151 lines
13 KiB
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151 lines
13 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.568.6721" ID-GBIF-Dataset="632624e7-0ca8-4b3d-99a1-a8b06728600e" ID-PMC="PMC4829671" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-568-87" ID-PubMed="27103875" ID-ZBK="F6635BDF82F64747B04FB3C7387D84BA" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-568-87" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 568" ModsDocTitle="Revision of the Japanese species of Epicephala Meyrick with descriptions of seven new species (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae)" checkinTime="1456309300863" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kawakita, Atsushi & Kato, Makoto" docDate="2016" docId="8AE89EA621ACE783D9C7DF34FA5D26C7" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 568: 87-118" docOrigin="ZooKeys 568" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.568.6721" docTitle="Epicephala nudilingua Kawakita & Kato, 2016, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="462F7BC1-3195-449A-A7D7-5846ADFC724D" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="107" masterDocId="AE146C59FB36FFE6FF9DED05F863FFC0" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Japanese species of Epicephala Meyrick with descriptions of seven new species (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae)" masterLastPageNumber="118" masterPageNumber="87" pageNumber="105" updateTime="1668162734509" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of the Japanese species of Epicephala Meyrick with descriptions of seven new species (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kawakita, Atsushi</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kato, Makoto</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>568</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>87</mods:start>
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<mods:end>118</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.568.6721</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.568.6721</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-568-87</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">F6635BDF82F64747B04FB3C7387D84BA</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">F6635BDF82F64747B04FB3C7387D84BA</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127877449" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:462F7BC1-3195-449A-A7D7-5846ADFC724D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8AE89EA621ACE783D9C7DF34FA5D26C7" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="18" pageNumber="105">
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="105" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="105">Taxon classification Animalia Lepidoptera Gracillariidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="105" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="105">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/462F7BC1-3195-449A-A7D7-5846ADFC724D" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala nudilingua" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nudilingua">Epicephala nudilingua</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="18" pageNumber="105">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="105" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="105">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epicephala</taxonomicName>
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sp. ex
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Phyllanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phyllanthus ussuriensis" order="Malpighiales" pageId="18" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ussuriensis">Phyllanthus ussuriensis</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Kawakita, A" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Society B" pageId="23" pageNumber="110" pagination="417 - 426" title="Repeated independent evolution of obligate pollination mutualism in the Phyllantheae-Epicephala association." url="10.1098/rspb.2008.1226" volume="276" year="2009">Kawakita and Kato 2009</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Kawakita, A" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Society B" pageId="23" pageNumber="110" title="Biological Journal of the Linnean Society" url="10.1111/bij.12633" year="2015">Kawakita et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="105" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="105">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="105">
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Aside from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala parasitica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasitica">Epicephala parasitica</taxonomicName>
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, this species is smaller than any other known species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epicephala</taxonomicName>
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. Exaggerated cornutus, spiracle on seventh tergite, bilobed lamella postvaginalis and heavily sclerotized and curved antrum, clearly distinguish this species from other known
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epicephala</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="18" pageNumber="105" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="105">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="105">Wingspan: 7.0-8.3 mm.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="105">
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Head: With numerous gray scales on dorsal surface. Labial palpus dark brown. Antenna dark brown, about 1.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as forewing. Trichoid sensilla on female proboscis absent.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="105">
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Thorax: Grayish white dorsally. Forewing dark brown with narrow white band on dorsum from base to 1/3 of entire length; three pairs of narrow white bands beginning at costal and dorsal margin near 1/2 to 3/4 length of wing and extending obliquely toward wing apex, terminating before reaching mid-width of wing; a narrow silver band with metallic reflection extending from costa to dorsum at 5/6 length; distal 1/6 brown with black dot centrally, franked by narrow white band near dorsum; distal end fringed with narrow white band and terminating with narrow dark brown band; cilia grayish dark brown. Hindwing dark brown, 0.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length of forewing; cilia grayish dark brown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="18" pageNumber="105">
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Male genitalia: Tegumen rounded triangular. Cucullus rectangular oblong, dilated at apex, covered with numerous hairs on inner surface; ventral base with small out
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<pageBreakToken pageId="19" pageNumber="106" start="start">ward</pageBreakToken>
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projection; surface of projection with numerous thin spines. Sacculus elongate triangular, acute at apex, 1.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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width of cucullus at base, 0.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length of cucullus; distal portion of ventral margin slightly concave. Vinculum V-shaped; saccus thin and tapering, as long as vinculum. Aedeagus straight; cornutus large, emerging from 2/3 length of aedeagus and extending beyond apex of aedeagus for 0.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length of aedeagus, 0.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as thick as aedeagus, with thick spines sparsely on surface.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="19" pageNumber="106">
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Female genitalia: Seventh tergite with a pair of spiracle anteriorly. Lamella postvaginalis deeply bilobed, 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as broad as ostium bursae, as long as seventh sternite; each lobe finger-shaped, extending straight toward caudal end. Antrum heavily sclerotized, smooth on surface, abruptly curved ventrally and posteriorly to continue to ductus bursae. Ductus bursae curving abruptly anteriorly, gradually tapering to continue to corpus bursae; basal 1/3 with numerous sclerotized teeth on surface. Corpus bursae elongate oval, as long as combined antrum and ductus bursae; signum absent. Apo
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<pageBreakToken pageId="20" pageNumber="107" start="start">physes</pageBreakToken>
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posteriores 1.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length of apophyses anteriores. Ovipositor dentate laterally, weakly angular at apex.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="107" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="107">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="107">
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19♂, 7♀. Holotype ♀ - JAPAN: Tochigi Prefecture: Fujioka, Watarase-yusuichi (36.226554, 139.671697), 20 m, collected as larva in fruit of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Phyllanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phyllanthus ussuriensis" order="Malpighiales" pageId="20" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ussuriensis">Phyllanthus ussuriensis</taxonomicName>
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and reared to adult, 22.ix.2012 (KYO). Paratypes - same data as holotype, 13♂, 4♀ (KYO). Other specimens - JAPAN: Tokyo Prefecture: Machida, Minamiotani, 29.x.2004, 6♂, 1♀; Oita Prefecture: Bungo-Takada, Shinei, 8.ix.2015, 1♀ (T. Hirano).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="107" type="dna barcodes">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="107">DNA barcodes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="107">FJ235387.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="107" type="known host and adult behavior">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="107">Known host and adult behavior.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="107">
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Known only from
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Phyllanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phyllanthus ussuriensis" order="Malpighiales" pageId="20" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ussuriensis">Phyllanthus ussuriensis</taxonomicName>
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. Oviposition behavior has not been observed in the wild. Floral dissection suggests that the egg is laid in young fruit through the ovary wall between the wall and ovule. Larva feeds on seeds.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="107" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="107">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="107">
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Known only from three populations in Tochigi, Tokyo and Oita Prefecture, Japan (Fig. 9F). The host plant
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Phyllanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phyllanthus ussuriensis" order="Malpighiales" pageId="20" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ussuriensis">Phyllanthus ussuriensis</taxonomicName>
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is widespread in the temperate regions of Japan and other parts of East Asia, so the species is likely to be found elsewhere. The plant was common at damp habitats in flood plains before 1980s but is now uncommon and locally threatened in Japan.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="107" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="107">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="107">
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The name nudilingua (a noun in apposition) derives from the Latin nudus (= naked) and lingua (= tongue) in reference the hairless proboscis of the female, which is a derived condition in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Epicephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicephala" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epicephala</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |