" direction="west" minutes="11.262" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-56.1877">56°11.262'W</geoCoordinate>
; 96 m; Raleighvallen Nature Reserve, plateau below Voltzberg; seepage; 28.vii.2012; leg. Short, Maier, McIntosh; SR12-0728-01B&quot; (12, SEMC); same, except 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“SR12-0728-01C”">&quot;SR12-0728-01C&quot;</normalizedToken>
(6, SEMC); same, except &quot;small seep at margin of plateau; 15.iii.2016; leg. A. Short; SR16-0315-03B&quot; (2, SEMC); &quot; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="3" direction="north" minutes="47.479" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="3.7913167">3°47.479'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="56" direction="west" minutes="8.968" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-56.149467">56°8.968'W</geoCoordinate>
; 320 m; CSNR: near Kappel airstrip; temporary rivulets in tire tracks; 13.viii.2013; leg. Short, Bloom, Kadosoe; SR13-0813-02A&quot; (1, SEMC); same, except &quot;pond in forest on trail to Tafelberg; 13.viii.2013; leg. Short and Bloom; SR13-0813-05A+B&quot; (1, SEMC); CSNR: Tafelberg Summit, nr. Caiman Creek Camp, leg. Short &amp; Bloom, 19.viii.2013, large seepage area, SR13-0819-01A (1, SEMC, DNA voucher 1047); &quot; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="3" direction="north" minutes="47.479" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="3.7913167">3°47.479'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="56" direction="west" minutes="8.968" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-56.149467">56°8.968'W</geoCoordinate>
; 320 m; CSNR: near Kappel airstrip; seepage flowing into canal/ ditch on S side of airstrip; 24.viii.2013; leg. Short and Bloom; SR13-0824-02A&quot; (1, SEMC); same, except 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“SR13-0824-02B”">&quot;SR13-0824-02B&quot;</normalizedToken>
(19, SEMC); &quot; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="40.432" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="4.6738667">4°40.432'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="56" direction="west" minutes="11.079" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-56.18465">56°11.079'W</geoCoordinate>
; 86 m; Raleighvallen Nature Reserve, base of Voltzberg; seepage spot on side of rock; 16.iii.2016; leg. A. Short; SR16-0316-01A&quot; (1, SEMC); same data as holotype (15, SEMC); &quot; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="north" minutes="00.240" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.004">2°00.240'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="55" direction="west" minutes="58.259" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-55.97098">55°58.259'W</geoCoordinate>
; 374 m; Sipaliwini Savanna Nature Reserve; 4-Brothers mountains; seeps on granite; with algae; 30.iii.2017; leg. Short and Baca; SR17-0330-04A&quot; (6, SEMC); same, except &quot;seeps on granite; by flotation; SR17-0330-04B&quot; (11, SEMC). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
Venezuela: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bolívar">Bolivar</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
: &quot; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="6" direction="north" minutes="04" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="54.7" value="6.081861">6°04'54.7&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="52.7" value="-61.397972">61°23'52.7&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
; 509 m; along La Escalera, Highway 10; rock seepages; 14.vii.2010; leg. Short, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Téllez">Tellez</normalizedToken>
, Arias; VZ10-0714-01B&quot; (3, SEMC including DNA Voucher SLE1026); &quot; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="6" direction="north" minutes="35.617" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="6.5936165">6°35.617'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="66" direction="west" minutes="49.238" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-66.82063">66°49.238'W</geoCoordinate>
; 80 m; Los Pijiguaos; morichal/rock outcrop; 16.ix.2007; leg. A. Short, M. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
, L. Joly; AS-07-015&quot; (7, MIZA, SEMC); same, except &quot;seeps and stream at night; 9.vii.2010; leg. Short and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Téllez">Tellez</normalizedToken>
; VZ10-0709-03A&quot; (2, SEMC including DNA voucher SLE1036); &quot; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="24.8" value="5.6735554">5°40'24.8&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="24" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="11.3" value="-61.40314">61°24'11.3&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
; 1330 m; unnamed river; small side stream; 2.viii.2008; leg. Short, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
, Joly; AS-08-066&quot; (3, SEMC); &quot; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="6" direction="north" minutes="57.904" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="6.965067">6°57.904'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="66" direction="west" minutes="36.392" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-66.60654">66°36.392'W</geoCoordinate>
; 51 m; outcrop ca. 15 Km NE of Los Pijiguaos; detritus flotation; 9.vii.2010; leg. Short and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Téllez">Tellez</normalizedToken>
; VZ10-0709-01B&quot; (4, SEMC); 
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="north" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="47.3" value="7.496472">7°29'47.3&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="65" direction="west" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="44.8" value="-65.86244">65°51'44.8&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
; 45 m; 2 km E of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Cuchivero; rock outcrop seeps; 6.viii.2008; leg. Short, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Téllez">Tellez</normalizedToken>
, Arias; AS-08-075 (1, SEMC, DNA voucher SLE1031).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="93" type="differential diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
By its elytral punctation with all punctures about the same size and degree of impression, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. communis" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="communis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">T. communis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. anthonyae" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="anthonyae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">T. anthonyae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. microps" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="microps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">T. microps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. From 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. microps" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="microps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">T. microps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. communis" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="communis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">T. communis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be easily distinguished by the relative size of their eyes: in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. communis" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="communis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">T. communis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the eyes are separated by a distance 4.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
larger than the largest diameter of the eye in dorsal view (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Heads of Tobochares spp. A, B T. goias, black mark pointing to Tobochares canthus emarginating the eye A dorsal view B anterolateral view C T. fusus D, E T. luteomargo, black mark pointing to straight anterior margin of the eye D dorsal view E anterolateral view F T. romanoae G T. pemon H T. communis I T. microps." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.59881.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512600" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">2H</figureCitation>
), whereas in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. microps" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="microps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">T. microps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the eyes are separated by a distance 6 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
larger than the largest diameter of the eye in dorsal view (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Heads of Tobochares spp. A, B T. goias, black mark pointing to Tobochares canthus emarginating the eye A dorsal view B anterolateral view C T. fusus D, E T. luteomargo, black mark pointing to straight anterior margin of the eye D dorsal view E anterolateral view F T. romanoae G T. pemon H T. communis I T. microps." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.59881.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512600" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">2I</figureCitation>
). In 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. communis" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="communis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">T. communis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the dorsal punctation is sharper, with all punctures seemingly longitudinally aligned, not forming grooves (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Habitus of Tobochares spp. in the Tobochares communis species group A-C T. communis A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D-F T. microps D dorsal view E lateral view F ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.59881.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512604" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">6A</figureCitation>
), whereas in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. anthonyae" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="anthonyae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">T. anthonyae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the dorsal punctation is relatively shallow, with serial punctures aligned in rows and slightly impressed, forming shallow longitudinal grooves (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Habitus of Tobochares spp. in the Tobochares communis species group A-C T. anthonyae A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D-F T. atures D dorsal view E lateral view F ventral view G-I T. pemon G dorsal view H lateral view I ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.59881.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512605" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">7A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="93" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Size and form</emphasis>
: Body length 1.8-2.0 mm. Body elongate oval, somewhat parallel sided, moderately convex (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Habitus of Tobochares spp. in the Tobochares communis species group A-C T. communis A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D-F T. microps D dorsal view E lateral view F ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.59881.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512604" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">6A, B</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Color and punctation</emphasis>
: Dorsal and ventral surfaces of body dark brown, with anterior and lateral margins of prothorax, and outer margins of elytra slightly paler (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Habitus of Tobochares spp. in the Tobochares communis species group A-C T. communis A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D-F T. microps D dorsal view E lateral view F ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.59881.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512604" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">6A</figureCitation>
); mouthparts yellow (especially maxillary palps) to orange; antennae yellowish brown; legs orange brown with paler (yellow) tarsi (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Habitus of Tobochares spp. in the Tobochares communis species group A-C T. communis A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D-F T. microps D dorsal view E lateral view F ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.59881.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512604" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">6C</figureCitation>
). Ground punctation on head, pronotum and elytra sharply marked. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Head</emphasis>
: Eyes in dorsal view with anterior margin oblique (anteriorly directed), and outer margins slightly bulging from outline of head (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Heads of Tobochares spp. A, B T. goias, black mark pointing to Tobochares canthus emarginating the eye A dorsal view B anterolateral view C T. fusus D, E T. luteomargo, black mark pointing to straight anterior margin of the eye D dorsal view E anterolateral view F T. romanoae G T. pemon H T. communis I T. microps." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.59881.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512600" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">2H</figureCitation>
); in lateral view, eyes not emarginate (e.g., Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Heads of Tobochares spp. A, B T. goias, black mark pointing to Tobochares canthus emarginating the eye A dorsal view B anterolateral view C T. fusus D, E T. luteomargo, black mark pointing to straight anterior margin of the eye D dorsal view E anterolateral view F T. romanoae G T. pemon H T. communis I T. microps." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.59881.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512600" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">2E</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Thorax</emphasis>
: Elytra with all kinds of punctures similar in size and degree of impression, all seemingly longitudinally aligned and uniformly distributed, not forming grooves (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Habitus of Tobochares spp. in the Tobochares communis species group A-C T. communis A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D-F T. microps D dorsal view E lateral view F ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.59881.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512604" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">6A</figureCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName genus="Metafemora" lsidName="Metafemora" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="genus">Metafemora</taxonomicName>
mostly glabrous on anterior face (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Habitus of Tobochares spp. in the Tobochares communis species group A-C T. communis A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D-F T. microps D dorsal view E lateral view F ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.59881.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512604" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">6C</figureCitation>
). Elevation of mesoventrite forming a longitudinal bulge (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Characters of elytra and wings of Tobochares spp. A-E Scanning Electron Micrographs A-C elytra: white arrows point to serial punctures; black arrows point to interserial punctures A T. communis B T. atures C T. arawak D, E ventral view of mesoventrite: D T. communis: top white arrow points to posterior elevation of mesoventrite with low longitudinal elevation; bottom white arrow points to narrow longitudinal glabrous patch of the metaventrite E T. arawak: top white arrow points to posterior elevation of mesoventrite with weakly elevated bulge; bottom white arrow points to narrow longitudinal glabrous patch of the metaventrite. F-I detail of elytral punctation; black marks at top of each circle indicates serial punctures F T. pemon (all punctures relatively large; serial punctures longitudinally aligned; interserial punctures in irregular single row) G T. atures (all punctures longitudinally aligned; serial punctures larger than interserial punctures; interserial punctures more densely distributed) H T. kolokoe (serial punctures longitudinally aligned; interserial punctures forming one or two irregular rows) I T. canaima (serial punctures longitudinally aligned; interserial punctures forming two or three irregular rows) J, K hindwings J T. sipaliwini K T. microps." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.59881.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512601" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">3D</figureCitation>
). Metaventrite with distinct median, longitudinal, narrow glabrous area extending along posterior half (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Characters of elytra and wings of Tobochares spp. A-E Scanning Electron Micrographs A-C elytra: white arrows point to serial punctures; black arrows point to interserial punctures A T. communis B T. atures C T. arawak D, E ventral view of mesoventrite: D T. communis: top white arrow points to posterior elevation of mesoventrite with low longitudinal elevation; bottom white arrow points to narrow longitudinal glabrous patch of the metaventrite E T. arawak: top white arrow points to posterior elevation of mesoventrite with weakly elevated bulge; bottom white arrow points to narrow longitudinal glabrous patch of the metaventrite. F-I detail of elytral punctation; black marks at top of each circle indicates serial punctures F T. pemon (all punctures relatively large; serial punctures longitudinally aligned; interserial punctures in irregular single row) G T. atures (all punctures longitudinally aligned; serial punctures larger than interserial punctures; interserial punctures more densely distributed) H T. kolokoe (serial punctures longitudinally aligned; interserial punctures forming one or two irregular rows) I T. canaima (serial punctures longitudinally aligned; interserial punctures forming two or three irregular rows) J, K hindwings J T. sipaliwini K T. microps." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.59881.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512601" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">3D</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Abdomen</emphasis>
: Abdominal ventrites uniformly and very densely pubescent (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Habitus of Tobochares spp. in the Tobochares communis species group A-C T. communis A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D-F T. microps D dorsal view E lateral view F ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.59881.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512604" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">6C</figureCitation>
). Aedeagus (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Aedeagi of Tobochares spp. A T. benettii B T. goias C T. fusus D T. luteomargo E T. pemon F T. anthonyae G T. atures H T. communis I T. microps J T. romanoae K T. akoerio L T. kappel M T. arawak N T. canaima. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-D); 0.1 mm (E-N)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.59881.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512609" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">11H</figureCitation>
). Basal piece nearly 0.4 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
the length of a paramere; greatest width of a paramere nearly 0.6 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
greatest width of median lobe; outer margins of parameres nearly straight along basal 2/3, then curved inwards; apex of paramere rounded; median lobe roughly sagittate, narrow along apical third, rounded at apex; gonopore situated nearly at midlength of median lobe.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="93" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
Named with the Latin word 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón &amp; Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Tobochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tobochares communis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="communis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Tobochares communis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
meaning common, highlighting the abundance and wide distribution of the species, which is the most commonly found.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="93" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
This species is the most widely distributed of all known 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón &amp; Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Tobochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tobochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Tobochares</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, occurring from the northwest margin of the Guiana Shield in Venezuela all the way to its eastern edge in the state of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Amapá">Amapa</normalizedToken>
, Brazil (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Distribution of Tobochares spp., including all previous (red) and new (yellow) records." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.59881.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512610" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">12</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="93" type="life history">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Life history.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
This species is strongly associated with seepage habitats on exposed granite. Many of the seepages on which this species has been collected are seasonal, although others are adjacent to permanent streams. See Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Habitat of Tobochares in Suriname A, B habitat for T. kappel, Petrominas Falls (collecting event SR 13 - 0813 - 04 C) C habitat for T. microps, Tafelberg Tepui Summit (collecting event SR 13 - 0820 - 01 B) D habitat for T. kappel and T. communis, seepage along Kappel Airstrip (collecting event SR 13 - 0824 - 02 B) E habitat for T. microps, Tafelberg Tepui Summit (collecting event SR 13 - 0815 - 01 A) F habitat for T. akoerio and T. communis Grensgebergte Mountains (collecting event SR 12 - 0312 - 01 A)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.59881.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512614" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">16D, F</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.59881.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512614" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" start="Figure 16" startId="F16">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Figure 16.</emphasis>
Habitat of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón &amp; Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Tobochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tobochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Tobochares</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Suriname 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">A, B</emphasis>
habitat for 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. kappel" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="kappel">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">T. kappel</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Petrominas Falls (collecting event SR13-0813-04C) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">C</emphasis>
habitat for 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. microps" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="microps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">T. microps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Tafelberg Tepui Summit (collecting event SR13-0820-01B) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">D</emphasis>
habitat for 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. kappel" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="kappel">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">T. kappel</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. communis" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="communis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">T. communis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, seepage along Kappel Airstrip (collecting event SR13-0824-02B) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">E</emphasis>
habitat for 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. microps" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="microps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">T. microps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Tafelberg Tepui Summit (collecting event SR13-0815-01A) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">F</emphasis>
habitat for 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. akoerio" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="akoerio">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">T. akoerio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. communis" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="communis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">T. communis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Grensgebergte Mountains (collecting event SR12-0312-01A).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>