277 lines
32 KiB
XML
277 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="261983CEFEF92D11A248E6C1A9D70527" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3602.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5259143" ID-ZooBank="10304FBF-3969-4EFA-83F1-BB8A5E2B37F3" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629836269209" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="TAYLOR, M. L., CAIRNS, S. D., AGNEW, D. J. & ROGERS, A. D." docDate="2013" docId="EE36E867FFDCFFB1FF0AA9C1FDF80E91" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03602p105.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3602 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3602.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Thouarella biserialis" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="90" masterDocId="120F901FFF85FFEBFF9DAB72FFEA0E66" masterDocTitle="<strong> A revision of the genus <em> Thouarella </ em> Gray, 1870 (Octocorallia: Primnoidae), including an illustrated dichotomous key, a new species description, and comments on <em> Plumarella </ em> Gray, 1870 and <em> Dasystenella </ em>, Versluys, 1906 </ strong>" masterLastPageNumber="105" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="90" updateTime="1699119148921" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="4100D29A2283616D7AB799C266D79CE1"><strong> A revision of the genus <em> Thouarella </ em> Gray, 1870 (Octocorallia: Primnoidae), including an illustrated dichotomous key, a new species description, and comments on <em> Plumarella </ em> Gray, 1870 and <em> Dasystenella </ em>, Versluys, 1906 </ strong></mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A5E22BBD51B52485E4D0B8AFC0E6394E">TAYLOR, M. L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C0A8258CFC83866437115DCFD72CA90B">CAIRNS, S. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="72F38DBF78BC2FFAD54103B0CDCEF91F">AGNEW, D. J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="00EB54BD4B144E73B2A92A073B63656D">ROGERS, A. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C3CA8E5BC5B676C563406094D728A36B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="98375F4A68B270D3CADF4F6C4098BB30">
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<mods:date id="F543DE520FA72DCE35EC3FBFA418E1BA">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="15CC21330317E0D5FA0B318F77FAD10F">3602</mods:number>
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<emphasis id="54EB8563FFDCFFB2FF0AA9C1FD680CAB" bold="true" box="[151,642,691,718]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
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24.
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<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFDCFFB2FF5EA9C6FD680CAB" ID-CoL="56L5S" authority="(Nutting, 1908)" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[195,642,691,718]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="biserialis">
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<emphasis id="54EB8563FFDCFFB2FF5EA9C6FE540CA8" bold="true" box="[195,446,692,718]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Thouarella biserialis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="020E2480FFDCFFB2FE50A9C1FD900CAB" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[461,634,691,717]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="543 - 601" refId="ref63800" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1908) Descriptions of the Alcyonaria collected by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross in the vicinity of the Hawaiian Islands in 1902. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 34, 543 - 601. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.34 - 1624.543" type="journal article" year="1908">Nutting, 1908</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="2E850AFAFFDCFFB2FF0AA988FCC00D0A" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="66205971FFDCFFB2FF0AA988FB470D76" blockId="89.[151,1435,762,877]" box="[151,1197,762,784]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
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<treatmentCitation id="E73E7F60FFDCFFB2FF0AA988FDAE0D76" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[151,580,762,784]" page="573" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" year="1908">
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<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFDCFFB2FF0AA988FDAE0D76" ID-CoL="D2ZQ" authority="Nutting, 1908: 573" authorityName="Nutting" authorityPageNumber="573" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,580,762,784]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Amphilaphis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="biserialis">
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<emphasis id="54EB8563FFDCFFB2FF0AA988FE910D76" box="[151,379,762,784]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Amphilaphis biserialis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="020E2480FFDCFFB2FE1FA988FDAE0D76" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[386,580,762,784]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="543 - 601" refId="ref63800" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1908) Descriptions of the Alcyonaria collected by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross in the vicinity of the Hawaiian Islands in 1902. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 34, 543 - 601. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.34 - 1624.543" type="journal article" year="1908">Nutting, 1908: 573</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 43, fig. 4, pl. 47, fig. 4;
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<bibRefCitation id="020E2480FFDCFFB2FCFDA988FBB50D76" author="Cairns, S. D. & Bayer, F. M." box="[864,1119,762,784]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref62273" refString="Cairns, S. D. & Bayer, F. M. (2009) A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 629, 1 - 79. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.629" type="journal article" year="2009">Cairns & Bayer 2009: 28</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(listed)
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="66205971FFDCFFB2FF0AA86BFE5F0D28" blockId="89.[151,1435,762,877]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
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<treatmentCitation id="E73E7F60FFDCFFB2FF0AA86BFD690D49" author="Kinoshita, K." box="[151,643,793,815]" page="520" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" year="1908">
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<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFDCFFB2FF0AA86BFD690D49" ID-CoL="56L5S" authority="Kinoshita 1908 c: 519 - 520" authorityName="Kinoshita" authorityPageNumber="519 - 520" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,643,793,815]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="biserialis">
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<emphasis id="54EB8563FFDCFFB2FF0AA86BFE810D49" box="[151,363,793,815]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Thouarella biserialis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="020E2480FFDCFFB2FEEEA86BFD690D49" author="Kinoshita, K." box="[371,643,793,815]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="517 - 528" refId="ref63185" refString="Kinoshita, K. (1908 c) Gorgonacea no ikka Primnoidae ni tsuite. Dobutsugaku zasshi [Zoological Magazine], 20 (242), 517 - 528. (In Japanese, translation at NMNH)." type="journal article" year="1908">Kinoshita 1908c: 519–520</bibRefCitation>
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, 2 text figs;
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<treatmentCitation id="E73E7F60FFDCFFB2FC9EA86BFC300D49" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[771,986,793,815]" page="151" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" year="1915">
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<bibRefCitation id="020E2480FFDCFFB2FC9EA86BFC300D49" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[771,986,793,815]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="142 - 158" refId="ref63379" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1915) System und Stammesgeschichte der Primnoidae. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 46 (5), 142 - 158." type="journal article" year="1915">Kükenthal 1915: 151</bibRefCitation>
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(listed); 1919: 438–9; 1924: 301;
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<treatmentCitation id="E73E7F60FFDCFFB2FAA7A86BFE8D0D28" author="Parrish, F. A. & Baco, A. R." page="192" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" year="2007">
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<bibRefCitation id="020E2480FFDCFFB2FAA7A86BFE8D0D28" author="Parrish, F. A. & Baco, A. R." pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="155 - 194" refId="ref64089" refString="Parrish, F. A. & Baco, A. R. (2007) State of deep coral ecosystems in the U. S. Pacific Islands Region: Hawaii and the U. S. Pacific Territories. In: Lumsden, S. E., Hourigan, T. F., Bruckner, A. W. and Dorr, G (Eds.) The State of Deep Coral Ecosystems of the United States. Silver Spring, MD, USA, U. S. Dept. Com., NOAA Tech. Memo CRCP - 3, 155 - 194 pp." type="book chapter" year="2007">Parrish & Baco 2007: 192</bibRefCitation>
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(listed)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="66205971FFDCFFB2FF0AA825FCC00D0A" blockId="89.[151,1435,762,877]" box="[151,810,854,877]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="468F7E5FFFDCFFB2FF0AA825FCC00D0A" box="[151,810,854,877]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
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<treatmentCitation id="E73E7F60FFDCFFB2FF0AA825FD270D0A" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[151,717,854,877]" page="417" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" year="2010">
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<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFDCFFB2FF0AA825FD270D0A" ID-CoL="56L5S" authority="Cairns, 2010: 417" authorityName="Cairns" authorityPageNumber="417" authorityYear="2010" box="[151,717,854,877]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="biserialis" subGenus="Diplocalyptra">
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<emphasis id="54EB8563FFDCFFB2FF0AA825FDFA0D0B" box="[151,528,855,877]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Thouarella (Diplocalyptra) biserialis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="020E2480FFDCFFB2FD8BA824FD270D0A" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[534,717,854,876]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="413 - 440" refId="ref62159" refString="Cairns, S. D. (2010) Review of Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Hawai'i and adjacent seamounts. Part 3: Genera Thouarella, Plumarella, Callogorgia, Fanellia, and Parastenella. Pacific Science, 64 (3), 413 - 440. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2984 / 64.3.413" type="journal article" year="2010">Cairns, 2010: 417</bibRefCitation>
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, figs 2–3
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<emphasis id="54EB8563FFDCFFB2FF0AA8EBFE9A0DD7" box="[151,368,921,945]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Material examined</emphasis>
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:
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<materialsCitation id="D6F7532CFFDCFFB2FE18A8EBFB6E0DB3" collectingDate="1902-06" county="Albatross" elevation="250" location="Kaua'i Island" municipality="Mawiliwili" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hawaii" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="54EB8563FFDCFFB2FE18A8EBFE180DD7" bold="true" box="[389,498,921,945]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
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<typeStatus id="B924E7D3FFDCFFB2FE18A8EBFE180DD7" box="[389,498,921,945]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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, USNM 22583, USFWS
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFDCFFB2FCB8A8EBFC650DD7" box="[805,911,921,945]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
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<collectingCounty id="8F4121FDFFDCFFB2FCB8A8EBFC650DD7" box="[805,911,921,945]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Albatross</collectingCounty>
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</emphasis>
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398210,
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="8644C30BFFDCFFB2FB99A8EBFB690DD7" box="[1028,1155,921,945]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Mawiliwili</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location id="63400FAAFFDCFFB2FB0EA8EBFAD90DD7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EE36E867FFDCFFB1FF0AA9C1FDF80E91:63400FAAFFDCFFB2FB0EA8EBFAD90DD7" box="[1171,1331,921,945]" county="Albatross" municipality="Mawiliwili" name="Kaua'i Island" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" stateProvince="Hawaii">Kaua’i Island</location>
|
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,
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<collectingRegion id="A45B9793FFDCFFB2FAD9A8EBFA720DD7" box="[1348,1432,921,945]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
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,
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<location id="63400FAAFFDCFFB2FF0AA8CFFE940DB3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EE36E867FFDCFFB1FF0AA9C1FDF80E91:63400FAAFFDCFFB2FF0AA8CFFE940DB3" box="[151,382,957,981]" county="Albatross" municipality="Mawiliwili" name="North Pacific Ocean" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" stateProvince="Hawaii">North Pacific Ocean</location>
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, 21˚56’25”N, 159˚21’40”W,
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFDCFFB2FD58A8CFFCD20DB3" box="[709,824,957,981]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.495" metricValueMax="4.26" metricValueMin="0.73" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" unit="m" value="249.5" valueMax="426.0" valueMin="73.0">
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<elevation id="EDB2BE42FFDCFFB2FD58A8CFFCD20DB3" box="[709,824,957,981]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.495" metricValueMax="4.26" metricValueMin="0.73" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" unit="m" value="249.5" valueMax="426.0" valueMin="73.0">73–426 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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||
<date id="12217FB1FFDCFFB2FCD9A8CCFC530DB3" box="[836,953,957,981]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" value="1902-06">
|
||
<collectingDate id="02658659FFDCFFB2FCD9A8CCFC530DB3" box="[836,953,957,981]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" value="1902-06">June 1902</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 2 short branches.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="66205971FFDCFFB2FF0AAF74FEF10A7B" blockId="89.[151,1436,1030,1665]" box="[151,283,1030,1053]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
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<emphasis id="54EB8563FFDCFFB2FF0AAF74FEF10A7B" box="[151,283,1030,1053]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFDCFFB2FF0AAF5BFD6D0A27" blockId="89.[151,1436,1030,1665]" box="[151,647,1065,1089]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
|
||
Modified from description in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="020E2480FFDCFFB2FE79AF5BFD680A27" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[484,642,1065,1089]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="413 - 440" refId="ref62159" refString="Cairns, S. D. (2010) Review of Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Hawai'i and adjacent seamounts. Part 3: Genera Thouarella, Plumarella, Callogorgia, Fanellia, and Parastenella. Pacific Science, 64 (3), 413 - 440. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2984 / 64.3.413" type="journal article" year="2010">Cairns (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFDCFFB2FF5AAF3FFC2F0A93" blockId="89.[151,1436,1030,1665]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="B924E7D3FFDCFFB2FF61AF3FFE8B0A03" box="[252,353,1101,1125]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, now in 2 fragments of
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFDCFFB2FDE5AF3FFD580A03" box="[632,690,1101,1125]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFDCFFB2FD70AF3FFCCD0A03" box="[749,807,1101,1125]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
|
||
length, appears to be from a dichotomously branched, uniplanar colony. The polyps are cylindrical to clavate,
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFDCFFB2FC8EAF03FC710AEF" box="[787,923,1137,1161]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" unit="mm" value="1.35" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, curved upward at 45°, and arranged in pairs standing on opposite sides of the branchlets with the plane of the colony. The polyps are rarely in whorls of 3. There are 6–7 scales in 8 longitudinal rows,
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFDCFFB2FD07AFCBFD090AB7" box="[666,739,1209,1233]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.397" metricValueMax="1.524" metricValueMin="1.27" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" unit="in" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 in</quantity>
|
||
the outer lateral rows,
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFDCFFB2FC6CAFCBFBD00AB7" box="[1009,1082,1209,1233]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" metricValueMax="7.62" metricValueMin="5.08" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" unit="in" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 in</quantity>
|
||
the inner lateral rows and 1–2 adaxially. Adaxial rows are short, revealing a largely naked adaxial face.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFDCFFB2FF5AAE73FD530B07" blockId="89.[151,1436,1030,1665]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">The operculars are lanceolate to widely-triangular, small (up to 280 µm high), and bluntly tipped, with a H:W of 1.6–2.0. The outer opercular surface is flat and has granules proximally whilst the distal inner surface is smooth (unkeeled), bearing rounded longitudinal bulges.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFDCFFB2FF5AAE1FFDAA0BAB" blockId="89.[151,1436,1030,1665]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">The marginal scales are triangular, up to 400 µm high, with a H:W of 1.5–1.8, with a wide multi-keel area on the inner surface and granules sparsely covering the outer surface. The marginal scales fold over the smaller operculars, shielding them from view.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFDCFFB2FF5AAEABFA640873" blockId="89.[151,1436,1030,1665]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">The body-wall scales are often wider than high, up to 290 µm high with a H:W of 0.67–1.1. Those in the upper part of the polyp have a series of longitudinal ridges on the distal inner surface, resulting in a serrated distal edge.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFDCFFB2FF5AAD53FE92083B" blockId="89.[151,1436,1030,1665]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">The coenenchymal scales are elliptical, up to 300 µm in diameter and their outer surface is concave and smooth with some granules.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFDCFFB2FF5AAD18FDF208E7" blockId="89.[151,1436,1030,1665]" box="[199,536,1641,1665]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
|
||
For images see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="020E2480FFDCFFB2FEEBAD1BFDFE08E7" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[374,532,1641,1665]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="413 - 440" refId="ref62159" refString="Cairns, S. D. (2010) Review of Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Hawai'i and adjacent seamounts. Part 3: Genera Thouarella, Plumarella, Callogorgia, Fanellia, and Parastenella. Pacific Science, 64 (3), 413 - 440. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2984 / 64.3.413" type="journal article" year="2010">Cairns (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFDCFFB2FF0AADC3FECA08AF" blockId="89.[151,1089,1713,1774]" box="[151,288,1713,1737]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFDCFFB2FF0AADC3FECA08AF" box="[151,288,1713,1737]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFDCFFB2FF0AADA4FBAB088B" blockId="89.[151,1089,1713,1774]" box="[151,1089,1749,1774]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="D6F7532CFFDCFFB2FF0AADA4FBAB088B" box="[151,1089,1749,1774]" elevation="250" location="Kaua'i" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hawaii">
|
||
Known only from
|
||
<typeStatus id="B924E7D3FFDCFFB2FEFBADA4FE7C0888" box="[358,406,1750,1774]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality southeast of
|
||
<location id="63400FAAFFDCFFB2FD1BADA7FD3F088B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EE36E867FFDCFFB1FF0AA9C1FDF80E91:63400FAAFFDCFFB2FD1BADA7FD3F088B" box="[646,725,1749,1773]" name="Kaua'i" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" stateProvince="Hawaii">Kaua’i</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A45B9793FFDCFFB2FD7DADA7FCDE088B" box="[736,820,1749,1773]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
, at depths of
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFDCFFB2FC54ADA7FBD7088B" box="[969,1085,1749,1773]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.495" metricValueMax="4.26" metricValueMin="0.73" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" unit="m" value="249.5" valueMax="426.0" valueMin="73.0">
|
||
<elevation id="EDB2BE42FFDCFFB2FC54ADA7FBD7088B" box="[969,1085,1749,1773]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.495" metricValueMax="4.26" metricValueMin="0.73" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" unit="m" value="249.5" valueMax="426.0" valueMin="73.0">73–426 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFDCFFB2FF0AAC6FFEC60953" blockId="89.[151,1436,1821,2025]" box="[151,300,1821,1845]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFDCFFB2FF0AAC6FFEC60953" box="[151,300,1821,1845]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Comparisons</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFDCFFB1FF0AAC33FDF80E91" blockId="89.[151,1436,1821,2025]" lastBlockId="90.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="90" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
|
||
Being dichotomously branched with polyps in pairs,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFDCFFB2FC97AC30FC79093F" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2010" box="[778,915,1857,1881]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="biserialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFDCFFB2FC97AC30FC79093F" box="[778,915,1857,1881]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">T. biserialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is comparable to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFDCFFB2FBF3AC30FB38093F" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityYear="1915" box="[1134,1234,1858,1881]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parva">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFDCFFB2FBF3AC30FB38093F" box="[1134,1234,1858,1881]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">T. parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFDCFFB2FA8DAC30FA7F093F" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityYear="1915" box="[1296,1429,1858,1881]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="coronata">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFDCFFB2FA8DAC30FA7F093F" box="[1296,1429,1858,1881]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">T. coronata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFDCFFB2FF0AAC17FEB0091B" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,346,1893,1917]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parva">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFDCFFB2FF0AAC17FEB0091B" box="[151,346,1893,1917]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Thouarella parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFDCFFB2FDBAAC14FD41091B" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2010" box="[551,683,1893,1917]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="biserialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFDCFFB2FDBAAC14FD41091B" box="[551,683,1893,1917]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">T. biserialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as both have polyps that depart branchlets at 45˚ and more rounded marginals than those found on polyps of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFDCFFB2FDC1ACF8FD3109C7" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityYear="1915" box="[604,731,1930,1953]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="coronata">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFDCFFB2FDC1ACF8FD3109C7" box="[604,731,1930,1953]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">T. coronata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the polyps of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFDCFFB2FC6FACF8FB9E09C7" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2010" box="[1010,1140,1929,1953]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="biserialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFDCFFB2FC6FACF8FB9E09C7" box="[1010,1140,1929,1953]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">T. biserialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a distinct keel on the inner surface of marginals, something not clearly illustrated for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFDCFFB2FC14ACDCFC0009A3" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityYear="1915" box="[905,1002,1966,1989]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parva">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFDCFFB2FC14ACDCFC0009A3" box="[905,1002,1966,1989]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">T. parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Additionally, polyps of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFDCFFB2FA89ACDCFA7609A3" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2010" box="[1300,1436,1965,1989]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="biserialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFDCFFB2FA89ACDCFA7609A3" box="[1300,1436,1965,1989]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">T. biserialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appear more clavate than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFDCFFB2FD8AACA0FD9E098F" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityYear="1915" box="[535,628,2002,2025]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parva">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFDCFFB2FD8AACA0FD9E098F" box="[535,628,2002,2025]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">T. parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFDCFFB2FD36ACA0FCD8098F" box="[683,818,2002,2025]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFDCFFB2FD36ACA0FCC4098F" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityYear="1915" box="[683,814,2002,2025]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="coronata">T. coronata</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The polyps of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFDCFFB2FC46ACA0FBB0098F" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityYear="1915" box="[987,1114,2002,2025]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="coronata">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFDCFFB2FC46ACA0FBB0098F" box="[987,1114,2002,2025]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">T. coronata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are a similar size to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFDFFFB1FF0AABEBFEF10ED6" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2010" box="[151,283,152,176]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="biserialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFDFFFB1FF0AABEBFEF10ED6" box="[151,283,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">T. biserialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however, they diverge from branchlets at 90˚ rather than 45˚. Additionally, the polyps of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFDFFFB1FA8AABEBFA760ED6" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2010" box="[1303,1436,152,176]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="biserialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFDFFFB1FA8AABEBFA760ED6" box="[1303,1436,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">T. biserialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are clavate rather than being distally flared, as in
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFDFFFB1FD43ABCFFC8D0EB2" box="[734,871,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFDFFFB1FD43ABCFFC890EB2" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityYear="1915" box="[734,867,189,212]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="coronata">T. coronata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
which also has polyps with taller, more pointed marginals than found on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFDFFFB1FE33AB93FDE10E9E" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityYear="1915" box="[430,523,225,248]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parva">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFDFFFB1FE33AB93FDE10E9E" box="[430,523,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">T. parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |