224 lines
25 KiB
XML
224 lines
25 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="6756090B678D1BEDDB170AEC0D2071C5"><strong> A revision of the genus <em> Thouarella </ em> Gray, 1870 (Octocorallia: Primnoidae), including an illustrated dichotomous key, a new species description, and comments on <em> Plumarella </ em> Gray, 1870 and <em> Dasystenella </ em>, Versluys, 1906 </ strong></mods:title>
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<emphasis id="54EB8563FFE4FF8AFF0AA9A5FE6F0C97" bold="true" box="[151,389,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Plumarella superba</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="54EB8563FFE4FF8AFF0AA86DFE4A0D53" box="[151,416,799,821]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Primnodendron superbum</emphasis>
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, pl. 9, fig. 2, 2a; pl. 19, fig. 4
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<treatmentCitation id="E73E7F60FFE4FF8AFF0AA84FFD3E0D35" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[151,724,829,851]" page="412" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" year="1919">
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<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFE4FF8AFF0AA84FFD3E0D35" ID-CoL="99QZ8" authority="Kukenthal 1919: 412" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityPageNumber="412" authorityYear="1919" box="[151,724,829,851]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="superba" subGenus="Amphilaphis">
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<emphasis id="54EB8563FFE4FF8AFF0AA84FFEED0D35" box="[151,263,829,851]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Thouarella</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="54EB8563FFE4FF8AFE88A84FFE7F0D35" box="[277,405,829,851]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Amphilaphis</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="54EB8563FFE4FF8AFE39A84FFE1F0D35" box="[420,501,829,851]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">superba</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="020E2480FFE4FF8AFE61A84FFD3E0D35" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[508,724,829,851]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="1 - 946" refId="ref63404" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1919) Gorgonaria. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutschen Tiefsee - Expedition auf dem Dampfer " Valdivia " 1898 - 1899, 13, 1 - 946 pp." type="book chapter" year="1919">Kükenthal 1919: 412</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<paragraph id="66205971FFE4FF8AFF0AA82EFD350D17" blockId="97.[151,1155,798,943]" box="[151,735,859,882]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFE4FF8AFF0AA82EFDCD0D17" ID-CoL="99QZ8" authority="Dautova 2007: 299" authorityName="Dautova" authorityPageNumber="299" authorityYear="2007" box="[151,551,859,882]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="superba">
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<emphasis id="54EB8563FFE4FF8AFF0AA82EFEB50D14" box="[151,351,860,882]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Thouarella superba</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="020E2480FFE4FF8AFEF9A82EFDCD0D17" author="Dautova, T." box="[356,551,859,881]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="297 - 304" refId="ref62591" refString="Dautova, T. (2007) Gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) of the northwestern Sea of Japan. Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 33 (5), 297 - 304. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1134 / S 1063074007050045" type="journal article" year="2007">Dautova 2007: 299</bibRefCitation>
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(sample not seen)
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<paragraph id="66205971FFE4FF8AFF0AA808FB690DF6" blockId="97.[151,1155,798,943]" box="[151,1155,890,912]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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<treatmentCitation id="E73E7F60FFE4FF8AFF0AA808FD030DF6" author="Cairns, S. D. & Bayer, F. M." box="[151,745,890,912]" page="28" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" year="2009">
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<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFE4FF8AFF0AA808FD030DF6" ID-CoL="99QZ8" authority="Cairns & Bayer 2009: 28" authorityName="Cairns & Bayer" authorityPageNumber="28" authorityYear="2009" box="[151,745,890,912]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="superba" subGenus="Thouarella">
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<emphasis id="54EB8563FFE4FF8AFF0AA808FE0F0DF6" box="[151,485,890,912]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Thouarella (Thouarella) superba</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="020E2480FFE4FF8AFE76A808FD030DF6" author="Cairns, S. D. & Bayer, F. M." box="[491,745,890,912]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref62273" refString="Cairns, S. D. & Bayer, F. M. (2009) A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 629, 1 - 79. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.629" type="journal article" year="2009">Cairns & Bayer 2009: 28</bibRefCitation>
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(listed);
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<treatmentCitation id="E73E7F60FFE4FF8AFCDBA808FBDF0DF6" author="Heifetz, J. & Wing, B. L. & Stone, R. P. & Malecha, P. W. & Courtney, D. L." box="[838,1077,890,912]" page="133" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" year="2005">
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<bibRefCitation id="020E2480FFE4FF8AFCDBA808FBDF0DF6" author="Heifetz, J. & Wing, B. L. & Stone, R. P. & Malecha, P. W. & Courtney, D. L." box="[838,1077,890,912]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="131 - 138" refId="ref62975" refString="Heifetz, J., Wing, B. L., Stone, R. P., Malecha, P. W. & Courtney, D. L. (2005) Corals of the Aleutian Islands. Fisheries Oceanography, 14, 131 - 138. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2419.2005.00371. x" type="journal article" year="2005">Heifetz et al. 2005: 133</bibRefCitation>
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(listed)
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<paragraph id="66205971FFE4FF8AFF0AA8EBFD560DC9" blockId="97.[151,1155,798,943]" box="[151,700,921,943]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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<treatmentCitation id="E73E7F60FFE4FF8AFF0AA8EBFDC50DC9" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[151,559,921,943]" page="14" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" year="2011">
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<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFE4FF8AFF0AA8EBFDC50DC9" ID-CoL="4KJ6Q" authority="Cairns 2011: 13 - 14" authorityName="Cairns" authorityPageNumber="13 - 14" authorityYear="2011" box="[151,559,921,943]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Plumarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="superba">
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<emphasis id="54EB8563FFE4FF8AFF0AA8EBFE8A0DC9" box="[151,352,921,943]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Plumarella superba</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="020E2480FFE4FF8AFEFBA8EBFDC50DC9" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[358,559,921,943]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref62221" refString="Cairns, S. D. (2011) A revision of the Primnoidae (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) from the Aleutian Islands and Bering Sea. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 634, 1 - 55. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.634" type="journal article" year="2011">Cairns 2011: 13–14</bibRefCitation>
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, figs 2C, 9a–l
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<emphasis id="54EB8563FFE4FF8AFF0AA8AEFE9E0D92" box="[151,372,988,1012]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Material examined</emphasis>
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:
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<materialsCitation id="D6F7532CFFE4FF8AFE11A8AEFBB40A71" collectingDate="1906-06-05" collectorName="V Albatross" county="North Pacific" elevation="105" location="Northwestern Pacific Expedition" municipality="western Aleutian Islands" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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, USNM 50150, R/
|
||
<collectorName id="CB6A3CA7FFE4FF8AFD74A8AEFC9D0D92" box="[745,887,988,1012]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
V
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFE4FF8AFC90A8AEFC9D0D92" box="[781,887,988,1012]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Albatross</emphasis>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="63400FAAFFE4FF8AFC13A8AEFAF80D92" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EE36E867FFE4FF8AFF0AA9A5FD340852:63400FAAFFE4FF8AFC13A8AEFAF80D92" box="[910,1298,988,1012]" county="North Pacific" municipality="western Aleutian Islands" name="Northwestern Pacific Expedition" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Northwestern Pacific Expedition</location>
|
||
, sta. 4778,
|
||
<location id="63400FAAFFE4FF8AFF0AA88DFE610A71" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EE36E867FFE4FF8AFF0AA9A5FD340852:63400FAAFFE4FF8AFF0AA88DFE610A71" box="[151,395,1023,1047]" county="North Pacific" municipality="western Aleutian Islands" name="Semisopochini Island" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Semisopochini Island</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="8644C30BFFE4FF8AFE0AAF72FD440A71" box="[407,686,1023,1047]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">western Aleutian Islands</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="8F4121FDFFE4FF8AFD24A88DFCB90A71" box="[697,851,1023,1047]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">North Pacific</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFE4FF8AFCC3A88DFC3A0A71" box="[862,976,1023,1047]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.055" metricValueMax="1.33" metricValueMin="0.78" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" unit="m" value="105.5" valueMax="133.0" valueMin="78.0">
|
||
<elevation id="EDB2BE42FFE4FF8AFCC3A88DFC3A0A71" box="[862,976,1023,1047]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.055" metricValueMax="1.33" metricValueMin="0.78" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" unit="m" value="105.5" valueMax="133.0" valueMin="78.0">78–133 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="12217FB1FFE4FF8AFC41A88DFBB00A71" box="[988,1114,1023,1047]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" value="1906-06-05">
|
||
<collectingDate id="02658659FFE4FF8AFC41A88DFBB00A71" box="[988,1114,1023,1047]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" value="1906-06-05">5 Jun 1906</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFE4FF8AFF0AAF3AFEF10A39" blockId="97.[151,565,1096,1156]" box="[151,283,1096,1119]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFE4FF8AFF0AAF3AFEF10A39" box="[151,283,1096,1119]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFE4FF8AFF0AAF1EFDDF0AE2" blockId="97.[151,565,1096,1156]" box="[151,565,1132,1156]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
See full description in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="020E2480FFE4FF8AFE09AF1EFDDB0AE2" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[404,561,1132,1156]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref62221" refString="Cairns, S. D. (2011) A revision of the Primnoidae (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) from the Aleutian Islands and Bering Sea. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 634, 1 - 55. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.634" type="journal article" year="2011">Cairns (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFE4FF8AFF0AAFC6FECA0AAA" blockId="97.[151,1436,1204,1300]" box="[151,288,1204,1228]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFE4FF8AFF0AAFC6FECA0AAA" box="[151,288,1204,1228]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFE4FF8AFF0AAFA5FE520B75" blockId="97.[151,1436,1204,1300]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="D6F7532CFFE4FF8AFF0AAFA5FE520B75" county="Sakhalin Island" elevation="81" location="This" municipality="Pacific" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="63400FAAFFE4FF8AFF0AAFA5FF230A89" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EE36E867FFE4FF8AFF0AA9A5FD340852:63400FAAFFE4FF8AFF0AAFA5FF230A89" box="[151,201,1239,1263]" county="Sakhalin Island" municipality="Pacific" name="This" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">This</location>
|
||
species occurs in the
|
||
<location id="63400FAAFFE4FF8AFE22AFA5FD930A89" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EE36E867FFE4FF8AFF0AA9A5FD340852:63400FAAFFE4FF8AFE22AFA5FD930A89" box="[447,633,1239,1263]" county="Sakhalin Island" municipality="Pacific" name="Aleutian Islands" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Aleutian Islands</location>
|
||
, possibly to the western boreal
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="8644C30BFFE4FF8AFC46AFA5FBC60A89" box="[987,1068,1239,1263]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Pacific</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="8F4121FDFFE4FF8AFBAAAFA5FB0E0A89" box="[1079,1252,1239,1263]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Sakhalin Island</collectingCounty>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="020E2480FFE4FF8AFB6EAFA5FA7E0A89" author="Dautova, T." box="[1267,1428,1239,1263]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="297 - 304" refId="ref62591" refString="Dautova, T. (2007) Gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) of the northwestern Sea of Japan. Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 33 (5), 297 - 304. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1134 / S 1063074007050045" type="journal article" year="2007">Dautova 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) at depths from
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFE4FF8AFEA2AF8EFE590B75" box="[319,435,1276,1300]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.1" metricValueMax="13.3" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" unit="m" value="81.0" valueMax="133.0" valueMin="29.0">
|
||
<elevation id="EDB2BE42FFE4FF8AFEA2AF8EFE590B75" box="[319,435,1276,1300]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.1" metricValueMax="13.3" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" unit="m" value="81.0" valueMax="133.0" valueMin="29.0">29–133 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFE4FF8AFF0AAE36FF130B3A" blockId="97.[151,1436,1348,1588]" box="[151,249,1348,1372]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFE4FF8AFF0AAE36FF130B3A" box="[151,249,1348,1372]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFE4FF8AFF0AAE15FE7C0BA1" blockId="97.[151,1436,1348,1588]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">The gross morphology of the colony is dichotomously uniplanar, with clear dorsal and ventral faces. The branches have branchlets on all sides in a bottlebrush arrangement, however, ventral and dorsal branchlets are much shorter than lateral branchlets.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFE4FF8AFF5AAEA6FD340852" blockId="97.[151,1436,1348,1588]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
The lack of a keel on the inner surface of the marginals suggests that this species is a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFE4FF8AFB1AAEA6FAEE0B8A" baseAuthorityName="Cairns" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[1159,1284,1492,1516]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Plumarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFE4FF8AFB1AAEA6FAEE0B8A" box="[1159,1284,1492,1516]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Plumarella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as the genus description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFE4FF8AFEA2AE8AFE560876" baseAuthorityName="Cairns" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[319,444,1528,1552]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Plumarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFE4FF8AFEA2AE8AFE560876" box="[319,444,1528,1552]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Plumarella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is now known to include bottlebrush colonies and specifically species with a smooth inner marginal surface, i.e. unkeeled (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="020E2480FFE4FF8AFDA0AD6EFD390852" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[573,723,1564,1588]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="413 - 440" refId="ref62159" refString="Cairns, S. D. (2010) Review of Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Hawai'i and adjacent seamounts. Part 3: Genera Thouarella, Plumarella, Callogorgia, Fanellia, and Parastenella. Pacific Science, 64 (3), 413 - 440. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2984 / 64.3.413" type="journal article" year="2010">Cairns, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |