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<document id="7806A341504D99A9512E632D7F6D5807" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4117.1.1" ID-CLB-Dataset="38978" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4117.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ec3a9bac-0c79-4210-9574-43ec31ba805f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="266257" ID-ZooBank="4274F17E-D096-4B30-8FD2-E66769F49708" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1464589271069" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Dantas, Galileu P. S., Hamada, Neusa &amp; Mendes, Humberto F." docDate="2016" docId="03E32D3551173218FF04CF73F27EF8D0" docLanguage="en" docName="data.FBCC20389D2703C13D1E6568A51EC59F.cached" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4117 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Stenochironomus jubatus Borkent" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="FFDA554D510F3202FF93CD34F645FFA8" masterDocTitle="Contribution to the knowledge of Stenochironomus Kieffer (Diptera, Chironomidae) from Brazil: seven new species and description of females and immatures of some previously known species" masterLastPageNumber="47" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="25" updateTime="1698662639758" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="CDD76805693FF673A616F8C88D08A846">Contribution to the knowledge of Stenochironomus Kieffer (Diptera, Chironomidae) from Brazil: seven new species and description of females and immatures of some previously known species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2038212F1EFA576710C5BE253EAC3DC5">Dantas, Galileu P. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="22ABD6BBE730104DB22A173E5ABD47E7">Hamada, Neusa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AFD10B2248963C2A8820633FFE3DA31C">Mendes, Humberto F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="2DAD3649EFADD0D5143C8B39C9544AD3">2016</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03E32D3551173218FF04CF73F27EF8D0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6073942" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120733286" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6073942" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E32D3551173218FF04CF73F27EF8D0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E32D3551173218FF04CF73F27EF8D0" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<subSubSection id="C350CFA85117321AFF04CF73F768FD2B" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF59C235117321AFF04CF73F47CFDCA" blockId="24.[151,569,583,643]" box="[151,569,583,610]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<heading id="D0BD2B4F5117321AFF04CF73F47CFDCA" bold="true" box="[151,569,583,610]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C4AE7A05117321AFF04CF73F47CFDCA" ID-CoL="4ZWQZ" authority="Borkent" authorityName="Borkent" box="[151,569,583,610]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Stenochironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jubatus">
<emphasis id="B93E40315117321AFF04CF73F47CFDCA" bold="true" box="[151,569,583,610]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B93E40315117321AFF04CF73F78EFDC9" bold="true" box="[151,459,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Stenochironomus jubatus</emphasis>
Borkent
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF59C235117321AFF04CF5EF768FD2B" blockId="24.[151,569,583,643]" box="[151,301,618,643]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
(
<figureCitation id="137180A65117321AFF0CCF5EF763FD2B" box="[159,294,618,643]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 18" captionStart-1="FIGURE 19" captionStartId-0="25.[151,250,1971,1993]" captionStartId-1="26.[151,250,1394,1416]" captionTargetBox-0="[201,1383,212,1920]" captionTargetBox-1="[177,1419,205,1361]" captionTargetId-0="figure@25.[175,1403,193,1949]" captionTargetId-1="figure@26.[151,1435,193,1373]" captionTargetPageId-0="25" captionTargetPageId-1="26" captionText-0="FIGURE 18. Stenochironomus jubatus Borkent, pupa. A, frontal apotome. B, thorax, lateral view. C, tergites I V. D, tergites VI IX. E F, spur on S VIII." captionText-1="FIGURE 19. Stenochironomus jubatus Borkent, larva. A, antenna. B, mandible. B, mandible. C, Labiohypopharynx. D, mentum and ventromental-plate." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/266275/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/266276/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs. 1819</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C350CFA851173218FF04CF86F27EF8D0" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF59C235117321AFF04CF86F29FFCBB" blockId="24.[151,1437,690,2017]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B93E40315117321AFF04CF86F7C7FD63" bold="true" box="[151,386,690,715]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F35DDCB35117321AFE1FCF86F796FD63" box="[396,467,690,715]" name="Brazil" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, Amazonas: Novo Airão, Km 3 do ramal do Hotel Mercuri,
<geoCoordinate id="EE7EFAE45117321AFB1CCF87F37BFD63" box="[1167,1342,690,715]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="1" value="-2.8456666">02º 50' 44.4&quot; S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE7EFAE45117321AFADECF86F6B0FD46" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="1" value="-60.915806">60º 54' 56.9&quot; W</geoCoordinate>
, in decayed wood, G.P.S, Dantas, S.C. Escarpinati (
<collectionCode id="ED5B04E65117321AFCA2CFE3F532FD47" box="[817,887,727,751]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">INPA</collectionCode>
):
<specimenCount id="9D4C57AA5117321AFC1ACFE3F591FD47" box="[905,980,726,751]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
with pupal exuviae,
<date id="FFF4BAE35117321AFB2ECFE3F374FD47" box="[1213,1329,727,751]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="2008-10-08">08.x.2008</date>
;
<specimenCount id="9D4C57AA5117321AFAA8CFE3F3D9FD47" box="[1339,1436,726,751]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
with pupal exuviae,
<date id="FFF4BAE35117321AFEE9CFCFF7A8FCBB" box="[378,493,763,787]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="2008-10-13">13.x.2008</date>
;
<specimenCount id="9D4C57AA5117321AFE6ACFCFF400FCBA" box="[505,581,763,787]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
with larval exuviae,
<date id="FFF4BAE35117321AFCA3CFCEF5EFFCBB" box="[816,938,762,787]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="2008-11-03">03.xi.2008</date>
; larval exuviae,
<date id="FFF4BAE35117321AFBF1CFCEF293FCBB" box="[1122,1238,762,787]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="2008-10-25">25.x.2008</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF59C235117321AFF54CE2AF335FC6F" blockId="24.[151,1437,690,2017]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B93E40315117321AFF54CE2AF45AFC9F" bold="true" box="[199,543,798,823]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Diagnostic characters. Male:</emphasis>
lateral
<emphasis id="B93E40315117321AFDE7CE2BF4E3FC9E" box="[628,678,799,822]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">vitta</emphasis>
with two dark patches, one anterior to the other; anal point large at base and bulbous at apex; inferior volsella with two pre-apical setae, one longer than the other; RM with about 5 setae.
<emphasis id="B93E40315117321AFF4CCE52F776FCD7" bold="true" box="[223,307,870,895]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Pupae:</emphasis>
brown, with frontal warts ball-shaped;
<emphasis id="B93E40315117321AFD6ACE52F5C7FCD6" box="[761,898,870,894]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">pedes spurii</emphasis>
B present on S II.
<emphasis id="B93E40315117321AFBF2CE52F285FCD7" bold="true" box="[1121,1216,870,895]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Larvae:</emphasis>
ventromental plate with weak crests near to anterior margin; SI and SII pinnate,
<collectionCode id="ED5B04E65117321AFCFBCEBFF5D6FC0B" box="[872,915,907,931]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">SIII</collectionCode>
simple; labiohypopharynx with ligular lobes truncated without small projection on lateral margin; micropore located postero-laterally to the setae submenti.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF59C235117321AFF54CEE6F23BFC43" blockId="24.[151,1437,690,2017]" box="[199,1150,978,1003]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B93E40315117321AFF54CEE6F743FC43" bold="true" box="[199,262,978,1003]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Pupa</emphasis>
(n = 1). Total length
<quantity id="4CB231C65117321AFE67CEE7F41EFC42" box="[500,603,979,1003]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.49" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="9.49">9.49 mm</quantity>
. Coloration: cephalothorax and abdomen brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF59C235117321AFF54CEC2F5C1FBF2" blockId="24.[151,1437,690,2017]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
Cephalothorax (
<figureCitation id="137180A65117321AFEEDCEC2F798FBA7" box="[382,477,1014,1039]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1971,1993]" captionTargetBox="[201,1383,212,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[175,1403,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 18. Stenochironomus jubatus Borkent, pupa. A, frontal apotome. B, thorax, lateral view. C, tergites I V. D, tergites VI IX. E F, spur on S VIII." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266275/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs. 18</figureCitation>
A, 18B). Frontal apotome elongated; frontal warts present, ball-shaped (
<figureCitation id="137180A65117321AFAB7CEC2F332FBA7" box="[1316,1399,1014,1039]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1971,1993]" captionTargetBox="[201,1383,212,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[175,1403,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 18. Stenochironomus jubatus Borkent, pupa. A, frontal apotome. B, thorax, lateral view. C, tergites I V. D, tergites VI IX. E F, spur on S VIII." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266275/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
A). Precorneal seta 50 µm long. Dorsocentrals (Dc) 80 µm long. Distance between Dc1 and Dc2 6 µm; between Dc2 and Dc3 352 µm; between Dc3 and Dc4 6 µm. Median suture granulose.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF59C235117321AFF54C95CF2BFFAD5" blockId="24.[151,1437,690,2017]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
Abdomen (
<figureCitation id="137180A65117321AFED4C95CF7E3FB28" box="[327,422,1128,1153]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1971,1993]" captionTargetBox="[201,1383,212,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[175,1403,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 18. Stenochironomus jubatus Borkent, pupa. A, frontal apotome. B, thorax, lateral view. C, tergites I V. D, tergites VI IX. E F, spur on S VIII." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266275/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs. 18</figureCitation>
C, 18D). T I
<taxonomicName id="4C4AE7A05117321AFDD1C95CF433FB29" box="[578,630,1128,1153]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Stenochironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bare">bare</taxonomicName>
; T IIIII with large field of shagreen; T IVT V with central field of shagreen, thicker near posterior margin; T VI with an anterior field of fine shagreen and a posterior field of thick shagreen, separated by an area without shagreen; T VIIVIII without shagreen; anal segment with anterior pair of shagreen patches. TII with posterior row of hooklets extending to lateral margin of tergite, divided medially into two groups by a distance of 147 µm. Abdominal setation: S I without L setae; S IIIV with 3 L setae; S VVII with 4 LS setae; S VIII with 5 LS setae.
<emphasis id="B93E40315117321AFDAEC828F48EFA9C" box="[573,715,1308,1332]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Pedes spurii</emphasis>
B present on segment II (
<figureCitation id="137180A65117321AFC6DC828F216FA9D" box="[1022,1107,1308,1333]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1971,1993]" captionTargetBox="[201,1383,212,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[175,1403,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 18. Stenochironomus jubatus Borkent, pupa. A, frontal apotome. B, thorax, lateral view. C, tergites I V. D, tergites VI IX. E F, spur on S VIII." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266275/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
C). Spur on S VIII with 56 brownish teeth, the largest 72 µm long (
<figureCitation id="137180A65117321AFDCEC874F4EAFAF0" box="[605,687,1344,1369]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1971,1993]" captionTargetBox="[201,1383,212,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[175,1403,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 18. Stenochironomus jubatus Borkent, pupa. A, frontal apotome. B, thorax, lateral view. C, tergites I V. D, tergites VI IX. E F, spur on S VIII." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266275/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
E). Genital sac 589 µm long, overreaching the posterior margin of the anal lobe by 28 µm; anal lobe 499 µm long, rounded at apex, with fringe of about 100 filaments.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF59C235117321AFF54C8BCF6B8FA6D" blockId="24.[151,1437,690,2017]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B93E40315117321AFF54C8BCF7F4FA09" bold="true" box="[199,433,1416,1441]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fourth-instar larva</emphasis>
(n = 2 except when otherwise stated). Total length 11.88 (1) mm. Head capsule 977 (1) µm long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF59C235117321AFF54C8E4F79AF8A1" blockId="24.[151,1437,690,2017]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
Head. Antenna as in
<figureCitation id="137180A65117321AFE2CC8E4F46BFA40" box="[447,558,1488,1513]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1394,1416]" captionTargetBox="[177,1419,205,1361]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1435,193,1373]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 19. Stenochironomus jubatus Borkent, larva. A, antenna. B, mandible. B, mandible. C, Labiohypopharynx. D, mentum and ventromental-plate." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266276/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figure 19</figureCitation>
A; lengths of antennal segments (in µm): 117122; 3842; 1719; 18; 67. Blade 3438 µm long. Labral lamella with two groups of spicules arranged comblike, spicules of pecten epipharyngis simple, arranged in a row. S1 pinnate, 4045 µm long; S2 pinnate, 3950 µm long; S3 simple, 3738 µm long. Premandible 127131 µm long. Mandible (
<figureCitation id="137180A65117321AFC92CB08F510F9FD" box="[769,853,1596,1621]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1394,1416]" captionTargetBox="[177,1419,205,1361]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1435,193,1373]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 19. Stenochironomus jubatus Borkent, larva. A, antenna. B, mandible. B, mandible. C, Labiohypopharynx. D, mentum and ventromental-plate." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266276/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
B) 334342 µm long, with 4 inner teeth. Mentum concave (
<figureCitation id="137180A65117321AFE90CB54F710F9D0" box="[259,341,1632,1657]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1394,1416]" captionTargetBox="[177,1419,205,1361]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1435,193,1373]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 19. Stenochironomus jubatus Borkent, larva. A, antenna. B, mandible. B, mandible. C, Labiohypopharynx. D, mentum and ventromental-plate." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266276/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
D), 208246 µm wide, apparently with 10 blackish teeth (it may have 12 teeth and the outermost tooth would not be seen, due to the curvature of mentum); micropore located postero-rolateral to setae submenti; ventromental plate with weak crests near anterior margin. Base of dorsolateral strip originating on posterior ⅓ of dorsomedian strip. Labiohypopharynx (
<figureCitation id="137180A65117321AFDF7CBF8F4FFF94D" box="[612,698,1740,1765]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1394,1416]" captionTargetBox="[177,1419,205,1361]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1435,193,1373]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 19. Stenochironomus jubatus Borkent, larva. A, antenna. B, mandible. B, mandible. C, Labiohypopharynx. D, mentum and ventromental-plate." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266276/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
C) with ligular lobes truncated, with cleft between lobes very narrow, nearly parallel-sided.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF59C235117321AFF54CA20F7E6F8DD" blockId="24.[151,1437,690,2017]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Abdomen. Procercus with 8 filaments, associated setae of equal size. Anal papillae with two constrictions; basal portion 415462 µm long, median portion 475510 µm long, apical portion 273320 µm long. The longest anal hook 106 µm long.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF59C2351173218FF54CAB4F58DF8A3" blockId="24.[151,1437,690,2017]" lastBlockId="26.[151,1436,1491,1912]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B93E40315117321AFF54CAB4F7FEF831" bold="true" box="[199,443,1920,1945]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Systematic remarks.</emphasis>
To divide the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C4AE7A05117321AFD34CAB4F522F830" box="[679,871,1920,1944]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Stenochironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93E40315117321AFD34CAB4F522F830" box="[679,871,1920,1944]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Stenochironomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in two subgenera,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDBE1D25117321AFBAECAB4F2AFF830" author="Borkent" box="[1085,1258,1920,1945]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="Borkent, A. (1984) The systematics and phylogeny of the Stenochironomus complex (Xestochironomus, Harrisius, and Stenochironomus) (Diptera: Chironomidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 128, 1 - 269. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 116128 fv" type="journal article" year="1984">Borkent (1984)</bibRefCitation>
includes all the species with leaf-mining larvae in the subgenus
<emphasis id="B93E40315117321AFD25CA91F481F814" box="[694,708,1957,1980]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">S</emphasis>
. (
<taxonomicName id="4C4AE7A05117321AFD4FCA90F539F814" box="[732,892,1956,1980]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Petalopholeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93E40315117321AFD4FCA90F539F814" box="[732,892,1956,1980]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Petalopholeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Even without knowing the immature stages of
<taxonomicName id="4C4AE7A05117321AFF04CAFCF740F848" box="[151,261,1992,2016]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Stenochironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jubatus">
<emphasis id="B93E40315117321AFF04CAFCF740F848" box="[151,261,1992,2016]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">S. jubatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, this species was included in this subgenus and so it was considered leaf-mining. However, with the pupae and larvae described here, there is no doubt that it is a species with wood-mining larvae. The pupa of
<taxonomicName id="4C4AE7A051153218FA14C8E0F6AFF9A7" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Stenochironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jubatus">
<emphasis id="B93E403151153218FA14C8E0F6AFF9A7" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">S. jubatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C4AE7A051153218FEE8C8CCF790F9A7" box="[379,469,1527,1551]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Stenochironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liviae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93E403151153218FEE8C8CCF790F9A7" box="[379,469,1527,1551]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">S. liviae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20DFD4A51153218FE4FC8C3F473F9B8" box="[476,566,1527,1552]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B93E403151153218FE4FC8C3F473F9B8" bold="true" box="[476,566,1527,1552]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
both have two well-developed frontal warts, being smaller and more rounded in
<taxonomicName id="4C4AE7A051153218FF20CB28F765F99C" box="[179,288,1564,1588]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Stenochironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jubatus">
<emphasis id="B93E403151153218FF20CB28F765F99C" box="[179,288,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">S. jubatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and larger and triangular in
<taxonomicName id="4C4AE7A051153218FDF0CB28F4F9F99C" box="[611,700,1564,1588]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Stenochironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liviae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93E403151153218FDF0CB28F4F9F99C" box="[611,700,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">S. liviae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20DFD4A51153218FD50CB2FF559F99C" box="[707,796,1563,1588]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B93E403151153218FD50CB2FF559F99C" bold="true" box="[707,796,1563,1588]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
Another feature that differentiates the pupae of these two species is the size of the teeth of the spur on T VIII, which are thinner and more elongated in
<taxonomicName id="4C4AE7A051153218FB27CB74F367F9FF" box="[1204,1314,1599,1623]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Stenochironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jubatus">
<emphasis id="B93E403151153218FB27CB74F367F9FF" box="[1204,1314,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">S. jubatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The larva of
<taxonomicName id="4C4AE7A051153218FF25CB50F763F9D4" box="[182,294,1636,1660]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Stenochironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jubatus">
<emphasis id="B93E403151153218FF25CB50F763F9D4" box="[182,294,1636,1660]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">S. jubatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="4C4AE7A051153218FD83CB50F430F9D3" box="[528,629,1636,1659]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Stenochironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="roquei">
<emphasis id="B93E403151153218FD83CB50F430F9D3" box="[528,629,1636,1659]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">S. roquei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, being difficult to distinguish them. The small tubercles present on the lateral margin of the labiohypopharynx of
<taxonomicName id="4C4AE7A051153218FDEDCBBCF4A1F937" box="[638,740,1672,1695]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Stenochironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="roquei">
<emphasis id="B93E403151153218FDEDCBBCF4A1F937" box="[638,740,1672,1695]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">S. roquei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is absent in
<taxonomicName id="4C4AE7A051153218FCEBCBBCF5ACF937" box="[888,1001,1671,1695]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Stenochironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jubatus">
<emphasis id="B93E403151153218FCEBCBBCF5ACF937" box="[888,1001,1671,1695]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">S. jubatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the micropore is located posterolaterally to the setae submenti in the latter species, while in the former it is located anterior-laterally. Although we described the mentum of
<taxonomicName id="4C4AE7A051153218FE27CBE4F467F94F" box="[436,546,1743,1767]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Stenochironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jubatus">
<emphasis id="B93E403151153218FE27CBE4F467F94F" box="[436,546,1743,1767]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">S. jubatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as have 10 teeth, the real number can be 12. Sometimes due to the curvature of the mentum, the lateralmost teeth are hidden behind the penultimate one.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF35CCAB5116321BFF04CA87F7F6F84F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266275/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" targetBox="[201,1383,212,1920]" targetPageId="25">
<paragraph id="8BF59C235116321BFF04CA87F7F6F84F" blockId="25.[151,1436,1971,2023]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B93E40315116321BFF04CA87F765F860" bold="true" box="[151,288,1971,1993]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">FIGURE 18.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4AE7A05116321BFEBBCA87F4C6F861" authority="Borkent" authorityName="Borkent" box="[296,643,1971,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Stenochironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jubatus">
<emphasis id="B93E40315116321BFEBBCA87F46DF860" box="[296,552,1971,1992]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Stenochironomus jubatus</emphasis>
Borkent
</taxonomicName>
, pupa. A, frontal apotome. B, thorax, lateral view. C, tergites IV. D, tergites VIIX. EF, spur on S VIII.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF35CCAB51153218FF04C846F7A7FA0F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266276/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" targetBox="[177,1419,205,1361]" targetPageId="26">
<paragraph id="8BF59C2351153218FF04C846F7A7FA0F" blockId="26.[151,1435,1394,1447]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B93E403151153218FF04C846F761FA2F" bold="true" box="[151,292,1394,1416]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">FIGURE 19.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4AE7A051153218FEBCC846F4D7FA20" authority="Borkent" authorityName="Borkent" box="[303,658,1394,1416]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Stenochironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jubatus">
<emphasis id="B93E403151153218FEBCC846F471FA2F" box="[303,564,1394,1415]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Stenochironomus jubatus</emphasis>
Borkent
</taxonomicName>
, larva. A, antenna. B, mandible. B, mandible. C, Labiohypopharynx. D, mentum and ventromental-plate.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF59C2351153218FF54CA23F27EF8D0" blockId="26.[151,1436,1491,1912]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B93E403151153218FF54CA23F404F898" bold="true" box="[199,577,1815,1840]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Notes on biology of the species.</emphasis>
The adults were reared from larvae which had been mining wood in a fast flowing, black-water stream, emerging about 40 days after the wood had been collected. The pupae remain with the abdomen partially within the larval exuviae, which in turn keeps its extended form.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>