162 lines
20 KiB
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162 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="AD7B9DBE9B96366A4580635EB3E767A4">Sesquiterpenoids and their quaternary ammonium hybrids from the mycelium of mushroom Stereum hirsutum by medium optimization</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="09E6B070F0433AB1A60A599856235ACC">Hu, Qian-Yi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F0F747E138D956F53ED11BDB73C24DDE">Li, Su-Su</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9A0DFE2EA8D2DA4D748A359947898DC2">Li, Guo-Hong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2DBE27A22B9F5DBBD3AE9407C937092A">Zhao, Pei-Ji</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="9EA65E45416909D29AF406B2E20375AD">Phytochemistry</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="ACD3C20505CC716C38AB5925DFB5ED74">2021</mods:date>
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<heading id="242F81A4FFAE86551359FEAFA41EFEBA" bold="true" box="[818,1118,260,280]" fontSize="36" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="4DACEADAFFAE86551359FEAFA41EFEBA" bold="true" box="[818,1118,260,280]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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2.3. Anti-M.
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<taxonomicName id="B8D84D4BFFAE865513C5FEAEA455FEB5" ID-CoL="44W74" ID-ENA="1310115" authority="(Zopf, 1883) Lehmann & Neumann, 1896" box="[942,1045,260,279]" class="Actinobacteridae" family="Mycobacteriaceae" genus="Mycobacterium" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Actinomycetales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Actinobacteria" rank="species" species="tuberculosis">tuberculosis</taxonomicName>
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activity
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</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="7F6736C8FFAE8655133AFE96A437FE1D" blockId="4.[818,1488,316,1703]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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Stereumamides I–K (
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<emphasis id="4DACEADAFFAE86551473FE96A47BFEF2" bold="true" box="[1048,1083,316,336]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">3–5</emphasis>
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), and sterostrein Q (
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<emphasis id="4DACEADAFFAE8655156DFE96A55FFEED" bold="true" box="[1286,1311,316,335]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">11</emphasis>
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) were assayed for antibacterial activity against
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<taxonomicName id="B8D84D4BFFAE86551454FEF3A483FEC9" authority="(Zopf, 1883) Lehmann & Neumann, 1896" box="[1087,1219,344,364]" class="Actinobacteridae" family="Mycobacteriaceae" genus="Mycobacterium" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Actinomycetales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Actinobacteria" rank="species" species="tuberculosis">
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<emphasis id="4DACEADAFFAE86551454FEF3A483FEC9" bold="true" box="[1087,1219,344,364]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">M. tuberculosis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. All of the tested compounds exhibited weak antibacterial activities. MIC
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<subScript id="E35C348DFFAE865514A5FED1A4A0FE2B" attach="left" box="[1230,1248,379,393]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">50</subScript>
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values of stereumamides I–K (
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<emphasis id="4DACEADAFFAE86551334FE3AA3C2FE01" bold="true" box="[863,898,400,420]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">3–5</emphasis>
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) and sterostrein Q (
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<emphasis id="4DACEADAFFAE86551428FE3AA41CFE01" bold="true" box="[1091,1116,400,419]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">11</emphasis>
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) against
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<taxonomicName id="B8D84D4BFFAE865514DFFE3AA57AFE01" authority="(Zopf, 1883) Lehmann & Neumann, 1896" box="[1204,1338,400,419]" class="Actinobacteridae" family="Mycobacteriaceae" genus="Mycobacterium" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Actinomycetales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Actinobacteria" rank="species" species="tuberculosis">
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<emphasis id="4DACEADAFFAE865514DFFE3AA57AFE01" bold="true" box="[1204,1338,400,419]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">M. tuberculosis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were 250, 250, 250, and 125 μg/mL, respectively.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7F6736C8FFAE8655133AFE62A445FCC3" blockId="4.[818,1488,316,1703]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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Analysis of the genomic data revealed that the fungal genome contains a large number of clusters of specialised metabolite biosynthesis genes. In our previous review, the metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters of 18 fungi with published genomes were analyzed and predicted using antiSMASH 5.0 (
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<bibRefCitation id="1B494B39FFAE865513A5FD9DA422FDE9" author="Blin, K. & Shaw, S. & Steinke, K. & Villebro, R. & Ziemert, N. & Lee, S. Y. & Medema, M. H. & Weber, T." box="[974,1122,567,587]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="87" refId="ref8758" refString="Blin, K., Shaw, S., Steinke, K., Villebro, R., Ziemert, N., Lee, S. Y., Medema, M. H., Weber, T., 2019. antiSMASH 5.0: updates to the secondary metabolite genome mining pipeline. Nucleic Acids Res. 47, W 81 - W 87. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / nar / gkz 310." type="journal article" year="2019">Blin et al., 2019</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="1B494B39FFAE86551406FD9DA561FDE9" author="Lei, H. - M. & Zhao, P. - J." box="[1133,1313,567,587]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="865 - 873" refId="ref9705" refString="Lei, H. - M., Zhao, P. - J., 2019. Advances in research on mining fungal secondary metabolites. Scientia Sinica Vitae 49, 865 - 873. https: // doi. org / 10.1360 / SSV- 2019 - 0091." type="journal article" year="2019">Lei and Zhao, 2019</bibRefCitation>
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). The genome size of these fungi was generally 28–52 Mbp, and the predicted number of possible metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters ranged from 23 to 85, with most fungi having around 40 specialised metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (
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<bibRefCitation id="1B494B39FFAE865513ABFD0DA4C0FD18" author="Lei, H. - M. & Zhao, P. - J." box="[960,1152,679,698]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="865 - 873" refId="ref9705" refString="Lei, H. - M., Zhao, P. - J., 2019. Advances in research on mining fungal secondary metabolites. Scientia Sinica Vitae 49, 865 - 873. https: // doi. org / 10.1360 / SSV- 2019 - 0091." type="journal article" year="2019">Lei and Zhao, 2019</bibRefCitation>
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||
). Nielsen analyzed nine strains of fungi of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="B8D84D4BFFAE8655138EFD69A407FD74" box="[997,1095,707,726]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Nectriaceae" genus="Penicillium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4DACEADAFFAE8655138EFD69A407FD74" bold="true" box="[997,1095,707,726]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Penicillium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and the analysis showed that these nine strains had a large number of polyketones and nonribosomal peptide compound
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<typeStatus id="A063886AFFAE865513F4FD51A390FCAC" box="[927,976,763,782]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">types</typeStatus>
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of biosynthetic gene clusters, but only 16% of the clusters produced the corresponding metabolites (
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<bibRefCitation id="1B494B39FFAE86551561FCBDA581FC88" author="Nielsen, J. C. & Grijseels, S. & Prigent, S. & Ji, B. & Dainat, J. & Nielsen, K. F. & Frisvad, J. C. & Workman, M. & Nielsen, J." box="[1290,1473,791,810]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref10061" refString="Nielsen, J. C., Grijseels, S., Prigent, S., Ji, B., Dainat, J., Nielsen, K. F., Frisvad, J. C., Workman, M., Nielsen, J., 2017. Global analysis of biosynthetic gene clusters reveals vast potential of secondary metabolite production in Penicillium species. Nat. Microbiol. 2 https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / nmicrobiol. 2017.44." type="book" year="2017">Nielsen et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
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). Those data suggest that most fungi may have the potential to produce abundant metabolites.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7F6736C8FFAE8655133AFCC1A42FFB4A" blockId="4.[818,1488,316,1703]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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In microbial fermentation research, researchers know that the culture conditions of a microorganism are critical to the diversity and abundance of metabolites. Zeeck and colleagues formalized an approach named OSMAC, which means that a microbial strain is able to produce different natural products when cultivated under various conditions. In recent years, a series of structurally undescribed compounds with multiple activities have been isolated and identified from fungi by the OSMAC strategy. The fermented mycelia of
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<taxonomicName id="B8D84D4BFFAE865514B7FB87A503FBE2" authority="(Willd.)" box="[1244,1347,1069,1088]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Stereaceae" genus="Stereum" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="hirsutum">
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<emphasis id="4DACEADAFFAE865514B7FB87A503FBE2" bold="true" box="[1244,1347,1069,1088]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. hirsutum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have been reported to produce abundantly active metabolites (
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<bibRefCitation id="1B494B39FFAE86551576FBE3A581FBFF" author="Tian, M. & Zhao, P. & Li, G. & Zhang, K." box="[1309,1473,1097,1117]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="8" refId="ref10500" refString="Tian, M., Zhao, P., Li, G., Zhang, K., 2020. In depth natural product discovery from the basidiomycetes Stereum species. Microorganisms 8. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / microorganisms 8071049." type="book chapter" year="2020">Tian et al., 2020</bibRefCitation>
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). After Dimitrios Floudas reported the whole genome of
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<taxonomicName id="B8D84D4BFFAE8655150FFBCFA58FFBDA" authority="(Willd.)" box="[1380,1487,1125,1144]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Stereaceae" genus="Stereum" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="hirsutum">
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<emphasis id="4DACEADAFFAE8655150FFBCFA58FFBDA" bold="true" box="[1380,1487,1125,1144]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. hirsutum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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FP-91666, we found that several terpene synthase gene clusters, six polyketide synthase gene clusters, and one polyketide synthase nonribosomal polypeptide heterodimer gene cluster are present in
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<taxonomicName id="B8D84D4BFFAE86551359FB7FA42BFB4A" authority="(Willd.)" baseAuthorityName="Lackner" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[818,1131,1237,1256]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Stereaceae" genus="Stereum" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="hirsutum">
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<emphasis id="4DACEADAFFAE86551359FB7FA3D7FB4A" bold="true" box="[818,919,1237,1256]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. hirsutum</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="1B494B39FFAE865513CEFB7FA421FB4A" author="Lackner, G. & Misiek, M. & Braesel, J. & Hoffmeister, D." box="[933,1121,1237,1256]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="996 - 1003" refId="ref9643" refString="Lackner, G., Misiek, M., Braesel, J., Hoffmeister, D., 2012. Genome mining reveals the evolutionary origin and biosynthetic potential of basidiomycete polyketide synthases. Fungal Genet. Biol. 49, 996 - 1003. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. fgb. 2012.09.009." type="journal article" year="2012">Lackner et al., 2012</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7F6736C8FFAE8655133AFB5BA5F9F904" blockId="4.[818,1488,316,1703]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="B8D84D4BFFAE8655133AFB5BA3B2FAA6" authority="(Willd.)" box="[849,1010,1265,1284]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Stereaceae" genus="Stereum" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="hirsutum">
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<emphasis id="4DACEADAFFAE8655133AFB5BA3B2FAA6" bold="true" box="[849,1010,1265,1284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Stereum hirsutum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can often serve as a host to algae and is even parasitized by the fungus
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<taxonomicName id="B8D84D4BFFAE86551441FAA6A48BFA82" authority="Schwein." box="[1066,1227,1292,1312]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Nectriaceae" genus="Tremella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="aurantia">
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<emphasis id="4DACEADAFFAE86551441FAA6A48BFA82" bold="true" box="[1066,1227,1292,1312]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Tremella aurantia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to form the heterogeneous complex basidiocarp Jin’ er (golden jelly fungus) (
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<bibRefCitation id="1B494B39FFAE86551573FA83A322FAFA" author="Bandoni, R. J. & Zang, M." pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="270 - 273" refId="ref8681" refString="Bandoni, R. J., Zang, M., 1990. On an undescribed Tremella from China. Mycologia 82, 270 - 273. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3759859." type="journal article" year="1990">Bandoni and Zang, 1990</bibRefCitation>
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; Liu and S.F, 1994), which has been traditionally used as food and crude medicine in Chinese society (
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<bibRefCitation id="1B494B39FFAE865514EFFACAA501FAD6" author="Dai, Y. & Yang, Z." box="[1156,1345,1376,1396]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="801 - 824" refId="ref9036" refString="Dai, Y., Yang, Z., 2008. A revised checklist of medicinal fungi in China. Mygosystema 27, 801 - 824. https: // doi. org / 10.3969 / j. issn. 1672 - 6472.2008.06.001." type="journal article" year="2008">Dai and Yang, 2008</bibRefCitation>
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). According to “Chinese Medicinal Fungi”, basidiocarp Jin’ er can be used to treat lung heat, cough, asthma, and hypertension. In our previous work, we isolated and identified some quaternary ammonium compounds of sesquiterpenes and amino acids from YMG medium, but the content was low. At present, we have further discovered some quaternary ammonium compounds through the OSMAC strategy (
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<bibRefCitation id="1B494B39FFAE86551494F9A2A5E6F9B9" author="Duan, Y. - C. & Feng, J. & Bai, N. & Li, G. - H. & Zhang, K. - Q. & Zhao, P. - J." box="[1279,1446,1544,1563]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="213 - 217" refId="ref9081" refString="Duan, Y. - C., Feng, J., Bai, N., Li, G. - H., Zhang, K. - Q., Zhao, P. - J., 2018. Four novel antibacterial sesquiterpene-alpha-amino acid quaternary ammonium hybrids from the mycelium of mushroom Stereum hirsutum. Fitoterapia 128, 213 - 217. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. fitote. 2018.05.026." type="journal article" year="2018">Duan et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="1B494B39FFAE865515D8F9A2A3DDF995" author="Hu, Q. - Y. & Duan, Y. - C. & Pu, X. - J. & Li, S. - S. & Li, G. - H. & Zhao, P. - J." pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref9426" refString="Hu, Q. - Y., Duan, Y. - C., Pu, X. - J., Li, S. - S., Li, G. - H., Zhao, P. - J., 2020. Stereumamides E- H, four new minor quaternary ammonium hybrids from Stereum hirsutum. Nat. Prod. Res. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14786419.2020.1779266." type="book" year="2020">Hu et al., 2020</bibRefCitation>
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) and isolated a drimane-type sesquiterpene from the strain for the first time. These sesquiterpenoids and their quaternary ammonium compounds showed weak antibacterial activities, which is found in the mycelium of
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<taxonomicName id="B8D84D4BFFAE86551386F9DDA413F928" authority="(Willd.)" box="[1005,1107,1655,1674]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Stereaceae" genus="Stereum" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="hirsutum">
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<emphasis id="4DACEADAFFAE86551386F9DDA413F928" bold="true" box="[1005,1107,1655,1674]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. hirsutum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and would suggest heterogeneous complex basidiocarp to be a functional food and veritable folk medicine.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |